DE102019007737A1 - Storage device for storing electrical energy for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, as well as a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a storage device (10) for storing electrical energy, with a housing (12), in the receiving space (14) of which a storage cell (16) is accommodated, which has a cell housing (18), and with a cooling device (20) which has an inlet (22) through which a coolant (26) can be introduced into a cooling area (24) of the receiving space (14) by means of the cooling device (20), by means of which the coolant (26) can flow around the storage cell (16) directly on the outer circumference ) is to be cooled, and has an outlet (30) via which the coolant (26) can be discharged from the cooling area (24), the cell housing (18) having a venting element (32) for discharging gas (34) the cell housing (18) provided and in the cooling area (24) arranged area (B), whereby the gas (34) flowing out of the cell housing (18) via the ventilation element (32) can be absorbed by the coolant (26) and with the coolant (26) in the same can be removed from the cooling area (24) via the outlet (30).

Description

The invention relates to a storage device for storing electrical energy for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle.

The DE 10 2018 003 174 A2 discloses a storage device for storing electrical energy for a motor vehicle, with a housing having a receiving space, in the receiving space of which a plurality of storage cells, which are round on the outer circumference, are received for storing the electrical energy. In addition, a cooling device is provided, by means of which a cooling liquid can be introduced into the receiving space, by means of which the storage cells around which the cooling liquid can flow directly on the outer circumference are to be cooled.

The object of the present invention is to create a memory device for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle so that particularly safe operation can be implemented.

This object is achieved by a memory device with the features of claim 1 and by a motor vehicle with the features of claim 9. Advantageous configurations with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a storage device for storing electrical energy or electrical current for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle designed, for example, as a passenger vehicle. This means that the motor vehicle has the memory device in its completely manufactured state. In addition, the motor vehicle has, for example, at least one electrical machine by means of which the motor vehicle can be driven electrically, in particular purely. The motor vehicle is thus designed, for example, as a hybrid or as an electric vehicle, in particular as a battery-electric vehicle. In order to drive the motor vehicle electrically, in particular purely, by means of the electric machine, the electric machine is operated in a motor mode and thus as an electric motor. For this purpose, the electrical machine is supplied with electrical energy or electrical current which is stored in the storage device.

Since the motor vehicle can be driven electrically, in particular purely, by means of the electric machine, the electric machine is also referred to as a traction machine. Since the electrical machine for driving the motor vehicle can be supplied with electrical energy stored in the storage device, the storage device is also referred to as a traction storage device.

The storage device is, for example, a high-voltage component whose electrical voltage, in particular electrical operating or nominal voltage, is greater than 50 volts, preferably than 60 volts, and is preferably several hundred volts. In this way, particularly large electrical powers, in particular for purely electrical driving of the motor vehicle, can be achieved. In particular, the storage device can be designed as an accumulator or battery, in particular a high-voltage battery (HV battery). In particular, it is conceivable that the storage device is designed as a lithium-ion battery. Of course, the previous and following explanations can also be applied to other cell chemistries. The storage device is, for example, an electrical energy store for storing electrical energy, or the storage device is, for example, a component, in particular a module, of such an energy store. The energy store has, for example, several such modules, which can be electrically connected to one another.

The storage device comprises at least one housing which has or delimits at least one receiving space. In addition, the storage device comprises at least one storage cell, also referred to as a cell or individual cell, which is received in the receiving space, in particular at least partially, in particular at least predominantly or completely, and is designed to store the electrical energy. The storage cell is designed, for example, as a battery cell, in particular as a lithium-ion cell. The storage cell comprises a cell housing. For example, at least one electrode of the storage cell is arranged in the cell housing. In addition, an, in particular liquid, electrolyte is arranged in the cell housing, in which the electrode is immersed, for example, at least partially, in particular at least predominantly or completely. In this case, the memory cell has, for example, at least or exactly two contact elements also referred to as cell connectors, terminals or current taps, the electrode being electrically connected to at least one of the contact elements, for example. Be electrically connected via the contact elements to at least one further component of the memory device, such as, for example, to a further memory cell. In particular, the storage cell can provide the electrical energy stored in it via the contact elements, whereby the electrical machine can be supplied with electrical energy.

The electrical machine can, for example, also be operated in a generator mode and thus as a generator. The generator is driven, for example, by the moving motor vehicle and thus by means of kinetic energy of the moving motor vehicle, so that the generator converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy that is provided by the generator. The energy provided by the generator can, for example, be stored in the storage cell via the contact elements and thus be stored as a whole in the storage cell and in the storage device.

The storage device also comprises a cooling device which has at least one inlet via which a coolant can be introduced by means of the cooling device into at least one cooling region of the receiving space. The cooling area is, for example, the entire receiving space or the cooling area is only a part of the receiving space, which is for example separated from a further part of the receiving space, in particular by means of a sealing device, and in particular sealed against the further part. The storage cell around which the coolant can flow is to be cooled by means of the coolant. In other words, direct cooling is provided or the cooling device is designed to provide direct cooling. In the case of direct cooling, the coolant, which is preferably designed as a fluid and is therefore preferably gaseous or liquid, is introduced into the cooling area via the inlet, so that the coolant subsequently flows through the cooling area and thereby flows directly up to and around the outer circumference of the storage cell and thus directly touches or comes into contact. In this way, an at least essentially direct heat transfer from the storage cell to the coolant flowing directly onto and around the storage cell can take place, as a result of which a particularly large amount of heat can be transported away from the storage cell in a short time. The coolant is preferably a dielectric coolant and / or a liquid, in particular a dielectric liquid such as an oil. This can prevent short circuits. In particular, direct cooling is to be understood as meaning that the coolant flowing through the cooling area and flowing directly around the storage cell flows directly onto an outer peripheral surface of the cell housing and flows directly around it, that is, makes direct contact with or touches it.

The cooling device also has at least one outlet, via which the coolant, in particular after it has directly touched the storage cell on the outside circumference and thereby cooled, can be removed from the cooling area or can be discharged. This means that in the context of direct cooling, the coolant flows from the inlet to the outlet, flowing through the cooling area and directly flowing around the outer circumference of the storage cell, in particular the cell housing, and thus touching it. In other words, the coolant touches the storage cell, in particular the cell housing, directly on the outer circumference on its way from the inlet to the outlet, as a result of which the aforementioned direct cooling is implemented.

The invention thus preferably also includes a method for operating the memory device. In the method, the storage cell is cooled by the direct cooling described above.

In order to be able to realize a particularly safe operation of the storage device, it is provided according to the invention that the cell housing, in particular precisely, has an area provided with a ventilation element for the targeted release of gas from the cell housing and arranged in the cooling area, whereby the above the ventilation element Gas discharged from the cell housing and thus flowing out can be absorbed by the coolant and can be discharged with the coolant in the same via the outlet from the cooling region.

For example, if the storage cell is damaged in particular as a result of an accident, a gas can arise from the electrolyte, which can initially collect in the cell housing, for example. As the amount of gas taken up in the cell housing increases, the pressure prevailing in the cell housing increases. If the pressure exceeds a pressure threshold, the venting element specifically releases the cell housing or the venting element selectively opens the cell housing so that the gas can escape from the cell housing. This can prevent the storage cell from exploding. The feature that the cell housing is purposefully vented by means of the venting element or that the gas can be purposefully vented from the cell housing by means of the venting element is to be understood in particular that when the pressure prevailing in the cell housing exceeds the pressure threshold, the cell housing first and / or exclusively through the venting element or at a point at which the venting element is arranged and not in an uncontrolled manner at another point, so that the gas opens specifically at the point at which the venting element is arranged and not in an uncontrolled manner at another Body can flow out of the cell housing. For this purpose, the venting element comprises, for example, at least or precisely one also known as a vent or outlet opening and a bursting element, for example designed as a rupture disk, through which the opening is closed when the pressure prevailing in the cell housing is less than the pressure threshold. If the pressure exceeds the pressure threshold, the bursting element bursts, whereby the bursting element releases the opening. As a result, the gas can flow out of the cell housing through the opened opening, so that the cell housing can be specifically vented. The bursting element is designed in such a way that there is a very high probability that it will burst or the cell housing will open before an uncontrolled opening of the cell housing occurs at another point through which the gas could escape from the cell housing. For this purpose it is provided in particular that the bursting element has, for example, a smaller wall thickness or a lower stability or strength than the rest of the cell housing.

The gas and, for example, at least part of the electrolyte can be drained from the cell housing via the ventilation element. For example, the gas and the electrolyte form an electrolyte-gas mixture, also referred to as a mixture, which can be drained from the cell housing via the ventilation element. When the gas is mentioned above and below, this can also be understood to mean the mixture.

Since the area is arranged in the cooling area, if the ventilation element has opened the cell housing in a targeted manner as a result of the pressure prevailing in the cell housing and as a result the gas and, for example, part of the electrolyte can flow out of the cell housing via the released opening Coolants received in the cooling area or flowing through the cooling area flow directly onto and / or around the area and thus, for example, the venting element. In this way, for example, the gas flowing out of the cell housing via the ventilation element or a mixture comprising the gas and the electrolyte from the cell housing and also referred to as a gas-electrolyte mixture can flow at least essentially directly into the coolant and thus be absorbed by the coolant. Since the coolant flows, for example, in the direction of the outlet or to the outlet, the coolant takes the gas or mixture contained in it with it, so that the gas or mixture is targeted from the venting element to the outlet and in particular through the outlet and thus out of the housing or the recording room is transported out. As a result, a targeted and advantageous discharge of the gas or the mixture from the cooling area and from the receiving space, in particular from the housing, can be realized.

The invention makes it possible, for example, when the memory device has a plurality of memory cells, to prevent a thermal event occurring in one of the memory cells from spreading to another of the memory cells. Such a thermal event, which occurs, for example, in one of the storage cells, results, for example, from a particularly accident-related application of force or from, for example, accident-related damage to one storage cell and leads, for example, to the above-described formation of the gas in the cell housing of the one storage cell. Basically or for technical reasons, the thermal event, which is also referred to as a thermal event or thermal event and occurs in one memory cell, can also cause a thermal event in another of the memory cells, although it does not result in a thermal event in the other memory cell on its own Damage or a thermal event would not occur. Thus, the thermal event can spread or the thermal event can spread from the one memory cell to the other storage cell or to other storage cells, this spread or this spread also being referred to as runaway or thermal propagation.

Since the gas as well as the electrolyte from the cell housing, especially in the event of a thermal event in the storage cell, can be conducted away from the storage cell particularly quickly, specifically and effectively and, in particular, can be conducted out of the receiving space or the housing, thermal runaway can be prevented or at least delayed for a long time. In other words, this can prevent the thermal event that has occurred in the memory cell from also causing a thermal event in another memory cell of the memory device.

The invention is based in particular on the following events: Batteries or accumulator systems, in particular lithium-ion accumulator systems, usually have several interconnected modules which themselves have several interconnected storage cells formed, for example, from lithium-ion cells. Usually the respective module is cooled indirectly, so that the respective module does not have to be sealed at module level. In the case of direct cooling, however, a complete seal can be provided at the module or system level. The invention enables It is important to realize a particularly compact design of the storage device and, at the same time, safe operation, since, in particular in the event of a thermal event in the storage cell, any gas that may arise in the cell housing can be effectively, efficiently and specifically directed away and, for example, kept away from other storage cells in the storage device. In particular, an excessive, direct exposure to the other storage cells with the gas and the electrolyte from the one storage cell can be avoided, so that thermal runaway can be avoided.

In particular, it is possible to lead the gas away from the cell housing from critical, unfavorable areas and to lead it to a favorable area in which, for example, the gas can be led particularly favorably to the surroundings of the motor vehicle. In particular, releasing the gas into the surroundings of the motor vehicle underneath the motor vehicle, also referred to as degassing, can be avoided. The cooling device has, for example, a cooling path through which the coolant can flow, the cooling region, the inlet and the outlet, for example, being arranged in the cooling path. It is thus possible with the invention to transport the GAs and, if necessary, the electrolyte out of the cell housing via the cooling path and thus to divert it away. By using the coolant, in particular via the cooling path, the gas or mixture from the cell housing of the continuous storage cell, which is usually very hot and thus also referred to as hot gas or formed as hot gas, is distributed via or in the coolant. In particular, the gas or mixture is bypassed by means of the coolant and cells adjacent to the storage cell in the same, but distributed over the cooling path and in particular cooled by means of the coolant.

As a result, excessive heating of the other memory cells and runaway of the other memory cells can be avoided.

In order to achieve a particularly high level of security, it is provided in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention that the storage device has at least one component arranged outside the receiving space, in particular outside the housing, in which the gas discharged from the cooling area via the outlet and the gas contained coolant is at least temporarily absorbed. For example, the component can be flowed through by the coolant discharged from the cooling region via the outlet and containing the gas. The component is preferably formed separately from the housing and separately from the storage cell and is provided in addition to the housing and in addition to the storage cell. By using the component, the coolant and the gas or mixture contained in the coolant can be guided in a particularly defined and targeted manner and, for example, discharged to the surroundings of the motor vehicle.

It has been shown to be particularly advantageous if the component has a further ventilation element. The previous and following statements on the first ventilation element can easily be transferred to the further ventilation element and vice versa. By means of the further venting element, for targeted venting of the component, the gas or mixture emerging in the component from the coolant contained at least temporarily in the component can be purposefully discharged from the component to its surroundings. In other words, the gas or mixture taken up in the coolant can escape from the coolant in the component, that is to say, for example, degas, because it was guided into the component by means of the coolant. For this purpose, the component, in particular its interior, has, for example, a first partial area in which the coolant can be or is at least temporarily received. In addition, the component, in particular its interior, has, for example, a second partial area adjoining the first partial area or adjoining the first partial area, which is free of the coolant. The gas or mixture can now exit, for example, from the coolant accommodated in the first sub-area and flow into the second sub-area. As the amount of gas emerging from the coolant in the component increases, for example, a pressure prevailing in the coolant rises. If the pressure exceeds a pressure limit, the further venting element opens the component in a targeted manner so that, for example, the gas or mixture can flow from the second partial area and thus from the component to its surroundings.

The further ventilation element comprises, for example, at least or exactly one further opening and at least or exactly one further bursting element, for example designed as a further bursting disc, so that the previous and following statements on the ventilation element of the storage cell can easily be transferred to the further ventilation element of the component and vice versa . Furthermore, it is conceivable that the further venting element has a valve which opens, for example, when the pressure prevailing in the component exceeds the pressure limit, and thus releases the component in a targeted manner, such that the gas or mixture from the second sub-area or can flow out of the component via the valve to the environment of the component.

Another embodiment is characterized in that the cooling device has a cooling circuit through which the coolant can or is flowed through in normal operation of the storage device, during which gas is not released from the cell housing via the ventilation element.

It has been shown to be particularly advantageous if the component is fluidically connected to the outlet via a conduit element which runs outside the receiving space, in particular outside the housing, through which the coolant discharged from the cooling area via the outlet can flow and which is arranged in the cooling circuit even during normal operation of the storage device, through which the coolant flowing through the cooling region and the outlet can or is flowed through. The line element is preferably formed separately from the housing and separately from the storage cell and separately from the component and is provided in addition to the housing, in addition to the storage cell and in addition to the component.

The line element thus preferably has a dual function. On the one hand, the line element is used during or during normal operation in order to discharge the coolant flowing through the cooling circuit during normal operation from the outlet and thus from the cooling region via the outlet. In this way, for example, the coolant flowing out of the cooling region via the outlet can be guided back to the inlet again by means of the line element.

The component also preferably has a dual function. For this purpose, the component can be flowed through by the coolant flowing through the cooling region and the outlet, for example, even during normal operation of the storage device. Thus, on the one hand, the component is used during normal operation, for example, to guide the coolant. On the other hand, the component is used, for example, to degas the coolant, that is, to guide the gas or mixture contained in the coolant to an advantageous location and to discharge it from the coolant and, for example, to lead it to the surroundings of the motor vehicle. This enables a particularly high level of security to be achieved.

As an alternative or in addition, it is provided that the component is fluidically connected to the outlet via a guide element that runs outside the receiving space and through which the coolant discharged from the cooling area via the outlet can flow, which for example runs outside the GS. The guide element can only be flowed through by the coolant flowing through the cooling region and the outlet when the gas is discharged from the cell housing via the venting element. This means that the guide element is not used to guide the coolant during normal operation. Thus, for example, the guide element is not flowed through by the coolant during normal operation. However, when the gas or mixture is specifically discharged from the cell housing via the ventilation element, the guide element is used to discharge the coolant containing the gas or the mixture, in particular over a particularly short route, from the cooling area via the outlet and to in particular to lead into the component. In this way, for example, a targeted and thus rapid guidance of the gas away from the cooling area and thus away from the storage cell can be realized. In particular, the guide element makes it possible to guide the gas from the cooling area to the component over a particularly short route. This enables a particularly high level of security to be achieved.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the component is an expansion tank arranged in the cooling circuit, in particular to compensate for volume and / or quantity fluctuations of the coolant. The expansion tank has a particularly advantageous volume, so that by means of the expansion tank or in the expansion tank, the gas or mixture can be removed particularly well from the coolant. In the expansion tank, the hot gas or mixture, in particular due to the advantageously large volume of the expansion tank, has the particularly advantageous possibility of expanding and thus degassing from the coolant and finally reaching the area around the expansion tank, for example via the further venting element.

Finally, it has been shown to be particularly advantageous if the cooling device has a pump which is designed to transfer the coolant into the cooling area and to the outlet both during normal operation of the storage device and when the gas is discharged from the cell housing via the ventilation element and to convey through the outlet. In this way, for example, the gas or mixture flowing out of the cell housing via the ventilation element can escape particularly effectively and efficiently transported away from the cooling area and transported to the outlet.

The invention makes it possible, in particular, to avoid costly ventilation elements for the targeted discharge of the gas from the receiving space at the module level and thus, for example, on the housing. At the same time, particularly safe operation can be implemented, since the gas and thus the heat generated during the thermal event is transferred directly into the coolant, which is also referred to as the coolant. In particular, the number of venting elements embodied, for example, as rupture disk systems, in particular at module level, can thereby be kept particularly low.

For example, a volume flow of the coolant, the volume flow of which flows into the cooling area, for example when the gas is specifically released from the cell housing via the ventilation element via the inlet, flows through the cooling area and thereby flows past the area or flows around the area directly, in particular by means of the pump and / or adjusted by means of at least one valve device. In particular, it is provided that the pump runs actively when the gas is specifically released from the cell housing via the venting element and thus actively conveys the coolant via the inlet into the cooling area, through the cooling area and to the outlet. As a result, the preferably dielectric coolant can flow afterwards. This means that the coolant not only flows from the area of the storage cell to the outlet, but new coolant also flows from the inlet to the area, so that particularly large amounts of the gas or mixture can also be effectively and efficiently transported away from the storage cell.

By using the guide element, the gas from the cell housing does not have to flow the entire cooling path past other storage cells, but can for example - before the gas in the coolant reaches other storage cells - be diverted from the receiving space or cooling area via the guide element. The guide element can thus function as a forced ventilation system, which is then and preferably only used when the gas is released from the cell housing via the ventilation element. In this way, it can be avoided, for example, that the gas or mixture taken up in the coolant is conducted from the storage cell to the other storage cell of the storage device by means of the coolant. As a result, the probability of the memory device running through can be kept particularly low.

In particular, the invention makes it possible to discharge the gas or mixture from the coolant again from the coolant at a particularly advantageous point and to conduct it to the surroundings of the motor vehicle. For this purpose, for example, the component is positioned at an advantageous location on or in the motor vehicle. In particular, the component is positioned, in particular on or in the motor vehicle, such that a defined degassing direction can be selected or implemented. Furthermore, it is possible that the gas or mixture is or is cooled so much on its way from the area to the component that, for example, when the gas or mixture is released to the surroundings of the motor vehicle, expansion of the gas or mixture is particularly low can be held.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle, preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger vehicle, which has at least one storage device according to the invention according to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and advantageous configurations of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous configurations of the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and on the basis of the drawing. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations or alone, without the scope of the Invention to leave.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Speichereinrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie für ein Kraftfahrzeug;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Speichereinrichtung; und
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform der Speichereinrichtung.

The drawing shows in:

• 1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a storage device according to the invention for storing electrical energy for a motor vehicle;
• 2 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the memory device; and
• 3rd a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the memory device.

Identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

1 shows in a schematic representation a first embodiment of a storage device 1 for a preferably as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, designed motor vehicle. By means of or in the storage device 10 electrical energy or electricity can be stored. For this purpose, the storage device comprises 10 at least one housing 12th , which is a recording room 14th has or limited. In addition, the storage device comprises 10 several, at least partially, in particular at least predominantly or completely, in the receiving space 14th arranged memory cells 16 , in or by means of which the electrical energy can be stored. The respective memory cell 16 has a cell housing 18th on, in which an, in particular liquid, electrolyte is added.

Furthermore, the storage device comprises 10 a cooling device 20th which at least one inlet 22nd having. About the inlet 22nd is by means of the cooling device 20th a preferably liquid coolant in at least one cooling area 24 of the recording room 14th initiable. At the in 1 The first embodiment shown is the cooling area 24 at least a predominant part, i.e. more than half of the recording space 14th . For example, the cooling area 24 the entire recording room 14th be. Using the in 1 The coolant, shown particularly schematically and designated by 26, can be directly removed from the coolant on the outer circumference 26th storage cells that can be flowed around 16 be cooled. In other words, the respective cell housing 18th has an outer circumferential lateral surface 28 on. This can be done through the inlet 22nd in the cooling area 24 initiated and subsequently the cooling area 24 coolant flowing through 26th the respective outer circumferential lateral surface 28 , in particular at least predominantly or completely, flow directly onto or around them and thus touch them directly, so that an at least essentially direct heat transfer from the respective storage cell 16 to the coolant 26th he follows. This results in direct cooling of the storage cells 16 realized.

The cooling device 20th also has at least one outlet 30th on what the coolant 26th - especially after it's the cooling area 24 flows through and thereby the storage cells 16 touched and cooled - from the cooling area 24 is or is being discharged. In particular, the coolant 26th over the outlet 30th from the recording room 14th , especially from the case 12th , discharged in total.

In order to ensure particularly safe operation of the storage device 10 and thus to be able to realize the motor vehicle as a whole, the respective cell housing 18th one with at least exactly one in 1 ventilation element shown particularly schematically 32 for targeted release of gas 34 from the cell housing 18th provided and in the cooling area 24 arranged and thus from which the cooling area 24 flowing through coolant 26th Area that can flow directly onto or around the area and thus directly contactable B. on which, for example, a head or a bottom of the respective storage cell 16 , especially the cell housing 18th , is.

For this purpose, the ventilation element comprises 32 for example, an opening and a bursting element, for example designed as a rupture disk, by means of which, when an in the cell housing 18th the prevailing pressure is less than a pressure threshold, the opening is completely closed. For example, if there is a thermal event in one of the memory cells 16 , the thermal event, for example, from an accident-related application of force or damage to one storage cell 16 results, arises from the electrolyte in the cell housing 18th the one memory cell 16 the gas 34 . As the amount of gas increases 34 in the cell housing 18th that rises in the cell housing 18th prevailing pressure. Exceeds that in the cell housing 18th If the prevailing pressure exceeds the pressure threshold, the bursting element bursts, causing the cell housing 18th specifically at, in particular precisely, a point in which the ventilation element 32 is arranged, is opened, in particular without the cell housing 18th opens in a different place, different from the place. When the bursting element bursts, the bursting element releases the openings, so that the gas 34 from the cell housing 18th through the released opening from the cell housing 18th can flow out. This causes the gas 34 targeted from the cell housing 18th drained without affecting the storage cell 16 exploded uncontrollably.

That about the ventilation element 32 from the cell housing 18th outflowing gas is in 1 denoted by 34. It is conceivable that in addition to the gas 34 also at least part of the in the cell housing 18th absorbed electrolyte via the venting element 32 from the cell housing 18th flows out, so the gas 34 and the electrolyte from the cell housing 18th form an electrolyte-gas mixture, also referred to simply as a mixture. Was before and is only talked about in the following about the gas 34 , so can also include the electrolyte or the electrolyte-gas mixture from the cell housing 18th be understood.

By that the area B. and thus also the ventilation element 32 in the cooling area 24 are arranged, the flows through the cooling area 24 coolant flowing through 26th on the venting element 32 or at the area B. over or the cooling area 24 coolant flowing through 26th contact the department in particular B. right when the gas 34 about the released opening and thus via the ventilation element 32 and thereby in the area B. from the cell housing 18th emanates. This can take it out of the cell housing 18th escaping gas 34 at least essentially directly into the cooling area 24 coolant flowing through 26th flow in and thus from the coolant 26th be included. So there the area B. and the venting element 32 in the cooling area 24 and directly from the coolant 26th can flow around, is or will be via the ventilation element 32 from the cell housing 18th escaping gas 34 of the coolant 26th absorbable or recorded and with the coolant 26th in the same via the outlet 30th from the cooling area 24 , especially from the recording room 14th and especially from the housing 12th total, deductible or deducted. In addition, the hot gas, which is designed as a hot gas, for example 34 in the coolant 26th distribute and is by means of the coolant 26th chilled. This can, for example, reduce the probability that a 16 occurring thermal event also to a thermal event at another of the memory cells 16 leads, at which it does not come to a thermal event, can be kept particularly low.

The storage device 10 has a separate from the housing 12th and separate from the memory cells 16 trained, additionally provided and outside of the receiving space 14th , especially outside the case 12th , arranged component in the form of an expansion tank 36 on. In the expansion tank 36 is or will be via the outlet 30th from the cooling area 24 discharged and the gas 34 contained coolant 26th at least temporarily recordable or recorded. The expansion tank has 36 another vent element 38 on which the previous and following explanations on the ventilation element 32 can be easily transmitted and vice versa. In 1 the opening of the further venting element, designed for example as a through opening 38 denoted by 40, and the bursting element, designed for example as a bursting disk, of the further venting element 38 is in 1 designated by 42. Out 1 can be seen that the opening 40 in their released state on the one hand or one end directly into the expansion tank 36 , especially inside 44 , and on the other hand, at the other end directly to an environment 46 of the expansion tank 36 , in particular of the motor vehicle as a whole, opens. By means of the further ventilation element 38 is for targeted venting of the expansion tank 36 that in the expansion tank 36 , especially inside 44 , from which at least temporarily in the expansion tank 36 absorbed coolant 26th leaking gas 34 from the expansion tank 36 on its surroundings 46 , especially targeted, purgable. This is what the gas is for 34 containing coolants 26th in a first sub-area T1 of the interior 44 of the expansion tank 36 at least temporarily added, in particular such that the coolant 26th the sub-area T1 flows through. One directly to the first sub-area T1 adjoining second sub-area T2 of the interior 44 is free from the coolant 26th . This can cause the gas 34 inside 44 relax and thus out of the coolant 26th emerge or outgas and, for example, initially in the second sub-area T2 collect. With increasing, in the sub-area T2 absorbed gas 34 rises into the expansion tank 36 prevailing pressure. If the pressure exceeds a pressure threshold, the further venting element opens 38 the expansion tank 36 targeted so the gas 34 targeted from the expansion tank 36 is drained.

The cooling device 20th has a cooling circuit 48 on, which in normal operation of the storage device 10 of the coolant 26th can be flowed through or is flowed through. The storage device is in normal operation 10 error-free, so that, particularly in normal operation, gas is released from the cell housing 18th or from all cell housings 18th the storage device 10 via the respective ventilation element 32 is omitted.

It is in the flow direction of the coolant 26th through the cooling circuit 48 the expansion tank 36 downstream of the cooling area 24 arranged, the expansion tank 36 in the cooling circuit 48 is arranged. In the cooling circuit 48 is also a cooling element designed, for example, as a heat exchanger 50 arranged, which is thus of the coolant 26th is permeable. The cooling element 50 is downstream of the expansion tank 36 and upstream of the cooling area 24 arranged. By means of the cooling element 50 that will be the cooling element 50 coolant flowing through 26th cooled, whereupon the cooling area 24 again with the coolant 26th can be supplied. In addition, is in the cooling circuit 48 a pump 52 arranged, by means of which the coolant 26th especially in normal operation through the cooling circuit 48 is or is being funded. The pump 52 is downstream of the cooling element 50 and upstream of the cooling area 24 arranged.

In the cooling circuit 48 is for example a first line element 54 arranged, which is downstream of the expansion tank 36 and upstream of the cooling area 24 is arranged. About the line element 54 is the cooling area 24 fluidically with the expansion tank 36 connected, being in the conduit element 54 the cooling element 50 and the pump 52 are arranged. Thus, in particular, is the inlet 22nd via the line element 54 fluidically with the expansion tank 36 connected. Thus becomes the inlet 22nd via the line element 54 with the coolant 26th from the expansion tank 36 provided.

In the cooling circuit 48 is also a second line element 56 arranged, which is downstream of the cooling area 24 and upstream of the expansion tank 36 is arranged. The line element 56 is separate from the housing 12th , separate from the memory cells 16 and separate from the expansion tank 36 formed and fluidically connected to the expansion tank 36 and fluidically with the outlet 30th connected so that the line element 56 from the one via the outlet 30th from the cooling area 24 discharged coolant 26th can be flowed through or is flowed through.

Out 1 it can be seen that the expansion tank 36 fluidically with the outlet 30th about the outside of the recording room 14th , especially the housing 12th , running, from which over the outlet 30th from the cooling area 24 discharged coolant 26th can flow through and in the cooling circuit 48 arranged line element 56 is connected, which is also the case during normal operation of the storage device 10 from which the cooling area 24 and the outlet 30th through which coolant can flow is or is flowed through. That the gas 34 contained coolant 26th is thus from the outlet 30th by means of the line element 56 to and especially in the expansion tank 36 guided. In addition, in 1 Arrows 27 a flow of the coolant 26th through the cooling area 24 .

2 shows a second embodiment of the memory device 10 . The second embodiment of the storage device 10 differs in particular from the first embodiment in that the line element 56 fluidically with another outlet 58 the cooling device 20th is connected, the outlet 58 from the outlet 30th spaced and in addition to the outlet 30th is provided. In the second embodiment, the expansion tank is 36 fluidically with the outlet 30th via an outside of the recording room 14th , especially outside the case 12th , running, from which over the outlet 30th from the cooling area 24 discharged coolant 26th second conduit element through which a flow can flow and also referred to as a guide element 60 connected, which is preferably separate from the housing 12th , separate from the memory cells 16 and preferably also separately from the line element 56 formed and in particular in addition to the line element 56 is provided. The line element 60 is or will only be used when using the ventilation element 32 subsequent discharge of the gas 34 from the cell housing 18th from which the cooling area 24 and the outlet 30th flowing through coolant 26th flowable or flowed through. Provision is preferably made for the coolant to flow in normal operation 26th through the line element 60 is omitted. Out 2 it can be seen that the line element 60 and thus the conduit element 60 coolant flowing through 26th the line element 56 bypasses, so the coolant 26th by means of the line element 60 compared to the line element 56 the shorter way from the outlet 30th to the expansion tank 36 and especially in the expansion tank 36 can be performed. This can for example avoid the hot gas 34 to other storage cells 16 to be led. This can cause thermal runaway of the storage device 10 particularly well avoided or at least delayed.

By means of the pump 52 becomes the coolant 26th both during normal operation and then, via the inlet 22nd in the cooling area 24 and to the outlet 30th and through the outlet 30th conveyed through when the gas 34 from the cell housing 18th via the ventilation element 32 is purposefully drained. This causes the coolant to flow 26th not just from the area B. to the outlet 30th but it also becomes at least essentially steady coolant 26th from the inlet 22nd to the area B. promoted. This allows the gas 34 and optionally electrolyte and heat particularly effectively from the storage cell exhibiting the thermal event 16 be discharged.

The expansion tank 36 can in particular be positioned so that a defined degassing direction can be selected. In particular, it is conceivable that the gas 34 on his way from the area B. to and into the expansion tank 36 cools sharply, causing excessive expansion of the gas 34 can be avoided.

Finally shows 3rd a third embodiment of the memory device 10 . In the third embodiment, the memory device is 10 designed as an energy store, which several, in the housing 12th arranged modules 62 having. The previous and following statements on the storage device 10 according to 1 and 2 without further ado on the modules 62 transmitted and vice versa. In addition, in 3rd Arrows 64 a flow of the coolant 26th through the cooling circuit 48 .

List of reference symbols

10

Storage facility

12th

casing

14th

Recording room

16

Storage cell

18th

Cell housing

20th

Cooling device

22nd

inlet

24

Cooling area

26th

Coolant

27

arrow

28

outer circumferential lateral surface

30th

Outlet

32

Ventilation element

34

gas

36

surge tank

38

another ventilation element

40

opening

42

Bursting element

44

Interior

46

Surroundings

48

Cooling circuit

50

Cooling element

52

pump

54

Line element

56

Line element

58

Outlet

60

Line element

62

module

64

arrow

B.

Area

T1

first part

T2

second sub-area

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102018003174 A2 [0002]

Claims (9)

Storage device (10) for storing electrical energy for a motor vehicle, with at least one housing (12) having a receiving space (14), with at least one storage cell (16) received in the receiving space (14) and designed to store the electrical energy, which a cell housing (18), and with a cooling device (20) which has at least one inlet (22) via which a coolant (26) can be introduced by means of the cooling device (20) into at least one cooling area (24) of the receiving space (14) , by means of which the storage cell (16) around which the coolant (26) can flow is to be cooled, and has at least one outlet (30) through which the coolant (26) can be discharged from the cooling region (24), characterized in that the cell housing (18) has an area (B) provided with a venting element (32) for discharging gas (34) from the cell housing (18) and arranged in the cooling area (24), w odby the gas (34) flowing out of the cell housing (18) via the venting element (32) can be absorbed by the coolant (26) and removed from the cooling area (24) with the coolant (26) in the same via the outlet (30). Storage device (10) according to Claim 1 , characterized by at least one component (36) arranged outside the receiving space (14) in which the coolant (26) discharged from the cooling area (24) via the outlet (30) and containing the gas (34) can be at least temporarily received. Storage device (10) according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the component (36) has a further venting element (38), by means of which, for venting the component (36), the coolant (26) in the component (36) escapes from the at least temporarily accommodated in the component (36) Gas (34) can be discharged from the component (36) to its surroundings (46). Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling device (20) has a cooling circuit (48) which, in normal operation of the storage device (10), in normal operation of which gas (34) is released from the cell housing ( 18) is omitted via the ventilation element (32) through which the coolant (26) can flow. Storage device (10) according to Claim 4 in its reference to Claim 2 or 3rd , characterized in that the component (36) fluidly communicates with the outlet (30) via a coolant (26) which runs outside the receiving space (14) and which can flow through the coolant (26) discharged from the cooling area (24) via the outlet (30) and in the Cooling circuit (48) arranged line element (56) is connected, which can flow through the cooling area (24) and the outlet (30) flowing through the coolant (26) even during normal operation of the storage device (10). Storage device (10) according to Claim 5 , or after Claim 4 in its reference to Claim 2 or 3rd , characterized in that the component (36) is fluidly connected to the outlet (30) via a guide element (60) which runs outside the receiving space (14) and through which the coolant (26) discharged from the cooling area (24) via the outlet (30) can flow ), which can only be flown through by the coolant (26) flowing through the cooling area (24) and the outlet (30) when the gas (34) is released from the cell housing (18) via the ventilation element (32). Storage device (10) according to Claim 2 , to Claim 3 , to Claim 4 in its reference to Claim 2 or 3rd , to Claim 5 or after Claim 6 , characterized in that the component (36) is an expansion tank (36) arranged in the cooling circuit (48). Storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling device (20) has a pump (52) which is designed to discharge gas (34) both during normal operation of the storage device (10) and during normal operation thereof ) from the cell housing (18) via the ventilation element (32) is omitted, and when the gas (34) is released from the cell housing (18) via the ventilation element (32) the coolant (26) into the cooling area (24) and to the outlet (30) and through the outlet (30). Motor vehicle, with at least one storage device (10) according to one of the preceding claims.

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