DE102019101674A1 - Measuring lid for closing a lid opening of liquid containers, diagnostic system and motor vehicle with such a diagnostic system, as well as control and / or control device for at least one motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

A measuring cover (1) for closing a lid opening (2) of liquid containers (3) comprises a gripping and / or fastening section (1a) and a subsequent immersion section (1b), wherein the gripping and / or fastening section (1a) the lid opening (2) can close and the immersion portion (1b) within the liquid container (3) can be arranged. Between a bottom end (15a) and a cover-side end (15b) of the immersion section (1b), a measuring chamber (16) through which a fluid (7) can flow is formed. At the bottom end (15b) a bottom electronic module (11b) is arranged, which includes an acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b), which is adapted to emit acoustic signals in the fluid (7) and to receive reflections of these acoustic signals. A control device (4) is designed to measure signal transit times between a transmitted acoustic signal and its reflection. A communication device (5) is designed to transmit information about the signal transit time to a computer device (50) of a diagnostic system (40).

Description

The invention relates to a measuring cover for closing a lid opening of liquid containers, in particular of coolant and Kühlmittelausgleichsbehältern, as used in motor vehicles, trains, ships and / or aircraft use. Furthermore, the invention comprises a diagnostic system for such motor vehicles, trains, ships and / or aircraft, which comprises a corresponding measuring cover and a corresponding motor vehicle with such a diagnostic system. The motor vehicle or the plurality of motor vehicles can then exchange error values and also position data via near- (engine compartment) and far-field radio (for example WLAN, GPS) with a higher-level guidance and / or control device.

In the context of this invention, the term "motor vehicle" is understood to mean all motor-driven road vehicles (cars, trucks).

Information about the cooling medium, also referred to below as fluid, is very important in order to be able to make statements about the current state and functional statements of the means of locomotion and of actuators and sensors. The fluid may be water or a water-glycol mixture or oil. Other fluids used to cool a heat source such as an internal combustion engine or a battery cell are also included.

In the prior art, the corresponding sensors are elaborately integrated into the cooling systems, which leads just in case of a defect of a sensor or actuator that the replacement is difficult or impossible. An example of this can be found for example in the EP 1 588 900 A1 , Here is a sensor shown, which monitors the level in a container. The sensor itself is integrated in a float and communicates wirelessly with an antenna. Not only is the replacement of this sensor device complicated, but also the measurement results are relatively inaccurate due to the moving sensor. It is therefore an object to provide a measuring device that can be integrated as easily as possible in liquid containers and provides reliable measurement results.

The object is achieved by the measuring cover of independent claim 1. In claims 2 to 24 are inventions developments of the measuring cover again. Claim 25 describes a diagnostic system which comprises one or more of these measuring cover or additionally other sensors and actuators, in particular in the drive space. Claims 26 and 27 further form this diagnostic system. The claim 28 protects a motor vehicle, which has a corresponding OBD (on-board diagnosis) diagnostic system, whereas the claim 29 further develops this motor vehicle.

The measuring lid serves to close a lid opening of liquid containers in motor vehicles, trains, ships and / or aircraft. It comprises a gripping and / or fastening section and a subsequent immersion section. The gripping and / or fastening portion is designed to produce a (releasable) positive and / or non-positive connection with the liquid container in order to close the lid opening of the liquid container in a moisture-tight manner. This is possible in particular via a screw connection. The immersion portion of the measuring lid can be arranged or arranged inside the liquid container. This applies if the measuring lid closes the lid opening. The gripping and / or attachment portion and the immersion portion are in particular arranged stationary relative to each other and connected to each other. The immersion section comprises a lid-side end and a bottom-side end, wherein the lid-side end is arranged on the gripping and / or fastening section (fixedly connected thereto) and wherein the bottom-side end is arranged opposite the lid-side end. Between the bottom end and the lid-side end, an outwardly open measuring chamber is formed, wherein the measuring chamber can be flowed through by the fluid in the liquid container. At the bottom end, a bottom-side electronic module is arranged, which includes an acoustic transmitting and receiving device. The acoustic transmitting and receiving device is designed to generate acoustic signals (in particular ultrasonic acoustic pulses) and to emit them within the fluid and to receive reflections of these acoustic signals within the fluid. Furthermore, a control device is provided, which is designed to measure signal transit times between an emitted acoustic signal and its reflection in order to generate one or more information therefrom. In addition, a communication device is provided, which is designed to transmit the one or more information to a (programmable) computer device of a diagnostic system, such as an OBD system.

It is particularly advantageous here that the measuring device is designed in the form of a measuring lid. Such a measuring lid can be easily screwed onto existing lid openings of liquid containers (compatibility). Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous that there is a submerged section that dips into the fluid within the fluid container can, wherein at the bottom end of this immersion portion of the corresponding sensor, so the acoustic (ultrasonic) transmitting and receiving device is arranged. After this acoustic transmitting and receiving device is surrounded by the fluid, it sends out directly acoustic signals (short-term acoustic pulses) which propagate within the fluid and are reflected on a fluid surface (at least partially). Characterized in that signal delays are determined between the emission of this acoustic signal and the receipt of the reflection of the acoustic signal, the filling level height of the liquid container can be calculated.

As a result, the exact fill level within the liquid container can be transmitted as information to the computer device of the higher-level diagnostic system or the information as to whether a maximum fill level has been reached or exceeded or whether a minimum fill level has been reached or fallen below. The wording "maximum fill level" is set to indicate the safe range for the maximum amount of fluid for which e.g. it is still ensured that a corresponding cooling function is still guaranteed or that the seals, the usually arising gases or the fluid itself can hold back safely. The "minimum fill level" is set to include an amount of fluid just sufficient to cool, for example, the corresponding heat source of the motor vehicle, train, ship and / or aircraft. The maximum and minimum fill levels correspond to an appropriate amount of the fluid (e.g., in liters) necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle in accordance with the appropriate datasheet.

The acoustic transmitting and receiving device is, in particular, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, which is further preferably formed by piezo transmitters and receivers.

The bottom-side electronic module is preferably surrounded by a plastic potting compound and e.g. an injection molding or injection molding or hot-pressing process. The plastic grout may consist of or include thermosets or thermoplastics, and is particularly selected to be non-chemically or only slightly chemically reactive with the fluid (i.e., the electronics module will reach its predetermined life).

The bottom-side electronic module comprises in a further development of the invention printed conductors, which are preferably made of a stamped and / or bent part. Alternatively, they could also be arranged on a printed circuit board.

In particular, an energy source is arranged in the gripping and / or fastening section. This may be in the form of a battery or a rechargeable battery. It is also possible that this is a Peltier element, which takes the energy from a heat difference. A piezoelectric element could also be used which generates stresses from mechanical deformations. It could also be provided a connector for connection to an external power source.

The bottom-side electronic module is preferably connected via cables or printed conductors with this energy source. These cables or tracks run from the gripping and / or attachment portion in the direction of the bottom end of the immersion portion. In the simplest case, the immersion section can consist only of a frame, on whose frame carrier the cables or the conductor tracks are arranged and whose bottom area is designed to receive the bottom-side electronic module.

The communication device preferably comprises an antenna arrangement and is configured to communicate wirelessly with the computer device of the diagnostic system. This wireless interface can be, for example, a WLAN interface (IEEE 802.11 *) or a Bluetooth® interface (IEEE 802.15. *), Which also includes Bluetooth low-energy, or a ZigBee® interface (IEEE 802.15 .4), or a Z-Wave® interface, or an IPv6 based THREAD® interface.

• - 802.11 (1997): der ursprüngliche Standard mit Datenraten von 1 oder 2 Mbit/s;
• - 802.11a (1999): Datenraten von 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 oder 54 Mbit/s;
• - 802.11b (1999): Datenraten von 5,5 oder 11 Mbit/s brutto;
• - 802.11g (2003) : Datenraten von 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 oder 54 Mbit/s brutto;
• - 802.11b (2009): Datenraten von 6,5 bis 72,2 Mbit/s und 13,5 bis 150 Mbit/s.

Precursors of this technology, which are also suitable for use, are briefly mentioned below. These may differ from today's technologies in terms of data transfer rates:

• - 802.11 (1997): the original standard with data rates of 1 or 2 Mbit / s;
• - 802.11a (1999): data rates of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, or 54 Mbps;
• - 802.11b (1999): data rates of 5.5 or 11 Mbps gross;
• - 802.11g (2003): data rates of 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 or 54 Mbit / s gross;
• - 802.11b (2009): Data rates from 6.5 to 72.2 Mbps and 13.5 to 150 Mbps.

The communication device is preferably also configured to receive at least one or more information from another Measuring cover and / or other sensors and actuators to receive and forward to the computer device of the diagnostic system. In particular, this may constitute a MESH network, a scatter network or a tree network. A daisy-chain setup would also be possible.

In order to improve the accuracy of the measured values, the measuring lid preferably also comprises a calming tube, which is arranged within the measuring chamber and has a first end and an opposite second end. The calming tube is disposed at its second end to the acoustic transmitting and receiving device, whereas its first end extends in the direction of the lid-side end of the immersion portion and preferably ends at this or is held by the latter. Acoustic signals can therefore be sent by the acoustic transmitting and receiving device into the calming tube and the corresponding reflections within the calming tube are measured. The (fluid) calming tube includes at its peripheral portion openings through which the fluid can flow in and out of the interior of the calming tube, wherein wave movements of the fluid are damped.

The calming tube may be opened or closed at its first end. The cross section of the calming tube can be arbitrary. It can be round, angular, oval-shaped or approximated to such a shape. Generally it can be n-polygonal. The diameter can also change over the length of the calming tube. The first end of the calming tube can also extend outside the filling level of the fluid in the direction of the gripping and / or fastening portion.

Preferably, all openings or the majority of the openings are arranged below a minimum fill level within the measuring chamber. As a result, wave movements caused by the movement of the means of transport (accelerations) are particularly well damped, whereby very good measurement results with respect to the actual filling level can be achieved.

Furthermore, the measuring cover could still contain a tilt sensor or information about the inclination of the means of locomotion of the control device can be supplied via the communication device. On the basis of the measured data of the inclination sensor, the determined level height can still be weighted accordingly or the inclination compensated accordingly.

In order to further improve the measurement results, it would also be possible for a float to be arranged in the measuring chamber, by means of which the acoustic signals which can be emitted by the acoustic transmitting and receiving device are better reflected (smaller signal attenuation). This float would be located within the tube using the settling tube. Its surface may additionally be coated with a material (e.g., metal) which particularly well reflects the corresponding acoustic signals (e.g., ultrasound).

In order to further increase the accuracy, the measuring cover in another embodiment according to the invention comprises a reference reflector surface. This reference reflector surface is arranged below a minimum filling level within the measuring chamber, wherein the minimum filling level height can be determined accordingly. The control device is designed to determine the speed of sound in the fluid based on the signal propagation time between an emitted acoustic signal and the received reflection from the reference reflector surface, thereby calculating the fill level height from a later reflection received from the fluid surface. In this case, the fact is made use of that the distance between the acoustic transmitting and receiving device and the reference reflector surface over the temperature and the time is constant. The speed of sound within the fluid, on the other hand, varies depending on the temperature and the fluid itself. In the case where the fluid is a water-glycol mixture, the concentration of glycol determines the speed of sound within the fluid. A e.g. temperature changing sound velocity would then cause an incorrect fill level to be detected. Based on the well-defined arrangement of the reference reflector surface can still be determined, the exact level height, because at any time the exact speed of sound within the fluid is known.

The reference reflector surface may be, for example, a simple rod. It may also comprise a surface arranged in a plane parallel to, for example, an upper surface of the measuring lid and / or parallel to a fluid surface (such that the lobe of the main emission direction of the acoustic signal is preferably perpendicular to that plane could also be inclined.

Received reflections after a certain time have elapsed are preferably not utilized for generating the information. For example, all reflections that are on a signal travel path above the maximum fill level indicate that the evaluation is not considered.

Particularly preferably, the glycol concentration within the fluid can also be determined. The control device is configured to measure the speed of sound of the fluid, which is dependent on the temperature and the glycol concentration of the fluid, continuously over a certain period of time to the measurement results with calibration curves in which different sound velocities of fluids at different temperatures and glycol Concentrations are included, to extract from the measurement results, the glycol concentration from the calibration curves. This works particularly well when the speed of sound is measured at a low temperature of the fluid (e.g., at 23 ° C ± 10 ° C), that is, when the vehicle has not yet warmed up. Then, if the sound velocity continues to be measured at regular intervals and the temperature of the fluid rises due to the continuous operation of the means of locomotion, the speed of sound also changes. It is assumed that the glycol concentration remains unchanged because no replenishment takes place. In this case, using the values for the determined sound velocity, a corresponding calibration curve can be found, on which all the values obtained are located, in order to determine the glycol concentration for which the calibration curve was recorded.

This procedure can also continue to be used to measure the temperature of the fluid on the basis of the measured speed of sound and on the basis of the determined glycol concentration of the fluid subsequently. The temperature of the fluid can also be determined from the corresponding calibration curve already determined for the glycol concentration. This succeeds in particular when the speed of sound no longer changes over time or only below a certain threshold value. In this case it can be assumed that the operating temperature of the vehicle has been reached.

In principle, it would also be possible in a further exemplary embodiment that a temperature sensor is provided which is designed to directly or indirectly measure the temperature of the fluid and to transmit it to the control device. In a "direct" measurement, the temperature is measured directly inside the fluid. In an "indirect" measurement, for example, the temperature of the air above the fluid surface can be measured within the measuring chamber. It would also be possible for the communication device to be configured to receive information about the value of the temperature of the fluid, which is recorded, for example, by a temperature sensor arranged elsewhere. This temperature value could then be transmitted to the control device. After the control device has now determined the speed of sound and the temperature of the fluid directly, it can determine the glycol concentration of the fluid at any time on the basis of the corresponding stored calibration curves.

The communication device is then configured to transmit information about the glycol concentration and / or about the temperature of the fluid and / or about the speed of sound to the computer device of the diagnostic system.

In principle, it would also be possible to provide a pressure sensor which is designed to measure an air pressure between the fluid (the fluid surface) and the gripping and / or fastening section and to transmit it to the control device. The communication device would then be configured to transmit information about the air pressure to the computer device of the diagnostic system or to control a corresponding LED device on the gripping and / or attachment section, which is visible from outside to a user, in such a way that the LED Device is activated when the air pressure exceeds an adjustable threshold. In this case, the user is forewarned that the fluid container is under pressure.

All measurement signals or information obtained from a sensor (level sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, glycol concentration sensor) can be averaged or filtered so that short-term measurement errors, e.g. due to electromagnetic interference, do not inadvertently generate an error value (e.g., in the form of OBD codes).

1. a) eine minimale Füllstandshöhe des Fluids erreicht oder unterschritten ist, oder eine maximale Füllstandshöhe des Fluids erreicht oder überschritten ist; und/oder
2. b) eine Temperatur des Fluids einen Grenzwert erreicht oder überschritten hat; und/oder
3. c) eine Glykol-Konzentration einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert erreicht oder überschritten oder unterschritten hat; und/oder
4. d) diese (Informationen z.B. der anderen Sensoren) außerhalb eines vorbestimmten Schwellwerts bzw. Schwellwertbereichs liegt.

The diagnostic system according to the invention comprises one or more measuring lids. It comprises a computer device, a communication device and an OBD memory (on-board diagnostic). The communication device is configured to receive the one or more information from the one or more measurement lids or from other sensors (wirelessly) and to transmit them to the computer device. This in turn is designed to generate an error value if the at least one information indicates that:

1. a) a minimum fill level of the fluid is reached or fallen below, or a maximum fill level of the fluid is reached or exceeded; and or
2. b) a temperature of the fluid has reached or exceeded a limit; and or
3. c) a glycol concentration has reached or exceeded or exceeded a predetermined limit; and or
4. d) this (information eg the other sensors) is outside a predetermined threshold or threshold range.

The computer device is then designed to write the error value in the form of OBD codes in the OBD memory or to activate a display means, which indicates a vehicle user or the workshops acoustically or visually to the present error value of the OBD display.

Preferably, the (programmable) computer device is also designed to transmit the error value and / or position data wirelessly to a higher-level control and / or control device (for example a workshop).

In an embodiment of the diagnostic system according to the invention, the measuring cover comprises an actuating key, wherein it is designed upon actuation of this actuating key to emit a detection signal via its communication device. The diagnostic system can be operated in a configuration state and is designed in this to search for newly installed measuring lids, wherein the diagnostic system is further adapted to establish a communication link to a newly installed measuring lid only if of this im Configuration state of the diagnostic system, a detection signal is received. This prevents measurement covers from different vehicles, which are spatially close to one another, from feeding measured values into the respective other computer device. This ensures that the diagnostic system only communicates with the measuring lids assigned to it. If the diagnostic system is no longer in a configuration state, it no longer reacts to a detection signal from a measuring cover. In addition to the corresponding information, the measuring lid also transmits a unique identifier or encrypts the data with a key which can only be exchanged with the corresponding measuring lid in the configuration state of the diagnostic system. In this case, it would be possible for already existing computer devices of a means of locomotion to be provided with a preferably wireless communication device in order to only be able to exchange data with the measuring cover according to the invention via a modified software functionality. In the case of a defect of the measuring cover according to the invention, it is simply exchanged for a new measuring cover.

Diagnostic systems are already used in motor vehicles today. The vehicle diagnostic systems used today, which are also referred to as on-board diagnostic systems (OBD), have the particular aim of ensuring that the exhaust gas regulations are met in motor vehicles. Thus, the OBD-I and the newer OBD-II standard provide that the motor vehicle must have its own electronic systems for self-monitoring. These systems must display emissions-related but also function-relevant faults via a signal lamp integrated in the valves, the so-called engine control lamp. This is especially true when the errors are serious and can lead to failure of the vehicle drive. In addition, errors must be stored in a readable with on-board memory. Such readout succeeds via a corresponding diagnostic connector. For this purpose, a 16-pin OBD-II diagnostic socket is usually installed in the vehicle, which is preferably with respect to their basic functionality (eg pin assignment) compatible with all vehicle manufacturers. In principle, it should also be possible to transmit radio signals of vehicle components in general and drive components in particular via them. As a physical interface here is usually the K-line (eg ISO 9141 and ISO 14230-1 ) or the CAN bus (eg ISO 11898 ) used. About such a vehicle diagnostic system so far only exhaust-related facilities can be monitored. These include, for example, the lambda probe function, the efficiency of the catalytic converter, the exhaust gas recirculation, the secondary air system, the tank ventilation system and combustion misfires, which are detected by means of an incremental wheel. For the purposes of this invention, the OBD memory is also used for the first time to store errors related to the level, temperature and / or glycol concentration of the fluid.

The motor vehicle according to the invention comprises a described diagnostic system, wherein the diagnostic system further electrical functional units are connected, the data contact, eg via wireless radio systems with the diagnostic system exchange. These electrical functional units could, for example, still be a pump which comprises a sensor for monitoring the rotational speed. It would also be possible for at least one high-voltage connector (eg in electric or hybrid vehicles) to be provided, which comprises a release bracket for disconnecting a high-voltage connection and for this purpose is designed to interrupt the high-voltage connection upon actuation of the release bracket and transmit this interruption accordingly wirelessly to the diagnostic system. This represents a high-voltage safety system for the vehicle user, the workshops but also for the fire brigade in the event of an accident to avoid life-threatening high-voltage electric shocks. In principle, the motor vehicle can also comprise the measuring cover, which is used, for example, in a heat exchanger.

The guidance and / or control device according to the invention is designed to receive the error value and / or the position data of one or more motor vehicles wirelessly, wherein the one or more motor vehicles are constructed as described and have a corresponding diagnostic system. the control and / or control device is furthermore designed to send a message to a computer system of a corresponding workshop and / or a corresponding after-sales service provider on the basis of the received error value and / or on the basis of the received position data. Additionally or alternatively, the control and / or control device is also designed to send (position) information to the computer device of the corresponding motor vehicle based on the received error value and / or on the basis of the received position data, which indicates the location of a corresponding workshop and / or of a corresponding customer service provider.

• 1, 2A, 2B, 2C:
  • verschiedene Ansichten und Teile eines Kraftfahrzeugs, in welchen der erfindungsgemäße Mess-Deckel einsetzbar ist;
• 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D:
  • verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele eines Greif- und/oder Befestigungsabschnitts des erfindungsgemäßen Mess-Deckels;
• 4: eine weitere Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Mess-Deckels in Explosivdarstellung;
• 5A, 5B, 5C:
  • verschiedene Darstellungen eines bodenseitigen Elektronikmoduls des erfindungsgemäßen Mess-Deckels;
• 6A, 6B:
  • verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele des Greif- und/oder Befestigungsabschnitts und
  • eines Eintauchabschnitts des erfindungsgemäßen Mess-Deckels;
• 7A, 7B:
  • weitere Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Mess-Deckels, die den Einsatz eines Beruhigungsrohrs und einer Referenzreflektorfläche lehren;
• 8: einen Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Mess-Deckels in einem Wärmetauscher;
• 9: ein Diagramm, das den Zusammenhang zwischen der Schallgeschwindigkeit eines Fluids und dessen Temperatur und Glykol-Konzentration verdeutlicht;
• 10, 11:
  • eine Pumpe und einen Hochvoltsteckverbinder zum Einsatz in einem Kraftfahrzeug, deren Daten berührungslos übertragen werden;
• 12: ein Übersichtsschaltbild, welches das Diagnosesystem näher erläutert;
• 13 ein Übersichtschaltbild, das verdeutlicht, dass mehrere Kraftfahrzeuge mit einer übergeordneten Leit- und/oder Steuerungseinrichtung zum Datenaustausch miteinander in Verbindung stehen.

Various embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings. Same objects have the same reference numerals. The corresponding figures of the drawings show in detail:

• 1 . 2A . 2 B . 2C :
  • various views and parts of a motor vehicle, in which the measuring cover according to the invention can be used;
• 3A . 3B . 3C . 3D :
  • various embodiments of a gripping and / or fastening portion of the measuring cover according to the invention;
• 4 : a further illustration of the measuring cover according to the invention in an exploded view;
• 5A . 5B . 5C :
  • different representations of a bottom-side electronic module of the measuring cover according to the invention;
• 6A . 6B :
  • various embodiments of the gripping and / or fastening portion and
  • an immersion section of the measuring cover according to the invention;
• 7A . 7B :
  • Further embodiments of the measuring cover according to the invention, which teach the use of a calming tube and a reference reflector surface;
• 8th a use of the measuring cover according to the invention in a heat exchanger;
• 9 : a diagram illustrating the relationship between the speed of sound of a fluid and its temperature and glycol concentration;
• 10 . 11 :
  • a pump and a high-voltage connector for use in a motor vehicle whose data is transmitted without contact;
• 12 an overview circuit diagram, which explains the diagnostic system in more detail;
• 13 an overview diagram that illustrates that several vehicles with a higher-level control and / or control device for data exchange with each other.

The 1 . 2A and 2 B show different views and parts of a motor vehicle 100 , in which the measuring cover according to the invention 1 can be used. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine 101 which represents a heat source that needs to be cooled. This cooling takes place via a heat exchanger 105 instead, to which an air flow is supplied. This is via an air mass control valve unit 102 adjustable. This is in a holding frame 103 mounted, which also still in an additional support frame 104 can be attached. The heat exchanger 105 can still have one or two heat exchanger side cheeks 106a . 106b include. Furthermore, there is still a coolant tank 107 shown, with the inventive measuring lid 1 is closed. In the coolant tank 107 is a part of the coolant which passes through the heat exchanger 105 flows, stored.

Instead of an internal combustion engine 101 It could also be a rechargeable battery of an electric vehicle in the heat source to be cooled.

In 2C makes it clear that many components are provided with sensors that in particular can communicate wirelessly and record readings. The readings of these sensors will be then wirelessly to a computer device 50 a diagnostic system 40 (please refer 12 ) transmitted. As a result, the wiring effort is greatly reduced. The sensors only need to be powered. Such power can be provided by a simpler, less shielded cable compared to cables used to transmit measurements over a bus system. As a result, the wiring harness of a motor vehicle 100 lighter, which saves weight on the one hand (a wire harness of a mid-range vehicle can weigh over 200 kg) and on the other hand, the test and installation cost is reduced. Alternatively, the sensors can also be supplied with energy via batteries or accumulators. The energy supply via batteries or accumulators is particularly well suited for sensors that are not active all the time, for example, and are, for example, easily accessible, so that the batteries or accumulators can be easily exchanged during a service.

In the 3A . 3B . 3C and 3D becomes a part of the measuring cover according to the invention 1 shown. This serves to close a lid opening 2 a liquid container 3 (whose wall is shown in the sectional drawings), as this is commonly used in motor vehicles, trains, ships and / or aircraft. The measuring lid 1 includes a gripping and / or attachment portion 1a and a subsequent immersion section 1b like this example in the 6A . 6B and 7A is shown. The gripping and / or attachment section 1a is designed to form and / or frictional connection with the liquid container 3 so as to open the lid 2 of the liquid container 3 close moisture-proof. This form and / or frictional connection is in particular a detachable screw connection. The gripping and / or attachment section 1a preferably extends beyond its predominant length outside of the liquid container 3 , However, part of its length could also be inside the fluid container 3 be arranged. The immersion section 1b is there (predominantly or completely) within the fluid container 3 can be arranged or arranged.

The measuring lid 1 includes a control device 4 and a communication device 5 , The communication device 5 includes at least one antenna arrangement 5a , In this antenna arrangement 5a is it in 3A around a dish or shell antenna, whereas it is in 3B around a rod antenna and in 3C is a single-fan antenna. The individual (actuator or sensor) antennas are preferably integrated directly into the electronic control board. In 3D is the antenna arrangement 5a formed on a printed circuit board. On this circuit board also other components can be arranged. This results in a very compact structure, wherein the circuit board can still be closed with a housing and / or protected by a potting compound. Depending on the desired directional characteristics and depending on the existing installation volume, the different antenna arrangements 5a used.

The main beam lobe, which over the antenna arrangement 5a can be emitted, has a radiation angle, which is preferably between 10 ° and a maximum of 60 ° and is formed between the longitudinal axis of the measuring cover. Beam angles> 30 °, can be selected only if the radio transmission is not disturbed by built-in components in the engine and drive area. Any data rates can be selected. It is important that the data transmission takes place with as little energy as possible, in particular only with the so-called data transmission "wake-up function" for the transmission of information. In this case, a transmission can take place only at predetermined time intervals. At other time intervals, most of the electronics (eg radio modules, but also sensors) are in an off state. This saves energy. In addition, a rather low data rate, which sends the required up-to-date information in as short a time as possible, is preferably selected.

The radio transmission strength in dB, lies between -4 dB (with larger emission angles) and up to + 24 dB. For WLAN antennas this can be around 14 dB (+ - 5 dB).

The communication device 5 is by means of the respective antenna arrangement 5a adapted to wirelessly with a computing device 50 a diagnostic system 40 to communicate (see 12 ).

The measuring lid 1 preferably also includes a plurality of sensors 6 via which measured values can be received. The control device 4 (Especially in the form of an electronic control board) is then designed to generate one or more information from these measurements and this information via the communication device 5 to the computer device 50 of the diagnostic system 40 transferred to.

In the 3A to 3D is a sensor 6 in the form of an air pressure sensor 6a shown. This air pressure sensor 6a is adapted to an air pressure between the fluid 7 (please refer 4 . 6A . 6B and 7A) and the gripping and / or attachment portion 1a to measure and to the control device 4 to convey. The communication device 5 is then adapted to provide information about the air pressure to the computer device 50 of the diagnostic system 40 to convey. It would also be possible for the gripping and / or attachment section 1a at least one LED device comprises, from outside the liquid container 3 is visible. The control device 4 could then be configured to activate this LED device when the air pressure exceeds an adjustable threshold. It is also shown that the gripping and / or attachment section 1a an external thread 8a includes that to an internal thread 8b at the lid opening 2 of the liquid container 3 corresponds, whereby the releasable form and / or frictional connection can be produced. The fluid container 3 could also have a neck extending away from the top and the internal thread 8b includes. One such neck is in 4 shown.

As in the 6A . 6B and 7A is shown, includes the gripping and / or attachment portion 1a another overpressure opening 9 , This may, for example, be an overpressure steam valve. This overpressure opening 9 is arranged such that these of the gripping and / or attachment portion 1a outwardly (and not upwards towards the user) shows and already then a pressure equalization with the interior of the liquid container 3 allowed when the screw connection between the measuring lid 1 and the liquid container 3 partially but not completely solved. This avoids that the user is injured by hot steam. When using a pressure relief valve this could also perform pressure equalization when reaching a pressure threshold.

In the 3A to 3D is still an energy source 10 shown. This is in the gripping and / or attachment section 1a arranged. In 3A it is the source of energy 10 around a connector 10a for connection to an external power supply or external energy source. In 3B the energy source is a battery 10b or an accumulator, in particular in the form of a button battery, which can be easily changed. It would also be possible that it is the source of energy 10 is at least one Peltier element that generates by a temperature difference on two of its surfaces a voltage that is used to power the measuring cover 1 could be used. One of these sides should be in the interior of the liquid container 3 show and the other side to the outside. A piezoelectronic element can also be used.

The described electrical components, in which case the control device 4 , the communication device 5 , the air pressure sensor 6a and the energy source 10 can count in a cover-side electronics module 11a be arranged, as for example the 4 can be removed. This cover-side electronic module 11a can with a corresponding antenna arrangement 5a , which may also be integrated into a lid assembly, are connected. At the same time, this electronic module in a housing 12 be used, which is the external thread 8a includes. The cover-side electronic module preferably comprises 11a a clip and / or snap and / or locking connection 19 , with a corresponding projection or a corresponding counterpart in the housing 12 engages, so that the cover-side electronic module 11a no longer from the case 12 can be deducted. On this cover-side electronic module is then at least one cover assembly 13 applied as they are in 4 shown in side view and in plan view. The measuring lid 1 is preferably sealed moisture-proof. Not shown in 4 the immersion section 1b , This can, for example, still on a floor area 14 of the cover-side electronic module 11a to be appropriate.

Between the cover-side electronic module 11a and his case 12 or its lid assembly 13 can still be arranged a sealing device. In particular, a sealing device is likewise provided between the gripping and / or fastening section 1a and the liquid container 3 arranged.

The following is the immersion section 1b based on 6A . 6B . 7A and 7B explained in more detail. The immersion section 1b includes a lid-side end 15a and a bottom end 15b , The lid-side end 15a is at the gripping and / or attachment portion 1a arranged or attached to this (eg screwed, welded, glued), wherein the bottom end 15b opposite the lid-side end 15a is arranged. Between the bottom end 15b and the lid-side end 15a is a measuring chamber 16 formed by the fluid 7 in the liquid container 3 can be flowed through. At the bottom end 15b is a bottom-side electronic module 11b arranged, which is an acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b includes. This acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b is designed to generate acoustic signals and within the measuring chamber 16 in the fluid 7 send out and reflections of these acoustic signals within the fluid 7 to recieve.

The control device 4 is then adapted to signal propagation times between a transmitted acoustic signal and its reflection to generate one or more pieces of information. The communication device 5 is then configured to send the one or more pieces of information to the computing device 50 of the diagnostic system 40 to convey.

The at least one piece of information is, for example, a fill level of the fluid 7 within the fluid container 3 or directly to the signal transit time. The filling level is above the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b measured. In principle, the at least one information could also indicate whether a maximum fill level has been reached or exceeded or whether a minimum fill level has been reached or fallen below.

The acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b is so at the bottom end 15b of the immersion section 1b arranged such that the main emission direction of the emitted acoustic signal in the direction of the lid-side end 15a of the immersion section 1b shows.

Preferably, the bottom-side electronic module 11b completely surrounded by a plastic grout. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the plastic casting compound correspond approximately to the thermal expansion coefficient of the bottom-side electronic module 11b and thus the thermal expansion coefficient of the acoustic transmitting and / or receiving device 6b , A deviation of less than 20%, 10%, 5% is preferably permitted.

In principle, it would also be possible for the control device 4 also in the bottom-side electronic module 11b is arranged.

In the 5A and 5B Be different representations of the bottom-side electronic module 11b shown in more detail. In 5A is shown that the bottom-side electronic module 11b several tracks 18 includes, which are produced in particular in a stamping and / or bending process. An outer ring 18a may represent, for example, a ground plane, wherein an inner ring 18 . 18b the track can be at the potential of the power supply. Both rings 18a . 18b are galvanically separated from each other. In the middle of the inner ring 18b are then further tracks 18 trained, with which the corresponding electrical components, including, for example, the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b heard, electrically connected, in particular soldered. The whole structure is then poured into a casting process in plastic. Outward are according to 5B only a plug connection 20 and optional mounting flanges 21 visible. About this plug connection 20 can the bottom-side electronic module 11b by means of cables or additional conductor tracks with the cover-side electronic module 11a or directly with the energy storage device 10 . 10b the power generation device and / or the connector 10 . 10a connected to the power supply.

The plastic layer immediately above the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b is formed, is thinner than elsewhere. above the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b can also be arranged another material (eg metal), which conducts the sound waves very well, the conductivity is above a certain threshold. This material is then preferably not or not completely poured.

The bottom-side electronic module 11b could also include a printed circuit board on which the traces 18 are arranged and on the components, such as the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b , are arranged.

5C shows another possibility as the bottom-side electronic module 11b could be trained. In this case, it additionally comprises an energy storage device 10b , especially in the form of several lithium-ion batteries, in the area of the outer ring 18a are arranged. Furthermore, there is still an operation button 35 provided, which will be explained later. There is also a connector interface 23 , which is suitable eg for programming or for connecting further devices (eg radio modems). It is also still the antenna arrangement 5a provided, wherein the antenna structures in particular by conductor tracks 18 are formed. An air pressure sensor may be present, such as a temperature sensor 6c , These components are (all) on the inner ring 18b educated. A communication chip 22 , in particular in the form of a Bluetooth® chip is also provided, for example, with the antenna arrangement 5a communicates. The air pressure sensor 6a is in particular connected to a sensor element above the filling height. The elements shown are preferably encapsulated by a potting compound, wherein at least the actuating button 35 and the connector interface 23 are accessible. These are designed to be fluid-tight in this case. Basically 5C also the cover-side electronic module 11a represent, wherein the area with the reference numeral 6b then the upper part of the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b holds.

In the 6A . 6B and 7A are also still different embodiments of a calming tube 25 shown. This calming tube is inside the measuring chamber 16 arranged. It includes a first end 25a and an opposite second end 25b , The stilling 25 is with his second end 25b at the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b whereas its first end 25a in the direction of the lid-side end 15a of the immersion section 1b extends. Acoustic signals can enter the calming tube 25 be sent out and received within this. The calming tube 25 includes several openings 26 through which the fluid 7 into the interior of the calming tube 25 can flow in and out, with the remaining webs 27 the wave movements of the fluid 7 be steamed.

In 6A the calming pipe is running 25 conical in the direction of the lid-side end 15a of the immersion section 1b to and ends at a distance from this. The calming tube 25 could according to 6B over its entire length also have a constant cross-section and with a bottom area 14 of the cover-side electronic module 11a contact.

The openings 26 in sum, preferably have a smaller areal extent than the webs 27 , The calming tube 25 extends at least to the maximum level height, but preferably also beyond.

Further preferably, according to 7A all openings 26 (or the vast number of openings 26 ) below the minimum filling level within the measuring chamber 16 arranged. Not shown is that in the measuring chamber 16 , especially in the calming tube 25 still a float can be arranged, by which of the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b emitted acoustic signals are reflected stronger than they would be reflected on the fluid surface. This float dives by a predetermined value in the fluid due to its own weight 7 a, wherein this value in determining the filling level by the control device 4 can be calculated accordingly.

In 7B is still the use of a reference reflector surface 30 shown. The reference reflector surface is preferably also below the minimum fill level within the measurement chamber 16 arranged. Even if the reference reflector area 30 within the calming tube 25 is arranged, this is still within the measuring chamber 16 arranged. The reference reflector surface 30 is immovable and stationary relative to the acoustic transmitting and receiving device 6b arranged.

The control device 4 is designed based on the signal propagation time between a transmitted acoustic signal and the received reflection from the reference reflector surface 30 (in 7B represented by the solid arrows) the speed of sound in the fluid 7 to investigate. As a result, it is the control device 4 it is possible to calculate the filling level on the basis of a later received further reflection of the same emitted acoustic signal from the fluid surface (or the float) (in 7B shown with dashed arrows). In this case, the acoustic transmitting and receiving device detects 6b two temporally spaced reflections of the transmitted acoustic signal. To ensure that they can be safely kept apart, the period over which the acoustic signal is sent must be correspondingly small.

After the speed of sound within the fluid 7 depending on the temperature and the type of fluid 7 Changes can be made by using the reference reflector surface 30 always the exact speed of sound can be determined.

In 9 a corresponding diagram is shown, which illustrates the relationship between the speed of sound of a fluid and its temperature and glycol concentration. The speed of sound is higher at a low temperature of a water-glycol mixture than at a higher temperature. The difference in the speed of sound between different glycol concentrations is usually greater at lower temperatures.

According to the invention it is the control device 4 alone with the measured speed of sound possible, both the glycol concentration of the fluid 7 , as well as to a certain extent the temperature of the fluid 7 to eat. The control device 4 is designed for this, first the speed of sound of the fluid 7 , which depends on the temperature and the glycol concentration of the fluid 7 is to measure continuously over a period of time. The speed of sound changes over the period of time when the vehicle is in operation for longer. The measurement should therefore start at the time when the means of locomotion is put into operation, the temperature of the fluid 7 that is the lowest. In a continuous operation of the means of transport, the speed of sound changes with changing temperature. This change in the speed of sound is measured, with these measurements using calibration curves (see 9 ) in which different sound velocities of fluids at different temperatures and glycol concentrations are included are compared. From this comparison, the corresponding calibration curve for the corresponding fluid 7 be determined, in which the measurement results fall. For this corresponding calibration curve, a glycol concentration is stored, which can be extracted accordingly.

The communication device 5 is then adapted to the information about the glycol concentration to the computer device 50 of the diagnostic system 40 to convey. Basically it would be the arithmetic unit 50 also possible to determine this glycol concentration on the basis of the changing speed of sound itself.

Following this, it would also be possible in principle for the control device to be based on the measured speed of sound in the fluid 7 and the glycol concentration of the fluid 7 the temperature of the fluid 7 determined from the corresponding calibration curve. This happens especially when the speed of sound no longer changes, because then it can be assumed that the temperature has reached a steady value (eg, the means of locomotion has warmed up).

Basically, could also be a temperature sensor 6c be provided, which is adapted to the temperature of the fluid 7 at least indirectly or directly to measure and to the control device 4 to convey. Such a temperature sensor 6c could preferably be in the bottom electronic module 11b be integrated. In this case, he could directly change the temperature of the fluid 7 determine. Basically it would be possible for the temperature sensor 6c also in the cover-side electronic module 11a integrated, and then the temperature of the air between the fluid surface and the gripping and / or attachment portion 1a measures and on this the temperature of the fluid 7 interpolated.

In principle, it would also be possible for the communication device 5 is designed to provide information about the value of the temperature of the fluid 7 (wirelessly) and to the control device 4 to convey. In this case, the value for the temperature could be determined by another temperature sensor at a completely different location. For example, existing temperature sensors could be used here.

In this case, the control device would be 4 also designed to be based on the measured sound velocity and the measured temperature of the fluid 7 from calibration curves (see 9 ) containing different velocities of fluids at different temperatures and glycol concentrations, the corresponding glycol concentration of the fluid 7 to investigate.

In principle, the communication device 5 in addition to the glycol concentration, the speed of sound and / or the temperature of the fluid 7 to the computer device 50 of the diagnostic system 40 to transfer.

In 8th is again a use of the measuring cover according to the invention within the heat exchanger 105 shown. This measuring lid 1 can very easily in a corresponding (centrally arranged) lid opening 2 of the heat exchanger 105 (same liquid container 3 ) are screwed. In case of a defect, it can also be exchanged very easily. All possible antenna arrangements 5a can be used.

In the 6A . 6B and 7A is also shown that the measuring cover an operation button 35 includes. This operation button 35 can then be used when a new measuring lid 1 with a diagnostic system 40 should be operated. So it is advantageous if the diagnostic system 40 only with authenticated measuring lids 1 establishes a data connection. For example, the diagnostic system 40 be operated in a configuration state. This is the diagnostic system 40 trained to newly installed measuring lids 1 to search. The diagnostic system 40 is further configured in this state, a communication link to a newly installed measuring lid 1 if of this in the configuration state of the diagnostic system 40 a detection signal is received. This will then pass through the measuring lid 1 sent out when the operation button 35 is pressed. In this case, the information of the measuring cover is the diagnosis system 1 available and the measuring lid 1 can with respect to its installation location in the diagnostic system 40 deposited (eg measuring lid 1 in the heat exchanger 105 or measuring lid 1 in the coolant tank 107 or measuring lid 1 in the oil circuit). Accordingly, information about the limit values (minimum fill level height or maximum fill level height) can then be exchanged. The measuring lid 1 may also include a programming interface through which it can be configured. For example, the limit values can be communicated to him directly here. It may also suffice if only the type of means of locomotion is indicated.

The diagnostic system 40 is in 12 shown. In addition to the computer device 50 and the pressure sensor 6a , the level sensor 6b (acoustic transmitting and receiving device) and the temperature sensor 6c Still other sensors can be connected to the computer 50 (wireless). This includes, for example, the lambda probe 51 and an OBD memory 52 , Not shown is a communication device of the diagnostic system 40 via which a wireless connection to the sensors 6 can be produced. The computer device 50 is then adapted to generate an error value when the at least one information from the measuring lid 1 received, that results in a minimum Level height of the fluid 7 is reached or fallen below or a maximum level height of the fluid 7 reached or exceeded. The same applies even if the temperature of the fluid 7 has reached or exceeded a limit or the glycol concentration has reached or exceeded or fallen below a predetermined limit. The measuring lid 1 could also directly a glycol sensor 6g include.

The computer device 50 is then adapted to the error value in the form of OBD codes in the OBD memory 52 to write and, where appropriate, an indicator 54 to activate, which indicates a user acoustically or visually on the error value. In this case, all error values obtained, and in particular those that are wireless by the computer device 50 or those generated from wirelessly received readings are stored in the form of OBD codes. In principle, it is also possible that the computer device 50 is adapted to the error value wirelessly to a higher-level control and / or control device 55 to convey. This can be done via a vehicle antenna 108 (please refer 1 . 12 ) respectively. Together with this error value, the vehicle position can then be transmitted. This may for example include GNSS coordinates, in particular GPS coordinates. In the control and / or control device 55 It can also be a workshop, which then immediately to the defective motor vehicle 100 takes care of and, for example, instructs a customer service agent accordingly. The control and / or control device 55 can also be in contact with a workshop or customer service who will then be notified of the defect or OBD error. In particular, the next workshop is selected depending on the vehicle position. However, the workshop selection can also be made depending on the defect or the OBD error. In this case, the workshop would be selected that has the appropriate tool and / or the necessary capacity to fix the detected error. It is also possible for a maintenance technician to use a computer system 56 (eg smartphone) or a printer 57 with the computer device 50 connects to read out or print the error values.

13 shows a possibility like a multitude of vehicles 100 with their OBD errors together with their vehicle positions wirelessly with the parent control and / or control device 55 change. This data exchange can be bidirectional. So it would be for the control and / or control device 55 for example, also possible to change vehicle settings to fix the error, or the user of the motor vehicle 100 to allow additional emergency operation or to transmit the position of the responsible for him and / or next workshop. The wireless data transmission takes place in particular via mobile communications.

The diagnostic system 40 may also include a tilt sensor or interrogate readings therefrom. Depending on these measured values, the information about the fill level height or the achievement of the maximum or minimum fill level can be adjusted by the corresponding inclination of the means of locomotion.

In the 10 and 11 Further examples of sensors are shown, which transmit their measured data to the computer device 50 can transmit. This is on the one hand a pump sensor 6d , where the pump is a sensor 61 for monitoring the pump speed and the pump speed wirelessly to the diagnostic system 40 transmitted.

In 11 is another example of a sensor 6e shown, which is used in a high-voltage connector. This includes a trip bar 62 , which serves to disconnect a high-voltage connection. The high-voltage connector is designed to operate upon actuation of the release bracket 62 interrupt the high-voltage connection and this interruption wirelessly to the diagnostic system 40 to convey. In principle, it is possible that the high-voltage connector is still a display means 63 and is adapted to activate the display means (eg LEDs) in case of interruption of the high-voltage connection, whereby a user is acoustically or visually informed of the interruption and recognizes that there is no longer any danger.

With regard 12 is also shown that the sensors, for example, still a fan speed sensor 6f may include the number of revolutions of a radiator, for example, in front of the heat exchanger 105 is arranged. The sensors can also control the position of the slats (angular position of the air mass control flap unit 102 ).

The measuring lid 1 Can also be used as a replaceable measuring lid 1 or as a retrofittable measuring lid 1 be designated.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. In the context of the invention, all described and / or drawn features can be combined with each other as desired.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1588900 A1 [0004]

Cited non-patent literature

• ISO 9141 [0035]
• ISO 14230-1 [0035]
• ISO 11898 [0035]

Claims (31)

Measuring lid (1) for closing a lid opening (2) of liquid containers (3) in motor vehicles (100), trains, ships and / or aircraft, having the following features: - The measuring cover (1) comprises a gripping and / or fixing portion (1a) and an adjoining immersion portion (1b), wherein: a) the gripping and / or fixing portion (1a) is adapted to produce a positive and / or frictional connection with the liquid container (3) to close the lid opening (2) of the liquid container (3); and b) the immersion portion (1b) within the liquid container (3) can be arranged or arranged; - The immersion portion (1 b) comprises a lid-side end (15 a) and a bottom end (15 b), wherein the lid-side end (15 a) on the gripping and / or fixing portion (1 a) is arranged and wherein the bottom end (15 b) opposite the lid-side end (15 a) is arranged; - Between the bottom end (15 a) and the lid-side end (15 b) a measuring chamber (16) is formed, wherein the measuring chamber (16) by a fluid (7) in the liquid container (3) can be flowed through; - On the bottom end (15b) a bottom-side electronic module (11b) is arranged, which includes an acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b); - The acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b) is adapted to generate acoustic signals and send out within the fluid (7) and to receive reflections of these acoustic signals; a control device (4) is provided, which is designed to measure signal propagation times between an emitted acoustic signal and its reflection in order to generate one or more information therefrom; - There is a communication device (5) is provided, which is adapted to transmit the one or more information to a computer device (50) of a diagnostic system (40). Measuring cover (1) after Claim 1 characterized by the following features: - the at least one item of information is a fill level of the fluid (7) within the fluid container (3) or the signal transit time; and / or - the at least one information indicates whether a maximum fill level has been reached or exceeded or whether a minimum fill level has been reached or fallen below. Measuring cover (1) after Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the following feature: the acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b) is arranged at the bottom end (15b) of the immersion section (1b) such that the main emission direction of the acoustic signal to be emitted is towards the cover-side end (15a) of the immersion section (1b) shows. Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following feature: - the acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b) is an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device. Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following feature: - the bottom-side electronic module (11b) is surrounded by a plastic casting compound. Measuring cover (1) after Claim 5 characterized by the following features: - the bottom-side electronic module (11b) comprises printed conductors (18), wherein the printed conductors are stamped and / or bent parts; or - the bottom-side electronic module (11b) comprises a printed circuit board, on which conductor tracks (18) are arranged. Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features: - a cover-side electronic module (IIa) is provided; the cover-side electronic module (11a) is arranged on the cover-side end (15a) of the immersion section (1b) and / or in the gripping and / or fastening section (1a); - The cover-side electronic module (11a) comprises the communication device (5). Measuring cover (1) after Claim 7 characterized by the following feature: - the gripping and / or fixing section (1a) comprises: a) an energy storage device (10b) in the form of a battery or a rechargeable battery; and / or b) an energy generating device in the form of a Peltier element; and / or c) a connector (10a) for connection to a power source. Measuring cover (1) after Claim 8 characterized by the following feature: - the bottom electronics module (11b) is connected by cables (28) or tracks to the energy storage device (10b), the power generating device and / or the connector (10a) for power supply. Measuring cover (1) according to one of the preceding claims or according to one of Claims 7 to 9 , characterized by the following features: - the control device (4) is arranged in the bottom-side electronic module (11b); or - the control device (4) is arranged in the cover-side electronic module (11a). Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following feature: - the communication device (5) comprises at least one antenna arrangement (5a) and is configured to communicate wirelessly with the computer device (50) of the diagnostic system (40) , Measuring cover (1) after Claim 11 characterized by the following feature: - the communication device (5) is adapted to receive at least one or more information from another measuring lid (1) and to the computer device (50) of the diagnostic system (40) or another measuring device Forward cover (1). Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features: - a calming tube (25) is provided which is arranged inside the measuring chamber (16) and has a first end (25a) and an opposite second end (25). 25b); - The calming tube is arranged with its second end (25b) on the acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b), whereas its first end (25a) extends in the direction of the lid-side end (15a) of the immersion portion (1b), whereby acoustic signals the acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b) can be emitted into the calming tube (25); - The calming tube (25) comprises at its peripheral region openings (26) through which the fluid (7) into the interior of the calming tube (25) in and out can flow, wherein wave movements of the fluid (7) are damped. Measuring cover (1) after Claim 13 characterized by the following feature: all the openings (26) or the majority of the openings (26) are located below a minimum filling level within the measuring chamber (26), the minimum filling level being definable. Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following feature: - a float is arranged in the measuring chamber (16) through which the acoustic signals emitted by the acoustic transmitting and receiving device (6b) are reflected. Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features: - a reference reflector surface (30) is provided; - The reference reflector surface (30) is located below a minimum level height within the measuring chamber (16), wherein the minimum level height can be fixed; - The control device (4) is adapted to determine on the basis of the signal delay between a transmitted acoustic signal and the received reflection from the reference reflector surface (30), the speed of sound in the fluid (7), thereby the level height based on a later received reflection of to calculate the fluid surface. Measuring cover (1) after Claim 16 characterized by the following feature: - the control device (4) is designed to measure the speed of sound of the fluid (7), which is dependent on the temperature and the glycol concentration of the fluid (7), continuously over a certain period of time, to compare the measurement results with calibration curves containing different velocities of fluids at different temperatures and glycol concentration to extract from the measurement results the glycol concentration of the fluid (7) from the calibration curves. Measuring cover (1) after Claim 17 characterized by the following feature: - the control device (4) is designed to determine the temperature of the fluid (7) from the corresponding calibration curve on the basis of the measured speed of sound in the fluid (7) and the glycol concentration of the fluid (7) , Measuring cover (1) after Claim 16 characterized by the following features: - a temperature sensor (6c) is provided, which is designed to directly or indirectly measure the temperature of the fluid (7) and to transmit it to the control device (4); or the communication device (5) is designed to receive information about the value of the temperature of the fluid (7) and to transmit it to the control device (4); - The control device (4) is adapted, based on the measured sound velocity and the measured or obtained temperature of the fluid (7), from calibration curves in which different speeds of sound of fluids at different temperatures and glycol concentration are included, the glycol concentration of the To determine fluids (7). Measuring cover (1) after one of Claims 17 to 19 characterized by the following feature: - the communication device (5) is adapted to communicate information about the glycol concentration and / or the temperature and / or the speed of sound of the fluid (7) to the computer device (50) of the diagnostic system (40) to convey. Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features: - a pressure sensor (6a) is provided, which is designed to provide an air pressure between the fluid (7) and the gripping and / or fastening section (FIG. 1a) to be measured and transmitted to the control device (4); - The communication device (7) is adapted to transmit information about the air pressure to the computer device (50) of the diagnostic system (40); and / or the gripping and / or mounting portion (1a) comprises an LED device, wherein the control device (4) is adapted to activate the LED device when the air pressure exceeds an adjustable threshold. Measuring lid (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following feature: - the gripping and / or fixing portion (1a) comprises an external thread (8a) which leads to an internal thread (8b) on the lid opening (2) of Liquid container (3) corresponds, whereby a releasable positive and / or non-positive connection can be produced. Measuring cover (1) after Claim 22 characterized by the following feature: the gripping and / or fixing section (1a) comprises an overpressure opening (9), the overpressure opening (9) being arranged so as to point away from the gripping and / or fastening section (1a) and already then allows pressure equalization, if the screw connection between measuring cover (1) and liquid container (3) is partially but not completely solved. Measuring lid (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following feature: - the gripping and / or fixing section (1a) comprises an actuating button (35). Diagnostic system (40) for motor vehicles (100), trains, ships and / or aircraft, wherein the diagnostic system (40) comprises one or more further sensors (6d, 6f, 6e) and / or one or more measuring covers (1), which are constructed according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features: - a computer device (50), a communication device and an OBD memory (52) are provided; the communication device is designed to receive the one or more information wirelessly from the one or more measuring lids (1) and / or from the one or more sensors (6d, 6f, 6e) and to the computer device (50). to transmit; - The computer device (50) is adapted to generate an error value when the at least one information shows that a) a minimum level height of the fluid (7) is reached or fallen below; or a maximum filling level of the fluid (7) is reached or exceeded; and / or b) a temperature of the fluid (7) has reached or exceeded a limit value; and / or c) a glycol concentration of the fluid (7) has reached or exceeded or fallen below a predetermined limit value; and / or d) is outside a predetermined threshold; - The computer device (50) is adapted to: a) write the error value in the form of OBD codes in the OBD memory (52); b) to activate a display means (54) which indicates acoustically or visually a user of the error value. Diagnostic system (40) after Claim 25 , characterized by the following feature: - the computer device (50) is designed to transmit the error value and / or position data wirelessly to a higher-level control and / or control device (55). Diagnostic system (40) after Claim 25 or 26 and Claim 24 characterized by the following features: - the measuring cover (1) is designed to emit a detection signal when the actuating button (35) is actuated via its communication device (5); the diagnostic system (40) is configured in a configuration state to search for newly installed measurement lids (1), wherein the diagnostic system (40) is further adapted to establish a communication link to a newly installed measurement lid (1), if a detection signal is received by the latter in the configuration state of the diagnostic system (40). Motor vehicle (100) with a diagnostic system (40), wherein the diagnostic system (40) according to one of Claims 25 to 27 is constructed. Motor vehicle (100) according to Claim 28 characterized by the following features: - at least one pump is further provided comprising a sensor (6d) for monitoring the speed, the pump being adapted to transmit the speed wirelessly to the diagnostic system (40); and / or - at least one high-voltage connector is provided which comprises a trip bar (62) for disconnecting a high-voltage connection, the high-voltage plug connector being designed to interrupt the high-voltage connection when the trip bar (62) is actuated and to transmit this interruption wirelessly to the diagnostic system (40 ) to transmit; and / or - the motor vehicle (100) also comprises a heat exchanger (105), wherein the at least one measuring cover (1) in the heat exchanger (100) is inserted. Motor vehicle (1) according to Claim 29 characterized by the following feature: the high-voltage connector comprises a display means (63) and is adapted to activate the display means (63) upon interruption of the high-voltage connection, thereby acoustically or visually alerting a user of such interruption. Guidance and / or control device (55) adapted to wirelessly receive the error value and / or position data from one or more motor vehicles (100), the one or more motor vehicles (100) according to any one of Claims 28 to 30 are constructed and a diagnostic system (40) according to Claim 26 comprise, characterized by the following features: - The control and / or control device (55) is adapted to send based on the received error value and / or based on the received position data, a message to a computer system of a corresponding workshop and / or a corresponding customer service ; and / or - the control and / or control device (55) is adapted to send based on the received error value and / or based on the received position data information to the computer device (50) of the corresponding motor vehicle (100), the location of a corresponding workshop and / or a corresponding customer service.

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