DE102019129202A1 - Electrochemical cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrochemical cell which a. an anode chamber with an anode, b. an anolyte feed line through which an anolyte can be conducted into the anode chamber, c. an anolyte discharge through which the anolyte can be discharged from the anode chamber, d. a cathode chamber with a cathode which has a cathode base body, ande. has a membrane arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, the anolyte feed line and / or the anolyte discharge line running in the cathode base body.

Description

The invention relates to an electrochemical cell which has an anode chamber with an anode, an anolyte feed line through which an anolyte can be conducted into the anode chamber, an anolyte discharge line through which the anolyte can be discharged from the anode chamber, a cathode chamber with a cathode which has a cathode base body , and a membrane disposed between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber.

Such electrochemical cells have long been known in various embodiments from the prior art. For example, they are used to produce electrolyzed water or ozonated water. Such cells are, for example, from the DE 10 2014 203 374 A1 or the DE 10 2014 203 376 A1 described. They use diamond electrodes, which have a large number of depressions, grooves or grooves, and which are in direct contact with the membrane that separates the cathode chamber from the anode chamber. The membrane is designed to be ion-permeable. Due to the structure of the electrodes, for example in the DE 10 2014 203 372 A1 is described, a directed flow is generated in the electrode chamber formed essentially by the depressions of the electrode, so that ions formed on the electrode can be distributed as quickly and homogeneously as possible in the flowing liquid.

Electrochemical cells have at least two electrodes, an anode and a cathode. They can be designed as divided cells in which the anode is arranged in an anode chamber and the cathode is arranged in a cathode chamber. In this case, the two spaces are separated from one another by an ion-conductive membrane, which can be a semipermeable membrane or a diaphragm, for example.

By applying an electrical current to the electrodes, a medium located in the anode and / or cathode chamber can be decomposed and / or converted, such as, for example, during the electrolysis of water. However, it is also possible to use the electrochemical cell in the context of so-called electrosynthesis in the production of certain organic or inorganic compounds.

Liquids with substances dissolved in them are used as electrolytes. These substances are, for example, starting materials for electrosynthesis. The electrolytes are introduced into the anode and / or cathode chamber, for example, or flow continuously through them. An electrolyte introduced into the anode chamber is also referred to as an anolyte, and an electrolyte introduced into the cathode chamber is also referred to as a catholyte.

Divided electrochemical cells, in which an ion-permeable membrane or a diaphragm is located between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, usually have a relatively large distance between the anode and the cathode, which leads to a relatively large ohmic resistance and thus to one leads to considerable energy requirements. In the case of the cells already mentioned, this is achieved in that the anode and / or the cathode come into direct contact with the respective membrane. Although this minimizes the distance between the two electrodes, the membrane is exposed to considerable mechanical and electrochemical stress. In addition, a structure in the electrode surface is necessary in order to achieve a sufficient chamber volume of the anode chamber and / or the cathode chamber. On the one hand, this is complex in terms of production technology and, on the other hand, it ensures that the membrane has an often inadequate service life, particularly at high current densities. In addition, this cell type has very different local current densities due to the structured surface of the electrode.

Diamond electrodes, the electrode surface of which has corresponding structures, are also particularly susceptible to mechanical loads, such as impacts. The diamond coating, which is usually applied to a metallic base body or substrate made of a semiconductor, often flakes off under such loads, which can also happen in the case of hydrodynamically induced pressure surges, especially after many years of operation. This flaking is very disadvantageous, since the underlying body is exposed at these points and is exposed to chemical and electrochemical attack, especially at high current densities, as a result of the strong electrical fields occurring at the edges. Since these basic bodies are generally far less corrosion-resistant than a diamond layer, the electrode often fails quickly in this case.

The invention is based on the object of proposing an electrochemical cell with which it is possible, in particular, to also synthesize per compounds with high efficiency.

The invention solves the problem posed by an electrochemical cell according to the preamble of claim 1, in which the anolyte feed line and / or the anolyte discharge line run in the cathode base body.

This has several advantages. In the embodiment according to the invention, the cathode base body now fulfills further functions, since it houses at least part of the anolyte feed line and / or the anolyte discharge line. In the prior art, there is the prejudice that the anolyte must never come into contact with the cathode or a component of the cathode in order to avoid a reduction in the oxidative species generated in the anode chamber. This is of course known in particular for anolyte drainage. The invention is based on the knowledge that the contact can be almost completely or completely avoided and the remaining contact is almost completely harmless. The reduction is minimal and does not outweigh the benefits.

By positioning the anolyte feed line and / or the anolyte discharge line, with both lines preferably being arranged in the cathode base body, the anode chamber can be designed almost freely and meet the requirements of an industrial production of per connections. Per compounds are in particular peroxo compounds, inorganic peracids and their salts and other per compounds that do not contain oxygen. Peroxo compounds are characterized by the fact that they contain O-O groups in their molecular structure, which therefore have a high oxidation potential and can be used for typical oxidative reactions. By positioning the anolyte supply line and / or the anolyte drainage line in the cathode base, the cell according to the invention can be adapted to the optimal requirements in the production of these substances in particular, particularly preferably peroxomonosulfates, peroxodisulfates, disulfides, perchlorates, perbromatics, permanganates, uraniumates and periodates.

In a preferred embodiment, the anode chamber is delimited by a chamber frame which is fluidically connected to the anolyte feed line and / or the anolyte discharge line and which is preferably made of a plastic, particularly preferably a polymer, such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene or polytetrafluoroethene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or polyvinylidene difluoride). The anode chamber is preferably delimited on one side by the anode and on the opposite side by the membrane. The side surfaces between these two sides are set by the chamber frame, so that this limits the anode chamber in four directions. The chamber frame is preferably designed with a recess which forms the actual anode chamber. The chamber frame itself is fluidically connected to the anolyte supply line and / or the anolyte discharge line, which are located in the cathode base body, so that an anolyte, which is supplied through the anolyte supply line from the cathode base body, enters the chamber frame and is guided from there into the anode chamber. The anolyte that emerges from the anode chamber leaves the anode chamber in the chamber frame and from there is conducted into the anolyte discharge line via the fluid-technical connection. As a result, on the one hand, the anode itself does not have to take on any of these functions and can therefore be optimally selected for the production of the respective substance. On the other hand, the volume and in particular the thickness of the anode chamber, that is to say the distance between the electrode and the membrane, is determined by the thickness of the chamber frame and is therefore freely adjustable. If the chamber frame is made from the plastics mentioned, it is ensured that the substances produced are not changed or react.

The chamber frame preferably has at least one distributor space which is in fluid communication with the anolyte feed line and / or the anolyte discharge line. The chamber frame preferably has two distributor spaces, one of which is in fluid communication with the anolyte feed line and one with the anolyte discharge line. The distribution spaces preferably extend over the entire extent of the anode chamber in one spatial direction. In this way, a homogeneous and, if possible, laminar flow of the anolyte into and out of the anode chamber is ensured.

The chamber frame preferably has flow guide elements which are set up to direct a flow of an anolyte flowing out of the distributor space into the anode chamber and / or an anolyte flowing out of the anode chamber into the distributor space. The anolyte consequently particularly preferably flows out of the anolyte feed line in the cathode base body into the first distribution space of the chamber frame and is there distributed over a large part, particularly preferably the entire extent of the anode chamber in one spatial direction. The flow guide elements, which homogenize and calm the flow, are preferably located between the actual anode chamber and the respective distributor space. If possible, on the opposite side of the chamber frame, there are further flow guide elements that establish the connection between the actual anode chamber and the second distributor space. This second distributor space is preferably in fluid-technical contact with the anolyte discharge line.

In a preferred embodiment, the anode is a diamond electrode, which preferably has a structureless surface, preferably a structureless flat surface. This ensures that the diamond electrode does not have any holes, edges, depressions or Has undercuts that are sensitive to mechanical loads and where the diamond layer could flake off the substrate. This significantly increases the durability and service life of the electrode. In addition, a homogeneous current density and thus also a homogeneous electric field is generated. As a result, if possible, the entire anode surface that comes into contact with the anolyte can be used to generate the desired substance, which increases the efficiency and yield. The use of such a diamond electrode represents an invention of its own. This electrode is preferably also arranged in an electrochemical cell according to the preamble of claim 1.

The chamber frame preferably rests directly on the diamond electrode. For operation, the electrochemical cell is subjected to a mechanical tension which presses the chamber frame against the diamond electrode. A further seal or a further sealing element is not necessary through a skilful choice of materials, in particular when using the plastics mentioned for the chamber frame. This makes the electrochemical cell structurally simpler and cheaper to manufacture.

The cathode preferably has a cathode surface which is arranged on the cathode base body and which preferably consists of a metal, for example steel. The cathode surface forms the actual cathode to which electrical current is applied. It is of course also possible to form the cathode surface in one piece with the cathode base body. The advantage of a separate cathode surface is that the cathode base body is made of a different material, preferably a polymer, particularly preferably PTFE or PVDF. This applies in particular to the area in which the anolyte feed line and / or the anolyte discharge line are located. In this case it is ensured that the substances produced do not come into contact with a metal, for example steel, when they are discharged from the anode chamber.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one spacer element is located between the membrane and the anode and / or between the membrane and the cathode. This spacer element prevents the membrane from coming into mechanical contact with the anode or the cathode, which could damage it. The spacer element, which can in particular be designed as a spacer grid, is preferably made from a polymer, in particular from PTFE or PVDF. The structure of the spacer grid or the spacer element should be designed in such a way that it does not interfere with the homogeneous flow in the anode chamber, and in the cathode chamber in such a way that the lowest possible flow resistance can be opposed to a catholyte.

The cell preferably has a catholyte feed line, through which a catholyte can be conducted into the cathode chamber, and a catholyte discharge line, through which the catholyte can be discharged from the cathode chamber. The catholyte feed line and the catholyte discharge line are preferably located in the cathode base body.

The membrane is preferably arranged between the cathode base body and the chamber frame, wherein it is particularly preferably clamped between the two components. In order to avoid damage to the membrane and at the same time to achieve sufficient tightness of the cathode chamber, it is advantageous to use a separate sealing element, for example a sealing ring. This is inserted, for example, into a groove provided for this purpose in the cathode base body and seals the cathode chamber from the outside. The membrane is then clamped between the chamber frame and the sealing element. Both elements are elastic, but at least flexible elements, so that sufficient tightness is achieved.

The distance between the anode and the cathode is preferably less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, particularly preferably less than 2 mm. The distance can be selected and adjusted by choosing the thickness of the chamber frame.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of an electrochemical cell arrangement, two of the electrochemical cells described here are arranged mirror-symmetrically next to one another. Centrally located is the substrate with the two diamond layers applied to two opposite sides of the substrate, which form the two diamond electrodes. They can be acted upon by a single electrical contact with electrical current and preferably both form the anode. If one goes from this innermost area to the outside, the anode chamber, which is formed by a chamber frame, follows the anode. The chamber frames are preferably designed identically and are in direct contact with the two diamond electrodes. They are each covered by a membrane that delimits the two anode chambers towards the outside. This is followed by two basic cathode bodies which have the properties described here and in particular have the two anolyte feed lines and / or anolyte discharge lines.

As an alternative to this symmetrical configuration, a temperature control device can also be arranged on the side of the corresponding substrate facing away from a diamond electrode. This temperature control device makes it possible to cool or heat the anode. The main application, however, is likely to be in cooling the anode, since a lot of energy is supplied to the anode, particularly at high current densities, which heats it up. In addition or as an alternative to cooling the anode, the anolyte can also be cooled so that the anode is supplied to a state that is as cold as possible. The temperature control device is consequently preferably a cooling device, for example a metallic heat sink, in which there are channels through which a coolant is passed.

An ultrasonic sonotrode is preferably assigned or can be assigned to the cathode base body. For this purpose, the cathode base body preferably has at least one sonotrode holder. A sonotrode can be used to dissolve any deposits on the cathode using ultrasound.

• 1 - eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung,
• 2 - eine Explosionsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung,
• 3 - eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform des Kathodengrundkörpers,
• 4 - eine Frontaldarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Kathodengrundkörpers, und
• 5 - eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform eines Dichtungsrahmens.

Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of the accompanying figures. Show it:

• 1 - a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention,
• 2 - an exploded view of a further embodiment of the present invention,
• 3 - a perspective view of an embodiment of the cathode base body,
• 4th - A front view of a further embodiment of the cathode base body, and
• 5 - a perspective view of an embodiment of a sealing frame.

In 1 is a section through an electrochemical cell 2 shown according to an embodiment of the present invention. This has an anode chamber 4th with an anode 6th and a cathode chamber 8th with a cathode surface 10 on.

The cathode surface 10 is in a recess of a cathode base body 12th formed and forms with this the cathode. The cathode chamber 8th is on the one hand by the cathode body 12th and the cathode area 10 and on the other hand by an ion-conductive membrane 14th limited.

The cathode body 12th has a catholyte feed line 16 and a catholyte drain 18th on, each fluidic with the cathode chamber 8th are connected. In addition, the basic cathode body 12th an anolyte feed line 20th and an anolyte lead 22nd which are each fluidically connected to the anode chamber. The anolyte feed line ends here 20th into a first distribution room 24 a chamber frame 26th . The chamber frame 26th indicates a plurality of in 1 flow guide elements not shown 28 on, which is a fluidic connection between the anode chamber 4th and the first distribution room 24 form.

On the first distribution room 24 opposite side shows the chamber frame 26th a second distribution room 30th on, which have a plurality of in 1 flow guide elements not shown 32 fluidically with the anode chamber 4th communicates. At the same time, there is the second distribution room 30th in fluidic connection with the anolyte discharge 22nd .

The anolyte consequently flows via the anolyte feed line 20th in the first distribution room 24 of the chamber frame 26th and from there via the flow guide elements 28 in the anode chamber 4th . From the anode chamber 4th the anolyte flows over the flow guide elements 28 into the second distribution room 30th and from this via the anolyte drain 22nd from the cathode body 12th out.

The anode chamber 4th is done by the anode 6th , which have an anode base 34 , for example made of graphite, silicon or a metal, which is coated with a, in particular boron-doped, diamond layer 36 is coated, as well as the chamber frame 26th and the ion conductive membrane 14th educated. The chamber frame 26th one in 1 anode chamber recess, not shown 38 on whose side faces the anode chamber 4th limit laterally. The chamber frame 26th is so on the anode 6th and the ion-conductive membrane 14th indicate that the anode compartment 4th is liquid-tight.

In the present embodiment, the cathode base body has 12th one around the cathode face 10 circumferential sealing element recess 40 on, in which a sealing element 42 is stored in the form of an O-ring. In particular, this represents a safety measure to ensure that the cathode chamber is leakproof 8th , i.e. between the ion-conductive membrane 14th on the one hand and the cathode base body 12th on the other hand, to ensure. In a further, not shown embodiment of the invention, there are no sealing element recesses 40 and sealing element 42 available. The cathode chamber is then sealed 8th exclusively via the cathode body 12th and the ion conductive membrane 14th .

On the from the anode compartment 4th facing away from the anode 6th assigns the electrochemical cell 2 a heat sink 44 , which is preferably made of steel, in particular stainless steel, with a cooling line 46 on, by means of which a coolant is applied to the anode 6th can be passed along in order to cool or temper them. This is between the heat sink 44 and the anode 6th a coolant seal 48 arranged.

In 2 is another embodiment of an electrochemical cell 2 shown. This has a central anode 6th to which in 2 one chamber frame each to the rear and to the front 26th connects. When assembled, the electrochemical cell exhibits 2 consequently two anode spaces 4th with only one anode 6th which, however, has an anode surface, in particular a diamond coating, on each side. On the chamber frame 26th this is followed by an ion-conductive membrane each to the front and to the rear 14th . This is followed by a sealing element in each case 42 , in the form of a rubber seal, which in the assembled state in a sealing element recess 40 of the respective adjoining cathode base body 12th is arranged. The sealing element recess 40 runs around the respective cathode surface 10 around.

Both sides of the anode 6th assigns the electrochemical cell 2 consequently one anode chamber each 4th and a cathode chamber 8th each of which has an ion-conductive membrane 14th are separated from each other. The mutually corresponding anode spaces 4th and cathode compartments 8th each form one cell, so that the in 2 illustrated electrochemical cell arrangement two electrochemical cells 2 having.

The cathode base 12th each have a catholyte feed line 16 and a catholyte drain 18th as well as an anolyte supply line 20th and an anolyte lead 22nd on. In the rear of the two basic cathode bodies 12th parallel rows with openings are indicated, which serve as outlets for the said lines. The lowest outlets are those of the anolyte feed line 20th . These are in the assembled state with the first distribution room 24 of the associated chamber frame 26th in fluidic connection, so that the anolyte over the flow guide elements 28 in the anode chamber 4th can flow. The respective anode chamber 4th is through the side surfaces of the anode chamber recess 38 of the chamber frame 26th laterally limited.

The row of outlets above it belongs to the catholyte supply line 16 and the row above to the catholyte drain 18th . The top row belongs to the anolyte drain 22nd which, in the assembled state, with the second distribution chamber 30th is in fluidic connection. The second distribution room 30th again stands over the flow guide elements 32 in fluidic connection with the anode chamber 4th .

In addition, there is a large number of fasteners 50 shown, via which the components can be determined to each other. The cathode base bodies have this 12th a corresponding number of mounting recesses 52 on. The ion-conductive membranes are preferred 14th who have favourited Chamber Frames 26th as well as the anode 6th relative to one another by a clamping force between the two cathode base bodies 12th set. This clamping force is achieved in particular by the fastening means 50 generated. The entire electrochemical cell 2 is also on a base plate 54 arranged.

In addition, there are electrolyte connection elements 66 with the anolyte supply lines 20th and the anolyte leads 22nd , as well as with the catholyte supply lines 16 and the catholyte drains 18th the cathode base 12th connected. They are preferably each marked with, in 2 External supply and discharge lines, not shown, for anolyte and catholyte are fluidically connected.

3 shows an embodiment of a cathode base body 12th for an electrochemical cell 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This has a cathode surface 10 on, which is integral with the cathode base body 12th , in the present case made of steel. The cathode surface 10 has a so-called flow field 56 from a plurality of channels that run along an imaginary grid. The catholyte flows through these channels when an electrochemical cell is in operation 2 with the cathode body 12th .

Around the cathode area 10 a sealing element recess runs around it 40 , in the in the assembled state of the electrochemical cell 2 a sealing element 42 is arranged. The cathode body 12th each has a catholyte feed line 16 , a catholyte derivative 18th , an anolyte feed line 20th and an anolyte lead 22nd on. The anolyte supply line 20th is with a series of anolyte feed ports 58 in the cathode base 12th Fluidically connected, via which an anolyte is connected to an anode chamber (not shown) 4th can be fed.

In addition, there are in the cathode base body 12th Catholyte feed openings 60 formed, the fluidic with the catholyte supply line 16 are connected. They are in the lower ends of the channels of the flow field 56 arranged and serve to supply a catholyte in the cathode chamber, not shown 8th .

The cathode base body also has 12th a series of catholyte evacuation openings 62 that are in the upper ends of the channels of the flow field 56 are arranged and fluidically connected to the catholyte discharge 18th are connected. They serve to remove a catholyte from the cathode chamber 8th . The cathode body 12th also has a number of anolyte discharge openings 64 on, over which an anolyte from the anode chamber 4th can be discharged. They are fluidically connected to the anolyte discharge 22nd connected. The cathode body 12th also has a large number of mounting recesses 52 for fasteners not shown 50 on.

4th shows a further embodiment of a cathode base body 12th . A chamber frame is on top of this 26th hung up. Through the anode chamber recess 38 of the chamber frame 26th is the cathode area 10 with a flow field 56 can be seen from channels arranged in a grid-like manner. In the operating state is between the chamber frame 26th and the cathode base 12th an ion-conducting membrane 14th arranged so that the cathode surface 10 and the flow field 56 would not be visible. This ion-conducting membrane 14th is for the sake of clarity in 4th not shown.

The cathode surface 10 is present as a separate component, in particular as a steel or stainless steel plate, to the cathode base body 12th educated. The cathode body 12th consists in the present case preferably of a plastic, in particular PEEK. The cathode surface 10 each has a catholyte feed opening 60 and a catholyte discharge port 62 on, through which a catholyte in the cathode chamber, not shown 8th can flow in and out. The catholyte feed port 60 is in fluidic connection with a catholyte feed line (not shown) 16 and the catholyte discharge port 62 is in fluidic connection with a catholyte discharge, not shown 18th .

The cathode body 12th also has an elongated anolyte feed opening 58 on, which on the one hand with an anolyte supply line, not shown 20th and on the other hand with a distribution room 24 of the chamber frame 26th is fluidically connected.

In addition, the basic cathode body 12th an elongated anolyte evacuation opening 64 on, which on the one hand with an anolyte discharge, not shown 22nd and on the other hand with the distribution room 30th of the chamber frame 26th is fluidically connected. The chamber frame 26th again has a plurality of flow guide elements 28 as well as flow guide elements 32 which each with the distribution rooms 24 , 30th of the chamber frame 26th as well as the anode chamber recess 38 are in fluidic connection. The cathode body 12th has six mounting recesses 52 for fasteners not shown 50 on.

5 shows the perspective view of an embodiment of a chamber frame 26th for an electrochemical cell 2 . The chamber frame 26th consists preferably of a plastic, in particular PTFE or PVDF, and has three recesses. A distribution room 24 , a distribution room 30th and an anode chamber recess 38 .

The distribution room 24 stands over flow guide elements 28 in fluidic connection with the anode chamber recess 38 . The distribution room 30th stands over flow guide elements 32 in fluidic connection with the anode chamber recess 38 .

List of reference symbols

2

Electrochemical cell

4th

Anode chamber

6th

anode

8th

Cathode chamber

10

Cathode area

12th

Cathode base

14th

Ion-conductive membrane

16

Catholyte supply line

18th

Catholyte drainage

20th

Anolyte supply line

22nd

Anolyte drainage

24

Distribution room

26th

Chamber frame

28

Flow control elements

30th

Distribution room

32

Flow control elements

34

Anode body

36

Diamond coating

38

Anode chamber recess

40

Sealing element recess

42

Sealing element

44

Heat sink

46

Cooling pipe

48

Coolant seal

50

Fasteners

52

Mounting recesses

54

Base plate

56

Flow field

58

Anolyte feed port

60

Catholyte feed port

62

Catholyte discharge opening

64

Anolyte discharge opening

66

Electrolyte connection element

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102014203374 A1 [0002]
• DE 102014203376 A1 [0002]
• DE 102014203372 A1 [0002]

Claims (9)

Electrochemical cell (2) which a. an anode chamber (4) with an anode (6), b. an anolyte feed line (20) through which an anolyte can be conducted into the anode chamber (4), c. an anolyte discharge (22) through which the anolyte can be discharged from the anode chamber (4), d. a cathode chamber (8) with a cathode which has a cathode base body (12), and e. has a membrane (14) arranged between the anode chamber (4) and the cathode chamber (8), characterized in that the anolyte feed line (20) and / or the anolyte discharge line (22) runs in the cathode base body (8). Electrochemical cell (2) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the anode chamber (4) is delimited by a chamber frame (26) which is fluidically connected to the anolyte feed line (20) and / or the anolyte discharge line (22) and which is preferably made of a plastic, particularly preferably a polymer such as PTFE or PVDF is made. Electrochemical cell (2) according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the chamber frame (26) has at least one distributor space (24) which is in fluid communication with the anolyte feed line (20) and / or the anolyte discharge line (22). Electrochemical cell (2) according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the chamber frame (26) has flow guide elements (28) which are set up to allow a flow of an anolyte flowing out of the distributor space (24) into the anode chamber (4) and / or one from the anode chamber (4) into the distributor space (30) to direct flowing anolyte. Electrochemical cell (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anode (6) is a diamond electrode, which preferably has a structureless surface, preferably a structureless flat surface. Electrochemical cell (2) according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the chamber frame (26) rests directly on the diamond electrode. Electrochemical cell (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cathode has a cathode surface (10) which is arranged on the cathode base body (12) and preferably consists of a metal, in particular steel. Electrochemical cell (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer element, in particular a spacer grid, is arranged between the membrane and the anode (6) and / or between the membrane and the cathode, which is preferably made of a polymer, in particular PTFE or PVDF. Electrochemical cell (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell (2) has a catholyte feed line (16) through which a catholyte can be conducted into the cathode chamber (8), and a catholyte discharge line (18) through which the Catholyte can be discharged from the cathode chamber (8), the catholyte feed line (16) and the catholyte discharge line (18) running in the cathode base body (12).

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