DE102019203505A1 - Overvoltage protection device arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to overvoltage protection device arrangement with a carrying device (1).

Description

The invention relates to overvoltage protection device arrangements.

Background of the invention

Overvoltage protection devices are used in a wide variety of AC systems. The circuits used differ depending on the system.

In order to protect a system or installation from external overvoltages, overvoltage protection devices are often used at the beginning of the wiring. For example, in a domestic installation, such overvoltage protection devices are used in the so-called main power supply system or immediately after the meter.

The use of overvoltage protection devices can also be prescribed normatively.

In order to provide good protection, the connection length of the system to be protected, e.g. the low-voltage power supply to keep about the respective overvoltage protection device to a potential equalization low because long connection lengths lead to an inductive voltage drop, which contribute to a reduction of the protection level.

In previous installations surge protection devices are often found, which are applied to a top hat rail, wherein the electrical contacting takes place by means of suitable supply and discharge lines.

In such a constellation can not be ruled out that the connecting lines are so long that the protection level is impaired or the effect is almost completely prevented. That is, the presence of such a surge protector without knowledge of the wiring simulates a false security.

In order to minimize the influence of the connecting leads for a subsequent installation, the so-called V-wiring is occasionally used, in which the overvoltage protection device is not connected via a spur line, but where the supply side as well as the installation side are connected directly to the overvoltage protection device.

However, such a V-wiring high demands on the mechanical design of the conductor terminals and the operating current carrying capacity of all electrical connections, since in such an installation, the terminals are flowed through by the operating current and may cause excessive heating of the surge protective device in normal operation.

In order to avoid these problems, it has already been proposed in the past to apply overvoltage protection devices directly to a busbar system and thus without external connection cables. The resulting low connection inductance ensures that only slight inductive voltage drops occur during a discharge process, even with the largest surge current values.

For example, for so-called type 1 arresters (eg according to DIN VDE 0100-443 (VDE 0100-443): 2007-06 or IEC 60364-4-44: 2001-08 or DIN VDE 0110 / IEC Publication 664) often spark gap-based arrester used.

In order to achieve better protection levels with the spark gaps, these spark gaps are wired with external trigger circuits, which enable the spark gaps to be ignited at lower voltages.

These trigger circuits must be in electrically conductive connection with the spark gaps. The trigger circuit of spark gaps is contacted directly on the outer casing of the spark gaps, as this is connected to the corresponding trigger electrode.

The contacting of the spark gap housing is realized by means of pressure contact via spring elements. For these spring elements, there are various embodiments, for example: spring-mounted pins, compression springs, leaf springs, spring clips, etc.

For example, is from the DE 10 2004 037 083 A1 a ready-made device known, which can be applied to a busbar system. All devices are integrated in this device. If one of the overvoltage protection devices fails, the device is still usable for the other lines, but in the actual sense this is no longer a protective function. Since the device is fully integrated to provide a low level of protection, individual overvoltage protection devices can not be replaced. Thus, the user must replace the entire device in case of failure, which leads to high costs.

For example, is from the DE 200 04 593 U1 the applicant already known a busbar system with surge protection. There is an adapter bridge with electrical Proposed connecting devices to the busbars on which the overvoltage protection devices can be plugged replaceable.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a further developed overvoltage protection device assembly suitable for direct mounting on a multi-busbar busbar system, wherein the assembly is easy and without a separate tool, i. very user-friendly, can go on. In the specified arrangement, the assembly should be possible under tension.

The object is achieved by an overvoltage protection device arrangement according to the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are in particular subject of the dependent claims.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Aspektes von Ausführungsformen der Erfindung,
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Aspektes von weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung,
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Aspektes von noch weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung,
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines Aspektes gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, und
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines Aspektes gemäß noch einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. In these shows:

• 1 a schematic representation of an aspect of embodiments of the invention,
• 2 a schematic representation of an aspect of further embodiments of the invention,
• 3 a schematic representation of an aspect of still further embodiments of the invention,
• 4 a schematic representation of an aspect according to another embodiment of the invention, and
• 5 a schematic representation of an aspect according to yet another embodiment of the invention.

Hereinafter, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS 1-5 being represented. It should be noted that different aspects are described, which can be used individually or in combination. That is, any aspect may be used with different embodiments of the invention, unless explicitly illustrated as a pure alternative.

Furthermore, in the following, for the sake of simplicity, usually only one entity will be referred to. Unless explicitly stated, however, the invention may also have several of the entities concerned. As such, the use of the words "a," "an" and "an" is to be understood merely as an indication that at least one entity is used in a simple embodiment.

As far as methods are described below, the individual steps of a method in any order can be arranged and / or combined, as far as the context does not explicitly result in something different. Furthermore, unless expressly stated otherwise, the processes can be combined with one another.

Figures with numerical values are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of +/- 1% up to +/- 10%.

References to standards or specifications or standards shall be construed as references to standards or specifications or standards in force at the time of the application and / or, if a priority is claimed, at the time of the priority application. However, this is not a general exclusion of applicability to subsequent or replacement standards or specifications or standards.

In a first embodiment of the invention, an overvoltage protection device arrangement is provided. The overvoltage protection device arrangement has a carrying device 1 on. The support device can provide, for example as a (single or multi-part) element, a mechanical attachment to the busbars, wherein the at least one overvoltage protection device SPD on the carrying device 1 or can be fixed in a housing. That is, the carrying device is a mechanical connection.

Thus, for example, already available plug-type overvoltage protection devices SPD be used for this purpose. As a result, significant cost advantages can be realized with great flexibility and low-inductance / shock-current resistant connection.

Depending on the configuration of the overvoltage protection devices and the busbars, it may be provided that in the carrying device 1 or at the overvoltage protection devices SPD even external connection means are provided for contacting the respective busbar in the grid spacing of the busbar system. That is, the overvoltage protection device arrangement is suitable for direct mounting on a busbar system with multiple busbars, eg PE ; L ₁ ; L ₂ ; L ₃ , N.

Due to the design of the external connection means as a coupling-like means, both an electrical and an (additional) mechanical connection can be provided.

At the bottom of the carrying device 1 Be provided at a distance of the busbars of the busbar system extending groove-shaped recesses or recesses, which are indirectly or directly attached and / or guided in these spring contact elements.

How out 1 the overvoltage protection device can be seen SPD separated from the carrying device 1 (de) to be mounted.

Without further ado, in this approach, for example, an ignition circuit / trigger circuit can be electrically pre-assembled or plugged / replaced on the carrying device 1 be provided.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, which in 2 is shown, the overvoltage protection device arrangement again has a support device 1 on. Furthermore, the overvoltage protection device arrangement has at least one overvoltage protection device SPD on, with the overvoltage protection device SPD can be fixed on the carrying device or in a housing and provided with external connection means.

Thus, the overvoltage protection device arrangement is suitable for direct mounting on a busbar system with multiple busbars PE ; L ₁ ; L ₂ ; L ₃ ,

At or in the bottom of the carrying device 1 are arranged in the grid spacing of the busbar system coupling-type means for electrical and mechanical connection. These coupling-type means can be connected directly to the overvoltage protection devices SPD be arranged and extend through openings in the support means.

In the bottom side (side towards the busbars) of the carrying device 1 are groove-shaped recesses or recesses 5 provided, wherein in these spring contact elements 6 attached and / or guided, wherein the recesses or recesses 5 have at least two different distances. Ie A ₁ ≠ A ₂ and / or A ₄ ≠ A ₃ , etc.

As a result, for example, the side contact protection on the protective conductor / equipotential bonding PE omitted, as there are generally no dangerous voltages to be expected. As a result, for example, due to the asymmetrical design, an optical indication of a correct mounting position can be given. In addition, can be improved by a suitable arrangement, the stability with low material usage. For example, in 2 the recess 5 arranged so that the material wall, which provides a contact protection and / or spark arrester, as close to the power rail N and or L ₃ is arranged. That is, the outer walls can be used to improve mechanical stability, while the inner material walls, for example, provide only spark protection.

In an embodiment of the invention, which in 3 is shown, extending at a distance of the busbars of the busbar system extending L-shaped recesses 5 provided, wherein in these spring contact elements 6 attached and guided. Such L-shaped recesses provide a high mechanical stability.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, which in 4 is shown, the spring contact elements 6 in the carrying device 1 / arranged the housing. However, the spring contact elements 6 directly electrically as well as mechanically with a respective overvoltage protection device SPD and thereby become within the openings in the carrying device 1 / led to the housing.

That is, this structure is particularly inexpensive to produce, since now a self-fixation by eg a prefabricated wiring / board with surge protection devices SPD and the respective spring contact elements are provided thereon. For example, a spring contact element 6 and an overvoltage protection device SPD be connected by means of a screw. For this purpose, suitable external or internal thread, screws and nuts may be provided for countering.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, which in 5 is shown, at least one fixing element F _1..3 provided with the overvoltage protection device arrangement is releasably fixable on the busbar system.

The fixation element F ₁ can, for example, provide a latch like a latch (see 5 ). Alternatively or additionally, by a rotatable fixing element F2 a lock will be provided. Alternatively or additionally, by a deformable fixation element F ₃ a lock will be provided.

For example, the fixation element F ₃ a (elastically deformable) projection in the locking area. The fixing elements may have additional spring elements.

Without limitation of generality, this fixation element F ₁ acting on a busbar or on several busbars. Furthermore, without limiting the generality, a plurality of identical or different fixing elements F can be provided.

In embodiments of the invention, it can also be provided that the fixing element has a prestressed holder, wherein the prestressed holder can be released by means of an opening device. Furthermore, it can also be provided without limiting the generality that an ejection element is provided with which the overvoltage protection device arrangement can be detached from the busbar system.

Furthermore, in all embodiments, at least a part of the electrical connections may be formed with low inductance. For example, the shortest possible connecting pieces can be used. In addition, the spring contact elements 6 directly on a corresponding overvoltage protection device SPD be arranged.

Furthermore, in all embodiments, at least a part of the electrical connections can be formed shock-current resistant. For this purpose, suitable conductor cross sections may be selected.

Furthermore, the carrying device 1 be executed as part of a housing. Thus, for example, both a part and all elements can be provided prefabricated in the housing. However, it can also be provided that, for example, individual elements, such as overvoltage protection devices SPD plug-like and are thus carried out independently changeable.

Of particular interest is that the overvoltage protection devices SPD and thus the arrangement according to the invention for the protection of low-voltage supply systems are designed.

Low voltage refers to AC voltages up to 1000 volts and DC voltages up to 1500 volts. The range of low voltage includes low voltage, for example, the 230/400 volt networks. Legal regulations of low-voltage systems are specified, for example, in the context of the Low Voltage Directive, see eg DIN EN 50110-1: 2014 Operation of electrical installations - Part 1: General requirements; German version EN 50110-1: 2013 . DIN EN 50110-2: 2011 Operation of electrical installations - Part 2: National annexes; German version EN 50110-2: 2010 ,

Furthermore, a variety of overvoltage protection devices SPD to provide. As a rule, the number of overvoltage protection devices SPD less than the number of busbars. However, it can also be provided that instead of an overvoltage protection device SPD an overvoltage protection ensemble with a parallel and / or series connection of similar or different overvoltage protection devices is used or additional SPD For example, for a direct protection between two phases (eg L ₁ - L ₂ ) are used.

That conventional circuits can be realized with the invention.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the busbar system is a DC system, a two-wire AC system or a multi-conductor AC system.

Without limiting the generality, the invention is not limited to AC systems (two-, three- or multi-conductor system), but can equally apply to DC systems.

A significant advantage of the invention is that the contacting of the overvoltage protection device arrangement and located in these overvoltage protection devices on the busbar assembly is both electrically and mechanically fixed via the coupling system.

In the embodiments of the invention no auxiliary tools are needed for this coupling system. The mechanical fixing and the electrical contacting of the overvoltage protection devices is often done by locking the contact elements with the busbar system.

As a result, both short assembly times and a largely independent of the profile and the positioning of the busbar to be contacted possible mounting operations can be achieved.

In embodiment of the invention, the coupling-type means comprise spring elements and at least one latching.

At the bottom of the carrier device 1 can tongue-like projections are provided as arc fault protection in the area between the busbars of the busbar system, so that even in the case of the occurrence and discharge of surge currents damaging the actual Busbar system can be effectively prevented by arcing.

At the bottom of the carrier device 1 can be provided in the distance of the busbars of the busbar system extending, groove-shaped recesses or such recesses, which can be fixed in these recesses / recesses spring contact elements.

In a first, outer-side recess, a spring contact element can be fixed, which presses a first bus bar clampingly against the horizontal return surface, wherein the spring contact element has an open arch shape for inserting and receiving the corresponding bus bar.

At a second, outside recession, which is opposite to the first recess, a detent may be located. This locking lug surrounds another bus bar in the mounted state, at least partially on the underside, and thus holds the entire overvoltage protection device arrangement on the busbar system.

Between the first and the second outer-side recess further groove-shaped, parallel recesses can be present in the carrier plate. These can accommodate the other busbars of the busbar system.

In or on the second outside recess and / or the further parallel recesses, special, e.g. V-shaped spring contact elements may be provided, which contact the respective busbar both laterally, vertically and also on the surface side, horizontally and thus enable a multiple current transition.

The spring contact force of the V-shaped spring contact elements can act between the support means or recess surface and the respective surface of the bus bar, which reduces the contact junction resistance and enables secure contacting and fastening even with tolerances of the overall system.

The V-shaped spring contact elements may have a laterally extending from a leg, arcuate resilient contact surface. The further leg of the V-shaped spring contact elements can be guided with its free end in a Federbefestigungsnut and fixed there.

At the latching nose side of the support plate opposite a stop can be provided. For mounting the overvoltage protection device arrangement with this stop in tilted or angular position, preferably in contact with a PE -Stromschiene be brought, which then comes already by clamping with the resident in the local spring contact element in connection.

Following this, the entire arrangement can be moved further in the direction of the busbar system, with the result that now the other spring contact elements come into contact with the respective busbars. At the end of this movement process, the mentioned locking lug, which preferably has a wedge-shaped or oblique sliding surface, can reach a position on the outer busbar and can slide along it until the latching position is reached.

Optionally, the detent may also have a stored leg which is under spring tension so that it assumes the detent position. In this case, the disassembly of the device can be done under manual operation of the release lever, which thereby unlocks the catch.

In the event of disassembly of the overvoltage protection device arrangement, a slight lateral displacement can be made until the locking lug out of contact with the associated busbar. Due to the force of the spring contact elements, the arrangement can now easily stand out and can then be removed in the opposite way by tilting and pushing back from the busbar system. The use of any tools is not necessary.

Between the stop inner side and the spring contact element may be provided in the first outer-side recess an elastic member for the purpose of horizontal displacement or tolerance compensation of the busbar system. This elastic member can be arranged as a discrete part, but also integral with the spring contact element located there, i. as part of this, be executed.

The spring elements can have a shape which builds up a magnetic field during the current flow in the event of an overvoltage contact force. The profiling of the spring elements or the spring contact elements allows, as already mentioned, a multiple current transition to the busbar system and thus ensures the required surge current resistance.

During assembly, the overvoltage protection device arrangement to be installed, for example, in an inclined position on the PE Fixed the rail and pushed it down so far down the opposite side a locking is effective. This can be done via the spring elements an all-pole, shock current resistant contacting.

To a different profiling or deviating positions of the individual busbars PE . L1 . L2 and L3 to contact, the contact pressure of the spring elements can act in the horizontal and in the vertical direction. An arc fault protection 4 , realized by a partitioning between the contacts, can prevent that by spraying effects individual arcs of arcing can arise between the contacts.

The contact force in the embodiments may not only be dependent on the mechanical force effect, but may additionally be influenced in a positive manner by the force effect of the magnetic field emanating from the lightning current through which the conductor flows. The profiling of the contact springs can be realized in many ways. Thus, specially shaped contact springs provide a multiple current transition, which is to be regarded as an advantage over arrangements with individual contacts.

As a contact material, a material having spring properties can be used, which simultaneously has a very good electrical conductance to achieve a low contact transition resistance. For example, reference is here to copper beryllium.

To ensure interchangeability or position change of the overvoltage protection device, it is possible to choose contact material which is as free of burn-on as possible.

As far as reference has been made above to spark gaps, the invention is not limited thereto. Rather, any type of surge protection device, e.g. Varistors, Gasableitern, TVS diodes, etc. find use.

Furthermore, the overvoltage protection device can have a starting aid. The ignition aid can eg on the overvoltage protection device SPD be disengaged.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

support means

SPD

Overvoltage protection device

N, PE; L _1..3

busbars

4

arc protection

5

Recess / recess

6

Spring contact element

F _1..3

Fixation element

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102004037083 A1 [0015]
• DE 20004593 U1 [0016]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN VDE 0100-443 (VDE 0100-443): 2007-06 [0011]
• DIN VDE 0110 / IEC [0011]
• DIN EN 50110-1: 2014 [0049]
• EN 50110-1: 2013 [0049]
• DIN EN 50110-2: 2011 [0049]
• EN 50110-2: 2010 [0049]

Claims (14)

Overvoltage protection device arrangement with a carrying device (1) with at least one overvoltage protection device (SPD), wherein the overvoltage protection device (SPD) on the support means or in a housing can be fixed and provided with external connection means, wherein for direct mounting on a busbar system with multiple busbars (PE L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₃ ) are arranged on or in the underside of the support means (1) at a pitch of the busbar system coupling-type means for electrical and mechanical connection, and the underside of the support means (1) in the distance of the busbars of the busbar system extending groove-shaped Have recesses (5) or recesses, being fastened and guided in these spring contact elements (6). Overvoltage protection arrangement with a carrying device (1), with at least one overvoltage protection device (SPD), the overvoltage protection device (SPD) being fixable on the carrying device or in a housing and provided with external connection means, whereby for direct mounting on a busbar system with multiple busbars (SPD) PE; L ₁ ; L ₂ ; L ₃ ) are arranged on or in the underside of the carrying device (1) in the grid spacing of the busbar system clutch-like means for electrical and mechanical connection and the bottom of the support means (1) have groove-shaped recesses (5) or recesses , wherein in these spring contact elements (6) are fixed and guided, wherein the recesses or recesses have at least two different distances. Overvoltage protection arrangement with a carrying device (1), with at least one overvoltage protection device (SPD), the overvoltage protection device (SPD) being fixable on the carrying device or in a housing and provided with external connection means, whereby for direct mounting on a busbar system with multiple busbars (SPD) PE; L ₁ ; L ₂ ; L ₃ ) are arranged on or in the underside of the carrying device (1) at a pitch of the busbar system coupling-type means for electrical and mechanical connection, and the underside of the support means (1) extending at a distance from the busbars of the busbar system Have L-shaped recesses, being fastened and guided in these spring contact elements (6). Overvoltage protection device arrangement with a carrying device (1), with at least one overvoltage protection device (SPD), wherein the overvoltage protection device (SPD) on the support means or in a housing can be fixed and provided with external connection means, wherein for direct mounting on a busbar system with multiple busbars or in the bottom of the carrying device (1) in the grid spacing of the busbar system clutch-like means for electrical and mechanical connection are arranged and the underside of the support means (1) at a distance of the busbars of the busbar system extending groove-shaped recesses (5) or recesses, wherein in these spring contact elements (6) are arranged, which are guided and fixed by an electromechanically direct connection with a respective overvoltage protection device. Overvoltage protection device arrangement with a carrying device (1), with at least one overvoltage protection device (SPD), wherein the overvoltage protection device (SPD) on the support means or in a housing can be fixed and provided with external connection means, wherein for direct mounting on a busbar system with multiple busbars or in the bottom of the support means (1) in the grid spacing of the busbar system clutch-like means for electrical and mechanical connection are arranged, and the underside of the support means (1) spaced from the busbars of the busbar system arranged spring contact elements (6) and are guided, wherein by means of a Fixation element, the surge protector arrangement is releasably fixable on the busbar system. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the fixing element has a (elastically deformable) projection in the latching region. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the fixing element comprises a prestressed holder, wherein the prestressed holder can be released by means of an opening device. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the busbar system is a DC voltage system, a two-wire AC voltage system or a multi-conductor AC voltage system. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the electrical connections are formed inductively. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the electrical connections are formed shock resistant. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrying device (1) is designed as part of a housing. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overvoltage protection device (SPD) is designed to protect low-voltage supply systems. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of overvoltage protection devices (SPD) is provided, wherein the number of overvoltage protection devices (SPD) is less than the number of busbars. Overvoltage protection device arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the overvoltage protection device (SPD) an ignition aid can be disengaged.

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