DE102019203867A1 - Machine component with yoke and conductor winding - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine component (3) for an electrical machine with a central axis (A) is specified. The machine component includes
- a yoke (5) with a plurality of grooves (7)
- and a conductor winding (4),
- wherein the conductor winding (4) has a plurality of electrically interconnected individual waveguide rods (9),
- each waveguide rod (9) consisting of an axially inner inner section (11) and two axially outer outer sections (12) adjoining it,
- The inner sections (11) of the waveguide rods (9) are each designed as straight, axially aligned conductor sections and are embedded in the grooves (7) of the yoke (5),
- The individual waveguide rods (9) each having two opposing axially terminal openings (10),
- The straight inner section (11) of each waveguide rod (9) merging into the adjacent outer sections (12) via two bending points (13).
Furthermore, an electrical machine (51) with such a machine component (3) and a method for producing such a machine component (3) are specified.

Description

The present invention relates to a machine component for an electrical machine with a central axis, comprising a yoke with a plurality of slots and a conductor winding. The invention also relates to an electrical machine with such a machine component and to a manufacturing method for such a machine component.

According to the prior art, distributed windings are used in particular in the stators of electrical machines, in which the individual conductor segments of the winding are embedded in the slots of a stator yoke. However, in the rotor of an electrical machine, such a distributed winding can also be embedded in the slots of a corresponding soft magnetic yoke of the rotor. Such a distributed winding can in principle either be wound from a long continuous conductor or it can be built up by subsequent electrical connection of individual conductor segments. In the last-mentioned variant, in particular, comparatively rigid rods can be used, which can be inserted into the axially extending grooves of the yoke and can be connected to one another afterwards. These rigid rods are often shaped like hairpins, which is why such windings are also referred to as hairpin windings in the specialist field.

It is also known from the prior art to design rod-shaped conductor segments of such a conductor winding as a waveguide and to cool the winding by passing a fluid coolant through the internal channels of the waveguide. The use of such waveguide rods in a distributed winding is for example in the DE 102017204472 A1 described. The waveguide rods described there are designed either as straight or L-shaped tubes or as hairpin-shaped rod segments. Such a hairpin always comprises two straight axial conductor segments, which are then inserted into two separate axial grooves at the same time in the manner of a clamp.

In the DE 102017204472 A1 the concept of a fluidically encapsulated coolant chamber arranged in an axial end region is also described, into which the open ends of the waveguide rods protrude on the open side of the hairpin shape. This ensures that the coolant can be fed from the coolant chamber into a plurality of such waveguide rods at the same time. In order to be able to let the coolant fed in again out of the winding on the axially opposite side, the waveguide rods are each provided with at least one opening on the closed side of the hairpins. Such an outlet opening can be produced, for example, by making a bore on a waveguide rod bent in the shape of a hairpin.

The disadvantage of the hairpin-shaped waveguide rods described according to the prior art is that making the bores for the outlet opening is comparatively complex and difficult. On the one hand, making the hole requires a relatively complex additional process step that can be implemented, for example, by electrical discharge machining or by mechanical drilling. On the other hand, when carrying out this process, a high geometric precision is necessary, which is often difficult to achieve in practice: It has proven difficult to drill the hole so precisely that the internal coolant channel is hit so precisely that an outlet opening with a desired defined opening cross-section arises. This is particularly difficult in the area of the bending points of the conductor, where such an opening should often be arranged in order to position it directly in the axial end area of the winding. In particular, the bending of the conductor can cause large deviations in the exact position of the inner coolant channel from an ideal geometry. Due to these difficulties, no automated drilling process can currently be used in the manufacture of the outlet openings, since the susceptibility to errors is too high.

The object of the invention is therefore to specify a machine component with a conductor winding made of waveguide rods which overcomes the disadvantages mentioned. In particular, a machine component is to be made available whose conductor winding is easier to manufacture in comparison to the prior art. Further objects are to specify an electrical machine with such a machine component and a method for producing such a machine component.

These objects are achieved by the machine component described in claim 1, the electrical machine described in claim 14 and the method described in claim 15.

The machine component according to the invention is for operation in an electrical machine with a central axis A. designed. It comprises a yoke with a plurality of slots and a conductor winding, the conductor winding having a plurality of individual waveguide rods electrically connected to one another. Each waveguide rod consists of an axially inner one Inner section and two adjoining axially outer outer sections. The inner sections of the waveguide rods are each designed as straight, axially aligned conductor sections and embedded in the grooves of the yoke. The individual waveguide rods each have two opposite axially terminal openings. In the case of each waveguide rod, the straight inner section merges into the adjacent outer conductor sections via two bending points.

The conductor winding of the machine component is therefore composed of several individual waveguide rods; in particular, it is subsequently composed of individual prefabricated rod elements. It is therefore not a question of a conductor winding made up of a superordinate, coherent conductor, but rather a conductor winding composed of a plurality of individual rod elements. Each individual waveguide rod should have only one axially inner inner section. The term "axial" here generally refers to the direction of the central axis A. the machine, which, by the way, is also the central axis A. corresponds to the machine component. The one inner section of each waveguide rod should be embedded in an associated groove of the yoke. It should be straight and aligned in the axial direction. Adjacent to this straight inner section, each waveguide rod should have exactly two axially opposite outer sections. There should be a bending point at least at every transition between the inner section and the adjacent outer section. These bending points should be viewed as parts of the respective outer sections, since the inner sections should be straight overall. The formulation that each waveguide rod consists of an inner section and two outer sections is intended in particular to mean that the waveguide rod must not have a second straight, axially inner inner section. The waveguide rod must therefore not be bent back in the shape of a hairpin, since it would then have two such axially inner inner sections. Likewise, there may not be more than two axially outer outer sections which axially flank one inner section. In the hairpin shape known from the prior art, however, there would be three such axially outer outer sections. In short, a single waveguide rod should only form a single axial forward conductor or return conductor of the winding and not a larger section of the winding extending beyond it as in the case of a hairpin conductor. However, it should not be ruled out that the individual outer sections nevertheless have a somewhat more complex shape in themselves, in particular with several bending points per outer section.

The outer sections can therefore optionally have one or more further bends in addition to the bending points described. It is only essential that there is a bend at least in the area of the transition between the inner section and the respectively adjoining outer section. This bending ensures that the inner sections of the individual waveguide rods can be arranged at different circumferential positions of the machine component and that the corresponding distances in the circumferential direction can be at least partially bridged by means of the outer sections. In this way, despite the different circumferential positions of the inner sections, the individual waveguide rods can be connected to form a superordinate conductor winding without the need for particularly long additional connecting elements. In other words, by bending the outer sections, the end regions of the waveguide rods to be electrically connected can be arranged at a comparatively short distance from one another. In particular, an overlap can even be produced in the circumferential direction between the individual axial end regions of the waveguide rods to be connected, so that a distance of zero results when viewed in the circumferential direction. By bending the conductor bars, a connection to a higher-level conductor winding is made possible in a simple manner.

The individual waveguide rods are each designed to be elongated and have a continuous internal channel over their length. The opposite axially terminal openings of the waveguide rods thus result as natural openings in that this channel extends into the end regions of the waveguide rods. There is therefore precisely one such opening in particular for each outer section. These openings enable fluid coolant to be introduced into the interior of the waveguide rods and coolant to be discharged from the interior of the rods. By using the natural openings of the rod ends for this purpose, in particular no additional bores are required in the outer walls of the waveguide rods. This enables a conductor winding to be produced in a simple manner, in which the interior of the waveguide rods can be cooled by a coolant flowing through.

The electrical machine according to the invention has at least one machine component according to the invention. It can in particular be a rotor and / or a stator of the machine. The advantages of the electrical machine result analogously to the described advantages of the machine component, in particular with regard to the ease of manufacture and the possibility of fluid coolant flowing through the winding.

The method according to the invention is used to produce a machine component according to the invention. In the method, a plurality of elongated individual waveguide rods are inserted into the grooves of the yoke. The respective bending point is generated on these waveguide rods at least on one of the two axial sides only after they have been inserted into the grooves of the yoke. The advantages of the method also result analogously to the advantages of the machine component according to the invention described above. In particular, production is comparatively simple.

Advantageous configurations and developments of the invention emerge from the claims dependent on claim 1 and the following description. The described configurations of the machine component, the machine and the manufacturing method can generally be advantageously combined with one another.

It is generally advantageous that the individual waveguide rods are each designed in one piece. In turn, the individual rods should not be composed of separate subsegments. Instead, the shape of a respective waveguide rod should have emerged from a single originally straight, one-piece rod, in particular by bending. This is also intended to clarify that any additional elements such as electrical connecting elements or coolant connection hoses should not be viewed as parts of the respective waveguide rod.

The two outer sections of the individual waveguide rods can preferably each be designed symmetrically to one another. This is intended to mean in particular that the two opposite outer sections of a respective waveguide rod have the same shape and size as one another. In general and regardless of the precise configuration of the outer sections, it is advantageous if at least the opposite end openings of a waveguide rod have the same opening cross section. This results in advantages for a uniform flow of a fluid coolant through the rod.

Particularly advantageously, the individual waveguide rods as a whole can each have either a plane of symmetry or a twofold axis of symmetry. Such a symmetrical configuration of the waveguide rods advantageously also leads to a corresponding symmetry of the superordinate conductor winding and thus expediently to a symmetrical configuration of the electromagnetic interactions during the operation of the corresponding electrical machine.

According to a first preferred embodiment, the two bending points of a respective waveguide rod can have oppositely oriented bending directions, so that the waveguide rod as a whole has a spread Z-shaped basic structure. An advantage of this embodiment is that a wave winding can be implemented with it in a particularly simple manner. In such a wave winding, the electrically interconnected conductor segments of the winding extend in an expanded zigzag pattern over the circumference of the machine component. There is therefore always an offset in the circumferential direction from one axially aligned inner section to the next, the direction of this offset being maintained from inner section to inner section. Such a wave winding can be implemented particularly well with spread Z-shaped conductor segments, since the axially opposite outer sections of a waveguide rod also extend in opposite directions when viewed azimuthally. For the aforementioned “opposite” alignment of the bending directions, it is not absolutely necessary that the two outer sections are exactly 180 ° opposite one another within a plane. Rather, it is sufficient if they are oriented in opposite directions in such a way that they point in opposite circumferential directions when arranged within a cylinder jacket shell. The term “spread Z-shaped” is to be understood here generally to mean that the outer sections with the associated inner section each form an obtuse angle of more than 90 °.

According to an alternative, second preferred embodiment, the two bending points of a respective waveguide rod can, however, also have bending directions aligned on the same side, so that the waveguide rod as a whole has a spread U-shaped basic structure. One advantage of this embodiment is that a loop winding can be implemented in a particularly simple manner. In such a loop winding, the entire winding extends over a plurality of overlapping loops, the position advancing from loop to loop along a predetermined circumferential direction. Such a loop winding can be implemented particularly well with spread U-shaped conductor segments, since the axially opposite outer sections of a waveguide rod extend in the same direction, viewed azimuthally. The feature “spread U-shaped” is to be understood here, analogously to the above, that the outer sections with the associated inner section each form an obtuse angle of more than 90 °. Here, too, the two opposite outer sections do not necessarily have to lie within a plane. They can also be shaped so that the waveguide rod as Can be arranged whole within a cylindrical shell.

In general and independently of the other geometric configuration, the individual waveguide rods can each have a continuous internal channel with a cross-section that is uniform over the length of the waveguide rod. The rod is then designed as a hollow rod over its entire length, in particular the shape and area of the channel cross-section being constant over the length. Advantageously, the entire rod cross-section (that is to say also the shape and size of the rod on its outside) can be constant over the entire length. The cross-sectional shape can in principle be selected as desired and independently of one another, both for the shape of the inner channel and for the outer shape of the waveguide rod. For example, inner and / or outer cross-sectional shapes can be configured as polygonal or round, in particular as rectangular or circular cross-sectional shapes.

According to a first embodiment variant for the shape of the outer sections, these can each have exclusively straight rod segments in addition to their already described bending points. In other words, there is then a kink in the area of the transition to the assigned inner segment, apart from this, however, each outer section is straight. An advantage of this embodiment is that each waveguide rod has a total of only two bending points and is therefore easier to manufacture in comparison to more complex shapes. In this embodiment, the electrical connection of adjacent waveguide rods can be achieved by an X-shaped crossing and subsequent electrical contacting of the outer sections to be connected. In other words, seen in the circumferential direction, there is then an overlap of the end regions of the outer sections.

According to an alternative, second embodiment variant for the shape of the outer sections, these can each have a further curved rod segment in addition to their already described bending points (which are also referred to below as “first bending points”). For example, the first bending point can be followed by a straight rod segment and then a second bending point. A straight rod segment can then follow the second bending point. An advantage of this embodiment with a further bend on each side is that in the end regions of the outer sections there is again an alignment along the central machine axis A. can be achieved. Thus, the outer sections of the waveguide rods to be connected can be guided parallel to one another in their end regions, which allows electrical contact to be made with a larger contact area than with a simple X-crossing.

Regardless of whether the end areas of the outer sections are crossed or guided in parallel, it can be particularly advantageous to provide a bend through which the coolant exiting through the opening is directed in a certain preferred direction. For example, the coolant can be steered in the direction of the machine axis by such a bend so that, for example, an internal rotor of a rotating machine can be cooled with the emerging coolant.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible that the respective outer sections are implemented as a whole as curved conductor sections, in contrast to the above-described alternation of straight sections and smaller-scale bending points.

According to a generally preferred embodiment, each waveguide rod is electrically connected via at least one of its outer sections to an outer section of an adjacent waveguide rod such that a distributed conductor winding is formed overall through the plurality of waveguide rods. Such a distributed conductor winding can optionally also be composed of individual winding groups which do not have to be electrically connected to one another. Within such a winding group, there can in particular be an electrical series connection of the waveguide rods present therein. A superordinate distributed winding is expediently formed from all the waveguide rods, which winding can in particular be designed either as a wave winding or as a loop winding. Generally advantageously and independently of the precise configuration, the conductor winding can be distributed over the entire circumference of the machine component. It is generally also possible here for only some of the conductors to be designed in the manner according to the invention.

In general, the electrical connection of the individual waveguide rods can advantageously be formed by a welding point, a soldering point and / or by clamping and / or screwing with an electrically conductive element. Regardless of the exact configuration of the electrical connection, it can generally advantageously be attached close to the axial end region of the individual waveguide rods, although the terminal opening of the rods is not closed when the electrical connection is established. This can advantageously be achieved by the above-described methods for electrical connection.

According to a further generally preferred embodiment, the Machine component have a first axial end region which is designed as a coolant inlet side for all waveguide rods. For this purpose, the machine component as a whole can be provided with a device for the circulation of fluid coolant, the direction of flow for this coolant within the internal channels of the waveguide rods being the same for all waveguide rods. In other words, the waveguide rods then all have a uniform axial flow direction.

It is particularly preferred if the machine component has a first coolant chamber fluidically encapsulated from its surroundings in at least one of the two axial end regions. This first coolant chamber can, in particular, jointly surround part of the outer sections of the waveguide rods lying in this axial end region, so that a fluid coolant from the coolant chamber can simultaneously be introduced into the interior cavities of the waveguide rods and / or can be diverted from the interior cavities into the coolant chamber. This introduction or discharge of liquid coolant takes place in turn via the terminal openings of the waveguide rods.

Optionally, in the second axial end region, the machine component can have a second coolant chamber that is fluidically encapsulated from its surroundings. This second coolant chamber can surround at least part of the outer sections of the waveguide rods lying in this second axial end area, so that a fluid coolant from the second coolant chamber can be introduced into the inner cavities of the waveguide rods and / or from the inner cavities into the second coolant chamber. In other words, in this embodiment of the machine component, the winding heads of the conductor winding are arranged in both axial end regions within encapsulated winding head chambers. Here, too, the coolant emerging from the internal channels is caught directly in the area of the end windings within an encapsulated chamber on the outlet side, which facilitates the return to a higher-level closed coolant circuit.

Generally advantageously, the machine component can be designed as a stator for an electrical machine. The implementation of the concept according to the invention for the configuration of the conductor winding is particularly advantageous in the case of a stator winding, since distributed windings are used particularly frequently in the stator. Furthermore, the configuration with one or more fluidically encapsulated end winding chambers is much easier to implement in the stationary part of the electrical machine.

According to an alternative advantageous embodiment, the machine component can also be designed as a rotor for an electrical machine. Corresponding distributed conductor windings can also be used for the rotor winding, and here, too, the use of one or more fluidically encapsulated end winding chambers for the common introduction (and / or discharge) of coolant into the waveguide rods is possible.

According to a first advantageous variant of the production method, the waveguide rods can initially be inserted into the grooves of the yoke as straight rods. In this variant, they are only bent on both axial sides after they have been inserted. The bending points are therefore only created on both axial sides after they have been inserted into the grooves of the yoke. An advantage of this embodiment is that the production of the final shape on both axial sides of the machine component can take place with the same process and thus the superordinate conductor winding can be designed particularly symmetrically.

In this embodiment of the method, it is expedient if the electrical connection of the individual waveguide rods only takes place after the bending points have been produced on both axial sides of the winding. This has the effect that the electrical connection can also be configured symmetrically on both axial sides.

According to an alternative, second advantageous variant of the production method, the bending points can also initially be produced on an axial side of the waveguide rods. Following the one-sided bending, the waveguide rods are then inserted into the grooves of the yoke. Following the insertion, the bending point is then generated on the opposite axial side. An advantage of this embodiment can be seen in the fact that the production of the bending points on the first axial side may be easier if the rods have not yet been inserted into the grooves.

In this second embodiment of the method, it is possible, on the one hand, for the electrical connection to take place on both axial sides only after the final geometric shape has been produced. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to first make the electrical connections (before or after inserting them into the slots) only on one axial side of the winding, then to add the bending points on the opposite axial side and then also to add the electrical connections on this side Create connections.

• 1 eine schematische perspektivische Teildarstellung einer Maschinenkomponente nach dem Stand der Technik zeigt,
• 2 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines haarnadelförmigen Leiterstabs nach dem Stand der Technik zeigt,
• 3 zwei einzelne Hohlleiterstäbe aus einer Maschinenkomponente nach einem ersten Beispiel der Erfindung zeigt,
• 4 zwei einzelne Hohlleiterstäbe aus einer Maschinenkomponente nach einem zweiten Beispiel der Erfindung zeigt und
• 5 eine elektrische Maschine im schematischen Längsschnitt zeigt.

The invention is described below with the aid of some preferred exemplary embodiments Described with reference to the attached drawings in which:

• 1 shows a schematic perspective partial representation of a machine component according to the prior art,
• 2 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a hairpin-shaped conductor bar according to the prior art,
• 3 shows two individual waveguide rods from a machine component according to a first example of the invention,
• 4th shows two individual waveguide rods from a machine component according to a second example of the invention and
• 5 shows an electrical machine in a schematic longitudinal section.

Identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

In 1 FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective partial illustration of a machine component according to the prior art, as shown in FIG DE 102017204472 A1 is described. This machine component can in particular as in 3 and 4th shown can be modified by the concept of the present invention. The machine component here is a stator 3 which can radially surround an inner rotor, not shown here, within an electrical machine. The stator 3 has a central axis A. which also corresponds to the central machine axis in the electrical machine.

The stator shown here 3 has a yoke 5 with a variety of grooves 7th on. In these grooves 7th is the stator winding in the form of a distributed conductor winding 4th inserted. This conductor winding 4th is made from individual hairpin-shaped waveguide rods 8th assembled and forms a wave winding. For the sake of clarity, in 1 only a small part of the distributed conductor winding 4th shown, namely a complete hairpin-shaped waveguide rod 8th and portions of two similar waveguide rods adjacent thereto. In the full conductor winding 4th but in reality all grooves (for example in two or more layers) with such hairpin-shaped waveguide rods 8th filled, which are electrically connected to one another to form a higher-level winding. This winding can also be electrically divided into individual winding groups.

The conductor winding 4th has an axially inner area 26th on and two adjoining axially terminal areas 25th and 27 . In the axially inner area 26th exhibit the hairpin-shaped waveguide rods 8th each straight conductor segments, which in the grooves 7th of the yoke 5 lie and in the axial direction A. are aligned. These straight conductor segments are responsible for most of the electromagnetic interaction in the electrical machine. In contrast, lie in the two axial end regions 25th and 27 curved sections of the ladder bar 8th before, since the different circumferential positions of the straight inner conductor segments have to be bridged in order to create a higher-level conductor winding overall 4th to build. In the axial end area shown on the left 27 there is a clamp-shaped connecting segment, which is an integral part of the hairpin-shaped waveguide rod 8th is. No electrical contacts have to be added here afterwards. In the axial end area shown on the right 25th however, the end pieces of the adjacent hairpin-shaped conductor bars must only be connected subsequently. For this purpose, the outermost end pieces of the conductors to be connected are laid on top of one another running parallel following a second bend and are electrically connected to one another there. In this first axial end area 25th is an annular and encapsulated first coolant chamber 23 in front. From this first coolant chamber 23 a fluid coolant can enter the terminal openings at a comparatively high pressure 10 of the hairpin-shaped ladder bars 8th be fed in. These openings 10 arise as natural terminal openings of the hairpin-shaped waveguide rods.

In the opposite second axial end area 27 there is also an annular and encapsulated second coolant chamber 24 which corresponds to the low-pressure side of the cooling circuit. The hairpin-shaped conductor bars are used to let the coolant escape from the waveguide rods on this side 8th also with openings on this side 10 Mistake. These openings were made subsequently by making appropriate holes in the area of the hairpin-shaped kinks in the conductor bars. These holes 10 are in the left part of the 1 marked by two corresponding points. The subsequent installation of these bores in the kink area of the waveguide rod brings with it the disadvantages described above, in particular with regard to the additional manufacturing step and the difficulties in adhering to predetermined geometric tolerances for the outlet opening.

In 2 Figure 3 is a schematic perspective illustration of a single hairpin-shaped conductor bar 8th shown according to the prior art. In particular, it is a conventional conductor bar 8th as he did in the machine component 3 of the 1 is used. As in 2 shown, has a single such conductor bar 8th two straight axially inside Interior sections 11 on and a total of three end outer sections adjoining it on the right and left 12th . The outer section shown on the left 12th bridges the distance between the two inner sections like a clip 11 . At the outermost click of this bracket segment is the ladder rod with the holes already described above 10 provided, which serve as coolant outlet openings. On the side shown on the right, the two outer sections form 12th the ends of the waveguide rod so that the two openings are here 10 result as natural openings in the internal coolant duct. The direction of flow of coolant through this conductor bar is in 2 indicated by corresponding arrows.

3 shows two individual waveguide rods 9 as they are in a machine component 3 can be used according to a first example of the invention. This machine component 3 for example, the in 1 shown stator 3 correspond, although the conventional hairpin-shaped waveguide rods present there 8th by two of the in 3 shown simpler waveguide rods 9 are replaced. Apart from this modification, however, the machine component 3 according to the first example of the invention exactly that in 1 machine component shown 3 correspond. It should therefore be a stator of an electrical machine, this stator 3 with two terminal coolant chambers 23 and 24 is provided to fluid coolant on the first side 25th at the same time in the openings 10 of the waveguide rods and on the opposite side 27 at the same time to lead out of these. The axially inner inner sections should also be used here 11 of the individual waveguide rods in the grooves 7th of the yoke 5 be embedded.

In contrast to the conventional design of the conductor winding 4th In the first exemplary embodiment of the invention, this is not made up of hairpin-shaped waveguide rods, but rather a number of simpler waveguide rods that is twice as large 9 composed. As in 3 shown, each of these waveguide rods 9 exactly one straight axially inner inner section 11 on. In addition, it has exactly two oppositely adjacent outer sections 12th on. Each of these outer sections 12th points in the area of the transition to the straight inner section 11 a first bending point 13 on. These bends bridge the different circumferential positions of the inner sections 11 allows, so that the individual waveguide rods electrically to a higher-level conductor winding 4th can be connected. In the first exemplary embodiment of the invention, this connection is only established on both axial sides of the machine component through subsequent electrical connection of the prefabricated waveguide rods 9 created. To make this easier, use the example of 3 the individual waveguide rods 9 a second bending point in each of their axial end regions 15th on. The axially terminal conductor segments that follow this second bending point can, as in the left part of FIG 3 shown for the waveguide rods to be connected 9 be arranged parallel to each other and one above the other. This creates an electrical connection area 17th formed in which there is a comparatively large contact area. In this electrical connection area 17th can the two adjacent waveguide rods 9 be conductively connected to one another, for example, by welding or soldering or by some other type of electrical contact.

Analogous to the in 1 The structure shown here should also include the inner sections 11 in the grooves 7th of the yoke 5 be embedded. The starting element for producing the final shape of the individual waveguide rods is a straight rod, as shown in FIG 3 is indicated by the dashed lines. During production, the procedure can either be that these straight rods are first inserted into the grooves of the yoke and only then are bent on both sides in similar process steps. Alternatively, it is also possible that the bending points 13 and 15th are first generated on one axial side, the rods are then inserted into the grooves and only then are the necessary bending points on the opposite axial side 13 and 15th be generated.

The various possible variants have in common that the preformed waveguide rods 9 each have the shape of an expanded Z, with the very outer end pieces being provided with an additional kink. The individual waveguide rods are expediently shaped essentially symmetrically, the Z-shaped geometry shown here having a twofold axis of symmetry.

Instead of the Z-shaped geometry shown here, however, it is also possible and under certain circumstances advantageous if the outer sections 12th modified from the example of 3 each in the same directions from the associated inner section 11 Bend away so that an overall straight U-shaped geometry is formed. Such a shape can be advantageous, for example, for the formation of a distributed loop winding.

In contrast to the in 2 The prior art shown have the waveguide rods 9 of the 3 natural openings in both axial end areas 10 which appear as continuations of the inner channel of the respective waveguide rod surrender. One advantage of this is that the difficult process step for the subsequent drilling of holes on the waveguide rods is no longer necessary. Another advantage is that the conductor bars have openings on both axial sides 10 have a comparable opening cross-section.

In 4th shows two individual waveguide rods from a machine component according to a second example of the invention. In this example, too, the machine component is essentially as in 1 shown, but again the conventional hairpin-shaped waveguide rods present there 8th by two of the in 4th shown simpler waveguide rods 9 are replaced. Similar to the example of the 3 are also here the individual waveguide rods 9 generated by subsequent bending of originally straight waveguide rods. In contrast to the 3 each waveguide rod 9 but only two first kinks 13 on. These first kinks are each part of the outer sections 12th and each lie in the area of the transition to the adjacent inner section 11 . The additional second kinks 15th are omitted in the example of 4th so that the outer sections are each designed as straight conductor sections following the described first kinks. The individual waveguide rods 9 so each have the shape of an extended Z, without additional kinks. This simpler shape leads to a simplified manufacturing process. Despite the simpler shape, an electrical connection area can also be used here 17th be created by a corresponding crossing of the terminal conductor sections. There is also a sufficient electrical contact area here to create electrical contact by welding or soldering or some other type of connection. The advantages in terms of simple production, the symmetry of the openings 10 and also with regard to the symmetry of the conductor winding 4th overall are therefore similar in both exemplary embodiments.

In 5 is an electrical machine 51 according to an embodiment of the invention shown in schematic longitudinal section. This electric machine 51 includes a rotor 57 and a stator 3 . The rotor 57 is by means of a rotor shaft 59 around an axis of rotation A. rotatably mounted, this axis of rotation corresponding to the central axis of the machine and thus also of the stator. The rotor shaft is for this purpose 59 about the camp 60 against the machine housing 61 supported. The electrical machine can in principle be a motor or a generator or a machine that can be operated in both modes.

In the example shown is the stator 3 designed as a machine component according to the concept of the present invention. This stator 3 has a stator winding 4th with a plurality of conductor turns in the form of a distributed winding over the circumference of the stator 3 are arranged. The stator winding 4th also be divided into several closed circumferential segments. The stator winding 4th is embedded in the grooves of a laminated stator core, which is located in an axially inner area 16 of the stator 3 is arranged and as a yoke 5 works. Especially those in the axially inner area 26th arranged parts of the stator winding 4th occur when operating the electrical machine 51 in electromagnetic interaction with a field of the rotor. This is the rotor 57 equipped with a field excitation, not shown here for the sake of clarity. This interaction takes place via an air gap 56 away, the radial between the rotor 57 and stator 3 lies.

The stator winding 4th is made from individual waveguide rods 9 composed, which, for example, similar to the 3 or 4th can be designed. The arrangement of these waveguide rods 9 in the yoke 5 can be designed similarly as in 1 shown, but with appropriately modified waveguide rods. In contrast to the stator 3 of the 1 indicates the stator the 5 however, only a first encapsulated coolant chamber 23 on, which in the first axial end region 25th is arranged. At the opposite axial end area 27 , i.e. on the coolant outlet side, are the winding heads 4a the conductor winding 4th here unencapsulated. The coolant escaping here 61 however, is in a collection area 63 collected and fed back into the coolant circuit from here.

With the machine of the 5 so is just the stator 3 designed as a machine component according to the concept of the present invention. Alternatively or in addition, however, it is also possible that the rotor 57 is designed according to the concept of the present invention. The advantages of the invention also apply analogously to a corresponding rotor winding and its cooling with a liquid coolant.

List of reference symbols

3

stator

4th

Conductor winding

4a

Winding heads

4b

axially inner winding section

5

yoke

7th

Groove

8th

hairpin-shaped ladder stick

9

Waveguide rod

10

opening

11

Interior section

12

Outer section

13

first bending point

15th

second bending point

16

straight end section

17th

electrical connection area

23

first coolant chamber

24

second coolant chamber

25th

first axial end area

26th

axially inner area

27

second axial end area

51

electric machine

56

Air gap

57

rotor

59

Rotor shaft

60

camp

61

Machine housing

61

Coolant

63

Collection area

A.

central axis

r

radial direction

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Patent literature cited

• DE 102017204472 A1 [0003, 0004, 0038]

Claims (15)

Machine component (3) for an electrical machine with a central axis (A), comprising, - a yoke (5) with a plurality of grooves (7) - and a conductor winding (4), - wherein the conductor winding (4) has a plurality of electrically interconnected individual waveguide rods (9), - wherein each waveguide rod (9) consists of an axially inner inner section (11) and two axially outer outer sections (12) adjoining it, - The inner sections (11) of the waveguide rods (9) are each designed as straight, axially aligned conductor sections and are embedded in the grooves (7) of the yoke (5), - The individual waveguide rods (9) each having two opposing axially terminal openings (10), - The straight inner section (11) of each waveguide rod (9) merging into the adjacent outer sections (12) via two bending points (13). Machine component (3) after Claim 1 , in which the individual waveguide rods (9) are each formed in one piece. Machine component (3) according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , in which the two outer sections (12) of the individual waveguide rods (9) are each formed symmetrically to one another. Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the two bending points (13) of a respective waveguide rod (9) have oppositely aligned bending directions, so that the waveguide rod (9) overall has a spread Z-shaped basic structure. Machine component (3) according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , in which the two bending points (13) of a respective waveguide rod (9) have bending directions aligned on the same side, so that the waveguide rod (9) as a whole has a spread U-shaped basic structure. Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the individual waveguide rods (9) each have a continuous internal channel with a cross-section that is uniform over the length. Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the outer sections (12) of the individual waveguide rods (9) in addition to their respective bending points (13) each have exclusively straight rod segments. Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the outer sections (12) of the individual waveguide rods (9) each have a further curved rod segment in addition to their respective bending points (13). Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, in which each waveguide rod (9) is electrically connected via at least one of its outer sections (12) to an outer section (12) of an adjacent waveguide rod (9) in such a way that the plurality of waveguide rods ( 9) a distributed conductor winding (4) is formed. Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the electrical connection (17) of the individual waveguide rods (9) is formed by a welding point, a soldering point, and / or by clamping and / or screwing with an electrically conductive element. Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, - which has a first axial end region (25) which is designed as a coolant inlet side for all waveguide rods (9), - And which has an opposite, second axial end region (27) which is designed as a coolant outlet side for all waveguide rods (9). Machine component (3) after Claim 11 which at least in one of the two axial end regions (25) of the machine component has a first coolant chamber (23) which is fluidically encapsulated from its surroundings and which shares at least part of the outer sections (12) of the waveguide rods (9) lying in this axial end region (25) surrounds, - so that a fluid coolant (61) can be introduced from the coolant chamber (23) via the openings (10) into the waveguide rods (9) and / or discharged from the waveguide rods (9) into the coolant chamber (23). Machine component (3) according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed as a stator (3) for an electrical machine (51). Electric machine (51) with a machine component (3) according to one of the Claims 1 to 13 . Method for producing a machine component (3) according to one of the Claims 1 to 14th - in which a plurality of elongated individual waveguide rods (9) are inserted into the grooves (7) of the yoke (5) - and in which the respective bending point (13) is produced on these waveguide rods (9) at least on one of the two axial sides only after insertion into the grooves (7) of the yoke (5).

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