DE102019117790A1 - Process and bidirectional DC voltage converter for precharging a charging cable - Google Patents
Process and bidirectional DC voltage converter for precharging a charging cable Download PDFInfo
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- DE102019117790A1 DE102019117790A1 DE102019117790.1A DE102019117790A DE102019117790A1 DE 102019117790 A1 DE102019117790 A1 DE 102019117790A1 DE 102019117790 A DE102019117790 A DE 102019117790A DE 102019117790 A1 DE102019117790 A1 DE 102019117790A1
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0043—Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
- H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vorladung eines Ladekabels, bei dem eine das Ladekabel aufweisende Ladesäule zu einem Gleichspannungsladen einer Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeuges bereitgestellt ist, bei dem die Ladesäule einen Ladestrom mit einer Ladespannung bereitstellt, bei dem die zu ladende Batterie eine gegenüber der Ladespannung höhere Klemmenspannung aufweist und bei dem sich zwischen Ladekabel und Batterie ein Gleichspannungswandler befindet, wobei der Gleichspannungswandler durch eine Ladungspumpe, welche die Ladespannung der Ladesäule der Klemmenspannung der Batterie anpasst, realisiert wird, wobei in der Ladungspumpe mind. ein unidirektionaler Strompfad angeordnet wird, welcher mind. zwei unidirektionale Schalter, mind. zwei Dioden und mind. zwei Kondensatoren umfasst, wobei in der Ladungspumpe mind. ein bidirektionaler Strompfad angeordnet wird, welcher mind. vier unidirektionale Schalter und mind. zwei Kondensatoren aufweist und aus einem unidirektionalen Strompfad, welcher anstelle von mind. zwei Dioden mind. zwei unidirektionale Schalter und demnach insgesamt mind. vier unidirektionale Schalter aufweist, erhalten wird, und wobei aus der Batterie über den mind. einen bidirektionalen Strompfad eine Vorladeleistung zur Vorladung des Ladekabels bereitgestellt wird. Ferner wird der Gleichspannungswandler mit dieser bidirektionalen Ladungspumpe beansprucht.The invention relates to a method for precharging a charging cable, in which a charging column having the charging cable is provided for direct voltage charging of a battery of an electric vehicle, in which the charging column provides a charging current with a charging voltage, in which the battery to be charged has a higher terminal voltage than the charging voltage and in which there is a DC / DC converter between the charging cable and the battery, the DC / DC converter being implemented by a charge pump which adapts the charging voltage of the charging column to the terminal voltage of the battery, with at least one unidirectional current path being arranged in the charge pump, which at least two unidirectional switches, at least two diodes and at least two capacitors, with at least one bidirectional current path being arranged in the charge pump, which has at least four unidirectional switches and at least two capacitors and consists of a unidirectional current path d, which instead of at least two diodes has at least two unidirectional switches and therefore a total of at least four unidirectional switches, and wherein a precharge power for precharging the charging cable is provided from the battery via the at least one bidirectional current path. Furthermore, the DC voltage converter is stressed with this bidirectional charge pump.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vorladung eines Ladekabels mittels eines Gleichspannungswandlers mit einer bidirektionalen Ladungspumpe. Ferner wird der Gleichspannungswandler mit dieser bidirektionalen Ladungspumpe beansprucht.The present invention relates to a method for precharging a charging cable by means of a DC voltage converter with a bidirectional charge pump. Furthermore, the DC / DC converter is stressed with this bidirectional charge pump.
Bei allen weltweiten Ladestandards für ein Gleichspannungsladen, muss eine Spannung des Ladekabels an die Spannung einer Hochvoltbatterie bzw. Hochvolt-Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeuges angeglichen werden, bevor ein Ladevorgang beginnen kann. Bei den Ladenormen bzw. Ladestandards Chademo (Japan) und GBT (China) ist für ein Aufladen des Ladekabels das Elektrofahrzeug zuständig. Da das Ladekabel nur eine kleine Kapazität besitzt, darf laut Norm ein jeweiliges Laderelais des Elektroahrzeuges einfach geschlossen werden, um auf diese Weise das Ladekabel direkt an die Hochvolt-Batterie des Elektrofahrzeugs zu koppeln. Somit besitzt das Ladekabel die Spannung der Hochvolt-Batterie und das Laden kann beginnen.With all global charging standards for DC charging, the voltage of the charging cable must be matched to the voltage of a high-voltage battery or high-voltage battery of an electric vehicle before a charging process can begin. With the charging standards Chademo (Japan) and GBT (China), the electric vehicle is responsible for charging the charging cable. Since the charging cable only has a small capacity, according to the standard, a respective charging relay of the electric vehicle can simply be closed in order to connect the charging cable directly to the high-voltage battery of the electric vehicle. This means that the charging cable has the same voltage as the high-voltage battery and charging can begin.
Besitzt das Elektrofahrzeug eine 800 V Hochvolt-Batterie kann nicht direkt an einer 400 V Ladesäule geladen werden. Für diesen Fall ist im Elektrofahrzeug ein unidirektionaler Gleichspannungswandler verbaut, welcher die Spannung der Ladesäule verdoppelt - ein Vorgang, der durch eine Ladungspumpe realisiert wird - um auf diese Weise die Hochvolt-Batterie zu laden. Ein solcher Gleichspannungswandler besitzt intern mehrere parallele Pfade, vom Fachmann auch als Rails bezeichnet, die phasenversetzt zueinander betrieben werden, um Ströme in einzelnen Komponenten und resultierende Stromrippel klein zu halten.If the electric vehicle has an 800 V high-voltage battery, it cannot be charged directly at a 400 V charging station. In this case, a unidirectional DC / DC converter is installed in the electric vehicle, which doubles the voltage of the charging station - a process that is carried out by a charge pump - in order to charge the high-voltage battery in this way. Such a DC / DC converter has several parallel paths internally, also referred to as rails by those skilled in the art, which are operated out of phase with one another in order to keep currents in individual components and the resulting current ripples small.
Bei einem Ladevorgang über einen Gleichspannungswandler, gibt es keine direkte Verbindung zwischen dem Ladekabel und der Hochvolt-Batterie. Somit kann für das Aufladen des Ladekabels nicht direkt die Hochvolt-Batterie auf das Ladekabel geschaltet werden. Im Stand der Technik besitzt der Gleichspannungswandler daher eine zusätzliche Vorladeschaltung, welche das Ladekabel bei einem Ladestart auf eine Hälfte der Hochvolt-Batteriespannung vorladen kann. Jedoch ist bei diesem Vorgehen nachteilig, dass durch Begrenzungen bei Bauraum, Kosten und Gewicht diese separate Vorladeschaltung möglichst klein dimensioniert werden muss und damit auch nur eine begrenzte Leistung zum Vorladen des Ladekabels bereitstellen kann. Weitere Probleme sind durch fehlende normative Vorgaben gegeben, da im Stand der Technik bislang unklar oder zumindest unvollständig geregelt wurde, wieviel Leistung zum Vorladen des Ladekabels mindestens bereitgestellt werden muss. Praktische Erfahrungen aus dem Feld zeigen, dass eine bereitgestellte Vorladeleistung unter Umständen nicht für alle Ladesäulen ausreicht.When charging using a DC / DC converter, there is no direct connection between the charging cable and the high-voltage battery. This means that the high-voltage battery cannot be switched directly to the charging cable to charge the charging cable. In the prior art, the DC / DC converter therefore has an additional precharge circuit which can precharge the charging cable to half the high-voltage battery voltage when charging starts. However, this procedure has the disadvantage that, due to limitations in terms of installation space, costs and weight, this separate precharge circuit has to be dimensioned as small as possible and thus can only provide limited power for precharging the charging cable. Further problems are caused by the lack of normative specifications, since the state of the art has hitherto unclearly or at least incompletely regulated the minimum amount of power that must be provided for precharging the charging cable. Practical experience from the field shows that the pre-charging power provided may not be sufficient for all charging stations.
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Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Vorladung eines Ladekabels bereitzustellen, bei dem ein bereits für einen Ladevorgang einer Batterie vorhandener Gleichspannungswandler verwendet werden kann. Eine separate Vorladeschaltung soll damit überflüssig gemacht werden. Ferner soll dieser Gleichspannungswandler vorgestellt werden.Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for precharging a charging cable in which a DC / DC converter that is already present for charging a battery can be used. A separate precharge circuit is to be made superfluous. This DC-DC converter will also be presented.
Zur Lösung der voranstehend genannten Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren zur Vorladung eines Ladekabels vorgeschlagen, bei dem eine das Ladekabel aufweisende Ladesäule zu einem Gleichspannungsladen einer Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeuges bereitgestellt ist bzw. wird und bei dem die Ladesäule einen Ladestrom mit einer Ladespannung bereitstellt. Die zu ladende Batterie weist eine Klemmenspannung auf, welche höher als die Ladespannung ist. Zwischen dem Ladekabel und der Batterie befindet sich ein Gleichspannungswandler, wobei der Gleichspannungswandler durch eine Ladungspumpe, welche die Ladespannung der Ladesäule der Klemmenspannung der Batterie anpasst, realisiert wird. In der Ladungspumpe wird mindestens ein unidirektionaler Strompfad angeordnet, welcher mindestens zwei unidirektionale Schalter, mindestens zwei Dioden und mindestens zwei Kondensatoren umfasst. In der Ladungspumpe wird mindestens ein bidirektionaler Strompfad angeordnet, welcher mindestens vier unidirektionale Schalter und mindestens zwei Kondensatoren aufweist und aus einem unidirektionalen Strompfad, welcher anstelle von mindestens zwei Dioden mindestens zwei unidirektionale Schalter und demnach insgesamt mindestens vier unidirektionale Schalter aufweist, erhalten wird. Aus der Batterie wird über den mindestens einen bidirektionalen Strompfad eine Vorladeleistung zur Vorladung des Ladekabels bereitgestellt.To solve the above-mentioned object, a method for precharging a charging cable is proposed in which a charging column having the charging cable is or is provided for direct voltage charging of a battery of an electric vehicle and in which the charging column provides a charging current with a charging voltage. The battery to be charged has a terminal voltage which is higher than the charging voltage. A DC / DC converter is located between the charging cable and the battery, the DC / DC converter being implemented by a charge pump which adapts the charging voltage of the charging station to the terminal voltage of the battery. At least one unidirectional current path, which comprises at least two unidirectional switches, at least two diodes and at least two capacitors, is arranged in the charge pump. In the charge pump, at least one bidirectional current path is arranged, which has at least four unidirectional switches and at least two capacitors and a unidirectional current path, which instead of at least two diodes at least two unidirectional switches and therefore a total of at least four having unidirectional switches is obtained. A pre-charging power for pre-charging the charging cable is provided from the battery via the at least one bidirectional current path.
Durch den durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bereitgestellten mindestens einen bidirektionalen Strompfad bzw. mindestens einen bidirektionalen Rail ist eine separate Vorladeschaltung damit vorteilhaft nicht länger notwendig. Gewöhnlich liegt die hierzu nötige Vorladeleistung zudem in einem Bereich einer voll übertragbaren Leistung in einem solchen bidirektionalen Strompfad. Schließlich wird dadurch auch eine Robustheit zu Ladebeginn erhöht.Due to the at least one bidirectional current path or at least one bidirectional rail provided by the method according to the invention, a separate precharge circuit is advantageously no longer necessary. Usually, the precharge power required for this is also in a range of fully transferable power in such a bidirectional current path. Finally, this also increases robustness at the start of charging.
Eine beispielhafte Anordnung der Ladungspumpe mit mindestens einem unidirektionalen Strompfad ist durch eine Schaltung realisiert, bei der zwischen einem positiven Eingangsanschluss und einem positiven Ausgangsanschluss seriell eine erste Diode mit ihrer Anode am positiven Eingangsanschluss und eine zweite Diode mit ihrer Kathode am positiven Ausgangsanschluss angeordnet sind. Ein negativer Eingangsanschluss und ein negativer Ausgangsanschluss sind direkt verbunden. Zwischen dem positiven Eingangsanschluss und dem negativen Eingangsanschluss sind seriell ein erster unidirektionaler Schalter, bspw. bei einem npn-Transistor mit seinem Kollektor an dem positiven Eingangsanschluss, und ein zweiter unidirektionaler Schalter, bspw. bei einem npn-Transistor mit seinem Emitter an dem negativen Eingangsanschluss angeordnet. Zwischen diesen beiden Schaltern befindet sich ein erster Anschluss eines ersten Kondensators, dessen zweiter Anschluss sich zwischen den beiden Dioden befindet. Schließlich ist zwischen den beiden Ausgangsanschlüssen ein zweiter Kondensator angeschlossen.An exemplary arrangement of the charge pump with at least one unidirectional current path is implemented by a circuit in which a first diode with its anode at the positive input connection and a second diode with its cathode at the positive output connection are arranged in series between a positive input connection and a positive output connection. A negative input terminal and a negative output terminal are directly connected. Between the positive input connection and the negative input connection there is a first unidirectional switch in series, for example in the case of an npn transistor with its collector at the positive input connection, and a second unidirectional switch, for example in the case of an npn transistor with its emitter at the negative input connection arranged. A first connection of a first capacitor is located between these two switches, the second connection of which is located between the two diodes. Finally, a second capacitor is connected between the two output connections.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die unidirektionalen Schalter durch MOSFETs realisiert.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the unidirectional switches are implemented by MOSFETs.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist die Ladesäule eine Ladespannung von 400 V auf und die Batterie wird durch eine Hochvoltbatterie mit einer Klemmenspannung von 800 V realisiert.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the charging column has a charging voltage of 400 V and the battery is implemented by a high-voltage battery with a terminal voltage of 800 V.
In einer noch weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der mindestens eine bidirektionale Strompfad dazu ausgelegt, eine der Vorladeleistung entsprechende Leistung zu übertragen.In yet another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the at least one bidirectional current path is designed to transmit a power corresponding to the precharge power.
In einer fortgesetzt weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird über den mindestens einen bidirektionalen Strompfad zusätzlich ein Energieübertrag aus der Batterie in ein an der Ladesäule angeschlossenes Versorgungsnetz durchgeführt.In a continued further embodiment of the method according to the invention, energy is also transferred from the battery to a supply network connected to the charging station via the at least one bidirectional current path.
Ferner wird ein Gleichspannungswandler zur Vorladung eines Ladekabels beansprucht, bei dem eine das Ladekabel aufweisende Ladesäule zu einem Gleichspannungsladen einer Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeuges bereitgestellt ist und bei dem die Ladesäule einen Ladestrom mit einer Ladespannung bereitstellt. Die zu ladende Batterie weist eine gegenüber der Ladespannung höhere Klemmenspannung auf. Zwischen dem Ladekabel und der Batterie befindet sich ein Gleichspannungswandler, wobei der Gleichspannungswandler durch eine Ladungspumpe, welche die Ladespannung der Ladesäule der Klemmenspannung der Batterie anpasst, realisiert ist. Die Ladungspumpe umfasst mindestens einen unidirektionalen Strompfad, welcher mindestens zwei unidirektionale Schalter, mindestens zwei Dioden und mindestens zwei Kondensatoren aufweist. Weiter umfasst die Ladungspumpe mindestens einen bidirektionalen Strompfad, welcher mindestens vier unidirektionale Schalter und mindestens zwei Kondensatoren aufweist und durch einen unidirektionalen Strompfad, welcher anstelle von mindestens zwei Dioden mindestens zwei unidirektionale Schalter und demnach insgesamt mindestens vier unidirektionale Schalter aufweist, realisierbar ist. Der Gleichspannungswandler ist dazu konfiguriert, durch die Batterie über den mindestens einen bidirektionalen Strompfad eine Vorladeleistung zur Vorladung des Ladekabels bereitzustellen.Furthermore, a DC voltage converter for precharging a charging cable is claimed, in which a charging column having the charging cable is provided for direct voltage charging of a battery of an electric vehicle and in which the charging column provides a charging current with a charging voltage. The battery to be charged has a terminal voltage that is higher than the charging voltage. A DC / DC converter is located between the charging cable and the battery, the DC / DC converter being implemented by a charge pump that adapts the charging voltage of the charging station to the terminal voltage of the battery. The charge pump comprises at least one unidirectional current path which has at least two unidirectional switches, at least two diodes and at least two capacitors. The charge pump further comprises at least one bidirectional current path which has at least four unidirectional switches and at least two capacitors and can be implemented by a unidirectional current path which instead of at least two diodes has at least two unidirectional switches and therefore a total of at least four unidirectional switches. The DC / DC converter is configured to provide a pre-charging power for pre-charging the charging cable through the battery via the at least one bidirectional current path.
In einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Gleichspannungswandlers ist ein jeweiliger unidirektionaler Schalter ein MOSFET.In one embodiment of the DC voltage converter according to the invention, a respective unidirectional switch is a MOSFET.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Gleichspannungswandlers weist die Ladesäule eine Ladespannung von 400 V auf und die Batterie ist eine Hochvoltbatterie mit einer Klemmenspannung von 800 V.In a further embodiment of the DC / DC converter according to the invention, the charging station has a charging voltage of 400 V and the battery is a high-voltage battery with a terminal voltage of 800 V.
In einer noch weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Gleichspannungswandlers ist mindestens ein bidirektionaler Strompfad dazu konfiguriert, eine der Vorladeleistung entsprechende Leistung zu übertragen.In yet another embodiment of the DC / DC converter according to the invention, at least one bidirectional current path is configured to transmit a power corresponding to the precharge power.
In einer fortgesetzt weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Gleichspannungswandlers ist der mindestens eine bidirektionale Strompfad dazu konfiguriert ist, zusätzlich einen Energieübertrag aus der Batterie in ein an der Ladesäule angeschlossenes Versorgungsnetz durchzuführen.In a continued further embodiment of the DC / DC converter according to the invention, the at least one bidirectional current path is configured to additionally carry out an energy transfer from the battery into a supply network connected to the charging station.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beiliegenden Zeichnungen.Further advantages and configurations of the invention emerge from the description and the accompanying drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die voranstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.
-
1 zeigt schematisch einen Ladevorgang mittels eines Gleichspannungswandlers aus dem Stand der Technik. -
2 zeigt schematisch eine Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gleichspannungswandlers.
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1 shows schematically a charging process by means of a DC voltage converter from the prior art. -
2 shows schematically an embodiment of a DC voltage converter according to the invention.
In
In
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturPatent literature cited
- US 2018/0134167 A1 [0005]US 2018/0134167 A1 [0005]
- US 2010/0097031 A1 [0006]US 2010/0097031 A1 [0006]
- US 2017/0054363 A1 [0007]US 2017/0054363 A1 [0007]
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DE102019117790.1A DE102019117790A1 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Process and bidirectional DC voltage converter for precharging a charging cable |
JP2020114346A JP7206237B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2020-07-01 | Method for precharging charging cable and bi-directional DC-DC converter |
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DE102019117790.1A DE102019117790A1 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Process and bidirectional DC voltage converter for precharging a charging cable |
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DE102019117790.1A Ceased DE102019117790A1 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Process and bidirectional DC voltage converter for precharging a charging cable |
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Cited By (1)
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DE102021119471A1 (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | Preh Gmbh | Method and energy transfer circuit for transferring electrical energy between a vehicle-side high-voltage battery and a vehicle-external high-voltage device |
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US20100097031A1 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-22 | Robert Dean King | Apparatus for energy transfer using converter and method of manufacturing same |
US20170054363A1 (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-02-23 | Allegro Microsystems, Llc | Systems and methods for dc power conversion |
US20180134167A1 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-17 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and method for charging an energy storage cell of a vehicle |
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DE102016217040A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-08 | Brusa Elektronik Ag | High performance charge pump with inductive elements |
CN108233495B (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2021-05-14 | 泰达电子股份有限公司 | Charging system and control method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-07-02 DE DE102019117790.1A patent/DE102019117790A1/en not_active Ceased
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US20100097031A1 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-22 | Robert Dean King | Apparatus for energy transfer using converter and method of manufacturing same |
US20170054363A1 (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-02-23 | Allegro Microsystems, Llc | Systems and methods for dc power conversion |
US20180134167A1 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-17 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and method for charging an energy storage cell of a vehicle |
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DE102021119471A1 (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | Preh Gmbh | Method and energy transfer circuit for transferring electrical energy between a vehicle-side high-voltage battery and a vehicle-external high-voltage device |
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JP2021010296A (en) | 2021-01-28 |
JP7206237B2 (en) | 2023-01-17 |
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