DE102019103270A1 - METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE DETERMINATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method 100 for the distributed electrical power determination of at least one consumer 605, which is connected to a voltage source 601 via a voltage path 603, a voltage measuring device 607 determining a supply voltage U of the voltage source 601 at a voltage measuring point 613 on the voltage path 603, and at least a current measuring device 609 determines a consumer current I of the consumer 605 at a current measuring point 615 on the voltage path 603, comprising: recording voltage measured values DPU of the supply voltage U by the voltage measuring device 607 to determine a voltage profile TCU of the supply voltage U in a voltage measuring step 101, recording current measured values DPI a Consumer current I of the at least one consumer 605 by the at least one current measuring device 609 for determining a current profile TCI of the consumer current I in a current measuring step 103, analyzing the voltage Measurement values DPU of the supply voltage U and / or the measured current values DPI of the consumer current I with an analysis function AF in an analysis step 105 in order to determine voltage parameters AFPU of the voltage profile TCU of the supply voltage U and / or current parameters AFPI of the current profile TCI of the consumer current I, and to determine at least one Power value L taking into account the voltage parameters AFPU and / or the current parameters AFPI in a power value determination step 107.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the distributed determination of electrical power for a system with at least one consumer. The invention also relates to a system for distributed performance determination. The invention additionally relates to a computer program for executing a method for distributed performance determination and a storage medium with the computer program.

State of the art

In the case of a distributed power determination, the current and voltage of a system with at least one consumer are recorded at different points in the system. Compared to a power determination in which voltage and current are determined at the same point in the system, for example directly at the consumer, a distributed power determination, especially in systems with several consumers, can have the advantage that only one voltage measurement has to be carried out for several consumers. The value for the supply voltage determined during the voltage measurement is used in combination with the respective consumer currents determined at the points of the consumer to determine the power. Hardware components can be saved as a result, since an individual voltage measuring device is not required for each consumer, but rather one voltage measuring device is sufficient for a plurality of consumers.

From the document WO 2013/009942 A1 a method for the distributed power determination is known in which a voltage measurement is carried out at one point and a current measurement is carried out at another point in a system with at least one consumer.

However, the problem with the systems for distributed power determination known from the prior art is the transmission of the recorded current and voltage values to determine the power. Since measured values for current and voltage are recorded at different points in the system and by different system components, at least one data record must be transmitted from one system component to another system component in order to be able to determine the corresponding power, taking into account the recorded voltage and current.

In the prior art, with AC voltage, the power is determined on the basis of effective values for current and voltage. Among other things, this is based on the fact that instantaneous values for current and voltage would have to be used in order to determine the power exactly. However, this would mean transmitting large amounts of data, which leads to problems with current systems.

The determination of the power based on rms values for current and voltage is also unsatisfactory. RMS values for current and voltage represent a great simplification compared to the actual instantaneous values and a large part of the information contained in the instantaneous values is lost when simplifying the RMS values. These simplifications lead to measurement inaccuracies in the determination of power, especially in systems with comparatively high proportions of upper frequencies in current and voltage.

Disclosure of the invention

The object on which the invention is based can be seen in providing an efficient method for distributed electrical power determination of a system with at least one consumer, a system for distributed electrical power determination and a storage medium with a computer program for executing a method for distributed electrical power determination.

The object is achieved by means of the subjects of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the respective dependent claims.

According to one aspect of the invention, a method for the distributed electrical power determination of at least one consumer is provided, which is connected to a voltage source via a voltage path, wherein a voltage measuring device determines a supply voltage of the voltage source at a voltage measuring point on the voltage path, and wherein at least one current measuring device a supply current of the Determined consumer at a current measuring point on the voltage path. The method comprises the steps of: recording voltage measured values of the supply voltage by the voltage measuring device to determine a voltage curve of the supply voltage in a voltage measuring step, recording current measured values of a consumer current of the at least one consumer by the at least one current measuring device to determine a current curve of the consumer current in a current measuring step, analyzing the Measured voltage values of the supply voltage and / or the measured current values of the consumer current with an analysis function in an analysis step to determine voltage parameters of the voltage curve of the To determine the supply voltage and / or current parameters of the current profile of the consumer current, and to determine at least one power value taking into account the voltage parameters and / or the current parameters in a power value determination step.

This means that an efficient method for distributed power determination can be provided in a system with at least one consumer.

The distributed power determination, which in the following is understood to mean a power determination in which voltage and current are measured at different points in the system, can bring about a reduction in the hardware required.

Particularly in systems with a plurality of consumers, a power determination for each of the consumers can be achieved with only one voltage measuring device and a plurality of current measuring devices assigned to the individual consumers.

An individual voltage measurement for each consumer can be avoided. These are particularly disadvantageous for systems in which the supply voltage for the various loads varies only slightly. Local voltage measurements for each consumer in such systems do not provide any additional information compared to a single global voltage measurement of the supply voltage for the entire system and are consequently redundant.

However, a distributed power determination presupposes that, in order to determine at least one power value, measured voltage values of the supply voltage and / or measured current values of the consumer current are transmitted from the voltage measuring device and / or from the current measuring device to a corresponding system component, from which the respective measured values of the voltage and current are used for determination a corresponding power can be used, the measured values including measured voltage values and / or measured current values.

In this regard, the advantage is achieved that, in the present method, a comparatively small volume of data has to be transmitted to transmit the information relating to the supply voltage and / or the consumer current obtained from the recorded voltage and current measured values. This enables faster transmission of the data and, associated therewith, faster power determination for the individual consumers of the system.

Due to the higher information density of the parameters, whereby the parameters can be formed by voltage and / or current measured values, compared to non-analyzed voltage and current measured values, a higher information content per transferred data volume can be achieved with the transmission of voltage parameters and / or current parameters. Given a predetermined maximum transferable data volume, the transferred parameters can thus transfer a higher information content than would be possible with voltage or current measured values of the same data volume. For example, parameters can be transmitted which correspond to a set of measured voltage and / or current values, the data volume of which would exceed the maximum transferable data volume. Alternatively, parameters for several sets of voltage and / or current measured values can also be transmitted, while due to the high data volume of the individual data sets of the voltage and / or current measured values, not all data sets could be transmitted simultaneously.

The recorded voltage measurement values of the supply voltage and / or the current measurement values of the supply current are subjected to an analysis process before being transmitted to the corresponding system component to determine the performance. In the data analysis, voltage parameters of the voltage profile of the supply voltage and / or current parameters of the current profile of the consumer current are determined.

The determined voltage quantities and / or current parameters are then transmitted to the system component, which, taking into account the voltage quantities and / or current parameters, determines the power of the respective consumer. Instead of the recorded voltage and / or current measured values, the voltage parameters and / or current parameters are thus transmitted, whereby a substantial reduction in the amount of data to be transmitted is achieved.

The measured voltage values or the measured current values are analyzed and the voltage parameters or the current parameters are determined as a function of which of the voltage measured values or the voltage parameters or the current measured values or the current parameters are to be transmitted. If both voltage and current measured values are to be transmitted to the corresponding system component in order to determine the at least one power value, both the voltage measured values and the voltage parameters are determined and the current measured values are analyzed and the current parameters are determined.

Only parameters from the voltage measuring device or the at least one current measuring device are transmitted to the respective system component that is performing the power determination. A transmission of voltage or current measured values does not take place.

The power is determined taking into account the voltage parameters and / or current parameters. For example, the parameters can be designed such that a multiplication of the voltage parameters and current parameters leads to a corresponding power value.

A reverse transformation of the voltage parameters and current parameters into the corresponding voltage and current measured values is also possible. In this case, the power is determined taking into account the measured voltage and current values. The corresponding reverse transformation can be carried out by the system component used to determine the power, after the voltage parameters and / or current parameters have been transmitted from the voltage measuring device and / or the at least one current measuring device to the corresponding power component.

The data volume of the voltage parameters or current parameters to be transmitted is considerably reduced compared to a data volume of the voltage measurement values or the current measurement values. The parameters are selected in such a way that the information content of the voltage parameters or the current parameters corresponds to the information content of the voltage measured values or the current measured values. The information content can be restored at least by transforming the voltage parameters and / or current parameters into the voltage and / or current measured values.

A curve, in particular of the supply voltage, which is also referred to as voltage curve, or of the consumer current, which is also referred to as current curve, is in the following a development of the supply voltage or the consumer current over time and is determined by the respective voltage measurement values or current measurement values. The voltage curve or current curve can be reproduced by a suitable mathematical function or by a corresponding graph of the function.

In the following, an analysis function is a mathematical function that is used to analyze the measured voltage values and the measured current values, and that is suitable for reproducing the measured voltage values and the measured current values and for describing the corresponding voltage characteristics of the supply voltage and current characteristics of the consumer current.

An analysis function in the present sense can also include a respective inverse function that returns the analysis process to the output. The prerequisite for this, however, is that the inverse function enables a clear assignment of the parameter and the measured values to be analyzed, so that the inverse function clearly reproduces the measured values, taking the parameters into account.

In the following, parameters are quantities or parameters of the analysis function that can convey information regarding the progression of the respective measured values. For example, parameters can be parameters of an adaptation function by means of which measured values are analyzed by adapting the adaptation function to the data to be analyzed via a variation of the parameters, wherein the analyzing data can be formed by voltage and / or current measured values.

The parameters can, for example, also be other variables that are extracted from the measured values by means of the data analysis. In such a case, the analysis function can, in the broadest sense, be a rule for carrying out the analysis and extracting the parameters.

The parameters thus convey a clear information content regarding the recorded measured values. Taking into account the respective analysis function, the parameters enable a clear reproduction of the measured values and a description of the course.

The parameters and the analysis function are in a relationship such that the parameters are parameters of the analysis function. If the respective parameters assume the appropriate values through the previous analysis of the measured values, the respective measured values can be displayed and reproduced by the analysis function, taking the parameters into account.

According to one embodiment, the analysis of the measured voltage values of the supply voltage is carried out in the analysis step by the voltage measuring device, the analysis of the measured current values of the consumer current in the analysis step being carried out by the at least one current measuring device.

This has the technical advantage that no measured values have to be transmitted to determine the power.

By analyzing the voltage measured values of the supply voltage in the voltage measuring device and / or the current measured values of the consumer current in the at least one current measuring device and by creating the corresponding voltage parameters and / or current parameters, it is possible to avoid entire sets of recorded measured values of the supply voltage and / or of the consumer current must be transmitted to the respective system component to determine a corresponding power value.

Instead of the recorded measured values, only the determined parameters are transmitted. By choosing the parameters in such a way that, taking into account the respective analysis function, the corresponding measured values can be reproduced, the voltage parameters and / or current parameters convey an information content which can correspond to the information content of the measured values.

According to one embodiment, the step of analyzing the measured voltage values and / or the measured current values comprises the steps of: performing a spectrum analysis, in particular a discrete Fourier analysis, of the measured voltage values and / or the measured current values in a spectral analysis step, creating a voltage frequency spectrum of the supply voltage on the basis of the spectrum analysis of the measured voltage values and / or a current frequency spectrum of the consumer current based on the spectral analysis of the current measured values in a spectrum creation step, reducing the voltage frequency spectrum of the supply voltage and / or the current frequency spectrum of the consumer current to frequencies of a voltage base frequency and of first n voltage harmonics of the supply voltage and / or to frequencies of a current base frequency and of the first n Current upper frequencies of the consumer current in a reduction step, and identification of the voltage spectral values for frequencies of the voltage ngs fundamental frequency and the first n voltage harmonics of the supply voltage as voltage parameters and / or the current spectral values for frequencies of the current fundamental frequency and the first n current harmonics of the consumer current as current parameters in a spectral value identification step.

This achieves the technical advantage that, through the spectral analysis, the supply voltage and / or the consumer current are proportionally divided into a fundamental frequency, wherein the fundamental frequency can be formed by a voltage fundamental frequency and / or a current fundamental frequency, and up to n harmonic frequencies, the harmonic frequencies being a Voltage upper frequency and / or a current upper frequency can be formed, can be divided.

The spectral values of the supply voltage and / or the consumer current determined via the discrete Fourier analysis for the respective fundamental frequency or the fundamental frequency and the first n upper frequencies represent the voltage parameters and current parameters. The corresponding Fourier series, in which the spectral values function as series parameters, is used as an analysis function by means of which the voltage and current measured values can be displayed.

In addition to the advantage of reducing the data volume of the data packets to be transmitted by only transmitting corresponding parameters, the spectral values for the fundamental and upper frequencies, instead of transmitting the measured values, the advantage is achieved that by splitting the supply voltage and / or the consumer current A detailed determination of various voltage values and / or current values is made possible in fundamental and upper frequencies.

For example, in addition to the apparent power, the real power, the reactive power or the distortion reactive power can also be determined. This makes it possible to look at the influence of the harmonics. In this way, errors that occur, for example, when determining the power on the basis of effective values for current and voltage, in which the influence of harmonics is neglected, can be avoided.

A fundamental frequency of a periodic signal is understood to mean the relevant frequency of the signal over which the longest period of the periodic signal is determined. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency of the periodic components of the periodic signal. Upper frequencies, on the other hand, have frequency numbers that are an integral multiple of the basic frequency. In the following, fundamental waves, fundamental vibrations and fundamental frequencies can be used synonymously. What is to be understood is a periodic component of a periodic voltage or current signal with the frequency of the fundamental frequency of the signal. The same applies to the terms harmonic, harmonic and harmonic frequency, which can also be used synonymously.

According to one embodiment, the spectral analysis step further comprises determining at least one DC voltage component of the supply voltage and / or at least one DC current component of the consumer current, the at least one DC voltage component as a voltage parameter in the spectral identification step and / or the at least one direct current component is identified as a current parameter.

This has the advantage of a more precise spectral analysis.

According to one embodiment, the step of analyzing the measured voltage values and / or the measured current values comprises the following steps: performing an adaptation process of an adaptation function to the measured voltage values and / or the measured current values in an adaptation step, determining voltage parameters of the adaptation function, the adaptation function using the voltage parameters to describe the voltage curve of the supply voltage , and / or of current parameters of the adaptation function in a parameter determination step, the adaptation function describing the current curve of the consumer current with the current parameters, and identification of the voltage parameters of the adaptation function as voltage parameters and / or the current parameters of the adaptation function as current parameters in a parameter identification step.

This has the technical advantage that a simple analysis of the measured voltage values of the supply voltage and / or the measured current values of the consumer current can be provided.

In the following, an adaptation function is a mathematical function that is suitable for being adapted to the respective measured values to be analyzed in an adaptation process by varying corresponding parameters, so that the adapted function reproduces the corresponding measured values and describes a course of the measured values.

With the parameters varied accordingly, the adaptation function enables a clear reproduction of the measured values and a description of the course of the measured values. The adaptation function can be selected according to the requirements. For example, the most complex adaptation function possible with a large number of parameters to be varied can be selected in order to achieve the most exact adaptation of the adaptation function to the measured values and the most precise possible result for the power to be determined.

For example, however, a comparatively simply designed adaptation function with a comparatively smaller number of parameters can also be selected in order to achieve the fastest possible analysis that requires little processor power. The adaptation function can correspond to the analysis function.

According to one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of: synchronizing the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device to a reference time in a synchronization step, the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device each determining a local time, and the local time of the voltage measuring device and the local time the at least one current measuring device can be adapted in relation to the reference time.

In this way it can be achieved that the measurements, wherein the measurements can be formed by measured voltage values and measured current values, of the supply voltage and the consumer current can be coordinated with one another. In this way, it can be guaranteed that in the case of distributed power determination, in which current and voltage are measured at different points in the system, the respective measurements are carried out at coordinated times, and a meaningful result for the power determination can be achieved.

According to one embodiment, the synchronization of the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device in the synchronization step comprises determining a phase shift between the voltage curve of the supply voltage and the current curve of the consumer current in a phase shift determining step.

This has the technical advantage that a synchronization of the respective measurements of supply voltage and consumer current is achieved by means of the determined phase shift.

According to one embodiment, the at least one power value is an active power, a reactive power, a distortion reactive power or a total apparent power.

This has the technical advantage that a precise determination of the power is possible. In this way, a high level of information can be achieved in every measurement by making various performance factors accessible.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a system for distributed electrical power determination is provided which has a voltage source for providing a supply voltage, at least one consumer that is connected to the voltage source via at least one voltage path, a voltage measuring device for measuring the supply voltage at a voltage measuring point on the Voltage path, comprising at least one current measuring device for measuring a supply current of the consumer at a current measuring point on the voltage path, a processor unit for generating at least one power value, and a control unit for controlling the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device, wherein the voltage measuring device is designed to record voltage measured values of the supply voltage to determine a voltage profile of the supply voltage, to analyze the measured voltage values with an analysis function to determine voltage parameters of the voltage profile of the supply voltage, to create a first data packet that includes the voltage parameters, and to transmit the first data packet to the at least one processor unit, wherein the at least one current measuring device is designed to record current measured values of the consumer current in order to determine a current profile of the consumer current, the current Analyze s values with the analysis function in order to determine current parameters of the current profile of the consumer current, to create a second data packet that includes the current parameters, and to transmit the second data packet to the at least one processor unit, and wherein the at least one processor unit is designed to have at least one To determine the power value taking into account the voltage parameters and / or the current parameters.

This has the technical advantage that an efficient system for distributed performance determination can be provided.

The voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device record voltage measured values for the supply voltage and current measured values for the consumer current at different locations in the system. In this way, especially in systems with a plurality of consumers, additional voltage measuring devices with the associated cabling can be saved, which are required for a voltage and current measurement at one location for each of the consumers.

The recorded measured values can be analyzed in relation to certain parameters in the respective voltage and current measuring devices. The respective voltage parameters and current parameters can be arranged in first data packets and second data packets, with voltage parameters being combined in first data packets and current parameters in second data packets.

By creating the voltage parameters and current parameters and classifying the voltage parameters and current parameters in first data packets and second data packets, it can be avoided that whole sets of voltage measured values and current measured values have to be transmitted to determine the power.

The first data packets and / or second data packets can be transmitted by the voltage measuring device and / or by the at least one current measuring device to a processor unit, in which a power determination can be carried out taking into account the voltage parameters and / or current parameters.

The processor unit is designed to determine the respective power while taking into account the voltage parameters and / or current parameters.

For this purpose, the processor unit can take into account the voltage parameters and the current parameters for determining the power.

The processor unit can also carry out an analysis with the analysis function of measured voltage values or measured current values that were not previously analyzed and not transmitted.

The processor unit can likewise carry out an inverse transformation of voltage parameters or current parameters into the corresponding voltage measurement values or current measurement values. For this purpose, the processor unit uses the unique reverse function of the analysis function. In this case, the processor unit can take into account the measured voltage values and the measured current values to determine the power.

According to one embodiment, the voltage measuring device, the at least one current measuring device and the processor unit are designed to perform a spectral analysis, in particular a discrete Fourier analysis, of the measured voltage values and / or a voltage frequency spectrum of the supply voltage based on the spectral analysis of the measured voltage values and / or a current frequency spectrum of the To create consumer current based on the spectral analysis of the current measured values, to reduce the voltage frequency spectrum of the supply voltage and / or the current frequency spectrum of the consumer current to voltage spectral values of a voltage base frequency and of first n voltage harmonics of the supply voltage and / or to current spectrum values of a current fundamental frequency and of first n current harmonics of the consumer current, and the voltage spectral values for frequencies of the basic voltage frequency and the first n upper voltage frequencies of the supply voltage as a voltage curve sizes and / or the To identify current spectral values for frequencies of the current base frequency and the first n current upper frequencies of the consumer current as current parameters.

This has the technical advantage that the system can be used to perform a spectral analysis of the supply voltage and / or the consumer current, and in this way the supply voltage and / or the consumer current can be divided proportionally into a base frequency and up to n upper frequencies.

In addition to the advantage of reducing the data volume of the data packets to be transmitted by transmitting the spectral values for the fundamental and harmonic frequencies instead of the measured voltage values and / or measured current values by splitting the supply voltage and / or the consumer current into fundamental and harmonic frequencies, the spectral analysis can provide a detailed Determination of various voltage values and current values can be achieved.

For example, in addition to the apparent power, the real power, the reactive power or the distortion reactive power can also be determined. This makes it possible to consider the influence of the upper frequencies of the supply voltage and the consumer current. In this way, errors that occur, for example, when determining the power on the basis of effective values for current and voltage, in which the influence of harmonics is neglected, can be avoided.

According to one embodiment, the voltage measuring device, the at least one current measuring device and the processor unit are designed to carry out an adaptation process of an adaptation function to the measured voltage values and / or the measured current values, to determine voltage parameters and / or current parameters of the adaptation function, and to determine the voltage parameters of the adaptation function as voltage parameters and / or identify the current parameters of the adaptation function as current parameters.

This has the technical advantage that a simple analysis of the measured voltage values of the supply voltage and / or the measured current values of the consumer current can be provided.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises at least one communication connection between the voltage measuring device and the at least one processor unit and / or the at least one current measuring device and the at least one processor unit for transmitting the first data packet from the voltage measuring device to the at least one processor unit and / or the second data packet from the at least one current measuring device to the at least one processor unit.

This has the technical advantage that the first and / or second data packets can be transmitted between the voltage measuring device, the at least one current measuring device and / or that of an external process unit.

According to one embodiment, the at least one processor unit is formed in the voltage measuring device and / or in the at least one current measuring device or an external processor unit.

This ensures that the power can be determined both in the voltage measuring device, in the at least one current measuring device, or in an external processor unit.

This achieves the technical advantage of high flexibility. The determination of the power can be carried out in the at least one current measuring device; for this purpose, the voltage parameters must be transmitted from the voltage measuring device to the current measuring device.

The power can also be determined in the voltage measuring device. This in turn presupposes that the current parameters are transmitted from the at least one current measuring device to the voltage measuring device.

When determining the power in the voltage measuring device or the at least one current measuring device, either the voltage parameters and the current parameters or the voltage measured values and the current measured values must be available.

In the event that only one data set had to be transmitted because the processor unit is embodied in the voltage measuring device or the current measuring device, and thus only the measured voltage values or the measured current values were converted into the corresponding voltage parameters or the current parameters, the processor unit has to determine the power corresponding voltage parameters or current parameters are determined from the voltage measured values or current measured values that have not been analyzed to date.

Alternatively, an inverse transformation of the voltage parameters or current parameters is also possible by the processor unit, so that the power can be determined on the basis of the Voltage measured values and the current measured values can be carried out.

The processor unit is designed to create the voltage parameters and / or current parameters from the voltage and / or current measured values. The processor unit is also designed to carry out an inverse transformation of the voltage parameters and / or current parameters into the corresponding voltage measurement values and / or current measurement values.

Alternatively, the performance determination can also be carried out in an external processor unit. For this purpose, both the voltage parameters from the voltage measuring device and the current parameters from the at least one current measuring device must be transmitted to the external processor unit.

According to one embodiment, the communication link of the system is a bus system in which information from the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device can be read by the at least one current measuring device, or a centralized master-slave system in which the information from the voltage measuring device is sent to the at least one current measuring device is sent.

This has the technical advantage of reliable and fast data transmission.

According to a further embodiment, the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device can be synchronized with one another, the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device each having a local individual time determination for this purpose, and the local individual time determinations of the voltage measuring device and the at least one current measuring device being based on a global reference time of the system are tunable.

This ensures that, despite the measurements of the supply voltage by the voltage measuring device and the consumer current by the at least one current measuring device at different points in the system, both measurements can be coordinated with one another in terms of time, in order to obtain a meaningful result for the power determination based on the measurement results for voltage and To achieve current of the voltage measuring device and the current measuring device.

According to one embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of loads that are each connected to the voltage source.

This has the technical advantage that a distributed power determination is achieved for a plurality of consumers.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a computer program is provided, comprising instructions which, when the computer program is executed by a computer or the control unit, cause the computer or the control unit to execute a method for the distributed determination of electrical power.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a machine-readable storage medium is provided on which the computer program according to the invention is stored.

• 1 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform;
• 2 ein Ablaufdiagramm des Verfahrens zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 3 eine schematische Abbildung einer Spektralanalyse des Verfahrens zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 4 eine schematische Abbildung einer Versorgungsspannung und eines Verbraucherstroms des Verfahrens zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 5 ein Ablaufdiagramm des Verfahrens zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 6 eine schematische Abbildung eines Systems zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung gemäß einer Ausführungsform;
• 7 eine schematische Abbildung eines Ethernet-Netzwerkaufbaus mit einem Ethernet-Koppler und einer Spannungsmesseinrichtung und zumindest einer Strommesseinrichtung, die ringförmig an den Ethernet-Koppler angeschlossen sind und die eine Verarbeitung eines Ethernet-Telegramms im Durchlauf ausführen, gemäß einer Ausführungsform;
• 8 eine schematische Abbildung des Ethernet-Netzwerkbaus in 7 gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 9 eine schematische Abbildung eines ersten Datenpakets des Verfahrens zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform; und
• 10 eine schematische Abbildung eines Speichermediums mit einem Computerprogramm zur Ausführung des Verfahrens zur verteilten elektrischen Leistungsbestimmung.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred embodiments. Here show:

• 1 a flowchart of a method for distributed electrical power determination according to a first embodiment;
• 2 a flowchart of the method for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment;
• 3 a schematic illustration of a spectral analysis of the method for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment;
• 4th a schematic illustration of a supply voltage and a consumer current of the method for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment;
• 5 a flowchart of the method for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment;
• 6 a schematic illustration of a system for distributed electrical power determination according to an embodiment;
• 7th a schematic illustration of an Ethernet network structure with an Ethernet coupler and a voltage measuring device and at least one current measuring device, which are connected in a ring to the Ethernet coupler and which execute processing of an Ethernet telegram in transit, according to one embodiment;
• 8th a schematic illustration of the Ethernet network structure in 7th according to a further embodiment;
• 9 a schematic illustration of a first data packet of the method for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment; and
• 10 a schematic illustration of a storage medium with a computer program for executing the method for distributed electrical power determination.

1 shows a flow chart of the method 100 for distributed electrical power determination at least one in 6 shown consumer 605 according to a first embodiment. For a better understanding, the procedure is always related to the structure accordingly 6 described.

The consumer 605 is via a voltage path 603 with a voltage source 601 connected. A tension measuring device 607 determines a supply voltage U of the voltage source 601 at a voltage measuring point 613 on the tension path 603 and at least one current measuring device 609 determines a consumer current I of the consumer 605 at a current measuring point 615 on the tension path 603 .

According to 1 includes the procedure 100 for the distributed determination of electrical power, the process steps: Recording of voltage measurement values DPU the supply voltage U through the voltage measuring device 607 to determine a voltage curve TCU of the supply voltage U in one voltage measurement step 101 , Recording of current measured values DPI of a consumer current I of the at least one consumer 605 by the at least one current measuring device 609 to determine a current curve TCI of the consumer current I in one current measurement step 103 , Analyze the voltage readings DPU the supply voltage U and / or the measured current values DPI of the consumer current I with an analysis function AF in one analysis step 105 to display voltage parameters AFPU of the voltage curve TCU the supply voltage U and / or current parameters AFPI of the current curve TCI of the consumer current I, and determining at least one power value L taking into account the voltage parameters AFPU of the voltage profile TCU the supply voltage U and / or the current parameters AFPI of the current curve TCI the consumer current I in a power value determination step 107 .

For the distributed determination of electrical power from at least one electrical consumer 605 are in the voltage measurement step 101 by the voltage measuring device 607 Voltage readings DPU the supply voltage U of the consumer 605 recorded. The tension measuring device 607 takes the voltage readings DPU at a voltage measuring point 613 on.

In the current measurement step 103 , which takes place simultaneously with the voltage measurement step 101 can be carried out by the current measuring device 609 at one of the voltage measuring point 613 different current measuring point 615 Current measured values DPI of the consumer current I of the at least one consumer 605 recorded.

For the distributed determination of electrical power, voltage and current measurements are carried out at two spatially separated measuring points.

The recording of the voltage readings DPU in the voltage measurement step 101 and the recording of the current measurement values DPI in the current measurement step 103 by the voltage measuring device 607 and the current meter 609 can take a variety of voltage readings DPU in the voltage measurement step 101 and the recording of a plurality of current measurement values DPI in the current measurement step 103 include. The measurement values can be recorded continuously. However, it can also be limited to a predetermined measurement period. The voltage readings are preferably DPU and current measurements DPI during coordinated first time intervals T1 and second time intervals T2 recorded, in the first time intervals T1 Voltage readings DPU and in the second time intervals T2 Current readings DPI are recorded.

By recording the voltage readings DPU in the voltage measurement step 101 and current measurement values DPI in the current measurement step 103 can stress gradients TCU the supply voltage U and current curves TCI of the consumer current I are created. The tension curves TCU and currents TCI describe the development over time of the supply voltage U and the consumer current I and are determined by the respective measured voltage values DPU and current measured values DPI defined. The tension curves TCU and currents TCI can be done through an appropriately selected analysis function AF to be discribed.

After taking the voltage readings DPU in the voltage measurement step 101 and after recording the current measurement values DPI in the current measurement step 103 are in the analysis step 105 the voltage readings DPU and / or the current measured values DPI subjected to a data analysis. Either the voltage readings DPU or the measured current values DPI are analyzed. The Voltage readings DPU and the measured current values DPI are analyzed. Which of the two data sets are analyzed can be made dependent on which of the voltage measurement values DPU and the measured current values DPI for determining at least one line value L in a further course of the method 100 to a processor unit 611 should be transmitted.

It can take the voltage readings DPU or the measured current values DPI, which are used to determine the power of the voltage measuring device 607 or the current measuring device 609 should be transmitted in the analysis step 105 to be analyzed. Non-analyzed voltage readings DPU or current measured values DPI are not transmitted.

The analysis of the voltage readings DPU is from the voltage measuring device 607 in the analysis step 105 performed while the current readings DPI from the current measuring device 609 in the analysis step 105 to be analyzed.

The analysis of the voltage readings DPU and / or the current measured values DPI comprises an analysis of the respective measured values with a selected analysis function AF in the analysis step 105 . An analysis function AF is a mathematical function or a mathematical rule that is suitable from the voltage measured values DPU and / or the current measured values DPI, voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI of the voltage curves TCU and the current curves TCI to determine.

Voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI can for example be parameters of the analysis function AF which are varied accordingly during the analysis to the analysis function AF to the voltage readings DPU and / or to approximate the current measurement values DPI. Such parameters are therefore suitable for the voltage curves TCU and the current curves TCI the respective voltage measurement values DPU and the measured current values DPI taking into account the respective analysis function AF to be clearly characterized.

The analysis function AF is when analyzing the voltage readings DPU and the current measured values DPI are identical. Also are the parameters of the analysis function AF , which are varied during the analysis process, for both analyzes of the voltage measurement values DPU and the current measured values DPI are identical.

The through the respective analyzes in the analysis step 105 The voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI obtained are merely different numerical values of the same parameters.

The choice of parameters can depend on the choice of analysis function AF depend.

The voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI are not based on parameters of the analysis function AF limited. Alternatively, the voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI can also be derived from other variables that are generated by using the analysis function AF on the voltage readings DPU and / or current measured values DPI can be determined. The prerequisite, however, is that the respective measured voltage values are unambiguously derived from the voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI DPU and current readings DPI can be restored. This may require the respective analysis function AF the specified instruction is clearly reversible.

The number and the technical significance of the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI depend directly on the choice of the analysis function AF together and can choose between different analysis functions AF vary greatly.

After analyzing the voltage readings DPU and / or the measured current values DPI in the analysis step 105 is in the performance value determination step 107 at least one performance value L taking into account the in the analysis step 105 created voltage parameters AFPU and / or current parameters AFPI determined.

For this purpose, at least the voltage parameters AFPU are obtained from the voltage measuring device 607 or the current parameters AFPI from the current measuring device 609 to a processor unit 611 by means of which the performance determination is carried out in accordance with the performance value determination step 107.

Preferably in the analysis step 105 those measured values, i.e. the voltage measured values DPU or the current readings, DPI, or both, analyzed, sent to the processor unit 611 should be transmitted.

The processing unit 611 can in the voltage measuring device 607 be trained. In this case, in the analysis step 105 the measured current values DPI are analyzed and current parameters AFPI are determined in order to obtain them from the current measuring device 609 to the voltage measuring device 607 and the processor unit formed therein 611 to submit.

The processing unit 611 but can also be used in the at least one current measuring device 609 be trained. In this case, in the analysis step 105 the voltage readings DPU analyzed and the voltage parameters AFPU is determined in order to then use them by the voltage measuring device 607 to the current measuring device 609 and the processor unit formed therein 611 to submit.

The processor unit can deviate 611 but also an external processor unit 611 be that neither in the voltage measuring device 607 still in the current measuring device 609 is trained. In this case, in the analysis step 105 both the voltage readings DPU and the measured current values DPI are analyzed and the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI are determined accordingly, and both the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI are sent to the external processor unit 611 transmitted.

In the line value determination step 107 at least one power value L is determined taking into account the voltage parameters AFPU and / or current parameters AFPI.

In the event that the processor unit 611 in the voltage measuring device 607 or the current measuring device 609 trained and in the analysis step 105 only the voltage readings DPU or the measured current values DPI are analyzed and the corresponding voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI are determined and sent to the processor unit 611 have been transmitted can be used to determine the at least one performance value L in the performance value determination step 107 in the processor unit 611 the respective non-analyzed voltage measurement values DPU or current readings DPI with the analysis function AF analyzed and the corresponding voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI are determined.

Is the processing unit 611 for example in the voltage measuring device 607 trained and are in the analysis step 105 the measured current values DPI were analyzed and the current parameters AFPI were determined in order to obtain them from the current measuring device 609 to the voltage measuring device 607 and the processor unit formed therein 611 can be transmitted in the performance value determination step 107 the voltage readings DPU analyzed and the voltage parameters AFPU determined.

In the event that the processor unit 611 in the current measuring device 609 is formed and in the analysis step 105 the voltage readings DPU analyzed and the voltage parameters AFPU have been determined, the current measured values DPI can be analyzed in an analogous manner in power value determination step 107 and the current parameters AFPI can be determined.

The determination of the at least one performance value L by the processor unit 611 is then found on the basis of the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI in the power value determination step 107 instead of.

For this purpose, for example, the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI can be multiplied with one another. The way in which the at least one power value L is determined can, however, depend on the choice of the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI.

Alternatively, the transmitted voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI can also be transformed back into the corresponding measured voltage values DPU or current readings DPI by the processor unit 611 respectively.

For example, is the processor unit 611 in the current measuring device 609 trained and were consequently in the analysis step 105 the voltage readings DPU analyzed and the voltage parameters AFPU determined and sent to the processor unit 611 transmitted while the current readings DPI in the analysis step 105 have not been analyzed can in the performance value determination step 107 by the processor unit 611 the voltage parameters AFPU into the voltage measured values DPU be transformed back.

The at least one power value L is then determined on the basis of the measured voltage values DPU and the current readings DPI instead.

An inverse transformation of voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI into corresponding voltage measured values DPU or current measurement values DPI can be obtained, for example, by applying an inverse function of the analysis function AF or by a reverse action rule to that by the analysis function AF certain mathematical operating instructions are carried out on the respective voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI.

In the event that the processor unit 611 as an external processor unit 611 is formed, lie the processor unit 611 preferably the voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI, since these are to be transmitted by the voltage measuring device 607 or from the current measuring device 609 to the processor unit 611 in the analysis step 105 from the corresponding voltage measurement values DPU and the measured current values DPI have been determined.

The determination of the at least one power value L can thus be based on the transmitted Voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI are carried out.

Alternatively, the voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI can also be transformed back into the corresponding measured voltage values DPU and the measured current values DPI are made and the at least one power value L is determined on the basis of the measured voltage values DPU and the current measurement values DPI can be performed.

2 shows a flow chart of the method 100 for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment.

Unless otherwise stated, the method includes 100 in 2 the under 1 described steps.

According to 2 are in a synchronization step 209 the voltage measuring device 607 and the current meter 609 synchronized to a reference time.

The goal of the synchronization of the voltage measuring device 607 and the at least one current measuring device 609 in the synchronization step 209 is to record the voltage readings DPU by the voltage measuring device 607 in the voltage measurement step 101 and the recording of the current measured values DPI by the current measuring device 609 in the current measurement step 103 to coordinate in time. In this way it can be ensured that the voltage measurement points at different 613 and current measuring points 615 recorded voltage readings DPU and current measured values DPI can be used to determine the at least one power value L and a meaningful result can be achieved.

For synchronization according to the synchronization step 209 can use the voltage measuring device 607 and the current meter 609 each have an individual local time determination. For example, the voltage measuring device 607 and the at least one current measuring device 609 each have their own independent local clock, which enables an individual independent time determination for the respective measuring device.

The local clocks of the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring device 609 can then go to synchronization according to the synchronization step 209 be set in relation to a global reference clock that is independent of the local clocks, in that the deviations of the local clocks from the global reference clock are determined in each case.

Alternatively, one of the local clocks of the voltage measuring device can also be used 607 and the current measuring device 609 can be determined as a global clock. A synchronization according to the synchronization step 209 takes place analogously in this case, in that the local times of the local clocks are set in relation to the reference time of the reference clock.

For this purpose, for example, time signals can be sent from the reference clock to the local clocks, by means of which the local clocks can set the locally determined time in relation to the reference time.

According to 2 includes the analysis of the voltage readings DPU and / or the measured current values DPI in the analysis step 105 performing a spectrum analysis in a spectrum analysis step 201 .

The spectral analysis of the voltage measurement values DPU and / or the current measurement values DPI in the spectrum analysis step 201 is implemented in particular by a Fourier analysis or a discrete Fourier transformation.

The Fourier analysis, in particular the discrete Fourier transformation, of the measured voltage values DPU and / or the current measured values DPI enables the voltage measured values to be broken down DPU The supply voltage U shown and / or the consumer current I shown by the measured current values DPI into periodic components of the supply voltage U and the consumer current I with fundamental frequencies and upper frequencies.

Furthermore, the Fourier analysis, in particular the discrete Fourier transformation, allows a determination of the respective periodic components with the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ , Current base frequencies I ₀ , voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n , and upper current frequencies I ₁ , ..., I _{n of} the supply voltage U to be analyzed and / or the consumer current I.

For this purpose, voltage spectral values can be obtained from the Fourier analysis SDU ₀ and / or current spectral values SDI _{0 of} the basic voltage frequency U ₀ and / or the basic current frequency I ₀ and voltage spectral values SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n and current spectral values SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _{n of} the voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n , and the current harmonic frequency I ₁ , ..., I _n and the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1 of} the supply voltage U and the DC current component SDI _{n + 1 of} the consumer current I.

The voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n , and the direct voltage component SDU _{n + 1} and the current spectral values SDI ₀ , SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _n , and the direct current component SDI _{n + 1} are numerical values represent the proportional distribution of the respective periodic components of the periodic supply voltage U including the direct voltage component and the periodic consumer current I including the direct current component.

In addition, the voltage phase angles Φ _U1 , ..., Φ _{Un of} the voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n , and current phase angle Φ _I1 , ..., Φ _{In of} the current harmonic frequencies I ₁ , ..., I _n in relation to the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ , and determine the basic current frequency I ₀ .

For a more detailed description of the implementation of a Fourier analysis or a discrete Fourier transformation, reference is made to corresponding statements from the prior art.

In the embodiment described, the operating rule of the discrete Fourier transformation can, for example, the analysis function AF be.

In a spectrum creation step 203 is the result of the spectral analysis or the Fourier analysis of the voltage measurement values DPU and / or the current measured values DPI a voltage frequency spectrum SDU the supply voltage U and / or a current frequency spectrum SDI of the consumer current I created.

In the respective voltage frequency spectrum SDU the supply voltage U or the current frequency spectrum SDI of the consumer current I, the proportional composition of the supply voltage U or the consumer current I is shown from periodic components of different frequencies.

The supply voltage U or the load current I can be determined via a linear combination of sine or cosine functions in the respective voltage frequency spectrum SDU or power frequency spectrum SDI determined frequencies are shown, with those in the voltage frequency spectrum SDU or power frequency spectrum SDI The proportions of the respective frequencies shown serve as factors of the sine or cosine functions with the respective frequency.

In a Fourier analysis, such a linear combination is represented by a corresponding Fourier series.

In a reduction step 205 becomes the voltage frequency spectrum SDU the supply voltage U and / or the current frequency spectrum SDI of the consumer current I to the frequencies of a basic voltage frequency U ₀ and / or basic current frequency I ₀ and the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and / or the first n current harmonics I ₁ , ..., In reduced. In addition, the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} and / or the DC current component SDI _{n + 1 are} determined.

The direct voltage component SDU _{n + 1} and the direct current component SDI _{n + 1} represent the arithmetic mean of the periodic supply voltage U and the periodic consumer current I.

The fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ , the basic current frequency I ₀ , the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and the first n current harmonics I ₁ , ..., I _n represent the proportionally dominant components of the voltage frequency spectrum SDU the supply voltage U and the current frequency spectrum SDI of the consumer current I. In contrast, components with other frequencies can be neglected.

The components of the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ , the current fundamental frequency I ₀ , the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and the first n harmonics current I _1, ..., I _n and the voltage DC component SDU _{n + 1} and the current DC component SDI _{n + 1} are thus sufficiently in a manner as described above, a linear combination of the voltage curve TCU the supply voltage U or the current curve TCI of the consumer current I.

In addition, voltage phase angles Φ _U1 , ..., Φ _{Un of} the first n harmonics with the determined voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n to the fundamental oscillation with the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ the supply voltage U and / or the corresponding current phase angle Φ _I1 , ..., Φ _In the first n harmonics with the determined current harmonics I ₁ , ..., In for the fundamental oscillation with the fundamental current frequency I _{0 of} the consumer current I.

In a spectral value identification step 207 are then the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ , the voltage spectral values SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n of the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and the corresponding voltage phase angles Φ _U1 , ..., Φ _{Un of} the supply voltage U as voltage parameters AFPU and the current spectral values SDI _{0 of} the basic current frequency I ₀ , the current spectral values SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _{n of} the first n upper current frequencies I ₁ , ... , I _n and the corresponding current phase angle Φ _I1 , ..., Φ _{In of} the consumer current I identified as current parameters AFPI.

In addition, the direct voltage component SDU _{n + 1 is identified} as a further characteristic voltage AFPU and the direct current component SDI _{n + 1} as a further characteristic current AFPI.

Using the linear combinations of sine or cosine functions of the basic voltage frequency as described above U ₀ and the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} or the fundamental current frequency I ₀ and the first n upper current frequencies I ₁ , ..., In and the direct current component SDI _{n + 1} can with the corresponding voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , ..., SDU _n for the basic voltage frequency U ₀ and the voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and with the direct voltage component SDU _{n + 1} and with the current spectral values SDI ₀ , ..., SDI _n for the fundamental current frequency I ₀ and the upper current frequencies I ₁ , ..., I _n and with the direct current component SDI _{n + 1} as factors of the linear combinations the stress curve TCU the supply voltage U and the current curve TCI of the consumer current I can be reproduced.

The number of voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n or current harmonics I ₁ , ..., I _n , which are taken into account when analyzing the supply voltage U or the consumer current I, are variable and can be selected as required depending on the requirements. A higher number of considered harmonics can lead to a higher accuracy of the analysis.

After identification of the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ for the basic voltage frequency U ₀ and the voltage spectral values SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n for the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n , and the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} as voltage parameters AFPU and / or the identification of the current spectral values SDI ₀ for the current fundamental frequency I ₀ and the current spectral values SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _n for the first n current harmonics I ₁ , ..., I _n , and the direct current component SDI _{n + 1} as current parameters AFPI, these parameters are used in the power value determination step 107 used to determine the at least one power value L.

Depending on which of the voltage readings DPU or the current measured values DPI by means of the spectrum analysis in the spectrum analysis step 201 have been analyzed, see the determination of the at least one performance value L according to the performance value determination step 107 a further analysis of the voltage measurement values not previously analyzed DPU or current measured values DPI by means of the above-described spectrum analysis by the processor unit 611 in the spectral analysis step 201 in front.

After successful determination of the voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI by analyzing the voltage measurement values that have not been analyzed up to that point DPU or current measured values DPI, the at least one power value L can be determined on the basis of the voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI.

For example, are in the analysis step 105 the voltage readings DPU analyzed and the voltage parameters AFPU determined, but the current measurement values DPI not analyzed, are in the following power value determination step 107 the processor unit analyzes the measured current values DPI and determines the current parameters AFPI.

Are in the analysis step 105 the measured current values DPI is analyzed and the AFPI current parameters are determined, the measured voltage values DPU but not analyzed, you should proceed accordingly.

Are in the analysis step 105 both the voltage readings DPU as well as the measured current values DPI analyzed and the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI determined, can in the power value determination step 107 the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI are used to determine the at least one power value L.

For this purpose, for example, the voltage parameters AFPU, in particular the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , ..., SDU _n for the basic voltage frequency U ₀ and the voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n , and combine the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} into a voltage vector U, which contains the voltage spectral values of the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ and the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1 of} the supply voltage U, the index T denoting the transposed vector. $$\text{U}={\left[{\text{SDU}}_0,{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="SDU" filenames="DE102019103270A1\_0020.png" state="{{state}}">SDU</figure-callout>}}_1,...,{\text{SDU}}_{\text{n}},{\text{SDU}}_{\text{n}+1}\right]}^{\text{T}}$$

Analogously, the current parameters AFPI, in particular the current spectral values SDI ₀ , ..., SDI _{n of} the basic current frequency I ₀ and current harmonics I ₁ , ..., I _n , and the direct current component SDI _{n + 1} can be combined to form a current vector I that represents the Current spectral values of the Fundamental current frequency I ₀ and the first n upper current frequencies I ₁ , ..., I _n and the direct current component SDI _{n + 1 of} the consumer current I. $$\text{I.}={\left[{\text{SDI}}_0,{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="SDI" filenames="DE102019103270A1\_0020.png" state="{{state}}">SDI</figure-callout>}}_1,...,{\text{SDI}}_{\text{n}},{\text{SDI}}_{\text{n}+1}\right]}^{\text{T}}$$

From the two voltage vectors U and current vector I, a matrix S of the apparent power S can be created below, where I * is the complex conjugate current vector I of the current parameters AFPI or the harmonics, i.e. the current fundamental frequency I ₀ and the first n current harmonics I ₁ , .. ., I _n , of the supply current I. $$\underset{\_}{s}=U\times \mathrm{I.}*=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{S.}D{U}_0\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_0^{*}& \cdots & \mathrm{S.}D{U}_0\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_{n+1}^{*}\\ ⋮& \ddots & ⋮\\ \mathrm{S.}D{U}_{n+1}\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_0^{*}& \cdots & \mathrm{S.}D{U}_{n+1}\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_{n+1}^{*}\end{array}\right]$$

From this, both the active power P, the reactive power Q and the distortion reactive power D can be determined.

identische Indizes i und j aufweisen, wobei i und j die Zeilen- und Spalteneinträge der Matrix S beschreiben, sodass gilt $\Re \left\{SD{U}_i\cdot SD{I}_i^{*}\right\},\forall i\le n+1$

$$P={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=0}^{n+1}\Re \left\{SD{U}_i\cdot SD{I}_i^{*}\right\}}$$

The real power P results from the summation of the real parts of the diagonal of the matrix S of the apparent power for which the matrix entries $\mathrm{S.}D{U}_i\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_j^{*}$

have identical indices i and j, where i and j describe the row and column entries of the matrix S, so that applies $\Re \left\{\mathrm{S.}D{U}_i\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_i^{*}\right\},\forall i\le n+1$

$$P={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=0}^{n+1}\Re \left\{\mathrm{S.}D{U}_i\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_i^{*}\right\}}$$

ergibt die Blindleistung Q. $$Q={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=0}^{n+1}\Im \left\{SD{U}_i\cdot SD{I}_j^{*}\right\}}$$

The analog summation of the imaginary parts of the diagonal entries with identical indices for $\mathrm{S.}D{U}_i\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_j^{*}$

gives the reactive power Q. $$Q={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=0}^{n+1}\Im \left\{\mathrm{S.}D{U}_i\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_j^{*}\right\}}$$

verschieden sind. $$D=\sqrt{{\displaystyle {\sum }_{i\ne j;i,j\le n+1}SD{U}_i\cdot SD{I}_j^{*}}}$$

The distortion reactive power D, on the other hand, results from a summation of all further matrix entries for which the indices for $\mathrm{S.}D{U}_i\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_j^{*}$

are different. $$D=\sqrt{{\displaystyle {\sum }_{i\ne j;i,j\le n+1}\mathrm{S.}D{U}_i\cdot \mathrm{S.}D{\mathrm{I.}}_j^{*}}}$$

The total apparent power S results from a summation of the squares of the active line P, the reactive power Q and the distortion reactive power D. $$\mathrm{S.}=\sqrt{P^2+Q^2+D^2}$$

The analysis of the voltage readings DPU and the measured current values DPI on the basis of a spectral analysis, in particular a discrete Fourier transformation, consequently enables various components of the total apparent power S.

Alternatively, is in the performance value determination step 107 also an inverse transformation of the voltage parameters AFPU and current parameters AFPI into the corresponding measured voltage values DPU and current measurement values DPI possible.

Such an inverse transformation can be achieved, for example, by performing a corresponding Fourier inverse transformation of the determined voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , ..., SDU _n for the fundamental frequency U ₀ and the harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n the supply voltage U or the current spectral values SDI ₀ , ..., SDI _n for the fundamental frequency I ₀ and the upper frequencies I ₁ , ..., I _{n of} the consumer current I in the corresponding voltage measurement values DPU or current measurements DPI is performed. Are in the analysis step 105 Voltage readings DPU or current measured values DPI have not been analyzed, these remain unchanged.

The at least one power value L can then be determined taking into account the measured voltage values obtained in this way DPU and the measured current values DPI in the power determination step 107 , for example by multiplying individual voltage measurement values DPU and current readings DPI.

In one embodiment, the discrete Fourier transform can be performed as a fast Fourier transform.

3 shows a schematic illustration of a spectral analysis of the method 100 for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment.

Under consideration of 3 the procedure of the spectral analysis described above is described again in illustrative form.

3 is limited to the supply voltage U for reasons of clarity. This in 3 However, what is shown can be transferred analogously to consumer current I.

In the supply voltage U against time t Diagram, which can also be referred to as diagram a), is a voltage curve over time TCU the supply voltage U shown. However, the curve shown in diagram a) is only used for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be a real time voltage curve TCU a supply voltage U represent.

The voltage curve shown TCU shows the periodic course of a fundamental oscillation with a fundamental voltage frequency, even if it is only vaguely recognizable U ₀ , but caused by harmonics with voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _{n is} superimposed and correspondingly distorted. The supply voltage U shown results from a superposition of a periodic Voltage signal of the basic voltage frequency U ₀ and various voltage signals of the voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} .

By means of the spectrum analysis according to the spectrum analysis step 201 the individual periodic voltage signals can be separated according to frequencies.

This is for the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ , the first voltage harmonic U ₁ and the second voltage harmonic U ₂ shown with the three sine functions of different frequencies. The sine functions shown here are merely illustrative and do not describe any real fundamental and harmonics of a supply voltage U.

In diagram b), in the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , ..., SDU _n for the fundamental frequency U ₀ and harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _{n of} the supply voltage U versus the frequency f are plotted is the corresponding voltage frequency spectrum SDU the voltage curve shown in diagram a) TCU the supply voltage U shown.

The individual components of the supply voltage U are plotted in diagram b) proportionally according to their respective frequency. The three voltage spectral values shown as peaks in diagram b) SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , SDU ₂ correspond to the three sine functions with the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ and the voltage harmonics U ₁ , U ₂ . The height of the respective peaks numerically represents the proportion that the respective fundamental and harmonics in the voltage curve shown in diagram a) TCU turn off. In relation to the three sine functions shown, the heights of the peaks, i.e. the numerical values, correspond to the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , SDU ₂ , the amplitudes of the corresponding sine functions.

The DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} corresponds in this regard to a constant offset of the supply voltage U with respect to the Y-axis.

When reducing the voltage frequency spectrum SDU the supply voltage U to the basic voltage frequency U ₀ and the voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n according to the reduction step 205 are made from a voltage frequency spectrum SDU , comparable to that in diagram b), only the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n the voltage base and voltage harmonics U ₀ , U ₁ , ..., U _n considered.

When identifying the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ and the voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n as voltage parameters AFPU according to the spectral value identification step 207 the voltage parameters AFPU comprise n + 1 pairs of numbers consisting of a frequency value of the respective basic voltage frequency U ₀ or voltage harmonic U ₁ , ..., U _n and a numerical value that represents the proportion of the corresponding frequency in the voltage curve TCU the supply voltage U, i.e. the respective voltage spectral value SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n . Furthermore, the voltage parameters AFPU can include at least one additional value for the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} .

4th shows a schematic illustration of a supply voltage U and a consumer current I of the method 100 for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment.

A voltage-time diagram is shown in which a voltage profile over time TCU a supply voltage U is shown, and a current-time diagram in which a current curve over time TCI a consumer current I is shown.

To simplify the illustration, both the supply voltage U and the consumer current I are shown as pure sine voltage and pure sine current. In reality, both the supply voltage U and the consumer current I can of course deviate significantly from a pure sinusoidal voltage or a pure sinusoidal current.

In addition, the voltage-time diagram shows a first time interval T ₁ with a first starting time t _U marked. This first time interval T ₁ characterizes the time span over which the voltage measurement step 101 from the voltage measuring device 607 Voltage readings DPU the supply voltage U are recorded. These voltage readings DPU are exemplified by five voltage measurement values in the voltage-time diagram DPU shown. However, a large number of voltage measurement values can be carried out over the entire first time interval T ₁ DPU be included.

The current-time diagram has an analogous second time interval T ₂ with a second starting time t _I that describes the time span over which in the current measurement step 103 from the current measuring device 609 Current measured values DPI of the consumer current I are recorded. For the sake of clarity, no current measured values DPI are shown in the current-time diagram.

The first time interval T ₁ and the second time interval T ₂ are of the same length and thus describe an identical time span in which the measured voltage values DPU and current measured values DPI are recorded.

The first time interval T ₁ and the second time interval T ₂ are, however, shifted in time with respect to one another and have different starting times t _U , t _I on.

About the synchronization according to the synchronization step 209 can by comparing the first and second start times t _U , t _I of the first and second time intervals T ₁ , T ₂ to the global reference time, a phase shift ΔΦ of the supply voltage U and the load current I can be determined. By means of this phase shift ΔΦ for synchronization according to the synchronization step 209 a corresponding correction of the recorded voltage measurement values DPU or current measured values DPI can be carried out.

In the event that, for example, the local clock of the voltage measuring device 607 serves as a global reference clock, the first start time t _U as a timestamp 915 serve. By this timestamp 915 from the voltage measuring device 607 to the current measuring device 609 is transmitted, the first start time can be compared t _U with the respective second start times t _I of the current measuring devices 609 for synchronization of the current measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 run by the local clocks of the electricity meters 609 for reference clock of the voltage measuring device 607 is set in relation.

5 shows a flow chart of the method 100 for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment.

Unless otherwise stated, the method includes 100 in 5 the under 1 and 2 described steps.

According to 5 will analyze the voltage readings DPU and / or the current measurement values DPI according to the analysis step 105 realized in that according to an adjustment step 501 an adaptation process of an adaptation function to the measured voltage values to be analyzed DPU and / or current measurements DPI is performed.

An adaptation process can be a process in which, by varying corresponding parameters of a mathematical adaptation function, these are applied to the measured voltage values to be analyzed DPU and / or current measured values DPI is adapted, so that after successful adaptation, the adaptation function can adjust the voltage measured values DPU and / or reproduces the measured current values DPI and the respective voltage profiles TCU or current curves TCI describes.

When adjusting, the voltage readings DPU and the current measurement values DPI each use the same adjustment function. Also be used to adapt to the voltage readings DPU and the current readings DPI varied the same parameters.

The adaptation of the adaptation function to the voltage measured values DPU results according to a parameter determination step 503 thus stress parameters PU while the adaptation of the adaptation function to the current measured values DPI results in current parameters PI.

The stress parameters PU and the current parameters PI describe the actual numerical values that are generated for the respective parameters of the adaptation function by the adaptation process of the adaptation function to the voltage measured values DPU or the current readings DPI can be obtained. The stress parameters PU and the current parameters PI are therefore only different numerical values of the same parameter, and are characterized in that they are due to the adaptation processes of the adaptation function to the measured voltage values DPU and the current readings DPI are obtained.

The type of parameters that are used to adapt the adaptation function to the voltage readings DPU or the current measurement values DPI selected and varied depend on the selected adaptation function. The choice of the suitable adaptation function can in turn be based on the voltage curve TCU the supply voltage U and / or the current curve TCI of the consumer current I of the measured voltage values DPU and / or current measurement values depend on the DPI.

If the adaptation function has been successfully adapted to the measured voltage values DPU and / or the current measured values DPI are in a parameter identification step 505 the stress parameters PU identified as voltage parameters AFPU and / or the current parameters PI as current parameters AFPI.

In the subsequent performance value determination step 107 at least one power value L is determined taking into account the voltage parameters AFPU and / or current parameters AFPI.

Are in the analysis step 105 Voltage readings DPU or current measured values DPI have not been analyzed, the determination of the at least one power value L takes place according to the power value determination step 107 further analysis of this up voltage measurement values not analyzed DPU or current readings DPI using the adjustment process.

After successful determination of the voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI by analyzing the voltage measurement values that have not been analyzed up to that point DPU or current measured values DPI, the at least one power value L can be determined on the basis of the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI.

Alternatively, you can also use those in the analysis step 105 by means of the adaptation process of the adaptation function to the voltage measurement values DPU and / or current measurement values DPI, specific voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI into the corresponding voltage measurement values DPU and / or current measured values DPI are transformed back.

Such an inverse transformation can be achieved, for example, by adding the voltage parameters to the adapted adaptation function PU or current parameters PI are used and consequently the voltage curve TCU the supply voltage U or the current curve TCI of the consumer current I of the measured voltage values DPU or the current measured values DPI describes, time values corresponding to the respective measured values are used in order to generate the corresponding measured voltage values DPU or to achieve current readings DPI.

Are in the analysis step 105 Voltage readings DPU or current measured values DPI not analyzed and no corresponding voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPU have been determined, these voltage measured values remain DPU or current measured values DPI in the following unchanged.

A power determination of the at least one power value L is then taking into account the voltage measurement values obtained in this way DPU and current measurement values DPI, for example by multiplying individual voltage measurement values DPU and current readings DPI.

6 shows a schematic diagram of a system 600 for distributed electrical power determination according to one embodiment.

According to 6 includes the system 600 a voltage source for distributed electrical power determination 601 for providing a supply voltage U, at least one consumer 605 that has a voltage path 603 with the voltage source 601 is connected to a voltage measuring device 607 for measuring the supply voltage U at a voltage measuring point 613 on the tension path 603 , at least one current measuring device 609 for measuring a supply current I of the consumer 605 at a current measuring point 615 on the tension path 603 , a processing unit 611 for determining at least one performance value L and a control unit 617 to control the voltage measuring device 607 and the at least one current measuring device 609 .

The tension measuring device 607 is designed to take voltage readings DPU the supply voltage U to record a voltage curve TCU of the supply voltage U and the measured voltage values DPU with an analysis function AF to analyze the voltage characteristics AFPU of the voltage curve TCU the voltage readings DPU to determine.

Furthermore, the voltage measuring device 607 designed to create a first data packet DPI, which comprises the voltage parameters AFPU, and the first data packet DPI to the at least one processor unit 611 to submit.

The at least one current measuring device 609 is designed to record current measured values DPI of the consumer current I in order to establish a current curve TCI of the consumer current I, and the measured current values DPI with the analysis function AF to analyze current parameters AFPI of the current curve TCI to determine the current readings DPI.

In addition, the current measuring device 609 formed a second data packet DP2 to create, which includes the flow parameters AFPI, and the second data packet DP2 to the at least one processor unit 611 to submit.

The at least one processor unit 611 is designed to determine at least one power value L taking into account the voltage parameters AFPU and / or the current parameters AFPI.

The system 600 also has a control unit 617 by means of which the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 controlled or by means of which a distributed performance determination can be initialized. The control unit 617 can be used as an internal control unit integrated in the system 617 or as an external control unit 617 be trained.

The control unit 617 , the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 can communicate with each other via a Communication link 619 be connected. The communication link 619 can be a data bus, which in turn can be implemented, for example, by a field bus system. The communication between the control device 607 and the tension measuring device 607 and the current measuring device 609 can take place via data communication via the data bus, for example via the exchange of corresponding data packets. The data packets can meet the requirements of certain bus protocols and can be configured as Ethernet protocols or EtherCAT protocols, for example.

In 6 includes the system 600 three consumers 605 , each across the voltage path 603 with the voltage source 601 are connected. Each of the consumers 605 has a current measuring device 609 on that in series to the respective consumer 605 is connected to the consumer current I of the respective consumer 605 to determine. A higher or lower number of consumers 605 but would also be conceivable.

In 6 supplies the voltage source 601 a three-phase alternating voltage. However, the invention is not intended to be limited thereto.

In the embodiment in 6 each of the current measuring devices 609 a processor 611 in the respective current measuring device 609 is trained.

However, it is also conceivable to use the processor 611 in the voltage measuring device 607 or as an external processor 611 to train.

The one voltage measuring device 607 and the three current measuring devices 609 are via a communication link 619 connected to each other, via which the voltage measuring device 607 is able to generate a first data packet DPI with voltage parameters DPU from an analysis of the voltage readings DPU the supply voltage U to the individual current measuring devices 609 to submit.

This first data packet DPI can, for example, be integrated into a bus protocol of a bus system. For example, such a bus protocol can be implemented through an Ethernet telegram ET or implemented by an EtherCAT telegram.

For a distributed power determination of at least one power value L, the voltage measuring device takes 607 at a voltage measuring point 613 Voltage readings DPU the supply voltage U according to the voltage measurement step 101 of the procedure 100 for distributed performance determination.

The current measuring devices 609 take according to the current measurement step 103 at current measuring points 615 Current measured values DPI of the consumer current I.

The voltage measuring points 613 and the current measuring points 615 are spatially at different points in the system 600 arranged.

The voltage measuring device then analyzes 607 the voltage readings DPU with an analysis function AF and creates voltage parameters AFPU according to the analysis step 105 of the procedure 100 .

For example, the voltage measuring device 607 for analyzing the voltage measurement values DPU in the analysis step 105 a spectrum analysis according to the spectrum analysis step 201 , the spectrum creation step 203 , the reduction step 205 and the spectral value identification step 207 carry out.

Alternatively, the voltage measuring device 607 also an analysis of the voltage readings DPU with an adjustment function according to the adjustment step 501 , the parameter determination step 503 and the parameter identification step 505 carry out.

The voltage measuring device then creates 607 a first data packet DPI with the voltage parameters AFPU and transmits this via the communication link 619 to the current measuring devices 609 .

The current measuring devices 609 take in the current measurement step 103 Current measured values DPI and can already be used in the analysis step 105 this, for example by means of the spectrum analysis according to the spectrum analysis step 201 , the spectrum creation step 203 , the reduction step 205 and the spectral value identification step 207 , analyze and determine the current parameters AFPI.

Alternatively, the current measuring devices 609 , or the processor units formed therein 611 , also only in a performance value determination step 107 Analyze the measured current values DPI and determine current parameters AFPI in order to determine the at least one power value L on the basis of the voltage parameters AFPU and the current parameters AFPI.

A reverse transformation of the data in the first data packet DPI to the current measuring devices is also possible 609 transmitted Voltage parameters AFPU in the voltage measured values DPU by the current measuring devices 609 , or by the processor units formed therein 611 to based on the voltage readings DPU and to determine the at least one power value L, measured current values DPI.

For synchronization of the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 have the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 each has an individual local time determination (not shown). For example, the tensioning device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 each with a local clock.

The synchronization can be carried out according to the synchronization step 209 by adjusting the internal local clocks of the voltage device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 with a global time determination, for example a global reference clock of the system 600 , be achieved.

For example, one of the local clocks of the voltage measuring device can also be used 607 and the current measuring devices 609 serve as a global reference clock. The local clocks that do not serve as global reference clocks can be compared with the global reference clock by using the respective voltage measuring device 607 or the current meter 609 , which is formed with the global reference clock, corresponding time determinations to the respective other voltage measuring devices 607 or current measuring devices 609 sends, by means of which the local clocks of the voltage measuring device 607 or the current measuring devices 609 can be matched.

For the in 6 system shown 600 , in which the voltage measuring device 607 in front of the current measuring devices 609 is arranged, the local clock of the voltage measuring device 607 be designed as a global reference clock.

For synchronization, the voltage measuring device 607 a reference time of the global reference clock to the current measuring devices 609 be transmitted by means of a first data packet DPI, so that the local clocks of the current measuring devices 609 can be set in relation to the reference time of the reference clock.

The data transmission of the first data packets DPI and / or second data packets DP2 between the voltage measuring device 607 and / or the current measuring devices 609 , or the processor units formed in these 611 , can by means of the communication link 619 be realized in 6 between the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 is trained.

As already mentioned above, the control unit 617 , the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 be integrated in a field bus system, for example in an Ethernet network.

In Ethernet networks, the majority of participants, also known as nodes, are connected to one another via a common transmission medium, with the data to be transmitted being encapsulated in so-called Ethernet data packets, also referred to below as Ethernet telegrams, with a predetermined format.

The Ethernet consists of three areas, the transmission medium and the network interfaces, i. H. the hardware, the set of protocols that control access to the transmission medium, and the Ethernet packet form. The Ethernet basically represents a bus network, with any network topologies, e.g. Star, bus or tree networks can be used.

Ethernet data transmission usually takes place with the aid of the CSMA / CD access method, in which data transmission is only carried out when the network is quiet, i.e. no further data is being transmitted at this point in time. A collision avoidance mechanism is also provided.

The Ethernet data packet itself can have a data length of up to 1500 bytes, with the data being encapsulated by means of headers and trailers that specify an initial identifier, the destination and source address, the data packet type and the error detection mechanism.

Ethernet has established itself as the communication standard for network systems, especially in office communication, since standard hardware components and software protocols can be used and, in addition, high data transmission rates are possible. For this reason, it is also desirable to be able to use the Ethernet standard in an industrial environment for data transmission, in particular for control tasks.

The main problem here is the lack of real-time capability of the Ethernet standard, so that automation tasks with real-time applications are usually carried out separately from Ethernet communication networks in independent control assemblies, so-called field bus systems.

A network structure can be implemented in order to be able to use the Ethernet standard and a correspondingly designed network in a simple and inexpensive way also for the execution of automation tasks, especially those in which the individual participants involved in the control only need process data of a few bytes in which an additional network coupler, hereinafter also referred to as Ethernet coupler, is provided, which has an external interface for connection to an Ethernet network.

7th shows a schematic illustration of an Ethernet network structure 700 with an Ethernet terminal system 701 connected to an external data bus 703 connected to an Ethernet network.

The Ethernet terminal system 701 includes an ethernet coupler 702 and a voltmeter clamp 709 and at least one ammeter terminal 711 . The Ethernet coupler 702 and the respective voltage and current meter terminals 709 , 711 are mechanically and electrically connected to each other. Of course, between the Ethernet coupler 702 , the voltmeter terminal 709 and / or the ammeter terminal 711 further electronic terminals in the Ethernet terminal system 701 to be involved.

The voltmeter clamp 709 and the ammeter terminals 711 are designed as Ethernet terminals and each serve to control the voltage measuring device 607 (in 7th not shown) and the current measuring device 609 (in 7th not shown) into the Ethernet network, in particular the external data bus 703 to involve.

The Ethernet coupler 702 , the voltmeter terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 are among each other via an internal data bus 713 connected, which is used for data communication.

Using the Ethernet coupler 702 is the Ethernet terminal system 701 to the external data bus 703 connected. Via the external data bus 703 are each with the voltage measuring device terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 connected voltage measuring device 607 and current meter 609 via the control unit 617 controllable. The control unit 617 (in 7th not shown) is connected to the external data bus 703 connected. In 7th is the communication link 619 of the system 600 in 6 through the external data bus 703 and the internal data bus 713 realized.

For controlling the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring device 609 by the control unit 617 can the control unit 617 Ethernet telegrams ET to the voltage meter terminal 709 and the current meter terminal 711 send out the corresponding instructions from the control unit 617 to the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring device 609 are included.

The Ethernet coupler 702 assigns an external interface 705 and an internal interface 707 for connecting the Ethernet terminal system 701 to the external data bus 703 and serves to connect the external data bus 703 and the internal data bus 713 , the one for data communication within the Ethernet terminal system 701 serves to connect with each other and to realize data transmission between the two systems.

In the in 7th The embodiment shown is the Ethernet coupler 702 with the external interface 705 directly to the external data bus 703 connected, which can have, for example, a coaxial cable, a twisted pair cable or a fiber optic cable as the transmission medium.

The external interface 705 and the internal interface 707 each have a receiving unit RX and a transmitting unit TX, by means of which Ethernet telegrams ET can be received and sent.

Using the receiving unit RX of the external interface 705 receives the Ethernet coupler 702 one from the control unit 617 via the external data bus 703 transmitted Ethernet telegram ET and sends this Ethernet telegram ET by means of the transmitter unit TX of the internal interface 707 via the internal data bus 713 to the voltmeter terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 of the clamp system 701 .

The voltmeter clamp 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 each also have a receiving unit RX with which Ethernet telegrams ET can be received, and a transmission unit TX on, with the Ethernet telegrams ET can be sent.

The one from the Ethernet coupler 702 via the internal data bus 713 sent Ethernet telegram ET (in the 7th than the upper Ethernet telegram ET shown) is from the voltmeter terminal 709 received via the receiving unit RX.

The voltmeter clamp 709 reads the received Ethernet telegram ET in that for the voltmeter terminal 709 specific section of the Ethernet telegram ET out.

For example, the voltage meter terminal removes 709 from the instructions of the Ethernet telegram intended for them ET the requests to the voltage measuring device 607 , Voltage readings DPU record, analyze and determine voltage parameters AFPU and / or output the voltage parameters AFPU.

For example, these voltage parameters AFPU can already be in the first data packets DPI in the Ethernet telegram ET inserted.

Following this adds the voltmeter terminal 709 for example voltage readings DPU or voltage parameters AFPU of the voltage measuring device 607 in the corresponding section of the Ethernet telegram ET a.

Reading out and inserting the data is indicated by the arrows between the voltage measuring device terminal 709 and the Ethernet telegram ET shown.

The voltage measuring device terminal then sends 709 the Ethernet telegram ET by means of the transmitter unit TX via the internal data bus 713 to the ammeter terminal 711 .
The direction of transmission is indicated by the arrows along the internal data bus 713 marked.

The ammeter terminal 711 receives the Ethernet telegram ET by the receiving unit RX and reads it out.

The ammeter terminal 711 takes from the Ethernet telegram ET again that for the ammeter terminal 711 specific section the corresponding instructions and adds, for example, current measurement values DPI or current parameters AFPI of the current measuring device 609 into the Ethernet telegram ET a.

Reading out and inserting the data is indicated by the arrows between the current measuring device terminal 711 and the Ethernet telegram ET (in this case the lower Ethernet telegram).

The current measuring device terminal then sends 711 the Ethernet telegram ET back to the bus coupler 702 , of the Ethernet telegram ET via the external interface 705 and the external data bus 703 to the controller 617 to evaluate the respective data.

The upper and lower Ethernet telegram ET both represent the same Ethernet telegram ET and should make it clear that after processing the respective instructions of the Ethernet telegram ET through the voltage and current meter terminals 709 , 711 the Ethernet telegram ET back to the bus coupler 702 is returned.
The Ethernet telegram described above ET consists of a header with the receive identifier and the destination and source address, a data area and a trailer that specifies a packet length and an error detection mechanism.

The data area provided between the header and the trailer contains the process data necessary for the control task, which preferably reproduce an entire process image. These process data are in turn preferably in the data blocks required for the individual participants in the control task for the voltage measuring device terminal 709 or the voltage measuring device 607 and the ammeter terminal 711 or the current measuring devices 609 grouped.

The process data can include instructions to the respective participants to carry out certain process steps. For example, the process data can provide instructions to the voltage measuring device 607 and / or current measuring devices 609 include, voltage readings DPU or to record current measured values DPI or to analyze them and to create voltage parameters AFPU or current parameters AFPI, or to determine at least one power value L.

The process data can also contain voltage parameters AFPU and / or current parameters AFPI that have already been created for transmission between the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring device 609 include.

In 8th is another embodiment of the Ethernet network architecture 700 in 7th shown. In this embodiment the Ethernet network structure is 700 shown with a two-channel line.

In contrast to 7th show in 8th the voltmeter terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 two receiving units RX and two transmitting units TX.

In 8th runs through this from the Ethernet coupler 702 to the voltmeter terminal 709 sent Ethernet telegram ET all terminals of the Ethernet terminal system 701 and will from the last ammeter terminal 711 of the clamp system 701 through all connected terminals of the Ethernet terminal system 701 , so in the illustrated case at least by the voltage measuring device terminal 709 through to the Ethernet coupler 702 sent back.

However, the Ethernet telegram is read out ET and inserting data into the Ethernet telegram ET through the voltmeter terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 only held on the execution.

Reading and inserting is indicated by the arrows to the upper Ethernet telegram ET and from this to the voltmeter terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 shown.

The Ethernet telegram is not processed in the reverse direction ET instead, but the Ethernet telegram ET is only forwarded.
If in the Ethernet terminal system 701 an Ethernet telegram ET is used in accordance with the EtherCAT standard and the Ethernet coupler 702 , the voltmeter terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 are designed in accordance with the EtherCAT standard, data is exchanged between the Ethernet telegram ET and the voltmeter terminal 709 and the ammeter terminal 711 possible in the run. The advantages of this procedure are that due to the processing of the Ethernet telegram ET There are no notable delays in data processing during the run and therefore short response times, as required for a real-time application, can be maintained.

9 shows a schematic illustration of a first data packet DP1 of the system 600 for distributed electrical power determination according to a further embodiment.

To transmit the in the voltage measuring device 607 and / or the current measuring devices 609 Created voltage parameters AFPU and / or current parameters AFPI can convert these into first data packets DPI and / or second data packets DP2 be summarized.

The first data packets DPI and / or second data packets can be used for transmission DP2 for example in the Ethernet telegrams described above ET inserted.

In 9 is a through the tension measuring device 607 created first data package DPI shown. One by the current meter 607 created second data package DP2 can have an analog data structure as the first data packet DPI, in which the current parameters AFPI analogous to the in 7th illustrated voltage parameters AFPU can be arranged. In order to avoid repetitions, the structure of the first data packet DPI is essentially described below.

According to 9 the first data packet DP1 assigns a data frame 901 on which a plurality of data sections 900 includes. The individual data sections 900 of the first data packet DPI comprise various operating data and, in the embodiment shown, have a size of 4 bytes (each marked with a double arrow).

In 9 comprise the data sections 900 Voltage parameters AFPU of the supply voltage U, which in the analysis step 105 by analyzing voltage readings DPU have been created.

In the embodiment in 9 are the voltage parameters AFPU by means of a spectral analysis of the voltage measured values DPU according to the spectral analysis step 201 , the spectrum creation step 203 , the reduction step 205 and the spectral value identification step 207 analyzed. The voltage parameters AFPU thus include information regarding the voltage base and voltage harmonic frequencies U ₀ , U ₁ , ..., U _n and voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ and the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n as well as the direct voltage component SDU _{n + 1 of} the supply voltage U.

When analyzing the voltage readings DPU according to the analysis step 105 that are not performed using a spectrum analysis according to the spectrum analysis step 201 , the spectrum creation step 203 , the reduction step 205 and the spectral value identification step have been analyzed, the division of the first data packet DPI from the in 9 the distribution shown.

The first section of data 903 includes a channel number 913 and a timestamp 915 .

The channel number 913 identifies the phase of the possibly multi-phase supply voltage U for the voltage measuring device 607 the voltage readings DPU were recorded.

The timestamp 915 can for example be the start time t _U of the first time interval T1 this is the period of time for taking the voltage readings DPU certainly. The timestamp 915 or the first start time t _U is used for Synchronization of the voltage measuring device 607 and the current measuring devices 609 and is therefore sent to the processor unit within the first data packet DPI 611 or the current measuring devices 609 transmitted.

With the channel number 913 and the timestamp 915 is the respective processor unit 611 capable of synchronizing the voltage parameters AFPU transmitted in the first data packet DPI to corresponding current measurement values DPI or current parameters AFPI.

The second data section 905 includes the frequency number of the basic voltage frequency U ₀ the supply voltage. With the basic voltage frequency U ₀ all voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _{n of} the supply voltage U as an integer multiple of the basic voltage frequency U ₀ determine.

The third data section 907 includes the corresponding DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} .

The fourth data section 909 includes the voltage spectral value SDU ₀ the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ .

The fifth section of data 911 includes the voltage spectral value SDU ₁ the first voltage harmonic U ₁ .

The sixth data section 912 includes a voltage phase angle Φ _{U1 of} the first harmonic with respect to the fundamental.

The voltage spectral values follow in pairs in the following sections SDU ₂ , ..., SDU _n and the respective voltage phase angles Φ _U2 , ..., Φ _{Un of} the 2nd to nth voltage harmonics U ₂ , ..., U _n .

The first data packet DPI configured in this way thus comprises a number of 4 + 2 * (n-1) sections, where n is the number of determined voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n to the basic voltage frequency U ₀ the supply voltage U is. Since each section has a data type size of 4 bytes, the data frame has 701 a total data size of n _BYTES = (4 + 2 * (n-1)) * 4.

Depending on the number n of certain voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n the number of cuts and the size of the first data packet DPI to be transmitted can vary.

A first data packet according to DPI 9 has a comparable information content to the corresponding voltage measurement values DPU on. As shown above, the voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n , the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} and the respective voltage phase angles Φ _U1 , ..., Φ _{Un of} the fundamental voltage frequency U ₀ and the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n the apparent power S, the real power P, the reactive power Q or the distortion reactive power D can be determined.

The voltage spectral values SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n taking into account the respective voltage phase angles Φ _U1 , ..., Φ _{Un of} the basic voltage frequency U ₀ and the first n voltage harmonics U ₁ , ..., U _n and the DC voltage component SDU _{n + 1} into the voltage measurement values DPU be transformed back.

However, the total data size of the first data packet DPI is significantly smaller than the voltage measurement values DPU comprehensive data package which can have an information content comparable to the first data package DPI.

10 shows a schematic illustration of a storage medium 1001 with a computer program 1000 to carry out the procedure 100 to control an automation process.

List of reference symbols

100

Method for distributed electrical power determination

101

Voltage measurement step

103

Current measurement step

105

Analysis step

107

Performance value determination step

201

Spectral analysis step

203

Spectrum creation step

205

Reduction step

207

Spectral value identification step

209

Synchronization step

U

Supply voltage

I.

Consumer electricity

DPU

Voltage reading

DPI

Current reading

TCU

Stress curve

TCI

Current curve

AF

Analysis function

AFPU

Voltage parameter

AFPI

Current parameter

U ₀

Basic voltage frequency

U ₁ , ..., U _n

first n voltage harmonics

Φ _U1 , ..., Φ _Un

Voltage phase angle of the first n harmonics to the fundamental frequencies of the voltage supply

I ₀

Basic current frequency

I ₁ , ..., In

first n current harmonics

Φ _I1 , ..., Φ _In

Current phase angle of the first n harmonics to the basic oscillations of the consumer current

SD

Frequency spectrum

SDU

Voltage frequency spectrum

SDU ₀

Voltage spectral value of the fundamental frequency of the supply voltage

SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n

Voltage spectral values of the first n upper frequencies of the supply voltage

SDU _{n + 1}

DC voltage component

SDI

Power frequency spectrum

SDI ₀

Current spectral value of the fundamental frequency of the consumer current

SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _n

Current spectral values of the first n upper frequencies of the consumer current

SDI _{n + 1}

DC component

PU

Stress parameters

PI

Current parameters

DPI

first data packet

DP2

second data packet

t

time

f

frequency

t _U

first start time

t _I

second starting time

T1

first time interval

T2

second time interval

ΔΦ

Phase shift

401

Phase shift determination step

501

Adjustment step

503

Stress parameter determination step

505

Parameter identification step

600

System for distributed electrical power determination

601

Voltage source

603

Voltage path

605

consumer

607

Voltage measuring device

609

Current measuring device

611

Processor unit

613

Voltage measuring point

615

Current measuring point

617

Control unit

619

Communication link

700

Ethernet network structure

701

Ethernet terminal system

701

Ethernet coupler

703

external data bus

705

external interface

707

internal interface

709

Voltmeter clamp

711

Ammeter terminal

713

internal data bus

RX

Receiving unit

TX

Sending unit

ET

telegram

900

Data section

901

Data frame

903

first data section

905

second data section

907

third data section

909

fourth data section

911

fifth data section

913

Channel number

915

time stamp

1001

Storage medium

1000

Computer program

P

Real power

Q

Reactive power

D.

Distortion reactive power

S.

Total apparent power

L.

Performance value

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2013/009942 A1 [0003]

Claims (15)

Method (100) for the distributed electrical power determination of at least one consumer (605) which is connected to a voltage source (601) via a voltage path (603), wherein a voltage measuring device (607) supplies a supply voltage (U) of the voltage source (601) at a voltage measuring point (613) determined on the voltage path (603), and wherein at least one current measuring device (609) determines a consumer current (I) of the consumer (605) at a current measuring point (615) on the voltage path (603), the method steps comprising: Recording of measured voltage values (DPU) of the supply voltage (U) by the voltage measuring device (607) to determine a voltage curve (TCU) of the supply voltage (U) in a voltage measuring step (101); Recording of current measured values (DPI) of a consumer current (I) of the at least one consumer (605) by the at least one current measuring device (609) for determining a current curve (TCI) of the consumer current (I) in a current measuring step (103); Analyzing the voltage measurement values (DPU) of the supply voltage (U) and / or the current measurement values (DPI) of the consumer current (I) with an analysis function (AF) in an analysis step (105) to determine voltage parameters (AFPU) of the voltage curve (TCU) of the supply voltage ( U) and / or current parameters (AFPI) of the current curve (TCI) of the consumer current (I) to be determined; and Determination of at least one power value (L) taking into account the voltage parameters (AFPU) of the voltage curve (TCU) of the supply voltage (U) and / or the current parameters (AFPI) of the current curve (TCI) of the consumer current (I) in a power value determination step (107). Method (100) according to Claim 1 , wherein the analysis of the measured voltage values (DPU) of the supply voltage (U) is carried out in the analysis step (105) by the voltage measuring device (607), and / or the analysis of the measured current values (DPI) of the consumer current (I) in the analysis step (105 ) is carried out by the at least one current measuring device (609). Method (100) according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the analysis step (105) of the measured voltage values (DPU) and / or the measured current values (DPI) comprises the method steps: performing a spectral analysis, in particular a discrete Fourier analysis, of the measured voltage values (DPU) and / or the measured current values (DPI) in one Spectrum analysis step (201); Creating a voltage frequency spectrum (SDU) of the supply voltage (U) on the basis of the spectral analysis of the voltage measurement values (DPU) and / or a current frequency spectrum (SDI) of the consumer current (I) on the basis of the spectral analysis of the current measurement values (DPI) in a spectrum creation step (203); Reduction of the voltage frequency spectrum (SDU) of the supply voltage (U) and / or the current frequency spectrum (SDI) of the consumer current (I) to frequencies of a basic voltage frequency (U ₀ ) and of the first n voltage harmonics (U ₁ , ..., U _n ) of the supply voltage (U) and / or at frequencies of a basic current frequency (I ₀ ) and of first n upper current frequencies (I ₁ , ..., I _n ) of the consumer current (I) in a reduction step (205); and identification of the voltage spectral values (SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n ) for frequencies of the voltage base frequency (U ₀ ) and the first n voltage harmonics (U ₁ , ..., U _n ) of the supply voltage (U) as voltage parameters ( AFPU) and / or the current spectral values (SDI ₀ , SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _n ) for frequencies of the basic current frequency (I ₀ ) and the first n upper current frequencies (I ₁ , ..., I _n ) of the consumer current (I) as current parameters (AFPI) in a spectral value identification step (207). Method (100) according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the analysis step (105) of the measured voltage values (DPU) and / or the measured current values (DPI) comprises the steps of: performing an adaptation process of an adaptation function to the measured voltage values (DPU) and / or the measured current values (DPI) in an adaptation step (501); Determination of voltage parameters (PU) of the adaptation function, the adaptation function with the voltage parameters (PU) describing the voltage curve (TCU) of the supply voltage (U), and / or of current parameters (PI) of the adaptation function, the adaptation function with the current parameters (PI) describes the current curve (TCI) of the consumer current (I) in a parameter determination step (503); and identifying the voltage parameters (PU) of the adaptation function as voltage parameters (AFPU) and / or the current parameters (PI) of the adaptation function as current parameters (AFPI) in a parameter identification step (505). The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: Synchronizing the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least one current measuring device (609) to a reference time in a synchronization step (209), the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least one current measuring device (609) each determining a local time, and the local time of the Voltage measuring device (607) and the local time of the at least one current measuring device (609) can be adapted in relation to the reference time. Method (100) according to Claim 5 , wherein the synchronization of the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least one current measuring device (609) in the synchronization step (209) the determination of a phase shift (Δ dem) between the voltage curve (TCU) of the supply voltage (U) and the current curve (TCI) of the consumer current ( I) in a phase shift determining step (401). Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one power value (L) is an active power (P), a reactive power (Q), a distortion reactive power (D) or a total apparent power (S). System (600) for distributed electrical power determination with a voltage source (601) for providing a supply voltage (U), at least one consumer (605) which is connected to the voltage source (601) via at least one voltage path (603), a voltage measuring device (607) ) for measuring the supply voltage (U) at a voltage measuring point (613) on the voltage path (603), at least one current measuring device (609) for measuring a supply current (I) of the consumer (605) at a current measuring point (615) on the voltage path (603) ), a processor unit (611) for generating at least one power value (L), and a control unit (617) for controlling the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least one current measuring device (609), wherein the voltage measuring device (607) is designed to record voltage measurement values (DPU) of the supply voltage (U) in order to determine a voltage curve (TCU) of the supply voltage (U), to analyze the voltage measurement values (DPU) with an analysis function (AF) to determine voltage parameters (AFPU) to determine the voltage profile (TCU) of the voltage measurement values (DPU), to create a first data packet (DP1) that includes the voltage parameters (AFPU), and to transmit the first data packet (DP1) to the at least one processor unit (611) ; wherein the at least one current measuring device (609) is designed to record current measured values (DPI) of the consumer current (I) in order to determine a current curve (TCI) of the consumer current (I), to analyze the current measured values (DPI) with the analysis function (AF), to determine current parameters (AFPI) of the current curve (TCI) of the current measured values (DPI), to create a second data packet (DP2) that includes the current parameters (AFPI), and the second data packet (DP2) to the at least one processor unit (611) to transmit; and wherein the at least one processor unit (611) is designed to determine at least one power value (L) taking into account the voltage parameters (AFPU) and / or the current parameters (AFPI). System (600) according to Claim 8 , wherein the voltage measuring device (607), the at least one current measuring device (609) and the processor unit (611) are designed to analyze the voltage measurement values (DPU) and / or the current measurement values (DPI) with the analysis function (AF): a spectral analysis to carry out in particular a discrete Fourier analysis of the voltage measurement values (DPU) and / or the current measurement values (DPI); to create a voltage frequency spectrum (SDU) of the supply voltage (U) based on the spectral analysis of the measured voltage values (DPU) and / or a current frequency spectrum (SDI) of the consumer current (I) based on the spectral analysis of the measured current values (DPI); the voltage frequency spectrum (SDU) of the supply voltage (U) and / or the current frequency spectrum (SDI) of the consumer current (I) on voltage spectrum values (SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n ) of a basic voltage frequency (U ₀ ) and of the first n voltage harmonics (U ₁ , ..., U _n ) of the supply voltage (U) and / or to current spectral values (SDI ₀ , SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _n ) of a fundamental current frequency (I ₀ ) and of the first n upper current frequencies (I ₁ , ..., I _n ) to reduce the consumer current (I); and the voltage spectral values (SDU ₀ , SDU ₁ , ..., SDU _n ) for frequencies of the basic voltage frequency (U ₀ ) and the first n upper voltage frequencies (U ₁ , ..., U _n ) of the supply voltage (U) as voltage parameters (AFPU ) and / or the current spectral values (SDI ₀ , SDI ₁ , ..., SDI _n ) for frequencies of the current fundamental frequency (I ₀ ) and the first n current harmonics (I ₁ , ..., I _n ) of the consumer current (I) as Identify current characteristics (AFPI). System (600) according to Claim 8 , wherein the voltage measuring device (607), the at least one current measuring device (609) and the processor unit (611) are designed to analyze the voltage measurement values (DPU) and / or the current measurement values (DPI) with the analysis function (AF): an adaptation process perform an adaptation function to the voltage measurement values (DPU) and / or the current measurement values (DPI); To determine voltage parameters (PU) and / or current parameters (PI) of the adaptation function; and to identify the voltage parameters (PU) of the adaptation function as voltage parameters (AFPU) and / or the current parameters (PI) of the adaptation function as current parameters (AFPI). System (600) according to one of the preceding Claims 8 to 10 , further comprising at least one communication link (619) between the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least a processor unit (611) and / or the at least one current measuring device (609) and the at least one processor unit (611) for transmitting the first data packet (DPI) from the voltage measuring device (607) to the at least one processor unit (611) and / or the second Data packets (DP2) from the at least one current measuring device (609) to the at least one processor unit (611). System (600) according to one of the preceding Claims 8 to 11 wherein the at least one processor unit (611) is embodied in the voltage measuring device (607) and / or in the at least one current measuring device (609) or is an external processor unit (611). System (600) according to one of the preceding Claims 8 to 12th , the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least one current measuring device (609) being able to be synchronized with one another, the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least one current measuring device (609) each having a local time for this purpose, and the local times of the voltage measuring device (607) and the at least one current measuring device (609) can be tuned to a global reference time of the system (600). Computer program (1000), comprising instructions which cause the computer program (1000) to be executed by a computer or the control unit (617), a method (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th execute. Machine-readable storage medium (1001) on which the computer program (1000) is after Claim 14 is stored.

Images