DE102019105225B4 - System and method for recording at least one image of an observation area - Google Patents

Abstract

System (10) for recording at least one image of an observation area (86), in particular a surface area of the earth, from an observation position (100) which is elevated relative to the observation area (86) against the direction of gravity (26), which system (10) is a Image generating device (12) with an imaging device (14) for imaging the observation area (86) onto a light-sensitive recording element (16), the imaging device (14) having a lens (18) arranged at a recording position (98) and a lens (18 ) spatially separated optical deflection device (20), wherein the observation position (100) is elevated relative to the recording position (98) in the direction of gravity (26), wherein the optical deflection device (20) is positioned at the observation position (100) and points to the observation area ( 86) is aligned pointing and wherein the lens (18) is aligned with the deflection device (20), characterized in that the optical deflection device (20) is arranged or formed on a flying device (32), in particular on a flying device (32) with or without drive (82).

Description

The present invention relates to a system for recording at least one image of an observation area, in particular a surface area of the earth, from an observation position which is elevated relative to the observation area against the direction of gravity, which system comprises an image generating device with an imaging device for imaging the observation area onto a light-sensitive recording element , wherein the imaging device comprises a lens arranged at a recording position and an optical deflection device spatially separated from the lens, that the observation position is elevated relative to the recording position in the direction of gravity, that the optical deflection device is positioned at the observation position and is aligned pointing towards the observation area and that Lens is aligned with the deflection device.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for recording at least one image of an observation area, in particular a surface area of the earth, from an observation position which is elevated relative to the observation area against the direction of gravity, wherein an optical deflection device is positioned at the observation position for recording the at least one image and is aligned pointing towards the observation area, that a lens arranged at a recording position is aligned with the optical deflection device that is spatially separated from the objective and that the observation position is elevated compared to the recording position in the direction of gravity.

Taking pictures of areas of the earth's surface is well known. For this purpose, cameras in particular can be arranged on masts, for example, or brought into an elevated observation position using flying objects. However, both solutions are complex and unsuitable for certain purposes.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve a system and a method of the type described above so that images of an observation area can be recorded in a simple manner from an elevated observation position.

From the US 2007/0058067 A1 a monitoring system is known. In the WO 2007/084082 A1 an imaging device is described. A wide-angle optical arrangement and a control method are in the WO 2018/055363 A1 disclosed. A camera device and a vehicle with such are from the US 2011/0234798 A1 known. A projectile head that can be released from a cargo projectile or missile is in the DE 33 22 927 A1 described. In the DE 690 09 172 T2 A projection system with automatic tracking is described.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a system of the type described above in that the optical deflection device is arranged or designed on a flying device, in particular on a flying device with or without a drive.

The proposed design of a system for recording images of an observation area makes it possible, in particular, to arrange or position the recording element with an associated lens at the recording position, so that only the deflection device has to be brought into the observation position that is higher than the recording position. In particular, those components of the system that require energy can be arranged or positioned at the receiving position. So only the deflection device, which can in particular be designed to be completely passive, i.e. without requiring energy, has to be brought to the observation position that is higher than the observation area and the recording position. An image can then be recorded in a simple manner by aligning an optical axis of the lens with the deflection device, which then deflects the optical axis to the desired observation area. In this way, the structure of the system can be kept significantly simple. In addition, when viewed from the observation area, it is not readily apparent that the observation area is being observed with a camera. At most, the deflection device, for example in the form of a deflection mirror, would be recognizable. In addition, there are, in particular, various options for bringing the deflection device into the observation position and keeping it stationary or essentially stationary. In particular, the deflection device can be designed in the form of a passive deflection device, which requires neither mechanical nor electrical control. This enables the part of the system comprising the deflection device to be set up quickly and ready for operation quickly. Because in particular a deflection device can be used that does not require any energy, and since system variants are also possible that allow the deflection device to be held in the elevated observation position without supplying energy, long operating times can also be achieved. In addition, the system can be used in particular in one Form a form that is socially accepted. Such a system does not immediately give people and animals within the observation area the feeling that they are being watched. The system can be used in particular to record images or films, in particular analog or digital, of people, animals and landscapes from a bird's eye view, namely from the observation position. One area of application for the system is therefore aerial photography. Furthermore, the system is particularly suitable for optically detecting unmanned flying objects and determining their position when the flying objects move in the area between the deflection device and the observation area. In particular, unmanned flying objects that enter no-fly zones, such as drones and the like, can be easily detected and then, if necessary, tracked and eliminated. Furthermore, with such a system, significantly higher observation positions can be achieved compared to the observation area than is possible with camera systems arranged on mobile extendable masts. According to the invention, the optical deflection device is arranged or designed on a flying device. In particular, the deflection device can be arranged or designed on a flying device with or without a drive. This configuration of the system makes it possible, in particular, to position the deflection device at any observation position. Depending on the type of flying device used, it can be ensured in particular that the system only attracts minimal attention from people who are in or within the observation area. For example, a gas balloon with an optically reflective cover can be used for this purpose.

It is advantageous if the lens has an optical focal length and if a distance of the observation position from the image generating device is many times greater than the focal length. In particular, such a distance can be more than ten times greater than the focal length. In particular, such a distance can be more than twenty times as large as the focal length. This makes it possible, in particular, to take photographs of the observation area from the recording position, even if the deflection device is positioned at a distant, i.e. in particular relatively high, observation position in relation to the recording position and/or the observation area.

The lens is preferably designed in the form of a telephoto lens and/or zoom lens. A telephoto lens can be used to take photos from distant locations. A zoom lens has the particular advantage that an image section can be adjusted. It is particularly advantageous if the system is used with changing distances between the observation position at which the deflection device is positioned, for example in different areas and thus observation areas. In particular, with a zoom lens, an image section can always be adapted as best as possible to a size of the deflection device.

Images of the observation area, in particular photos or videos, can be recorded in a simple manner if the image generating device is designed by or includes an analog or digital camera. Since the image generating device is positioned at the recording position and any energy is available here, a high-quality camera can be used, the weight of which ultimately plays no or at best a minor role. In contrast, drones with cameras positioned at the observation position can only carry correspondingly small and light cameras, the image quality of which is then correspondingly limited.

It is advantageous if the recording element is a photographic film or a photoelectric sensor. This makes it easy to create analog or digital recordings of the observation area. The photoelectric sensor can in particular be designed in the form of a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor. In particular, commercially available photo and video cameras can be used here.

The deflection device advantageously comprises at least one optical reflection surface. An optical axis of the lens can thus be easily redirected on the at least one reflection surface. In particular, the optical reflection surface can be designed to reflect electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the visible wavelength range. The at least one optical reflection surface can in particular be curved, preferably spherically or essentially spherically convexly curved pointing away from the deflection device. A reflection surface curved in this way has a constant or substantially constant radius of curvature.

The system can be designed in a simple and cost-effective manner if the optical reflection surface is defined by an optical mirror.

In order to be able to capture the largest possible observation area, it is advantageous if the optical reflection surface is directed towards the Observation area is convexly curved.

Depending on the height of the observation position and the spatial extent of the observation area, it is advantageous if the reflection surface has a radius of curvature that is at least 0.1 m. In particular, the radius of curvature can be at least 0.5 m. Furthermore, the reflection surface can, for example, also be flat, i.e. have an infinitely large radius of curvature. This enables, in particular, the use of so-called plane mirrors as a deflection device or part thereof.

In order to be able to design small and compact systems in particular, it is advantageous if the radius of curvature of the reflection surface is at most 10 m. It is particularly advantageous if the radius of curvature of the reflection surface is at most 1 m.

It is advantageous if the radius of curvature is selected depending on a spatial extent of the observation area and a height of the observation position above the recording position so that at least part of the observation area can be imaged on the light-sensitive recording element with the objective. In particular, the radius of curvature is selected so that the majority of the observation area, and in particular the entire observation area, can be imaged onto the light-sensitive recording element. By choosing the radius of curvature, the system in particular can be adapted to spatial conditions. In particular, the size of the deflection device can be kept to a minimum by varying the radius of curvature. An adaptation of the system can be achieved in particular in a simple manner by varying a focal length of the lens. A zoom lens in particular can be used for this purpose.

It is advantageous if an image field defined by the lens at the observation position is adapted or adaptable to a size of the deflection device. Such an adjustment can be achieved, for example, using a zoom lens.

The system can be designed simply and cost-effectively if the flying device is designed to ascend against the direction of gravity using static buoyancy or by static buoyancy. For example, such a flying device can be designed in the form of a gas balloon which is filled with a gas that has a lower density than the ambient air.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the flying device is designed in the form of an unmanned aircraft or that the flying device is designed in the form of a manned aircraft. An unmanned aircraft can in particular be designed in the form of a balloon, for example in the form of a gas balloon or a hot air balloon, or in the form of a drone. A manned aircraft can in particular be designed in the form of a zeppelin or in the form of a hot air balloon. In principle, the deflection device can be arranged or designed as described on any type of flying device that is suitable for positioning the deflection device at an elevated observation position. Preferably, the system comprises a flying device that can hold or essentially hold a desired position, which defines the observation position, over a longer period of time with as little or no energy expenditure as possible.

The system can be designed in a simple and cost-effective manner if the flying device comprises a casing and if the reflection surface is arranged or formed on the casing. For example, a balloon can include a reflective cover, which then forms the reflection surface of the deflection device.

It is advantageous if the flying device is fixed movably or immovably with at least one fastening element within the observation area or at the recording position or in the vicinity of the recording position. Fixing the flying device in the manner described has the particular advantage that the observation area can be observed in a simple manner and in particular over a longer period of time. Coordinating the position of the flying device relative to the recording position and/or the observation area makes it possible, in particular, to optimize the generation of images. For example, a flying device can be brought into an optimal position, i.e. at a certain distance from the lens, if in particular the lens of the image generating device is specified with a certain focal length.

The flying device can be set to be movable or immovable in a simple manner if the at least one fastening element is designed in the form of a rope, a cord, a rod or a chain. For example, a balloon can be anchored with a string or rope, such as by connecting it to a ground anchor or a hook to a building or plant.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the system comprises an alignment device for aligning the lens. In particular, the lens can be arranged on or on the alignment device. In particular, this enables a particularly compact structure of the system. The alignment device can in particular ensure that the observation area can be captured in the desired manner with the objective in cooperation with the deflection device. This can be achieved, for example, by aligning the lens with the deflection device.

The alignment device is preferably designed to pivot the lens about at least one pivot axis. In particular, the alignment device can be designed to pivot the lens about two or three pivot axes. With an alignment device that can be pivoted about two pivot axes, a sufficiently good alignment of the lens with the deflection device can be achieved. A three-axis alignment device also enables optimal orientation, for example of the receiving element of the system relative to the deflection device and thus relative to the observation area.

The alignment device is preferably designed to pivot the lens about at least two pivot axes. As described, a sufficiently optimized alignment of the lens for recording an image of the observation area can be achieved.

It is advantageous if the at least one pivot axis runs transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the direction of gravity or if the at least one pivot axis runs parallel or essentially parallel to the direction of gravity. Such pivot or rotation axes, which the alignment device can define, enable the lens to be aligned as desired with the deflection device, regardless of where it is located and whether it is moving.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the alignment device is designed in the form of a tracking device for automatically tracking and aligning the lens to the deflection device. An alignment device designed in this way enables, in particular, automatic monitoring of the observation area. It is then not necessary to adjust the lens by hand.

The system advantageously includes a control device for controlling the tracking device. With such a control device, automatic operation of the system can be achieved in particular.

It is advantageous if the tracking device comprises a light source for generating a reflection point on the deflection device that can be detected by the image generating device. The reflection point can in particular be used to detect a position of the deflection device and to use this information to automatically align the lens with the tracking device on the deflection device.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the system comprises an image processing device for rectifying the at least one distorted image of the observation area imaged on the light-sensitive recording element. Whenever the deflection device is designed in such a way that the deflection leads to a distortion of an image of the observation area, for example in the case of a deflection device with a curved reflection surface or a reflection surface that is not aligned perpendicular to the optical axis, the image processing device can be used undistorted images of the observation area can be easily generated.

In order to be able to quickly and easily generate undistorted images of the observation area, it is advantageous if the image processing device is designed to rectify the at least one distorted image by comparing characteristic points of the observation area in the distorted image with reference points corresponding to the characteristic points in at least one geographical area Map of the observation area. In particular, an image can be equalized using a simple coordinate transformation if the transformation rule for the entire image is determined on the basis of the characteristic points.

The task set at the beginning is further achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described above in that the deflection device is arranged or designed on a flying device.

As already described, the method makes it possible to record images of the observation area without having to bring a lens or an image generating device into an observation position that is elevated relative to the observation area. Rather, here only a deflection device is brought or positioned at the observation position in order to deflect an optical axis of the image of the observation area towards the recording position. That before The proposed method makes it possible to take images of the observation area in a simple and cost-effective manner, so to speak around the corner, from a perspective predetermined by the observation position, with neither the entire image generating device nor a person who would like to take the image, for example, having to be brought to the observation position. In particular, individual images or films of the observation area can be recorded in an inconspicuous manner. Furthermore, with the proposed method, situational representations of events, in particular demonstrations, election campaign events or outdoor sporting events, or of restricted access areas, such as security areas, industrial facilities, field camps or convoys, can be created without great effort. In order to be able to use the method as flexibly as possible, it is advantageous that the deflection device is arranged or designed on a flying device. The deflection device can thus be positioned at any position that is elevated relative to the recording position and the observation area, counter to the direction of gravity.

It is advantageous if the at least one image is recorded analog or digital. In particular, digital images can be evaluated easily and quickly using electronic data processing, for example to recognize certain people or objects that are in the observation area. Furthermore, digital images can also be used to automatically detect flying devices, in particular their position, which are located between the deflection device and the observation area. For example, no-fly zones can be easily monitored visually, namely whether unmanned flying systems have penetrated them or not. In particular, the movement of such flying objects can also be tracked.

It is advantageous if an optical deflection device with at least one optical reflection surface is used. In this way, a photograph of the observation area can be generated in a simple manner by recording an image of the observation area that is reflected on the reflection surface.

It is advantageous if an image field defined by the lens at the observation position is adapted to a size of the deflection device. In this way, optimized imaging of the observation area can be achieved.

It is advantageous if the flying device is designed in the form of an unmanned aircraft or if the flying device is designed in the form of a manned aircraft. The unmanned aircraft is preferably designed in the form of a balloon, for example in the form of a gas balloon or a hot air balloon, or in the form of a drone. Balloons in particular can be used inexpensively and for a relatively long period of time and with a low safety risk in order to position the deflection device at the desired observation position. Zeppelins or hot air balloons are preferably used as manned aircraft to position the deflection device at the observation position.

In order to be able to carry out the method as stably and permanently as possible, it is advantageous if the flying device is fixed movably or immovably with at least one fastening element within the observation area or at the recording position or near the recording position.

In order to be able to generate images over a longer period of time, for example in the form of films or videos, it is advantageous if the lens is automatically aligned with the deflection device and tracked when it moves. This is particularly advantageous if the deflection device is not permanently positioned in a stationary manner, but is arranged or designed, for example, on a flying device that can change its position or constantly changes it. Tracking can be achieved in particular in a simple manner by pivoting the lens about at least one pivot axis. In particular, tracking can be achieved by pivoting the lens around two or three pivot axes.

Advantageously, the at least one recorded image is rectified. This is particularly advantageous if the deflection device has a reflection surface that is curved or, if it is flat, is not aligned perpendicular to the optical axis of the image generating device. Such image processing can in particular be carried out in real time, for example by means of electronic data processing.

It is advantageous if the at least one recorded image is rectified by comparing characteristic points of the observation area in the at least one recorded image with reference points corresponding to the characteristic points in at least one geographical map of the observation area. By comparing the characteristic points in the captured image and in a geographical map, an imaging method can be easily created Font can be determined in order to convert all pixels of the recorded image accordingly and thus equalize the recorded image.

Furthermore, the use of one of the systems described above to carry out one of the methods described above is proposed. In particular, this use is proposed for recording images of people and landscapes from a bird's eye view and/or for optical detection and position determination of unmanned, especially small and fast, aircraft. In particular, unmanned aircraft can be detected in security-relevant areas and, in particular, at outdoor events or in restricted access areas.

1. 1. System (10) zum Aufnehmen mindestens eines Bildes eines Beobachtungsbereiches (86), insbesondere eines Oberflächenbereiches der Erde, aus einer Beobachtungsposition (100), welche gegenüber dem Beobachtungsbereich (86) entgegen der Schwerkraftrichtung (26) erhöht ist, welches System (10) eine Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung (12) mit einer Abbildungseinrichtung (14) zum Abbilden des Beobachtungsbereichs (86) auf ein lichtempfindliches Aufnahmeelement (16) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abbildungseinrichtung (14) ein an einer Aufnahmeposition (98) angeordnetes Objektiv (18) und eine vom Objektiv (18) räumlich getrennte optische Umlenkeinrichtung (20) umfasst, dass die Beobachtungsposition (100) gegenüber der Aufnahmeposition (98) in Schwerkraftrichtung (26) erhöht ist, dass die optische Umlenkeinrichtung (20) an der Beobachtungsposition (100) positioniert und auf den Beobachtungsbereich (86) hin weisend ausgerichtet ist und dass das Objektiv (18) auf die Umlenkeinrichtung (20) ausgerichtet ist.
2. 2. System nach Satz 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Objektiv (18) eine optische Brennweite aufweist und dass ein Abstand (28) der Beobachtungsposition (100) von der Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung (12) um ein Vielfaches größer ist als die Brennweite, insbesondere mehr als zehnmal so groß, weiter insbesondere mehr als zwanzigmal so groß.
3. 3. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Objektiv (18) in Form eines Teleobjektivs (30) und/oder Zoomobjektivs ausgebildet ist.
4. 4. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung (12) durch eine analoge oder eine digitale Kamera (22) ausgebildet ist oder eine solche umfasst.
5. 5. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aufnahmeelement (16) ein fotografischer Film oder ein photoelektrischer Sensor ist, insbesondere ein CCD-Sensor oder ein CMOS-Sensor.
6. 6. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umlenkeinrichtung (20) mindestens eine optische Reflexionsfläche (60) umfasst.
7. 7. System nach Satz 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die optische Reflexionsfläche (60) durch einen optischen Spiegel (58) definiert ist.
8. 8. System nach Satz 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die optische Reflexionsfläche (60) in Richtung auf den Beobachtungsbereich (86) hin weisend konvex gekrümmt ist.
9. 9. System nach einem der Sätze 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflexionsfläche (60) einen Krümmungsradius (62) aufweist, der mindestens 0,1 m beträgt, insbesondere mindestens 0,5 m.
10. 10. System nach Satz 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Krümmungsradius (62) der Reflexionsfläche (60) höchstens 10 m beträgt, insbesondere höchstens 1 m.
11. 11. System nach Satz 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Krümmungsradius (62) in Abhängigkeit einer räumlichen Ausdehnung des Beobachtungsbereichs (86) und einer Höhe (28) der Beobachtungsposition (100) über der Aufnahmeposition (98) so gewählt ist, dass mit dem Objektiv (18) mindestens ein Teil des Beobachtungsbereichs (86) auf das lichtempfindliche Aufnahmeelement (16) abbildbar ist, insbesondere der überwiegende Teil des Beobachtungsbereichs (86), weiter insbesondere der gesamte Beobachtungsbereich (86).
12. 12. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein vom Objektiv (18) definiertes Bildfeld (64) an der Beobachtungsposition (100) an eine Größe der Umlenkeinrichtung (20) angepasst oder anpassbar ist.
13. 13. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umlenkeinrichtung (20) an einer Flugvorrichtung (32) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist, insbesondere an einer Flugvorrichtung (32) mit oder ohne Antrieb (82).
14. 14. System nach Satz 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) ausgebildet ist zum Aufsteigen entgegen der Schwerkraftrichtung (26) unter Verwendung eines statischen Auftriebs.
15. 15. System nach Satz 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) in Form eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs (56), insbesondere in Form eines Ballons (54), weiter insbesondere in Form eines Gasballons oder eines Heißluftballons, oder in Form einer Drohne ausgebildet ist oder dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) in Form eines bemannten Luftfahrzeugs, insbesondere in Form eines Zeppelins oder in Form eines Heißluftballons, ausgebildet ist.
16. 16. System nach einem der Sätze 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) eine Hülle (55) umfasst und dass die Reflexionsfläche (20) auf der Hülle (55) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
17. 17. System nach einem der Sätze 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) innerhalb des Beobachtungsbereichs (86) oder an der Aufnahmeposition (98) oder in der Nähe der Aufnahmeposition (98) mit mindestens einem Befestigungselement (68) beweglich oder unbeweglich festgelegt ist.
18. 18. System nach Satz 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Befestigungselement (68) in Form eines Seils (70), einer Schnur, einer Stange oder eine Kette ausgebildet ist.
19. 19. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System eine Ausrichteinrichtung (34) zum Ausrichten des Objektivs (18) umfasst, wobei insbesondere das Objektiv (18) an oder auf der Ausrichteinrichtung (34) angeordnet ist.
20. 20. System nach Satz 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausrichteinrichtung (34) ausgebildet ist zum Schwenken des Objektivs (18) um mindestens eine Schwenkachse (36, 38, 40), insbesondere um zwei oder drei Schwenkachsen (36, 38, 40).
21. 21. System nach Satz 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausrichteinrichtung (34) ausgebildet ist zum Schwenken des Objektivs (18) um mindestens zwei Schwenkachsen (36, 38, 40).
22. 22. System nach Satz 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Schwenkachse (36, 38) quer, insbesondere senkrecht, zur Schwerkraftrichtung (26) verläuft oder dass die mindestens eine Schwenkachse (40) parallel oder im Wesentlichen parallel zur Schwerkraftrichtung (26) verläuft.
23. 23. System nach einem der Sätze 19 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausrichteinrichtung (34) in Form einer Nachführeinrichtung (42) ausgebildet ist zum automatischen Nachführen und Ausrichten des Objektivs (18) auf die Umlenkeinrichtung (20).
24. 24. System nach Satz 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System eine Steuerungseinrichtung (46) umfasst zum Ansteuern der Nachführeinrichtung (42).
25. 25. System nach Satz 23 oder 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nachführeinrichtung eine Lichtquelle (74), insbesondere in Form einer Punktlichtquelle, umfasst zum Erzeugen eines durch die Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung detektierbaren Reflexionspunktes (76) auf der Umlenkeinrichtung (20).
26. 26. System nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System (10) eine Bildbearbeitungsvorrichtung (50) umfasst zum Entzerren des mindestens einen auf dem lichtempfindlichen Aufnahmeelement (16) abgebildeten, verzerrten Bildes des Beobachtungsbereichs.
27. 27. System nach Satz 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bildbearbeitungsvorrichtung (50) ausgebildet ist zum Entzerren des mindestens einen verzerrten Bildes durch Vergleich charakteristischer Punkte des Beobachtungsbereichs (86) im verzerrten Bild mit zu den charakteristischen Punkten korrespondierenden Referenzpunkten in mindestens einer geographischen Karte des Beobachtungsbereichs (86).
28. 28. Verfahren zum Aufnehmen mindestens eines Bildes eines Beobachtungsbereiches (86), insbesondere eines Oberflächenbereiches der Erde, aus einer Beobachtungsposition (100), welche gegenüber dem Beobachtungsbereich (86) entgegen der Schwerkraftrichtung (26) erhöht ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Aufnehmen des mindestens einen Bildes eine optische Umlenkeinrichtung (20) an der Beobachtungsposition (100) positioniert und auf den Beobachtungsbereich (86) hin weisend ausgerichtet wird, dass ein an einer Aufnahmeposition (98) angeordnetes Objektiv (18) auf die vom Objektiv räumlich getrennte optische Umlenkeinrichtung (20) ausgerichtet wird und dass die Beobachtungsposition (100) gegenüber der Aufnahmeposition (98) in Schwerkraftrichtung (26) erhöht ist.
29. 29. Verfahren nach Satz 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Bild analog oder digital aufgenommen wird.
30. 30. Verfahren nach Satz 28 oder 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine optische Umlenkeinrichtung (20) mit mindestens einer optischen Reflexionsfläche (60) verwendet wird.
31. 31. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 28 bis 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein vom Objektiv (18) definiertes Bildfeld an der Beobachtungsposition (100) an eine Größe der Umlenkeinrichtung (20) angepasst wird.
32. 32. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 28 bis 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umlenkeinrichtung (20) an einer Flugvorrichtung (32) angeordnet oder ausgebildet wird.
33. 33. Verfahren nach Satz 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) in Form eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs (56), insbesondere in Form eines Ballons (54), ausgebildet wird, weiter insbesondere in Form eines Gasballons oder eines Heißluftballons, oder in Form einer Drohne ausgebildet wird oder dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) in Form eines bemannten Luftfahrzeugs (56), insbesondere in Form eines Zeppelins oder in Form eines Heißluftballons, ausgebildet wird.
34. 34. Verfahren nach Satz 32 oder 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flugvorrichtung (32) innerhalb des Beobachtungsbereichs (86) oder an der Aufnahmeposition (98) oder in der Nähe der Aufnahmeposition (98) mit mindestens einem Befestigungselement (68) beweglich oder unbeweglich festgelegt wird.
35. 35. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 28 bis 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Objektiv (18) automatisch auf die Umlenkeinrichtung (20) ausgerichtet und bei einer Bewegung derselben nachgeführt wird, insbesondere durch Verschwenken um mindestens eine Schwenkachse (36, 38, 40).
36. 36. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 28 bis 35, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine aufgenommene Bild entzerrt wird.
37. 37. Verfahren nach Satz 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine aufgenommene Bild entzerrt wird durch Vergleichen charakteristischer Punkte des Beobachtungsbereichs (86) im mindestens einen aufgenommenen Bild mit zu den charakteristischen Punkten korrespondierenden Referenzpunkten in mindestens einer geographischen Karte des Beobachtungsbereichs (86).
38. 38. Verwendung eines Systems (10) nach einem der Sätze 1 bis 27 zum Durchführen eines Verfahrens nach einem der Sätze 28 bis 37, insbesondere Aufnehmen von Personen (94) und Landschaften aus einer Vogelperspektive und/oder zur optischen Detektion und Positionsbestimmung von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (90).

The above description therefore includes in particular the embodiments of the system and method of at least one image of an observation area, defined below in the form of numbered sentences:

1. 1. System (10) for recording at least one image of an observation area (86), in particular a surface area of the earth, from an observation position (100) which is elevated relative to the observation area (86) against the direction of gravity (26), which system (10 ) an image generating device (12) with an imaging device (14) for imaging the observation area (86) onto a light-sensitive recording element (16), characterized in that the imaging device (14) has a lens (18) arranged at a recording position (98) and an optical deflection device (20), which is spatially separated from the objective (18), comprises that the observation position (100) is elevated relative to the recording position (98) in the direction of gravity (26), that the optical deflection device (20) is positioned at the observation position (100) and is aligned pointing towards the observation area (86) and that the lens (18) is aligned with the deflection device (20).
2. 2. System according to sentence 1, characterized in that the lens (18) has an optical focal length and that a distance (28) of the observation position (100) from the image generating device (12) is many times greater than the focal length, in particular more than ten times as big, especially more than twenty times as big.
3. 3. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the lens (18) is designed in the form of a telephoto lens (30) and / or zoom lens.
4. 4. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the image generating device (12) is designed by or includes an analog or digital camera (22).
5. 5. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the recording element (16) is a photographic film or a photoelectric sensor, in particular a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor.
6. 6. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the deflection device (20) comprises at least one optical reflection surface (60).
7. 7. System according to sentence 6, characterized in that the optical reflection surface (60) is defined by an optical mirror (58).
8. 8. System according to sentence 6 or 7, characterized in that the optical reflection surface (60) is convexly curved in the direction of the observation area (86).
9. 9. System according to one of sentences 6 to 8, characterized in that the reflection surface (60) has a radius of curvature (62) which is at least 0.1 m, in particular at least 0.5 m.
10. 10. System according to sentence 9, characterized in that the radius of curvature (62) of the reflection surface (60) is at most 10 m, in particular at most 1 m.
11. 11. System according to sentence 9 or 10, characterized in that the radius of curvature (62) is selected as a function of a spatial extent of the observation area (86) and a height (28) of the observation position (100) above the recording position (98) so that With the lens (18), at least part of the observation area (86) can be imaged onto the light-sensitive recording element (16), in particular the majority of the observation area (86), and more particularly the entire observation area (86).
12. 12. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that an image field (64) defined by the lens (18) at the observation position (100) is adapted or adaptable to a size of the deflection device (20).
13. 13. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the deflection device (20) is arranged or designed on a flying device (32), in particular on a flying device (32) with or without a drive (82).
14. 14. System according to sentence 13, characterized in that the flying device (32) is designed to rise against the direction of gravity (26) using static buoyancy.
15. 15. System according to sentence 13 or 14, characterized in that the flying device (32) is in the form of an unmanned aircraft (56), in particular in the form of a balloon (54), more particularly in the form of a gas balloon or a hot air balloon, or in the form of a Drone is designed or that the flying device (32) is designed in the form of a manned aircraft, in particular in the form of a zeppelin or in the form of a hot air balloon.
16. 16. System according to one of sentences 13 to 15, characterized in that the flying device (32) comprises a casing (55) and that the reflection surface (20) is arranged or formed on the casing (55).
17. 17. System according to one of sentences 13 to 16, characterized in that the flying device (32) is movable within the observation area (86) or at the recording position (98) or in the vicinity of the recording position (98) with at least one fastening element (68). or is fixed immovably.
18. 18. System according to sentence 17, characterized in that the at least one fastening element (68) is designed in the form of a rope (70), a cord, a rod or a chain.
19. 19. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the system comprises an alignment device (34) for aligning the lens (18), in particular the lens (18) being arranged on or on the alignment device (34).
20. 20. System according to sentence 19, characterized in that the alignment device (34) is designed to pivot the lens (18) about at least one pivot axis (36, 38, 40), in particular about two or three pivot axes (36, 38, 40) .
21. 21. System according to sentence 20, characterized in that the alignment device (34) is designed to pivot the lens (18) about at least two pivot axes (36, 38, 40).
22. 22. System according to sentence 20 or 21, characterized in that the at least one pivot axis (36, 38) runs transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the direction of gravity (26) or that the at least one pivot axis (40) is parallel or substantially parallel to the direction of gravity ( 26) runs.
23. 23. System according to one of sentences 19 to 22, characterized in that the alignment device (34) is designed in the form of a tracking device (42) for automatically tracking and aligning the lens (18) to the deflection device (20).
24. 24. System according to sentence 23, characterized in that the system comprises a control device (46) for controlling the tracking device (42).
25. 25. System according to sentence 23 or 24, characterized in that the tracking device comprises a light source (74), in particular in the form of a point light source, for generating a reflection point (76) on the deflection device (20) that can be detected by the image generating device.
26. 26. System according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the system (10) comprises an image processing device (50) for rectifying the at least one distorted image of the observation area imaged on the light-sensitive recording element (16).
27. 27. System according to sentence 26, characterized in that the image processing device (50) is designed to rectify the at least one distorted image by comparing characteristic points of the observation area (86) in the distorted image with reference points corresponding to the characteristic points in at least one geographical map of the observation area (86).
28. 28. Method for recording at least one image of an observation area (86), in particular a surface area of the earth, from an observation position (100) which is elevated relative to the observation area (86) against the direction of gravity (26), characterized in that for recording the At least one image, an optical deflection device (20) is positioned at the observation position (100) and is aligned pointing towards the observation area (86), so that a lens (18) arranged at a recording position (98) points to the optical deflection device (18) which is spatially separated from the lens ( 20) is aligned and that the observation position (100) is elevated relative to the recording position (98) in the direction of gravity (26).
29. 29. Method according to sentence 28, characterized in that the at least one image is recorded analog or digital.
30. 30. Method according to sentence 28 or 29, characterized in that an optical deflection device (20) with at least one optical reflection surface (60) is used.
31. 31. Method according to one of sentences 28 to 30, characterized in that an image field defined by the lens (18) at the observation position (100) is adapted to a size of the deflection device (20).
32. 32. Method according to one of sentences 28 to 31, characterized in that the deflection device (20) is arranged or formed on a flying device (32).
33. 33. Method according to sentence 32, characterized in that the flying device (32) is designed in the form of an unmanned aircraft (56), in particular in the form of a balloon (54), further in particular in the form of a gas balloon or a hot air balloon, or in form a drone or that the flying device (32) is designed in the form of a manned aircraft (56), in particular in the form of a zeppelin or in the form of a hot air balloon.
34. 34. Method according to sentence 32 or 33, characterized in that the flying device (32) is movable or immovable within the observation area (86) or at the recording position (98) or in the vicinity of the recording position (98) with at least one fastening element (68). is determined.
35. 35. Method according to one of sentences 28 to 34, characterized in that the lens (18) is automatically aligned with the deflection device (20) and is tracked when the same moves, in particular by pivoting about at least one pivot axis (36, 38, 40) .
36. 36. Method according to one of sentences 28 to 35, characterized in that the at least one recorded image is rectified.
37. 37. Method according to sentence 36, characterized in that the at least one recorded image is rectified by comparing characteristic points of the observation area (86) in the at least one recorded image with reference points corresponding to the characteristic points in at least one geographical map of the observation area (86).
38. 38. Use of a system (10) according to one of sentences 1 to 27 for carrying out a method according to one of sentences 28 to 37, in particular recording people (94) and landscapes from a bird's eye view and / or for optical detection and positioning of unmanned aircraft (90).

• 1: eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Systems zum Aufnehmen mindestens eines Bildes eines Beobachtungbereichs;
• 2: eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Systems zum Aufnehmen mindestens eines Bildes eines Beobachtungbereichs;
• 3: eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Systems zum Aufnehmen mindestens eines Bildes eines Beobachtungbereichs; und
• 4: eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Systems zum Aufnehmen mindestens eines Bildes eines Beobachtungbereichs.

The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention serves to provide a more detailed explanation in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:

• 1 : a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a system for recording at least one image of an observation area;
• 2 : a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a system for recording at least one image of an observation area;
• 3 : a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a system for recording at least one image of an observation area; and
• 4 : a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a system for recording at least one image of an observation area.

A first exemplary embodiment of a system 10 for recording at least one image of an observation area is shown schematically in 1 shown. It comprises an image generating device 12 with an imaging device 14 for imaging the observation area onto a light-sensitive recording element 16.

The imaging device 14 comprises a lens 18 and an optical deflection device 20 that is spatially separated from it.

The lens 18 is in 1 illustrated embodiment of the system 10 is connected to a housing 22 of a camera 24. The receiving element 16 is arranged in the housing 22.

In one exemplary embodiment, the receiving element 16 comprises a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor.

The system 10 in particular enables an arrangement of the lens at a recording position and the positioning of the deflection device 20 at an observation position which is opposite the recording position in the direction of gravity, which is in 1 symbolized by arrow 26, is increased.

The lens 18 is aligned with the deflection device 20, so that individual images or image sequences in the form of films or videos with the Image generating device 12 can be recorded from the observation area.

The lens 18 has an optical focal length such that a distance 28 of the deflection device 20 from the lens 18 and thus a distance 28 of the observation position from the image generating device 12 is many times greater than the focal length of the lens 18.

The lens 18 is designed either as a telephoto lens 30 or as a zoom lens or as a combined telephoto zoom lens.

The camera 22 is at the in 1 illustrated embodiment in the form of a digital camera 22. Alternatively, an analog camera can also be used.

A second exemplary embodiment of a system 10 for recording at least one image of an observation area is shown schematically in 2 shown. It includes all components of the above in connection with 1 described embodiment of a system 10. Identical or functionally similar components are therefore designated with the same reference numerals as in 1 illustrated embodiment.

The exemplary embodiment of the system 10, which is in 2 is shown, further comprises a flying device 32, on which the deflection device 22 is arranged or held or formed. The flying device 32 positions the deflection device 20 at the desired observation position, which is elevated against the direction of gravity 26 compared to the recording position at which the lens 18 is positioned.

The flying device 32, for example a balloon or a manned or unmanned aircraft, can basically move freely. In order to enable optimal capture of an image of the observation area, the in 2 illustrated embodiment of the system 10 an alignment device 34 for aligning the lens 18. The lens 18 is arranged on or on the alignment device 34 or coupled to it in another way.

The flying device 32 in the form of a balloon is thus designed to rise against the direction of gravity 26 due to static buoyancy, in particular by suitable selection of a filling gas for the balloon. For example, helium or hydrogen can be used here.

The alignment device 34 is designed to pivot the lens 18 about two mathematically linearly independent pivot axes 36 and 38. Optionally, the alignment device 34 can also be designed to pivot the lens 18 about three mutually linearly independent pivot axes 26, 38 and 40. The pivot axes can in particular be transverse, as shown schematically in 2 symbolized by the pivot axes 36 and 38, and optionally either parallel or substantially parallel, as shown schematically in 2 defined by the pivot axis 40, run to the direction of gravity 26.

The alignment device 34 is designed in the form of a tracking device 42 for automatically tracking and aligning the lens 18 with the deflection device 20. In one exemplary embodiment, the tracking device 42 comprises a drive device 44 for moving the alignment device 34 with the lens 18 in the desired manner.

A control device 46, which is connected to the tracking device 42 in a control-effective manner via a control line 48, serves to control the tracking device in such a way that the lens 18 is always and automatically aligned with the deflection device 20.

The optional equipment includes: 2 illustrated embodiment of the system 10 an image processing device 50, which is connected via a data line 52 to the camera 22, in particular the recording element 16, for exchanging image data or for transmitting the image data from the recording element 16 to the image processing device 50. The image processing device 50 is designed for equalization as required of the image of the observation area depicted on the recording element 16.

The image processing device 50 is designed to rectify the at least one distorted image by comparing characteristic points of the observation area in the distorted image with reference points corresponding to the characteristic points in at least one geographical map of the observation area.

Another embodiment of a system 10 is shown schematically in 3 shown. Components and elements of the system 10, the components and elements related to the 1 and 2 Described embodiments of systems 10 for recording images of an observation area are designated by identical reference numerals.

In this exemplary embodiment, the flying device 32, which is in the form of a ball filled with gas, is used to position the deflection device 20 lons is trained. The flying device 32 thus forms an unmanned aircraft 56.

The deflection device 20 hangs on the balloon 54 and is designed in the form of a mirror 58 which is convexly spherically curved and defines a reflection surface 60 pointing away from the balloon 54. The optical reflection surface 60 is therefore also convexly curved in the direction of the observation area.

A radius of curvature 62 of the reflection surface 60 is in the exemplary embodiment 3 in a range between 0.1 m and 10 m.

In other embodiments, the radius of curvature 62 can be at least 0.5 m. In exemplary embodiments of systems 10, the radius of curvature 62 is at most 1m.

This in 3 The illustrated embodiment of the system 10 is designed in particular in such a way that the radius of curvature 62 is selected as a function of a spatial extent of the observation area and a height that corresponds to the distance 28 of the observation position above the recording position, so that with the lens 18 at least part of the observation area can be imaged on the light-sensitive recording element 16.

Ideally, the system 10 with its components is designed or coordinated with one another in such a way that, in particular, the entire observation area can be imaged on the recording element 16.

The lens 18 defines an image field 64 at the observation position, which is or can be adapted to a size of the deflection device 20.

At the in 3 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the flying device 32 is movably fixed in the vicinity of the receiving position with a fastening element 68. The fastening element 68 is in the form of a rope 70 and attached to an anchor 72, which in one embodiment is designed as a ground anchor. Alternatively, the anchor 72 can also be designed in the form of an anchor element that can be fixed to a building or a tree, i.e. a plant.

The tracking device 42 comprises a light source 74, which is designed in the form of a point light source for generating a reflection point 76 on the deflection device 20. The camera 24 is on the tracking device 42 or the alignment device 34 comprised by it by two in 3 Pivot axes, not shown, can be pivoted in order to align the lens 18 so that the light source 74 generates the reflection point 76 on the deflection device 20 as centrally as possible on it.

An image field angle 78 of the lens 18 is significantly expanded due to the shape or curvature of the reflection surface 60. This is shown schematically in 3 drawn expanded field angle 80 symbolizes, which results directly from the field angle 78 taking into account optical imaging laws in cooperation with the curved reflection surface 60.

In 4 A further exemplary embodiment of a system 10 for recording at least one image of an observation area is shown schematically. It serves in particular to explain an application of the system 10. Here again, elements and components that correspond to elements and components that were explained in connection with the exemplary embodiments of systems 10 described above are designated with identical reference numerals.

The flying device 32 is designed in the form of a balloon 54, to which the deflection device 20 in the form of a spherically-convexly curved mirror 58 is attached. In 4 an optional drive 82 is shown schematically for moving the balloon 54, for example when it is driven away by wind, symbolized by the arrow 84.

The flying device 32 is attached to the anchor 72 with the fastening element 62 in the form of a rope 70. This one is at the in 4 illustrated embodiment is arranged on the bottom of the observation area 86.

The balloon 54 floats at a height 88 which, depending on the size of the observation area 86 to be monitored, lies in a range between 30 m and 3 km. Depending on the selected components, a radius of the observation area can be on the order of around 1 km.

The system 10 can be used in particular to prevent the intrusion of unmanned aircraft systems 90, such as one in 4 schematically shown mini drone 92, in the observation area 86 to monitor.

If the flight system 90 is located behind optical obstacles, such as trees 94, it is not visible to people 96 within the observation area 86. However, the flight system 90 can be detected by the system 10 if it is located within the deflected image field 64, which defines the image field angle 80.

With one or more image generation devices 12, images of fast-moving and small flight systems 90 can be recorded and their positions can be determined using optical methods.

The one or more image generating devices 12 are each arranged at recording positions 98. The deflection device 20 is positioned at an observation position 100, which is elevated opposite the direction of gravity 26 relative to the recording position 98 and also relative to the observation area 86.

By evaluating the captured images, airspace in particular, for example over events or security areas, can be monitored easily and safely. In particular, with the described systems 10 and the described methods, a position representation of the observation area 86 can be obtained from an elevated position, in particular to avoid objects that restrict visibility such as trees 94 or houses.

As already described, image distortions that result from a shape and/or orientation of the mirror 58 can be eliminated in real time while images are being captured. For this purpose, optical properties of the mirror 58 are determined before using the respective system 10. Furthermore, landscape markers from publicly available maps serve as reference points for image processing. Preferably, before using the respective system 10, a rectified image of the observation area 86 is recorded in a calibration phase.

The systems 10 and methods described above are used in particular to record people and landscapes from a bird's eye view. In other words, they can be used for aerial photography.

Furthermore, the systems 10 and methods can be used for the optical detection and position determination of unmanned aerial systems, for example when they penetrate existing no-fly zones. The systems 10 can therefore be used in particular to monitor no-fly zones.

Furthermore, the systems 10 can be used to monitor observation areas if they are difficult to see due to topography or obstacles such as trees or houses. Arranging the deflection device 20 on a flying device 31 makes it possible, in particular, to dispense with mobile masts for positioning cameras in elevated observation positions.

Furthermore, the deflection device 20 positioned at the observation position 100 makes it possible to be used for other uses, for example as deflection optics for additional optical sensors such as, in particular, distance measurement with laser.

Reference symbol list

10

system

12

Image forming device

14

Imaging facility

16

Recording element

18

lens

20

Deflection device

22

Housing

24

camera

26

Arrow

28

Distance

30

Telephoto lens

32

Flying device

34

Alignment device

36

Pivot axis

38

Pivot axis

40

Pivot axis

42

tracking device

44

Drive device

46

Control device

48

Control line

50

Image processing device

52

Data line

54

balloon

55

Covering

56

aircraft

58

Mirror

60

Reflection surface

62

fastener

64

Image field

68

fastener

70

Rope

72

anchor

74

light source

76

Reflection point

78

Field angle

80

Field angle

82

drive

84

Arrow

86

Observation area

88

Height

90

Flight system

92

Mini drone

94

Tree

96

person

98

Shooting position

100

Observation position

Claims (20)

System (10) for recording at least one image of an observation area (86), in particular a surface area of the earth, from an observation position (100) which is elevated relative to the observation area (86) against the direction of gravity (26), which system (10) is a Image generating device (12) with an imaging device (14) for imaging the observation area (86) onto a light-sensitive recording element (16), the imaging device (14) having a lens (18) arranged at a recording position (98) and a lens (18 ) spatially separated optical deflection device (20), wherein the observation position (100) is elevated relative to the recording position (98) in the direction of gravity (26), wherein the optical deflection device (20) is positioned at the observation position (100) and points to the observation area ( 86) is aligned pointing and wherein the lens (18) is aligned with the deflection device (20), characterized in that the optical deflection device (20) is arranged or formed on a flying device (32), in particular on a flying device (32) with or without drive (82). System after Claim 1 , characterized in that the lens (18) has an optical focal length and that a distance (28) of the observation position (100) from the image generating device (12) is many times larger than the focal length, in particular more than ten times as large, more particularly more than twenty times as big. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the lens (18) is designed in the form of a telephoto lens (30) and/or zoom lens and/or b) the image generating device (12) is formed by an analog or a digital camera (22 ) is designed or comprises one and / or c) the receiving element (16) is a photographic film or a photoelectric sensor, in particular a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflection device (20) comprises at least one optical reflection surface (60). System after Claim 4 , characterized in that the optical reflection surface (60) a) is defined by an optical mirror (58) and / or b) is convexly curved pointing towards the observation area (86). System after Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that the reflection surface (60) has a radius of curvature (62) which is at least 0.1 m, in particular at least 0.5 m. System after Claim 6 , characterized in that the radius of curvature (62) a) of the reflection surface (60) is at most 10 m, in particular at most 1 m, and / or b) depending on a spatial extent of the observation area (86) and a height (28) of the observation position (100) above the recording position (98) is selected so that at least part of the observation area (86) can be imaged onto the light-sensitive recording element (16) with the lens (18), in particular the majority of the observation area (86), further in particular the entire observation area (86). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an image field (64) defined by the lens (18) at the observation position (100) is adapted or adaptable to a size of the deflection device (20). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flying device (32) a) is designed to rise against the direction of gravity (26) using static buoyancy and / or b) in the form of an unmanned aircraft (56), in particular in the form a balloon (54), particularly in the form of a gas balloon or a hot air balloon, or in the form of a drone or that the flying device (32) is designed in the form of a manned aircraft, in particular in the form of a zeppelin or in the form of a hot air balloon, and/or c) comprises a casing (55) and that the reflection surface (20) on the casing ( 55) is arranged or designed and / or d) is movably or immovably fixed within the observation area (86) or at the recording position (98) or in the vicinity of the recording position (98) with at least one fastening element (68), in particular the at least a fastening element (68) is designed in the form of a rope (70), a cord, a rod or a chain. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system comprises an alignment device (34) for aligning the lens (18), in particular the lens (18) being arranged on or on the alignment device (34). System after Claim 10 , characterized in that the alignment device (34) is designed to pivot the lens (18) about at least one pivot axis (36, 38, 40), in particular about two or three pivot axes (36, 38, 40). System after Claim 11 , characterized in that a) the alignment device (34) is designed to pivot the lens (18) about at least two pivot axes (36, 38, 40) and / or b) the at least one pivot axis (36, 38) transversely, in particular vertically , runs to the direction of gravity (26) or that the at least one pivot axis (40) runs parallel or substantially parallel to the direction of gravity (26). System according to one of the Claims 10 until 12 , characterized in that the alignment device (34) is designed in the form of a tracking device (42) for automatically tracking and aligning the lens (18) to the deflection device (20). System after Claim 13 , characterized in that a) the system comprises a control device (46) for controlling the tracking device (42) and / or b) the tracking device comprises a light source (74), in particular in the form of a point light source, for generating a reflection point that can be detected by the image generating device (76) on the deflection device (20). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system (10) comprises an image processing device (50) for rectifying the at least one distorted image of the observation area imaged on the light-sensitive recording element (16), in particular the image processing device (50) being designed for rectifying the at least one distorted image by comparing characteristic points of the observation area (86) in the distorted image with reference points corresponding to the characteristic points in at least one geographical map of the observation area (86). Method for recording at least one image of an observation area (86), in particular a surface area of the earth, from an observation position (100) which is elevated relative to the observation area (86) against the direction of gravity (26), wherein an optical one is used to record the at least one image Deflecting device (20) is positioned at the observation position (100) and is aligned pointing towards the observation area (86), so that a lens (18) arranged at a recording position (98) is aligned with the optical deflecting device (20) which is spatially separated from the lens and in that the observation position (100) is elevated relative to the recording position (98) in the direction of gravity (26), characterized in that the optical deflection device (20) is arranged or formed on a flying device (32). Procedure according to Claim 16 , characterized in that a) the at least one image is recorded analogously or digitally and/or b) an optical deflection device (20) with at least one optical reflection surface (60) is used and/or c) an image field defined by the lens (18). at the observation position (100) is adapted to a size of the deflection device (20). Procedure according to Claim 16 or 17 , characterized in that the flying device (32) a) is designed in the form of an unmanned aircraft (56), in particular in the form of a balloon (54), further in particular in the form of a gas balloon or a hot air balloon, or in the form of a drone or that the flying device (32) is designed in the form of a manned aircraft (56), in particular in the form of a zeppelin or in the form of a hot air balloon, and/or b) within the observation area (86) or at the recording position (98) or in the Near the recording position (98) with at least one fastener Actuating element (68) is fixed movably or immovably. Procedure according to one of the Claims 16 until 18 , characterized in that a) the lens (18) is automatically aligned with the deflection device (20) and is tracked when the same is moved, in particular by pivoting about at least one pivot axis (36, 38, 40), in particular the at least one recorded image is equalized, and / or b) the at least one recorded image is equalized by comparing characteristic points of the observation area (86) in the at least one recorded image with reference points corresponding to the characteristic points in at least one geographical map of the observation area (86). Use of a system (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 15 to carry out a procedure according to one of the Claims 16 until 19 , in particular recording people (94) and landscapes from a bird's eye view and/or for optical detection and positioning of unmanned aircraft (90).

Images