DE102019203956A1 - Switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching device (2) for switching an electrical load (4) on a supply network (8). The switching device has a rotary cylinder (22) which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (D) and has a lateral surface (24), an actuator (18) ) for rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder (22), a first contact bridge (26) held in a rotationally fixed manner in the rotary cylinder (22), at the ends of which a contact (28) is arranged, the contacts (28) in a respective recess (30) in the lateral surface (24) of the rotary cylinder (22) and protrude beyond the lateral surface (24), and a receptacle (38) for the rotary cylinder (22) in which a number of mating contacts (42, 42 ', 44, 44', 46 , 46 ', 48, 48') is arranged in such a way that, by rotationally adjusting the rotary cylinder (22), two of the mating contacts (42, 42 ', 44, 44', 46, 46 ', 48, 48') by means of the first contact bridge (26) electrically connected or the mating contacts (42, 42 ', 44, 44', 46, 46 ', 48, 48') electrically are separated.

Description

The invention relates to a switching device for switching an electrical load on a supply network, with a rotary cylinder which is rotatably adjustable about an axis of rotation and in which a contact bridge is received.

In order to supply an electrical load (an electrical consumer) with electrical energy, it is expediently connected to an electrical supply network.

In the event of a fault in the supply network or the load, it may be necessary to (electrically) disconnect the load from the supply network. For example, the supply network has a number of direct current networks and / or alternating current networks, each of the direct current networks and the alternating current networks forming a so-called supply branch. If, however, the load is to be operated permanently, it must be transferred from this (first) supply branch to another in the event of a failure of the supply branch of the supply network connected to it, i.e. if this supply branch does not provide any electrical energy or only insufficient electrical energy to operate the load (Second) supply branch of the supply network are switched. For example, if an alternating current network (AC supply branch) connected to the load fails, the load is switched to a direct current network (DC supply branch) for an emergency supply.

For example, the load is connected to the supply network by means of a power supply unit. This typically has a buffer, for example capacitors, which, in the event of failure of the supply branch connected to the load, provide sufficient electrical energy for operating the load for a comparatively short period of time, also known as the bridging time. The bridging time is around 10 ms (milliseconds).
Mechanical switches can be used to switch the load between two supply branches of the supply network. However, a comparatively long period of time is necessary for switching such mechanical switches, which is typically longer than the bridging time that can be achieved by means of the buffer of the power supply unit. As a result, the load is not supplied with sufficient electrical energy, for example, so that it cannot be operated reliably or its operation can even be completely interrupted.

Alternatively, semiconductor switches are used to switch the load between two supply branches. With these, however, there is no galvanic separation of the corresponding supply branch from the load. However, galvanic isolation is necessary for some applications, in particular due to safety-related requirements, so that these semiconductor switches cannot be used.
The invention is based on the object of specifying a suitable switching device. In particular, the switching device should be used to switch a load and / or switch the load between at least two supply branches of a supply network as quickly as possible.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments and refinements are the subject matter of the subclaims.

For this purpose, the switching device has a rotary cylinder that is rotatably adjustable, that is to say rotatable, about an axis of rotation. For rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder, the switching device also has an actuator (actuator) coupled to it. The rotary cylinder is preferably designed as a hollow cylinder so that its moment of inertia is as low as possible.

In this case, a first contact bridge is received in the rotary cylinder, which is fixed against rotation with respect to the rotary cylinder. A contact, also referred to as a contact piece, is arranged at each end of the contact bridge. In particular, the contact is attached to the respective end. For example, the contact is riveted, welded or soldered to the respective end. The contacts sit in a respective recess in the jacket surface of the rotary cylinder and protrude beyond the jacket surface, in particular in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The recesses are preferably arranged opposite one another in the rotating cylinder. In other words, the recesses are preferably arranged on a common straight line which is arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation and runs through it.

Furthermore, the switching device has a receptacle for the rotary cylinder. This is introduced as a separate part in a housing of the switching device or is preferably integrated into the housing, in particular molded onto it.

A number of mating contacts (mating contact pieces) are arranged in the receptacle such that two of the mating contacts are electrically connected by means of the first contact bridge or the mating contacts are electrically separated by rotating the rotary cylinder into a corresponding rotational position (angular position). The number of mating contacts thus comprises two mating contacts or more than two mating contacts. So are in the Receiving at least two mating contacts arranged. In summary, two of the mating contacts or, if only two mating contacts are present, the two mating contacts are electrically connected to one another in a corresponding rotary position by means of the first contact bridge and electrically (galvanically) separated from one another in a different rotary position.

To switch an electrical load on a supply network, that is to say to connect the load to the supply network or to disconnect the load from the supply network, one of these two mating contacts is connected to a (first) load connection for the load. This (load-side) mating contact is therefore provided for connecting the load and the other (network-side) mating contact of the two mating contacts, in particular via an associated supply network connection, is provided for connection to the supply network.

In summary, to disconnect the load from the supply network, the rotary cylinder is rotated (rotatably adjusted) in such a way that the corresponding mating contacts are no longer electrically connected by means of the first contact bridge, that is to say are galvanically separated from one another. A comparatively safe separation of the load from the supply network is advantageous due to the galvanic separation. Correspondingly, in order to connect the load to the supply network, the rotary cylinder is rotated (rotatably adjusted) in such a way that the corresponding mating contacts are electrically connected by means of the first contact bridge. The switching of the electrical load advantageously takes place comparatively quickly on the basis of the rotary adjustment of the rotary cylinder.

According to an advantageous development, a load-side first mating contact and a first mating contact assigned to the respective supply branch are provided for each of the supply branches for switching the first load connection from a first supply branch to a second supply branch of the supply network. The number of mating contacts includes the first mating contacts. This aspect represents an independent invention.

The switching of the first load connection provided for the load from the first supply branch to the second supply branch is effected by a rotary adjustment of the first contact bridge. Due to the rotary adjustment, the first mating contact on the mains side of the first supply branch is electrically isolated from the first mating contact on the load side and the first mating contact on the mains side of the second supply branch is electrically connected to the other first mating contact on the load side by means of the first contact bridge.

The same applies to the switching of the first load connection from the second supply branch to the first supply branch.

In summary, in this way the first load connection can be connected to the first or to the second supply branch, so that a corresponding electrical potential is applied there. This embodiment of the switching device is used in particular if the two supply networks have the same reference potential, in particular ground, and this is applied to the load.

According to an advantageous development, a second contact bridge is provided for switching a second load connection provided for the load from the first supply branch to the second supply branch of the supply network. The load is switchable and expediently also switched between the first load connection and the second load connection and thus between the first contact bridge and the second contact bridge. One of the contact bridges is connected upstream of the load and the other of the contact bridges is connected downstream of the load.

Furthermore, a second counter-contact on the load side and a second counter-contact on the network side assigned to the respective supply branch are provided for each of the supply branches. The second contact bridge is rotationally fixed with respect to the rotary cylinder, in other words the second contact bridge rotates through the same angle and around the same axis of rotation as the rotary cylinder when it is rotationally adjusted. The number of mating contacts includes the second mating contacts.

In a manner analogous to switching the first load connection from the first supply branch to the second supply branch, the switching of the second load connection from the first supply branch to the second supply branch is effected by a rotary adjustment of the second contact bridge. So due to the rotary adjustment of the rotary cylinder - and thus the second contact bridge - the network-side second mating contact of the first supply branch is electrically separated from the load-side mating contact and the network-side second mating contact of the second supply branch is electrically connected to the other load-side, second mating contact by means of the second contact bridge. The switching of the first load connection for the electrical load from the first supply branch to the second supply branch or vice versa is advantageously carried out comparatively quickly on the basis of the rotary adjustment of the rotary cylinder first. For example, a switching time required for this is less than 5 ms (milliseconds). In particular, it is enables the first load connection to be switched before the bridging time set out above has expired.

In summary, the load is provided for connection between the first and the second contact bridge.

Due to the mutually rotationally fixed arrangement of the first and the second contact bridge, both the first load connection and the second load connection are switched together, that is, synchronously, from the first supply branch to the second supply branch or vice versa. Furthermore, it is thus particularly advantageously possible to switch the load between a first supply branch designed as a direct current network and a second supply branch designed as an alternating current network or between two alternating current networks or between two direct current networks with different reference potentials.

For example, further supply branches of the supply network can be connected to the load in an analogous manner. In particular, the switching device has one or more further contact bridges for this purpose, which are received in at least one further rotary cylinder in a rotationally fixed manner to the first contact bridge.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the switching device, both the first contact bridge and the second contact bridge are accommodated in the rotary cylinder, an intermediate cylinder floor of the rotary cylinder being arranged between the first contact bridge and the second contact bridge, and the first contact bridge and the second contact bridge, suitably at 90 ° , are arranged rotated with respect to the axis of rotation to one another. The intermediate cylinder base and the lateral surface of the rotary cylinder are preferably formed from an electrically insulating material. Due to the inclusion of the two contact bridges in the rotary cylinder, the two contact bridges are advantageously arranged in a space-saving manner. This aspect represents an independent invention.

As an alternative to this, the switching device has two separate rotary cylinders for this purpose, the two rotary cylinders being non-rotatable with respect to one another.

According to an expedient embodiment, the first mating contacts and the second mating contacts are arranged in mutually parallel and spaced planes which are oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The corresponding contact bridge is expediently arranged in each of the two levels. Unintentional contacting of the first contact bridge with the second mating contacts or the second contact bridge with the first mating contacts is thus avoided.

With the arrangement of the first contact bridge, the second contact bridge and possibly further contact bridges in mutually parallel and spaced planes, it is also possible to three-phase, for example, a neutral conductor being switched by means of one of the contact bridges, or alternatively several loads analogous to the manner shown above Switching.

The mating contacts expediently have an equidistant angular distance from one another with respect to the axis of rotation. In the case of two supply branches, each of which is assigned four mating contacts, the angular distance between the mating contacts is 45 °.

If the load is to be switched between more than two supply branches, the distance between the mating contacts is 90 ° divided by the number of supply branches.

According to a suitable development, the actuator has a permanent magnet that is coupled to the rotary cylinder in a rotationally fixed manner and rotatable about the axis of rotation, as well as a coil. The coil is expediently arranged on the side of the permanent magnet facing away from the rotary cylinder. The coil is used to generate a magnetic field that causes the rotary cylinder to rotate. The permanent magnet is disk-shaped and extends in a plane oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, the permanent magnet is expediently circular.

The coil axis preferably extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation. In addition, the coil suitably comprises a soft magnetic core, at each of the two ends of which a pole piece with a (magnetic pole) surface oriented parallel to the permanent magnet is arranged.

According to a suitable embodiment, the permanent magnet has two, in particular semicircular, sectors, the magnetic polarization of the two sectors being directed in or against a parallel to the axial direction. The sectors are preferably arranged with respect to the axis of rotation in such a way that the axis of rotation runs in an imaginary dividing plane between the sectors.

The permanent magnet is expediently coupled to the rotary cylinder in a rotationally fixed manner by means of a holding element. According to an advantageous development, the holding element has a cover which is arranged on the side of the permanent magnet facing away from the coil and at least partially covers this side of the permanent magnet. The cover or, alternatively, the entire holding element is formed from a soft magnetic material. This aspect also represents a In this way, the magnetic field is guided by means of the cover in the area of the permanent magnet and / or absorption of the magnetic flux through the cover is improved. This advantageously facilitates the displacement of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet when the coil is energized. The rotational movement of the permanent magnet and thus of the rotary cylinder thus effected takes place comparatively efficiently in this way and / or the rotation takes place comparatively quickly, that is to say at a comparatively high rotational speed.

The guidance of the magnetic field in the area of the permanent magnet and / or the absorption of the magnetic flux of the magnetic field to enable a comparatively fast field displacement when the coil is energized are thus further improved.

The cover is expediently as flat as possible with respect to a direction along the axis of rotation. In other words, the cover has the smallest possible extent in the axial direction. In particular, the expansion in the axial direction is less than half the expansion perpendicular to the axis of rotation, for example less than the radius if the cover is circular. Thus their moment of inertia is comparatively low. In this case, however, their expansion is chosen to be so large that sufficient absorption of the magnetic flux for the rotary adjustment can be achieved

For example, the cover is step-shaped, conical, or hemispherical. The expansion of the cover towards the axis of rotation preferably increases. Thus the moment of inertia of the holding element is comparatively low and the guidance of the magnetic field is improved.

In an expedient embodiment, the rotational movement of the holding element is limited in both directions of rotation about the axis of rotation. This aspect represents an independent invention. In a (first end position) rotary position of the rotary cylinder, which corresponds to a maximum possible deflection or rotary adjustment in one of the two directions of rotation, the first contact bridge on the load-side first counter-contact with the network-side first counter-contact for connected to the first supply branch. In a (second end position) rotary position of the rotary cylinder, which corresponds to a maximum possible deflection or rotary adjustment in the other of the two directions of rotation, the other of the load-side first countercontacts is connected to the other of the network-side first countercontact for the second supply branch by means of the first contact bridge.

The same applies to the second mating contacts and the second contact bridge.

To limit the rotational movement of the holding element, its cover has, according to a suitable embodiment, a (cover) recess, particularly in the form of a segment of a circle with respect to the axis of rotation, with the walls of the cover recess limiting the cover recess in the direction of rotation as a stop for form a stop element. The stop element is preferably arranged, in particular integrally formed, on a housing that receives the holding element. For example, the stop element is bolt-like and extends parallel to the axis of rotation. Alternatively, the stop element is wedge-shaped and engages in the cover recess in the radial direction.

The walls are expediently arranged in such a way that the maximum possible angle of rotation between the first end position and the second end position, i.e. between the maximum possible deflections of the holding element in the two directions of rotation, corresponds to the angular distances between the network-side first mating contacts and the network-side second mating contacts with respect to the axis of rotation .

Furthermore, the recess is preferably arranged in such a way that the plane of separation of the sectors of the permanent magnet, which is oriented perpendicular to the permanent magnet, runs between the walls. Thus, after a rotational adjustment of the holding element, according to which the separating plane of the sectors is arranged rotated towards one of the walls with respect to a plane spanned by the axis of the coil core and the axis of rotation, due to an interaction of the permanent magnet with the coil core and the pole piece arranged on it, the permanent magnet is automatically pressed against this wall and is advantageously held in a stable manner against an undefined rotary adjustment, in particular not caused by an energization of the coil.

According to an expedient embodiment, the coil of the actuator has an inductance of less than 0.5 mH (MilliHenry), in particular less than 0.2 mH and / or an ohmic resistance of less than 0.5 ohm, in particular less than 0.1 ohm. In this way, a comparatively quick increase in a coil current and thus a comparatively quick increase in the field strength of the magnetic field generated by the coil when it is energized is made possible. The rotary movement of the permanent magnet and, correspondingly, of the rotary cylinder with the contact bridges received therein thus takes place comparatively quickly. In particular, it is made possible in this way, the respective load connections between the first supply branch and the to switch the second supply branch, that is to say from the first to the second supply branch or vice versa, before the transition time mentioned at the beginning has expired. In particular, a time required for switching is 5 ms or less, so that in the event of a failure of the supply branch connected to it, the load can and expediently be switched to the other supply branch in each case without impairing the operation of the load.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the first contact bridge and / or the second contact bridge are designed as a leaf spring, so that the contacts attached to their ends can be adjusted in a resilient manner in the radial direction. In this way, the contact pressure against the mating contacts is increased and a comparatively reliable electrical contact is achieved. The outer surface of the rotary cylinder serves as a stop for the leaf spring, so that the adjustment of the contacts in the radial direction is limited.

The contact bridges are suitably omega-shaped. In other words, they have a circular arc shape, with wings extending on the outside and essentially concentrically with respect to the ends of the circular arc shape being integrally formed thereon.

For example, the contact bridges are formed from a copper alloy, in particular a copper-beryllium alloy such as CuBe, CuBe ₂ . These materials advantageously have a comparatively high resilience.

The counter-contacts and / or the contacts are formed, for example, from silver (Ag) or from an alloy containing silver, in particular AgSnO or AgCdO. These materials have a comparatively high electrical conductivity.

According to an advantageous development, the first contact bridge and / or the second contact bridge each have two slots, which each extend from the ends of the corresponding contact bridge in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, forming corresponding bridge legs. A contact is arranged on each of the bridge legs. This aspect represents an independent invention.

In this way, two, in particular independently, resiliently held contacts are provided for a mating contact. Contact pressure equalization is thus improved.

The switching device also suitably has an auxiliary spring for the first contact bridge or for the second auxiliary bridge, preferably one auxiliary spring each for the first contact bridge and for the second contact bridge. The auxiliary spring acts on the ends of the first contact bridge or the second contact bridge with a spring force in the radial direction, so that a contact pressure of the contact on the respective mating contact is further increased. This aspect represents an independent invention.

In particular, the auxiliary spring is arranged on the corresponding contact bridge or preferably joined to it. For this purpose, the auxiliary spring has, for example, noses which are received in the slots of the associated contact bridge. The auxiliary spring is preferably also firmly attached to the ends of the respective contact bridge, for example by soldering or welding.

In an expedient embodiment, the receptacle which receives the rotary cylinder has ribs directed radially inward, that is to say towards the axis of rotation, in which the mating contacts are arranged on the side facing the axis of rotation. In an advantageous embodiment, the ribs of the receptacle are curved towards the axis of rotation. In this way, in the course of the rotary adjustment, the pressure of the contact against the rib or against the mating contact arranged therein advantageously increases comparatively uniformly. In addition, the rotary cylinder is at least slightly braked as it rotates due to the increasing pressure and the associated friction.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the switching device has a cage-like insulating element with axial struts, that is to say struts extending along the axis of rotation. The ribs of the receptacle are arranged between the struts. This aspect represents an independent invention.

The struts are preferably at a greater distance from the axis of rotation than the ribs. As a result, grinding of the contacts on the struts is avoided during the rotary movement of the rotary cylinder. The struts preferably have a comparatively smooth surface, so that if the contacts nevertheless rub against the struts, friction is comparatively small.

An annular (extinguishing) gap is formed between the rotary cylinder and the ribs and between the rotary cylinder and the struts. In an expedient embodiment, its gap width, that is, its extent in the radial direction, is between 50 μm and 200 μm.

If an arc occurs, which is particularly due to the separation of the electrical Connection of one of the contact bridges is generated by a mating contact connected to a DC voltage network, the arc extends over a comparatively large area due to the comparatively small gap width. In particular, the arc is cooled because of this and advantageously goes out comparatively quickly.

Furthermore, according to an expedient embodiment, the insulating element is made of a material which emits an extinguishing gas to extinguish the arc upon exposure to the arc that may possibly arise during switching. Polyoxymethylene (POM), which also has a comparatively smooth surface, is particularly suitable for this.

For example, the switching device is provided for a power supply unit. In other words, such a power supply unit advantageously has the switching device in one of the variants set out above. Furthermore, the switching device is dimensioned in particular for voltages up to 420 V with direct voltage or 320 V with alternating voltage and currents up to 26 A with direct current and 25 A with alternating current. For example, the power supply is used in data communication applications.

• 1 einen schematischen Schaltungsaufbau, wobei eine Last mittels einer Schaltvorrichtung zwischen zwei Versorgungszweigen eines Versorgungsnetzes schaltbar ist,
• 2 die Schaltvorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Explosionsdarstellung, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung einen mittels eines Aktors um eine Drehachse drehantreibbaren Drehzylinder und eine Aufnahme für den Drehzylinder aufweist, wobei durch eine Drehung des Drehzylinders in der Aufnahme angeordnete Gegenkontakte mittels einer im Drehzylinder aufgenommenen ersten oder zweiten Kontaktbrücke elektrisch verbindbar sind,
• 3 in einem Längsschnitt mit einer die Drehachse aufweisenden Schnittebene die Schaltvorrichtung, wobei der Aktor eine Spule sowie einen Dauermagneten aufweist, welcher mittels eines Halteelements starr mit dem Drehzylinder gekoppelt ist, wobei das Halteelement aus einem Weichmagnetischen Material gebildet ist,
• 4 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht den Drehzylinder mit der darin aufgenommenen Omega-förmigen ersten Kontaktbrücke und der darin aufgenommenen Omega-förmigen zweiten Kontaktbrücke, wobei zwischen der ersten Kontaktbrücke ein Zylinderzwischenboden des Drehzylinders angeordnet ist,
• 5a in einer perspektivischen Ansicht die Aufnahme für den Drehzylinder, wobei die Aufnahme sich zur Drehachse hin erstreckende Rippen aufweist, an deren Innenseiten die Gegenkontakte angeordnet sind,
• 5b in einer perspektivischen Ansicht die Aufnahme gemäß der 5a, wobei in der Aufnahme ein Isolierteil angeordnet ist, dessen Stege zwischen den Rippen der Aufnahme angeordnet sind,
• 6a in einer perspektivischen Ansicht das am Dauermagneten rotationsfest angeordnete Halteelement, wobei das Halteelement eine Abdeckung aufweist, welche den Dauermagneten teilweise abdeckt, und wobei die Abdeckung eine kreissegmentförmige Abdeckungs-Aussparung aufweist,
• 6b in einer perspektivischen Ansicht den am Halteelement gehaltenen Dauermagneten, wobei die Spule auf der dem Halteelement abgewandten Seite des Dauermagneten angeordnet ist, und wobei eine Spulenachse der Spule parallel zum Dauermagneten verläuft,
• 7 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht ein Gehäuse, in welchem das Halteelement drehbar gelagert ist, wobei das Gehäuse keilförmige Anschlagselemente für die Abdeckung-Aussparung aufweist,
• 8a schematisch einen Querschnitt der Schaltvorrichtung mit einer durch die erste Kontaktbrücke aufgespannten Schnittebene, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung für jeden der Versorgungszweige jeweils einen lastseitigen ersten Gegenkontakt und einen dem jeweiligen Versorgungszweig zugeordneten netzseitigen ersten Gegenkontakt aufweist, wobei einer der lastseitigen ersten Gegenkontakte mittels der ersten Kontaktbrücke elektrisch mit dem an den ersten Versorgungszweig angeschlossenen netzseitigen ersten Gegenkontakt verbunden ist,
• 8b schematisch einen Querschnitt der Schaltvorrichtung gemäß der 4a, wobei durch eine Rotation des Drehzylinders der andere der lastseitigen ersten Gegenkontakte mittels der ersten Kontaktbrücke mit dem an den zweiten Versorgungszweig angeschlossenen netzseitigen ersten Gegenkontakt verbunden ist, und
• 8c schematisch einen Querschnitt einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Schaltvorrichtung, wobei lediglich ein einziger Versorgungszweig für die Last vorgesehen ist, und wobei durch eine Rotation des Drehzylinders dieser Versorgungszweig mittels der ersten Kontaktbrücke mit der Last verbindbar oder von dieser trennbar ist.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show in it:

• 1 a schematic circuit structure, wherein a load can be switched between two supply branches of a supply network by means of a switching device,
• 2 the switching device in a perspective exploded view, the switching device having a rotary cylinder that can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation by means of an actuator and a receptacle for the rotary cylinder, whereby counter contacts arranged in the receptacle can be electrically connected by means of a first or second contact bridge held in the rotary cylinder by rotating the rotary cylinder ,
• 3 in a longitudinal section with a sectional plane having the axis of rotation, the switching device, the actuator having a coil and a permanent magnet which is rigidly coupled to the rotary cylinder by means of a holding element, the holding element being formed from a soft magnetic material,
• 4th in a perspective view the rotary cylinder with the omega-shaped first contact bridge received therein and the omega-shaped second contact bridge received therein, with an intermediate floor of the rotary cylinder being arranged between the first contact bridge,
• 5a in a perspective view of the receptacle for the rotary cylinder, the receptacle having ribs extending towards the axis of rotation, on the inner sides of which the mating contacts are arranged,
• 5b in a perspective view the recording according to FIG 5a , wherein an insulating part is arranged in the receptacle, the webs of which are arranged between the ribs of the receptacle,
• 6a in a perspective view the holding element arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the permanent magnet, wherein the holding element has a cover which partially covers the permanent magnet, and wherein the cover has a cover recess in the form of a segment of a circle,
• 6b in a perspective view of the permanent magnet held on the holding element, the coil being arranged on the side of the permanent magnet facing away from the holding element, and wherein a coil axis of the coil runs parallel to the permanent magnet,
• 7th in a perspective view a housing in which the holding element is rotatably mounted, the housing having wedge-shaped stop elements for the cover recess,
• 8a schematically a cross section of the switching device with a sectional plane spanned by the first contact bridge, the switching device for each of the supply branches each having a load-side first mating contact and a network-side first mating contact assigned to the respective supply branch, one of the load-side first mating contacts being electrically connected to the connected to the first supply branch connected to the network-side first mating contact,
• 8b schematically a cross section of the switching device according to FIG 4a , wherein the other of the load-side first mating contacts is connected by means of the first contact bridge to the network-side first mating contact connected to the second supply branch by a rotation of the rotary cylinder, and
• 8c schematically a cross-section of an alternative embodiment of the switching device, with only a single supply branch being provided for the load, and with this supply branch being connectable to or disconnectable from the load by means of the first contact bridge by rotating the rotary cylinder.

Corresponding parts and sizes are always provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

In the 1 a circuit structure is shown schematically in which by means of a switching device 2 a burden 4th from a first supply branch 6th of a supply network 8th to a second supply branch 10 of the supply network 8th and vice versa can be switched. Here is the first supply branch 6th for example as a direct current network with a voltage of 380 V and the second supply branch 10 designed as an alternating current network with a voltage of 277 V. For the purpose of an improved overview, the second supply branch is 10 shown in dash-dotted lines.

Here is the burden 4th between a first load connection 12th the switching device 2 and a second load terminal 14th the switching device 2 switched. To connect the first load connection 12th with the first supply branch 6th or with the second supply branch 10 , as well as for connecting the second load connection 14th with the first supply branch 6th or with the second supply branch 10 has the switching device 2 one switch each 16 on. The two switches 16 form a switching system and are thereby by means of an actuator 18th switchable between corresponding switch positions. The actuator 18th in turn is from a control unit 20th controlled.

To the burden 4th in the event of failure of the supply branch connected to it 6th or 10 to operate without impairment, the switches switch 16 corresponding to the other supply branch 10 or. 6th . To this end, the switching device 2 , as in particular in the 2 and the 3 can be seen, one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 on, the rotary cylinder 22nd by means of the actuator 18th is rotatable. Furthermore, the switching device 2 one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th on, at the ends of each two contacts 28 are arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd seated and in one to the axis of rotation D. vertical radial direction R. over the outer surface 24 protrude.

In addition, the switching device has a second contact bridge 32 on, which is also in the rotary cylinder 22nd is recorded ( 4th ), and two contacts at each end 28 is arranged. Between the first contact bridge 26th and the second contact bridge 32 is a on the lateral surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd molded cylinder floor 34 of the rotary cylinder 22nd arranged. In addition, are the first contact bridge 26th and the second contact bridge 32 with respect to the axis of rotation D. rotated by 90 ° to each other. The ones on the contact bridges 26th and 32 arranged contacts 28 are thus arranged in mutually spaced and parallel (contact) planes which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation D. are oriented.

Furthermore, the switching device 2 one in a housing 36 integrated recording 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd on. The recording 38 has radially inwardly directed ribs 40 on which mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' at the axis of rotation D. facing side of the respective rib 40 are arranged, cf. in particular 5a . The switching device 2 has to connect the first load terminal 12th with the first supply branch 6th the first mating contact on the load side 42 and the first mating contact on the network side 44 on.

To connect the first load connection 12th with the second supply branch 10 has the switching device 2 the first mating contact on the load side 42 ' and the first mating contact on the network side 44 ' on. The mating contacts to be connected are here 42 , 44 or. 42 ' , 44 ' with respect to the axis of rotation D. opposite each other.

In an analogous manner, the switching device 2 to connect the second load connection 14th with the first supply branch 6th the second mating contact on the load side 46 and the second mating contact on the network side 48 on. For connecting the second load connection 14th with the second supply branch 10 has the switching device 2 the second mating contact on the load side 46 ' and the second mating contact on the network side 48 ' on. The mating contacts to be connected are here 46 , 48 or. 46 ' , 48 ' with respect to the axis of rotation D. opposite each other.

In addition, there is between the mating contacts 44 and 44 ' as well as between the mating contacts 48 and 48 ' with respect to the axis of rotation D. each formed a 45 ° angle.

The mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' for switching the first load connection 12th are in a common, perpendicular to the axis of rotation D. oriented (mating contact) plane, the mating contacts 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' for switching the second load connection 14th are arranged in a common further (mating contact) plane that is parallel and spaced apart from this (mating contact) plane. These two levels correspond to the (contact) levels that the contacts 28 the first contact bridge 26th or the second contact bridge 32 exhibit.

As in particular in the 5b can be seen, the switching device 2 a cage-like insulating element 50 on whose pursuit 52 related a direction of rotation around the axis of rotation D. between the ribs 40 the recording 38 are arranged. So is between the rotating cylinder 22nd and the ribs 40 as well as between the rotating cylinder 22nd and the striving 52 an annular (erasing) gap 54 with a gap width b which is less than 200 µm.

Because of such a small gap width b becomes an arc which may be generated (formed) in the gap during a switching process 54 Extended over a comparatively large area and thus cooled. As a result, extinction of the arc is accelerated.

Furthermore, the insulating element 50 to support the extinguishing of the arc that may be formed when switching is made of a material, in particular polyoxymethylene (POM), which emits an extinguishing gas when the arc acts on it.

As in particular in the 2 and 4th can be seen is the first contact bridge 26th and the second contact bridge 32 designed as an omega-shaped leaf spring, so that the contacts 28 resilient in the radial direction R. are adjustable. Thus there is a contact pressure (contact pressure) of the contacts 28 to the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' increased and realized a comparatively reliable electrical contact.

The first contact bridge 26th and the second contact bridge 32 each have two slots 56 on, which extends from the ends of the respective contact bridge 26th or. 32 starting in a spanned by means of this and perpendicular to the axis of rotation D. oriented plane. Because of the slots 56 are at each end of the respective contact bridges 26th or. 32 two parallel legs of the bridge 58 formed, being at each of the bridge legs 58 one of the contacts 28 is arranged. So is on one of the bridge legs 58 one of the contact 28 and on the other side of the bridge another of the contacts 28 arranged. Consequently, the contact pressure of the contacts is uniform 28 against the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' also with along the axis of rotation D. uneven ribs 40 and / or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' enables.

To support the suspension or to increase the radial direction R. on the contacts 28 acting (spring) force is for each contact bridge 26th and 32 an auxiliary spring 60 provided which the ends of the respective associated contact bridge 26th or. 32 with one in the radial direction R. applied with an additional spring force. The auxiliary spring 60 is also omega-shaped and concentric to the associated contact bridge 26th or. 32 arranged and attached to this. For this purpose, the auxiliary spring 60 Noses 62 on which ones in the slots 56 the assigned contact bridge 26th or. 32 are included.

Ribs 40 also have a curvature towards the axis of rotation D. towards (cf. also 8a and 8b) . In other words, the distance is in the radial direction R. end of the respective rib 40 with respect to a direction of rotation about the axis of rotation D. larger than in a central (middle) area of the rib 40 .

In this way, in the course of a rotary movement, the contacts 28 to one of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' down, a pressure of contact 28 against the rib 40 uniformly larger, so that the rotary adjustment evenly due to an accompanying friction between the contact 28 and the rib 40 is braked.

The actuator 18th the switching device 2 has a disc-shaped and is in a perpendicular to the axis of rotation D. extending permanent magnets 64 on, which by means of a holding element 66 non-rotating with the rotating cylinder 22nd is coupled (connected), cf. in particular 2 , 3 , 6a and 6b . For this purpose, the on the lateral surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd molded cylinder shelf 34 a screw mount 68 for a screw 70 on, by means of which the rotary cylinder 22nd on the holding element 66 is screw-fastened. Furthermore, the holding element is 66 by means of bearings 72 rotatable in the housing 36 stored.

Furthermore, the actuator 18th a coil 74 on. This is used to generate a magnetic field, which is due to the interaction with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 64 a rotary adjustment of this and due to the coupling of the rotary cylinder 22nd with the contact bridges incorporated therein 26th and 32 causes. The permanent magnet points to this 64 two semicircular sectors 76 whose magnetic polarization is essentially opposite to one another and parallel to the axis of rotation D. is directed. A parting line T of the two sectors is parallel to the axis of rotation D. , where the axis of rotation D. is arranged in the parting plane.

The axis of the coil 74 extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation D. . The sink 74 comprises a soft magnetic core 75 at both ends of which a pole piece made of a soft magnetic material 77 with one to the permanent magnet 64 is arranged parallel oriented (magnetic pole) surface.

The holding element 66 has a cover formed from a soft magnetic material 78 for the permanent magnet 64 on. Here is the cover 78 at that of the coil 74 remote side of the permanent magnet 64 arranged and covers this side in an (axial) direction parallel to the axis of rotation D. partially. The holding element 66 and in particular its cover 78 serve to guide the magnetic field in the area of the permanent magnet 64 so that when the coil is energized 74 a comparatively fast field displacement of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 64 occurs, which results in a comparatively fast rotation of the permanent magnet 64 results.

The expansion of the cover 78 is less in the axial direction than their expansion in the radial direction. Thus the cover is 78 as flat as possible with respect to a direction along the axis of rotation and reduced its moment of inertia. The cover is used to further reduce the moment of inertia 78 designed stepped. The expansion increases in the axial direction to the axis of rotation D. towards. At most, their expansion is in the axial direction, that is, parallel to the axis of rotation D. however, selected in such a way that sufficient absorption of the magnetic flux for the rotary adjustment can be achieved.

The permanent magnet 64 also has a notch 80 as an assembly aid. This is in the parting line T of the two sectors 76 arranged.

The sink 74 has an inductance less than 0.5 mH and / or an ohmic resistance less than 0.5 Ohm. This enables a comparatively rapid increase in a coil current. Consequently, there is a correspondingly rapid increase in the field strength of the magnetic field generated by the coil when it is energized, and thus a correspondingly rapid rotational adjustment of the permanent magnet with the contact bridges coupled to it in a rotationally fixed manner 26th and 32 realized.

The control unit 20th has not shown and to the coil 74 Connected capacitors, by means of which the coil current can be provided in a correspondingly short time.

The cover 78 has two with respect to the axis of rotation D. Opposite and circular segment-shaped cover recesses 82 on. When the retaining element rotates 66 act the cover recess 82 walls delimiting the respective direction of rotation 84 the cover 78 a stop for a wedge-shaped stop element formed on the housing 86 ( 7th ). This protrudes in the radial direction R. between the walls 84 . In this way there is a rotary movement of the holding element 66 and thus the contact bridges 26th and 32 in both directions of rotation around the axis of rotation D. limited.

The walls 84 are arranged such that the maximum possible angle of rotation of the holding element 66 , here 45 °, between the end positions, i.e. between the maximum possible adjustment positions (deflections) of the two directions of rotation, the angular distances between the first mating contacts on the mains side 44 and 44 ' as well as the network-side second mating contacts 48 and 48 ' to each other with respect to the axis of rotation D. corresponds.

The 8a and 8b show schematically the switching device 2 in a cross section, the cutting plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and through the first mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44` runs. The second mating contacts are accordingly 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' arranged outside this cutting plane. For the purpose of better understanding, these are mating contacts 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' shown dotted.

In the 8a is the position of the first contact bridge 26th corresponding to the first end position with respect to the corresponding direction of rotation about the axis of rotation D. , in which end position a further rotation in this direction of rotation by means of the stop element 86 is prevented. Thereby are by means of the first contact bridge 26th the network-side, the first supply branch 6th assigned, first mating contact 44 and the first mating contact on the load side 42 electrically connected to each other. By turning the rotary cylinder 22nd and thus the first contact bridge 26th in the direction of rotation shown by the arrow (as shown in the 8a counterclockwise) is the electrical connection of the first two mating contacts 42 and 44 Cut.

The 8b shows the position of the first contact bridge 26th corresponding to the second end position with respect to the corresponding direction of rotation about the axis of rotation D. . Here are by means of the first contact bridge 26th that of the second supply branch 10 associated network-side first mating contact 44 ' and the first mating contact on the load side 42 ' electrically connected to each other. By turning the rotary cylinder 22nd and thus the first contact bridge 26th in the direction of rotation shown by the arrow (as shown in the 8b clockwise) the electrical connection of the first two mating contacts 42 ' and 44 ' Cut.

The same applies to the second contact bridge 32 and the second mating contacts 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' .

In summary are the switches 16 each by means of the first contact bridge 26th and the second contact bridge 32 and the contacts arranged at their ends 28 formed so that with a corresponding adjustment position by means of the first contact bridge 26th and by means of the second contact bridge 32 the mating contacts on the mains side 44 , 44 ' , 48 , 48 ' and the corresponding counter contact on the load side 42 , 42 or. 46 , 46 ' are connected to each other.

In the 8c is an alternative embodiment of the switching device 2 shown. Here, the switching device 2 only a first mating contact on the network side 44 and a first mating contact on the load side 42 on, which by means of the first contact bridge 26th can be electrically connected. The statements presented above apply to this embodiment of the switching device 2 analogous. In particular, the rotational movement of the holding element 66 limited in such a way that the first network-side mating contact is in one of the end positions 44 and the first mating contact on the load side 42 by means of the first contact bridge 26th are connected to each other. The two mating contacts are in the other end position 42 and 44 galvanically separated from each other. In summary, the alternative embodiment of the switching device is used 2 according to the 8c so to disconnect or connect the (only) first supply branch 6th from or to the load 4th .

The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention can also be derived from this by the person skilled in the art without departing from the subject matter of the invention. In particular, all of the individual features described in connection with the exemplary embodiments can also be combined with one another in other ways without departing from the subject matter of the invention.

In particular is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd in which recording a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically isolated, and one for switching one for the load 4th provided first load connection 12th from a first supply branch 6th to a second supply branch 10 of the supply network 8th for each of the supply branches 6th , 10 a first mating contact on the load side 42 and one to the respective supply branch 6th , 10 assigned network-side first mating contact 44 are provided.

Furthermore, there is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th and a second contact bridge received therein 32 , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd , in which a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th and two more of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the second contact bridge 32 electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically isolated, between the first contact bridge 26th and the second contact bridge 32 a cylinder floor 34 of the rotary cylinder 22nd is arranged, and wherein the first contact bridge 26th and the second contact bridge 32 with respect to the axis of rotation D. are arranged rotated to each other.

Furthermore, there is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd , in which a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically isolated, the actuator 18th a holding element formed from a soft magnetic material 66 non-rotating with the rotating cylinder 22nd coupled permanent magnets 64 as well as a coil 74 for generation one a rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd having effecting magnetic field, and wherein the permanent magnet 64 Is disc-shaped and is perpendicular to the axis of rotation D. oriented plane extends.

Furthermore, there is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd , in which a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically isolated, the actuator 18th one by means of a holding element 66 non-rotating with the rotating cylinder 22nd coupled permanent magnets 64 as well as a coil 74 to generate a rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd having effecting magnetic field, and wherein the holding element 66 , especially for guiding the magnetic field in the area of the permanent magnet 64 , a cover made of soft magnetic material 78 has which on the the coil 74 remote side of the permanent magnet 64 is arranged and this side of the permanent magnet 64 at least partially covered.

Furthermore, there is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd , in which a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically isolated, the actuator 18th a rotationally fixed with the rotating cylinder 22nd coupled permanent magnets 64 as well as a coil 74 to generate a rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd having effecting magnetic field, the permanent magnet 64 by means of a holding element 66 non-rotating with the rotating cylinder 22nd is coupled, and wherein a rotational movement of the holding element 66 in both directions of rotation around the axis of rotation D. is limited.

Furthermore, there is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd , in which a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically separated, the first contact bridge 26th two slots 56 has, which are each with the formation of corresponding bridge legs 58 from the ends of the corresponding contact bridge 26th , 32 starting in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation D. extend, being at each of the bridge legs 58 a contact 28 is arranged.

Furthermore, there is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd , in which a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically separated, with an auxiliary spring 60 is provided which the ends of the first contact bridge 26th or the second contact bridge 32 with a spring force in a radial direction oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation R. applied.

Furthermore, there is a switching device 2 for switching an electrical load 4th on a supply network 8th to be regarded as an independent invention, which one around an axis of rotation D. rotatably adjustable rotary cylinder 22nd with a lateral surface 24 , an actuator 18th for adjusting the rotation of the rotary cylinder 22nd , one in the rotating cylinder 22nd first contact bridge mounted in a rotationally fixed manner 26th , at each end a contact 28 is arranged, the contacts 28 in a respective recess 30th the outer surface 24 of the rotary cylinder 22nd sit in and over the outer surface 24 stick out, and take a shot 38 for the rotary cylinder 22nd , in which a number of mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' is arranged, the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are arranged such that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder 22nd two of the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' by means of the first contact bridge 26th electrically connected or the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' are electrically separated, the recording 38 ribs directed radially inward 40 has in which the mating contacts 42 , 42 ' , 44 , 44 ' , 46 , 46 ' , 48 , 48 ' at which the axis of rotation D. facing side are arranged, and wherein axial struts 52 a cage-like insulating element 50 between the ribs 40 the recording 38 are arranged.

List of reference symbols

2

Switching device

4th

load

6th

first branch of supply

8th

Supply network

10

second supply branch

12

first load connection

14th

second load connection

16

counter

18th

Actuator

20th

Control unit

22nd

Rotating cylinder

24

Outer surface

26th

first contact bridge

28

Contact

30th

Recess

32

second contact bridge

34

Cylinder shelf

36

casing

38

admission

40

rib

42, 42 '

first mating contact on the load side

44, 44 '

first mating contact on the network side

46, 46 '

second mating contact on the load side

48, 48 '

second mating contact on the mains side

50

Insulating element

52

strut

54

gap

56

slot

58

Bridge legs

60

Auxiliary spring

62

nose

64

Permanent magnet

66

Retaining element

68

Screw mount

70

screw

72

camp

74

Kitchen sink

75

(Coil) core

76

sector

77

Pole piece

78

cover

80

score

82

Cover recess

84

wall

86

Stop element

b

Gap width

D.

Axis of rotation

R.

Radial direction

T

Parting plane

Claims (20)

Switching device (2) for switching an electrical load (4) on a supply network (8), comprising - a rotary cylinder (22) with a circumferential surface (24) which can be rotatably adjusted about an axis of rotation (D), - an actuator (18) for adjusting the rotation of the Rotary cylinder (22), - a first contact bridge (26) held in a rotationally fixed manner in the rotary cylinder (22), at the ends of which a contact (28) is arranged, the contacts (28) being seated in a respective recess (30) in the lateral surface (24) of the rotary cylinder (22) and protrude beyond the lateral surface (24), and - a receptacle (38) for the rotary cylinder (22) in which a number of mating contacts (42, 42 ', 44, 44', 46, 46 ', 48, 48') is arranged in such a way that by rotational adjustment of the rotary cylinder (22) two of the mating contacts (42, 42 ', 44, 44', 46, 46 ', 48, 48') are electrically connected by means of the first contact bridge (26) or the mating contacts ( 42, 42 ', 44, 44', 46, 46 ', 48, 48') are electrically separated. Switching device (2) after Claim 1 , characterized in that for switching a first load connection (12) provided for the load (4) from a first supply branch (6) to a second supply branch (10) of the supply network (8) for each of the supply branches (6, 10) a first mating contact (42) on the load side and a first mating contact (44) on the mains side assigned to the respective supply branch (6, 10) are provided. Switching device (2) after Claim 2 , characterized in that for switching a second load connection (14) provided for the load (4) from the first supply branch (6) to the second supply branch (10) of the supply network (8) a second contact bridge (32) and for each of the supply branches (6 , 10) a second mating contact (46) on the load side and a second mating contact (48) on the mains side assigned to the respective supply branch (6, 10) are provided. Switching device (2) after Claim 3 , characterized - that the second contact bridge (32) is received in the rotary cylinder (22), - that an intermediate cylinder base (34) of the rotary cylinder (22) is arranged between the first contact bridge (26) and the second contact bridge (32), and - that the first contact bridge (26) and the second contact bridge (32) are arranged rotated relative to one another with respect to the axis of rotation (D). Switching device (2) according to one of the Claims 2 to 4th , characterized in that the first mating contacts (44, 42) and the second mating contacts (48, 46) are arranged in mutually parallel and spaced planes which are oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D). Switching device (2) after Claim 1 to 5 , characterized in that the actuator (18) has a permanent magnet (64) coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotary cylinder (22) and a coil (74) for generating a magnetic field causing a rotation of the rotary cylinder (22), the permanent magnet (64) being disk-shaped and extends in a plane oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D). Switching device (2) after Claim 6 , characterized in that the permanent magnet (64) has two, in particular semicircular, sectors (76), the magnetic polarization of the two sectors (76) being directed in or against a direction running parallel to the axis of rotation (D). Switching device (2) after Claim 6 or 7th , characterized in that the permanent magnet (64) is coupled to the rotary cylinder (22) in a rotationally fixed manner by means of a holding element (66). Switching device (2) after Claim 8 , characterized in that the holding element (66), in particular for guiding the magnetic field in the area of the permanent magnet (64), has a cover (78) made of a soft magnetic material, which on the side of the permanent magnet (74) facing away from the coil (74) 64) is arranged and this side of the permanent magnet (64) at least partially covers. Switching device (2) after Claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that a rotational movement of the holding element (66) in both directions of rotation about the axis of rotation (D) is limited. Switching device (2) after Claim 10 , characterized in that, in order to limit the rotational movement of the holding element (66), its cover (78) has a cover recess (82), in particular with respect to the axis of rotation (D), which is in the shape of a segment of a circle - Recess (82) in the direction of rotation limiting walls (84) of the cover (78) form a stop for a stop element (86) which is arranged on a housing (36) receiving the holding element (66). Switching device (2) according to one of the Claims 6 to 11 , characterized in that the coil (74) of the actuator (18) has an inductance less than 0.5 mH and / or an ohmic resistance less than 0.5 ohm. Switching device (2) according to one of the Claims 1 to 12th , characterized in that the first contact bridge (26) and / or the second contact bridge (32) is each designed as a leaf spring, the contacts (28) attached to their ends being adjustable in a resilient manner in the radial direction (R). Switching device (2) after Claim 13 , characterized in that the first contact bridge (26) and / or the second contact bridge (32) each have two slots (56) which each extend from the ends of the corresponding contact bridge (26, 32) to form corresponding bridge legs (58) starting in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (D), a contact (28) being arranged on each of the bridge legs (58). Switching device (2) according to one of the Claim 1 to 14th , characterized by an auxiliary spring (60), which the ends of the first contact bridge (26) or the second contact bridge (32) with a spring force in the radial direction (R) was applied. Switching device (2) according to one of the Claim 1 to 15th , characterized in that the receptacle (38) has radially inwardly directed ribs (40) in which the mating contacts (42, 42 ', 44, 44', 46, 46 ', 48, 48') on the axis of rotation (D ) facing side are arranged. Switching device (2) after Claim 16 , characterized in that the ribs (40) of the receptacle (38) are curved towards the axis of rotation (D). Switching device (2) after Claim 16 or 17th , characterized by a cage-like insulating element (50) with axial struts (52), between which the ribs (40) of the receptacle (38) are arranged. Switching device (2) after Claim 18 , characterized in that between the rotary cylinder (22) and the ribs (40) and between the rotary cylinder (22) and the struts (52) an annular gap (54) is formed, the gap width (b) between 50 µm and 200 µm amounts. Switching device (2) after Claim 18 or 19th , characterized in that the insulating element (50) is formed from a material which emits an extinguishing gas when exposed to an arc which may possibly arise during switching.

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