DE102019116847A1 - A receptacle for melting, holding and transporting melts and a method for producing a receptacle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a receptacle (10, 12, 14, 16, 18) for melting and / or keeping warm and / or transporting a melt. The receptacle is an open body made of a fiber-reinforced oxide-ceramic composite material with an open porosity in particular of 20% to 40%.

Description

The invention relates to a receptacle, in particular a crucible, for melting and / or keeping warm and / or transporting a melt, in particular metal, in particular non-ferrous metal, or its melt, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy or its or their melt.

The invention relates in particular to melting crucibles which are suitable for melts, in particular metal melts, in particular non-ferrous metal melts, preferably aluminum melts, which are used in melting, holding or transport units.

According to the prior art, the crucibles are generally designed as open, conical, elliptoidal or spherical bodies which can have diameters of 100 mm and 1000 mm and heights of up to 1000 mm. Furthermore, a spout can be provided in the upper edge area.

Corresponding crucibles can be used for melting, keeping warm or transporting liquid melts, in particular non-ferrous metal melts, with quantities between 0.5 kg and 300 kg being able to be taken up by the corresponding melting crucibles.

The melting process includes the following steps. Solid materials, which are to produce the desired alloy composition, are added to the crucible in powder form, ingot form or as granules. The crucible is then moved into a melting unit, unless the melting pot is already in a corresponding melting unit when it is filled with the material. Melting can be carried out in an induction-heated furnace, among other things.

Depending on the materials used, these are melted down to a specified temperature and a specified process duration.

After melting, the melt is kept warm in the crucible in the liquid state for further processing. The melt is then transported in the crucible for further processing, e.g. to be poured into a casting mold.

As an alternative or in addition to the casting, a damage-free solidification process can take place for the melted material or parts of it in the crucible, either intentionally or unintentionally. After the melt has been removed or after the solidified material has been removed, the crucible can be used again for the previously explained process steps.

A large number of crucibles are in industrial use, depending on the type of metal to be melted and the type of heating. Different materials and types of construction are used. The materials used are clay-graphite crucibles, SiC crucibles or special melting crucibles, to name just a few.

Crucibles can be designed with or without a spout.

Regardless of the material or the shape, the crucibles according to the prior art have in common that they are made of solid ceramic with a large wall thickness.

The disadvantage of the known crucibles is that a chemical reaction can take place between the crucible material and the melt or melt alloy, especially when it is an aluminum melt.

Material that has solidified and stuck in the crucible must be knocked off manually. This gradually leads to wear and tear and destruction of the crucible.

In order to reduce wear, especially with special alloys, it may be necessary to finish the crucible before the melting cycle.

Furthermore, different crucible materials are required for different alloy compositions.

Another disadvantage is that the crucible material becomes brittle after several melting cycles, which means that there is a risk of total failure. Plant safety is also reduced.

Known crucible materials also show a low thermal shock resistance due to the high wall thickness, due to the adhesion of solidified material and the changing melt pool levels. This results in a high thermal gradient along the axis and along the wall thickness.

The melt can be contaminated by detached crucible material (low density inclusions, LDI inclusions). Solidification residues reduce the melting and casting quality.

It should also be mentioned that due to the massive construction of the crucible, heat is withdrawn from the melt, so that a higher energy input is required for compensation. The time required for melting is therefore longer.

In the case of crucibles containing graphite, inconsistent thermal and electrical properties are a problem. The reason for this is that the burn-off of graphite leads to a change in properties and thus makes reproducibility more difficult.

The present invention is based on the object of developing a receptacle and a method for producing such a device in such a way that melting, keeping warm and transporting liquid melts, preferably metal melts, preferably non-ferrous metal melts, in particular aluminum or aluminum alloy melts, without the formation of Melt artifacts and contamination of the melt is possible.

The process security should be increased. Also, compared to aluminum melts in particular, there should be advantages with regard to wetting and corrosion properties. Finishing should be omitted. Compared to known crucibles, the service life should be increased and it should be possible to process it in an energetically favorable manner.

To achieve the object, the invention essentially provides that the receptacle consists of or contains an open body made of a fiber-reinforced oxide-ceramic composite material with an open porosity, in particular from 20% to 40%.

In particular, it is provided that the composite material contains oxide-ceramic fibers, preferably formed from at least one material from the group Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , Y ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, Y ₂ O ₃ stabilized ZrO ₂ .

The invention is also characterized in that the composite material contains an oxide-ceramic matrix, preferably formed from at least one material Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , Y ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, ZrO ₂ (tetragonally stabilized , partially stabilized and fully stabilized)

It is preferably provided that the matrix and the fibers consist of the same oxide-ceramic material or the same oxide-ceramic materials or contain this or these.

Particularly good properties are obtained when the metal of the composite material and that of the metal of the melt or of the metal of the main component of the metal alloy of the melt are the same.

Due to the ceramic fiber reinforcement according to the invention and the porous ceramic matrix, a considerable increase in strength and ductility (damage tolerance) can be achieved, which is significantly higher than that of unreinforced monolithic ceramics or clay graphites. This leads to a quasi ductile material behavior, whereby brittle fracture is avoided and impacts or similar mechanical loads can be classified as uncritical.

It should also be emphasized that the composite material has excellent thermal shock resistance and resistance to high-temperature fatigue, which is sufficient for use in particular for cast aluminum. Brittle fracture and material fatigue are prevented. At the same time, process reliability is increased. Lower heating times are also made possible.

The inherent material composition of fibers and matrix, e.g. made of aluminum oxide, in connection with aluminum melts and its alloys, prevents corrosion of the material of the crucible and also shows favorable wetting behavior.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous if it contains matrix additives or additives made from zirconium oxide or Y ₂ O ₃ -reinforced ZrO ₂ . It is particularly provided that the proportion of ZrO ₂ or Y ₂ O ₃ reinforced ZrO _{2 is} between 5% by weight and 30% by weight, in particular between 12% by weight and 25% by weight, of the total amount of the ceramic metal oxide.

Due to the favorable wetting behavior, the flow behavior of the melt is improved, which ensures a higher output during casting and, among other things, enables solidification in the crucible. Continuous melting / solidification processes in the crucible do not damage the material.

The good wetting behavior reduces wear and tear. The cleaning effort due to adhesions that are difficult to remove and the resulting damage are minimized.

It should be particularly emphasized that the material composition does not lead to any contamination of the melt by loosened ceramic compounds / particles or solidification residues, so that an improvement in the casting quality in comparison can be achieved with the prior art. Aggressive aluminum alloys such as those containing alkali do not lead to any changes in the melting crucible due to the material composition of the crucible, ie no changes in mass or structure occur. This in turn means that wear can be reduced and the service life can be increased considerably.

It is also not necessary that different crucibles have to be used for different alloy compositions.

In particular, it is provided that the matrix and the fibers consist of Al ₂ O ₃ or contain them as the main component.

With regard to the oxide-ceramic fibers, it should be noted that the density ρ of the fibers should be 2 g / cm ³ <ρ <6 g / cm ³ , in particular 2.5 g / cm ³ <p <3.2 g / cm ³ and / or the fiber diameter should be 5 µm to 20 µm, in particular 10 µm to 12 µm.

The open porosity of the composite is in particular in the range between 27% and 32%.

The receptacle itself can have a wall thickness between 1 mm and 20 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 4 mm.

With regard to the geometrical designs, there are basically no limits. In particular, conical, elliptoidal or spherical geometries with or without a spout can be selected.

There is also the possibility that the receptacle is designed as an insert in a metallic structure.

Further components of the melting unit itself can be made from the same oxide-ceramic material.

Due to the thin walls of the receptacle, i.e. the crucible, the melt can be heated up within a short period of time. The main reason for this is a reduced heat extraction. The heating can be done by conventional heating elements or preferably by inductive heating. A selectable smaller coil distance to the material to be melted with inductive heating leads to an increase in inductivity.

Since the construction of the overall unit is compact, a problem-free process is possible.

The enamel volume per receptacle can be reduced by using several smaller-volume receptacles.

The recording can be made using winding technology or on the basis of textile fiber semi-finished products such as fabrics, braids, scrims.

An additional coating is possible.

It should also be emphasized that the fiber reinforcement can be designed in accordance with the load, i.e. that the fiber reinforcement can be thickened in areas exposed to particular loads, e.g. in the floor area or in the transition area between the floor and the peripheral wall.

There is no geometrical restriction due to the manufacturing process, another advantage over monolithic ceramics.

Ribbed elements or stiffeners are possible.

In particular, it is provided that a corresponding receptacle is intended to process melts, in particular metal melts, preferably non-ferrous metal melts, which consist of or contain Al, Si, Mg, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ti, Na, Sr, B, aluminum melts or aluminum alloy melts are to be mentioned in particular.

The lightweight construction associated with the oxide-ceramic fiber reinforcement results in improved heat and temperature insulation properties. The extreme reduction in wall thickness compared to the prior art should be emphasized. In particular, this also results in an energy saving.

The small wall thickness in particular has the advantage that the distance between an induction coil and the alloy material to be melted is reduced, so that significantly shorter melting times can be achieved compared to the prior art.

As mentioned, a high degree of geometric design freedom is given, so that any complex geometries can be produced, if necessary with undercuts.

A process-desired adaptation of the geometry can take place, so that the melting is improved.

The oxide ceramic material makes it possible to produce larger-volume recordings than with monolithic ceramic crucibles.

The thin wall thickness enables the melt to be tempered by heating and cooling elements when the melt is transported.

There is also the possibility of integrating sieve elements or filters in the area of the spout to enable the melt to be cleaned. The flow-free melt flow can be improved by using flow aids.

A connection technology and assembly or disassembly, as well as simple cleaning, which are simple compared to the prior art, are possible.

Due to the material used and the advantages resulting therefrom, new processing possibilities arise in the processing of melts, in particular aluminum melts. A portioned melting matched to cycle times with in-line processing of cast parts from melting through to casting through the use of receptacles according to the invention is possible.

The compact design of the receptacle enables several receptacles to be driven through a heating zone one after the other or the heating units can be moved over the receptacles, i.e. crucibles. In the case of small recording dimensions, it is possible to react extremely quickly to changes in the melt quality, or to start up or interrupt the process quickly, or to melt the parts to be manufactured in an in-line process as required.

The thermo-mechanical properties of the material should be emphasized, i.e. high strength and damage tolerance. Brittle fracture does not occur, so that there is more security in the process. There is a thermal shock resistance and dimensional stability against thermal cycles. There is good thermal insulation from the melt, i.e. temperature losses during melting, holding and transport are avoided, so that processing can be carried out in an energetically favorable manner. A continuous melting and solidification of the melt with no damage to the intake is given.

The good chemical properties of the composite material are to be emphasized, in particular the resistance to aggressive aluminum melts should be mentioned.

This increases the flexibility when using different alloy compositions. The wetting behavior is favorable, so that easy cleaning is made possible and less wear occurs. Oxidation and corrosion are avoided. Finishing is not required. The melt is not contaminated and this results in a higher quality cast part. A continuous melting and solidification of the melt with no damage to the intake is possible.

With regard to process-relevant parameters, it should be noted that compared to the state of the art, a reduced use of energy is made possible. Furthermore, constant thermal and electrical properties are ensured. The possibility of introducing a new type of processing arises as "proportioned melting", i.e. in-line melting process or production and thus substitution of energy and system-intensive holding furnaces.

The geometric freedom of design has the particular advantage that the receptacle has integral means in its peripheral wall, such as at least one recess or at least one projection for interacting with a handle, such as gripping pliers.

There is also the possibility that the circumferential wall has a plurality of adjoining areas, preferably areas which are arranged one above the other when viewed in relation to the height of the receptacle and which have angles that differ from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the receptacle.

• - Imprägnieren einer Anordnung von oxidkeramischen Fasern mit einem oxidkeramische Partikel enthaltenden Schlicker,
• - Wickeln oder Legen der imprägnierten Anordnung der Fasern auf ein Innengeometrie der Einrichtung abbildendes Werkzeug,
• - Trocknen der auf dem Werkzeug gelegten oder gewickelten Anordnung.

The invention is also characterized by a method for producing a receptacle, such as a crucible, for melting and / or holding and / or transporting metal, in particular non-ferrous metal, or its melt, comprising the method steps:

• - Impregnation of an arrangement of oxide-ceramic fibers with a slip containing oxide-ceramic particles,
• - Winding or laying the impregnated arrangement of the fibers on a tool that depicts the interior geometry of the device,
• Drying of the arrangement laid or wound on the tool.

The arrangement is then demolded or partially demolded and sintered. If necessary, the device produced in this way is reworked.

One or more impregnated continuous fiber bundles or Impregnated flat structures, in particular fiber fabrics, woven fabrics or braids, are used.

In particular, it is provided that the drying process for forming a green body from the arrangement is carried out in a temperature range between 40 ° C. and 250 ° C., in particular between 80 ° C. and 150 ° C.

After drying, sintering takes place, in particular at a temperature between 1000 ° C and 1300 ° C, preferably between 1150 ° C and 1250 ° C.

In particular, the invention is also characterized by the use of a receptacle, such as a crucible, for melting and / or holding and / or transporting metal or its melt with one or more of the previously explained features of the receptacle.

Further details, advantages and features of the invention emerge not only from the claims, the features to be taken from them - individually and / or in combination - but also from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments, which can be taken from the drawing, and their explanations.

• 1 Prinzipdarstellungen von Schmelztiegeln und
• 2 einen Prinzipdarstellung eines Wickelprozesses.

Show it:

• 1 Schematic representations of crucibles and
• 2 a schematic representation of a winding process.

In 1 are different embodiments of crucibles to be referred to as receptacles 10 , 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th shown, with which metals such as non-ferrous metals or alloys are to be melted, kept warm and transported.

If non-ferrous metal is used, this is not intended to be a restriction.

The geometry of the melting body 10 , 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th can be designed in such a way that the melting behavior of the metals is influenced.

Melting pot 10 , 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th consist of an open body which, for example, can have a conical, elliptoidal or spherical geometry. Areas, in particular the peripheral wall of the crucible, can also include different angles of inclination with respect to the longitudinal axis.

In particular, at the crucible 12th recognizable that the floor area 20th , which can be exposed to particular loads, is reinforced appropriately.

There is also the possibility of a circumferential recess 22nd integrally form the crucible 16 to be able to safely grasp with a handle such as gripping pliers.

Inside can have structures such as ribs 24 , 26th be provided to z. B. to influence the pouring behavior of the melt or the material stiffness of the recording.

Furthermore, extensions can be made on the edge 28 be provided, which serve as a pouring aid.

The respective melting pot 10 , 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th is preferably produced using the winding technique, albeit prepregs that are applied to the inner geometry of the crucible 10 , 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th imaging tool can be placed, or a combination can be used.

If the winding technology is used, a winding core is used whose external geometry should correspond to that of one or two crucibles. In the case of the latter, these should merge into one another in their respective opening area, consequently two crucibles are wrapped opposite one another in one process.

Fiber bundles are wound onto the winding core, with the individual fiber diameters between 5 μm and 20 μm, in particular in the range between 10 μm and 12 μm. The density should be in the range between 2 g / cm ³ to 6 g / cm.

Before being wound onto the winding core, the fiber bundles are passed through a slip and thus impregnated. The slip contains the ceramic particles that form the matrix of the composite body.

The proportion of ceramic particles can be 10% by volume to 50% by volume, in particular 20% by volume to 40% by volume, based on the total volume of the slip.

In particular, a water-based slip is used with preferably organic additives, e.g. polyols, polyvinyl alcohols or polyvinylpyrrolidones, dispersion binders, preferably styroacrylate dispersions.

The slip can be at least 10% by weight to 20% by weight, preferably at least 24% by weight, e.g. B. 21 wt .-% to 35 wt .-% glycerol based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

A material from the group Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , Y ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, and ZrO ₂ stabilized with Y ₂ O _{3 are used} as oxide ceramic both for the ceramic particles and for the fibers in question.

If an aluminum melt or an aluminum alloy melt is to be melted, kept warm or transported with the melting crucible, Al ₂ O ₃ should be used as material both for the matrix, i.e. consequently the ceramic particles, and for the fibers. The slip can optionally contain additives such as ZrO ₂ , the proportion being between 5% and 30%, in particular between 12% and 25% in% by weight of the total powder amount of the ceramic metal oxide.

A volume fraction of the ceramic particles should be 10 to 40% by volume based on the total volume of the slip.

The corresponding impregnated fiber bundles are then wound onto the winding core and then dried, in particular in the temperature range between 40 ° C and 250 ° C, preferably in the range between 80 ° C and 150 ° C. The body produced in this way is severed and pulled off the winding core. This is followed by sintering in the temperature range between 1,000 ° C and 1,300 ° C, in particular between 1,150 ° C and 1,250 ° C. If necessary, post-processing takes place in order to then create the crucible 10 to use.

The drying time depends on the temperature and is between 2 hours and 48 hours, preferably between 12 hours and 24 hours.

The sintering takes place over a temperature / time curve with different holding stages and durations, the holding duration at the maximum temperature should be between 5 min and 24 h, preferably between 1 h and 12 h.

Due to the winding technology used, the geometry of the crucible can be adjusted to the desired extent depending on the geometry of the winding core 10 , 1 , 14th , 16 , 18th can be changed as previously explained.

It is also possible to vary the wall thickness or to design the end sections of the winding core in such a way that the flow aids such as the rib are inside 24 , 26th surrender.

In particular, it is provided that the fiber volume content of the device / receptacle is 30% to 50%, preferably 35% to 42%.

The following is to be added in addition to the winding technique.

In order to produce essentially rotationally symmetrical parts, winding processes are used. The internal geometry of the object is given by the so-called winding core on which the fibers impregnated with the slip are placed.

In the case of the winding core, a distinction is made between reusable, lost, meltable and separable cores. In the present case, the crucibles are removed from the core so that the latter can be used again. Meltable cores are often used for smaller components and separable cores for components with larger diameters.

The winding is usually done with a winding machine that corresponds to that of a CNC lathe. The winding core is clamped at one of its ends to a three-jaw chuck and at the other end z. B. stored a tailstock.

In order to wind rovings, i.e. fiber bundles, which can contain 100 or more individual fibers, so-called filaments, on the winding core, these are unwound from a spool holder. The rovings can then pass deflection rollers, by means of which the tension of the rovings is adjusted via a resistor. The fiber bundle is then passed through a thread eye over further deflection rollers through a slip bath, the composition of which has been described above. After the fibers have been impregnated, they are centered by a thread eye via one or more pulleys, which also determine the spring tension and the number of turns, winding speed and length of the used fiber strand, and are placed on the winding core, which is rotating. The thread tension is also of paramount importance. If this is too low, the fibers are not pressed onto the winding core to a sufficient extent. If the tension is too great, the slip cannot get enough between the individual fiber filaments and the roving can tear.

After the winding process, the wound fiber architecture is tied off with tear-off fabric, this serves to create a uniform surface, compression by displacing excess slip and thus increasing the fiber volume content and also protects the component.

With circumferential winding, which is also called radial winding, the rovings are laid in parallel, as shown in the horizontal illustration in 2 can be found. In the case of cross-winding, the rovings are deposited from one pole cap, that is from one end to the other pole cap, that is to the other end, in order to obtain fiber reinforcement in the x and y directions. The winding angle is measured from the deposited fiber strand against the axis of rotation and influences the absorption of axial loads.

If a winding part has purely unidirectional circumferential windings, d. H. the angle α is approximately 90 °, the highest tensile strengths can be achieved in tangential orientation. If the lap lies between the load direction and the fiber orientation, e.g. at 5 °, a drop in strength of 50% occurs. If the winding angle is <45 °, more axial loads are absorbed. With reinforcement in the axial direction, i. H. small winding angles, the problem arises that it is no longer possible to fix the roving at the end of the body.

Various calculation programs are available for the coordination of the type of winding, winding angle, number of layers (fiber requirement).

After the winding process, the wound fiber architecture is tied off with a tear-off fabric in order to achieve a uniform surface. This is also followed by compaction by displacement of excess slip and thus an increase in the fiber volume content and additionally protects the component. This is followed by drying and the sintering process.

• Zunächst werden oxidkeramische Prepregs hergestellt. Dazu werden Gewebe aus Aluminiumoxidfasern (> 99 % Al₂O₃) mit einem oxidkeramische Partikel enthaltenden wasserbasierten Schlicker imprägniert. Der Filamentdurchmesser liegt bei 10-12 µm und die Garnfeinheit 20.000 denier. Der Schlicker hat einen Feststoffgehalt von 30 Volumen-% bestehend aus 80 % Al₂O₃- Partikeln und 20 % ZrO₂- Partikeln. Die mittlere Partikelgröße beträgt 1 µm. Als Dispergator werden 2 Gewichts-% Polyacrylsäure dazugegeben. Nach einer Reduzierung des Wassergehalts der infiltrieren Faserarchitektur kann das entstandene Prepreg durch Zuschneiden und Ablegen auf ein der Innenkontur des Schmelztiegels abbildenden Werkzeugs verarbeitet werden. Anschließend erfolgt eine Trocknung mittels Autoklav-Technik, unter Beaufschlagung von Temperatur und Überdruck, sodass ein Grünkörper erhalten wird. Nach der Trocknung kann der aus Gewebe abgebildete Schmelztiegel vom Kern abgenommen werden. Anschließend erfolgt das Sintern bei 1200 °C. Die Nacharbeitung kann mittels Drehen, Fräsen oder Schleifen erfolgen.

An exemplary embodiment follows:

• First, oxide-ceramic prepregs are produced. For this purpose, fabrics made of aluminum oxide fibers (> 99% Al ₂ O ₃ ) are impregnated with a water-based slip containing oxide-ceramic particles. The filament diameter is 10-12 µm and the yarn count is 20,000 denier. The slip has a solids content of 30% by volume consisting of 80% Al ₂ O ₃ particles and 20% ZrO ₂ particles. The mean particle size is 1 µm. 2% by weight of polyacrylic acid are added as a dispersant. After the water content of the infiltrated fiber architecture has been reduced, the resulting prepreg can be processed by cutting it to size and placing it on a tool that depicts the inner contour of the crucible. This is followed by drying using the autoclave technique, with the application of temperature and excess pressure, so that a green body is obtained. After drying, the crucible made of fabric can be removed from the core. Sintering then takes place at 1200 ° C. Rework can be done by turning, milling or grinding.

Claims (25)

A receptacle, in particular a crucible, for melting and / or keeping warm and / or transporting a melt, in particular metal, in particular non-ferrous metal, or its melt, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy or its or its melt, characterized in that the receptacle is an open body made of a fiber-reinforced oxide-ceramic composite material with an open porosity, in particular from 20% to 40%, or contains this. Admission after Claim 1 , characterized in that the composite material contains oxide-ceramic fibers, preferably formed from at least one material from the group Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , Y ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, Y ₂ O ₃ stabilized ZrO ₂ . Admission after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the composite material contains an oxide-ceramic matrix, formed from preferably at least one material Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , Y ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , CaO, MgO, ZrO ₂ (tetragonal stabilized, partially stabilized and fully stabilized ). Admission after Claim 1 , characterized in that continuous melting and solidification processes in the receptacle do not lead to damage to the receptacle or its material. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix and the fibers consist of the same oxide-ceramic material or the same oxide-ceramic materials or contain this or these. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal of the composite material and that of the metal or main component of the metal alloy are the same. Recording according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix and the fibers consist of Al ₂ O ₃ or contain them as the main component. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the open porosity of the receptacle is between 27% and 32%. Recording according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the density ρ of the fibers is 2 g / cm ³ <ρ <6 g / cm ³ , in particular between 2.5 and 3.2 g / cm ³ and / or the fiber diameter 5 µm to 20 µm, in particular 10 µm to 12 µm. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receptacle is produced by winding fibers on a tool that depicts an inner geometry of the receptacle and / or by using textile fabrics, braids, fabrics from the oxide-ceramic fibers. A receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oxide-ceramic fibers consist of continuous fibers, in particular in the form of continuous fiber bundles, short fibers or a combination of these. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body has a conical, rotationally symmetrical, rotationally elliptoidal or spherical geometry or at least in sections such a geometry. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receptacle is thin-walled and has a wall thickness W _D with 1 mm W _D 20 mm, in particular 1 mm W _D 4 mm. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receptacle has a metallic structure which is provided on the melt side with an inherently rigid body made of the oxide-ceramic composite material and introduced into the receptacle. A receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body has fiber reinforcements suitable for the load, in particular in the base area of the body. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body has structures on the inside, such as ribs, in particular designed as flow aids. A receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body has integral means in its peripheral wall , such as at least one depression or at least one projection, for interacting with a handle, such as gripping pliers. The receptacle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circumferential wall of the body has several adjoining areas, preferably areas arranged one above the other in relation to the height of the body, which include angles that differ from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. A method for producing a receptacle, such as a crucible, for melting and / or keeping warm and / or transporting metal, in particular non-ferrous metal, or its melt, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy or its or its melt, comprising the process steps - Impregnation of an arrangement of oxide-ceramic fibers with a slip containing oxide-ceramic particles, - Winding or laying the impregnated arrangement of the fibers on a tool that depicts the inner geometry of the receptacle, - drying of the arrangement placed or wound on the tool, - Demolding or partial demolding of the tool and sintering. Procedure according to Claim 19 , characterized in that the arrangement is post-processed. Procedure according to Claim 19 or 20th , characterized in that the arrangement of the fibers is dried at a temperature between 40 ° C and 250 ° C, in particular between 80 ° C and 150 ° C. Procedure according to one of the Claims 19 to 21st , characterized in that the arrangement of the fibers is sintered at a temperature between 1,000 ° C and 1,300 ° C, in particular between 1,150 ° C and 1,250 ° C. Procedure according to one of the Claims 19 to 22nd , characterized in that one or more continuous fiber bundles or flat fiber structures, in particular fiber scrims, woven fabrics or braids, are used as the arrangement. Use of a recording according to at least one of the Claims 1 - 18th for melting and / or keeping warm and / or transporting a non-ferrous metal melt, in particular non-ferrous metal melt. Use after Claim 24 , characterized in that the metal of the oxide-ceramic composite material and the metal or main component of the metal melt are the same.

Images