DE102019005344A1 - Switchable hydromount - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switchable hydraulic mount (1), in particular for mounting motor vehicle engines, comprising: a first fluid chamber (2) which is partially delimited by a spring body (8), a second fluid chamber (5) which is connected via at least one fluid channel (10 ) is fluidically connected to the first fluid chamber (2), so that when the spring body (8) springs in and out, a damping fluid can flow between the first fluid chamber (2) and the second fluid chamber (5), a decoupling chamber (4), which has a pressure compensation opening (12), a decoupling membrane (3) which is arranged between the first fluid chamber (2) and the decoupling chamber (4) and separates these fluidically from one another, a switchable valve (6) which optionally opens the pressure compensation opening (12) can open or close in order to change a decoupling effect of the decoupling membrane (3), the switchable valve (6) having a closure element (24) and an actuator element (21), wherein d The closure element (24) can be displaced by means of the actuator element (21) between a closed position in which the closure element (24) closes the pressure compensation opening (12) and an open position in which the closure element (24) opens the pressure compensation opening (12), and wherein the actuator element (21) is at least partially formed from a shape memory alloy and can be switched between an activated state and a deactivated state. Another aspect is a bearing, in particular for storing motor vehicle engines.

Description

The present invention relates to a switchable hydraulic mount, in particular for mounting motor vehicle engines.

Such bearings are usually used in the storage of engines. Switchable motor bearings are used to switch the stiffness or damping, for example, depending on the speed of the motor. For example, better decoupling can be achieved with a lower rigidity when idling and thus the driving comfort can be improved.

Switchable engine mounts, such as that of the present invention, are based on the actuating principle of a hydraulically damping engine mount. In addition to pneumatic actuators, electromagnetic or electrodynamic actuators are used to change the dynamic properties of switchable engine mounts. The use of electromagnetic and electrodynamic actuators enables fast switching behavior, non-contact force generation, large travel ranges and uncomplicated electrical control. Pneumatic actuators, on the other hand, require an external supply of compressed air or vacuum for switching, which is sometimes more complex to implement than supplying electrical energy. Therefore, the prior art mostly relies on coil-based actuators.

It is known from the prior art that it can be advantageous to separate the hydraulic chamber of switchable bearings (main or primary chamber) from a gas-filled second chamber (secondary chamber) in a liquid-tight manner via an elastic membrane. The primary chamber is then in mechanical or hydrodynamic operative connection with the secondary chamber via the elastic membrane, but there is no exchange of the respective medium. The secondary chamber can have an additional opening through which the medium containing the secondary chamber can leave the chamber. The second chamber is filled with a compressible or also incompressible fluid or gas, the density of which is significantly lower than the density of the hydraulic fluid in the first chamber. In the simplest case, this medium is air and the secondary chamber is connected to the atmosphere via an additional opening (or an adjoining duct). Due to the low density of the air, the opening can be selected to be very small (single-digit square millimeter range) and still sufficient fluid can flow through the opening to ensure adequate pressure equalization.

If pressure is applied to the primary chamber, for example by a motor and successive motor bearing bracket movement, this pressure acts on the secondary chamber via the elastic membrane. If there is overpressure compared to the atmosphere, the medium in the secondary chamber escapes through the additional opening, so that pressure equalization occurs and the pressure acting in the primary and secondary chamber can be reduced to ambient pressure. The opening of the secondary chamber can be opened or closed by means of an actuator. In the closed state, the medium in the secondary chamber can no longer escape from the chamber when pressure is applied, as a result of which pressure is built up in the secondary chamber, which acts back on the primary chamber via the membrane and thus increases the dynamic rigidity of the switchable bearing Consequence.

Coil-based actuators are conventionally used to close the opening of the secondary chamber. However, coil-based actuators have the disadvantage that they require a considerable amount of electrically conductive material, mostly copper, and may even contain expensive permanent magnets. Furthermore, when using coil-based actuators, such as those used in the prior art, their switching behavior can lead to undesired sound emissions due to opening or closing noises. In addition, coil-based actuators have a high weight and volume, which increases the installation space of the entire switchable bearing. In addition, it can be problematic that coil-based actuators require the coil to be oversized in order to ensure the function of the coil-based actuators even at ambient temperatures (approx. 100 ° C.). Furthermore, it is disadvantageous when using coil-based actuators that the coil-based actuators have a comparatively large power requirement of a few watts. Furthermore, the magnetic fields generated by the coil can have a negative effect on electromagnetic compatibility.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an improved switchable hydraulic bearing which can be manufactured inexpensively and compactly and which is economical and quiet in operation.

The above object is achieved by independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

A first aspect of the present invention is a switchable hydraulic mount, in particular for mounting motor vehicle engines, having: a first fluid chamber, which is partially supported by a Spring body is limited, a second fluid chamber which is fluidically connected to the first fluid chamber via at least one fluid channel, so that when the spring body springs in and out, a damping fluid can flow between the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber, a decoupling chamber which has a pressure equalization opening has, a decoupling membrane which is arranged between the first fluid chamber and the decoupling chamber and fluidically separates them from one another, a switchable valve which can optionally open or close the pressure compensation opening in order to change a decoupling effect of the decoupling membrane, the switchable valve having a closure element and a Has actuator element, wherein the closure element by means of the actuator element between a closed position in which the closure element closes the pressure compensation opening and an open position in which the closure element opens the pressure compensation opening, shifted is detectable, and wherein the actuator element is at least partially formed from a shape memory alloy and can be switched between an activated state and a deactivated state.

Advantageously, the object according to the invention enables a weight saving of up to 80% compared to coil-based actuators to be achieved. In addition, the size of switchable bearings can be reduced, which can reduce manufacturing costs. Another advantage of the switchable bearing according to the invention is the significantly lower power requirement compared to coil-based actuators. In addition, the bearing according to the invention generates significantly less switching noise, since the movement speeds or switching speeds of actuator elements formed from shape memory alloys are lower than of coil-based actuator elements. The switching speeds can be in a range of around 500 ms.

Shape memory alloys or shape memory metals are materials that can be present in different microscopic lattice structures. Depending on the temperature, these materials can undergo a macroscopic change in shape by adopting a different lattice structure. These different lattice structures are known as austenite and martensite. When a temperature determined by the alloy composition is exceeded, the grid flips over from the martensite phase to the austenite phase. As soon as this temperature plus a hysteresis distance is fallen below again, the grid folds back into the martensite phase. A shape memory element can be deformed in the martensite phase by an additional external force. The temperature-dependent deformation just described is used as an actuator in the claimed invention.

In the context of the present application, all directions such as “up”, “down”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “longitudinal”, “transversal” etc. relate to a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system, the z-axis of this coordinate system being the vertical direction indicates. The bearing described below can be oriented in the installed state in such a way that an extension direction of the pressure compensation opening runs along the z-axis and the decoupling membrane in the undeformed state extends essentially horizontally in the xy plane and the decoupling membrane extends the first fluid chamber from the decoupling chamber in vertical direction separates. Unless otherwise stated, in the present application the hydraulic mount is described in relation to the installed state.

In the context of the present application, the term “activated state” is understood to mean the state when the shape memory alloy of the actuator element is heated or is in the austenite phase. The term “deactivated state” is understood to mean the state when the shape memory alloy of the actuator element has cooled down or is in the martensite phase. The actuator element can be configured such that the closure element is in the closed position when the actuator element is activated and is in the open position when the actuator element is deactivated, or that the closure element is in the closed position when the actuator element is deactivated and is in the activated position State of the actuator element is in the open position.

In the context of the present application, the term “connect” or “connected” is understood to mean any type of mechanical and / or chemical connection, if nothing is specified. Examples of mechanical bonding are in particular: gluing, riveting, screwing, etc. Examples of chemical bonding are, in particular: vulcanizing, welding, etc.

The term “switchable” in relation to the actuator element is understood in particular to mean that the actuator element can be brought from the deactivated state to the activated state by increasing the temperature (for example by applying an electrical voltage) and, for example, by lowering the temperature or by lowering the temperature and applying external mechanical forces can be brought from the activated state to the deactivated state by means of a spring. In this way, the actuator element can be switched back and forth between the activated and deactivated state.

The switchable hydraulic bearing can also be referred to as a “switchable hydraulic bearing” or “switchable hydraulically damping bearing”. The first fluid chamber is partially delimited by the spring body. The spring body, which is shaped or consists in particular of elastomer material, can be conically shaped or essentially have the shape of a hollow truncated cone. The first fluid chamber can also be referred to as a “working chamber”. The second fluid chamber can be partially delimited by a deformable wall surrounding the damping fluid or the hydraulic fluid or by a bellows. The second fluid chamber can also be referred to as a “compensation chamber”. A partition wall can be arranged between the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber, wherein the fluid channel can be formed at least partially in the partition wall. The pressure equalization opening can also be formed at least partially in the partition. Furthermore, the decoupling chamber can be at least partially formed in the partition. The fluid channel can also be referred to as a damping channel.

Both the first and the second fluid chamber can be filled with a damping fluid or a hydraulic fluid. The damping fluid or the hydraulic fluid can pass from the first fluid chamber into the second fluid chamber or pass from the second fluid chamber into the first fluid chamber through the at least one fluid channel. The decoupling chamber can be filled with a fluid which has a lower density than the damping fluid. The fluid in the decoupling chamber can be a compressible or incompressible liquid. The decoupling chamber is preferably filled with air.

The pressure compensation opening arranged on the decoupling chamber hydrodynamically connects the interior or the inner volume of the decoupling chamber with a compensation volume in the non-closed state, that is to say in particular in the open position of the closure element. The compensation volume can be the exterior of the warehouse (hereinafter referred to as “atmosphere”). The pressure equalization opening can have a diameter in the single-digit millimeter range. The fluid contained in the decoupling chamber can leave the decoupling chamber through the pressure compensation opening when the pressure in the decoupling chamber increases.

The switchable valve can comprise a valve housing which can have one or more outlet openings.

The compensation volume can also comprise or be the inside or inside volume of the valve housing of the switchable valve, so that the pressure compensation opening hydrodynamically connects the inside volume of the decoupling chamber and the inside volume of the valve housing. The pressure equalization opening can therefore also partially extend from the decoupling chamber into the valve housing, in particular through a wall of the valve housing. The pressure compensation opening can comprise a decoupling opening which can be arranged on the decoupling chamber and in the partition wall, and a compensation channel which can comprise part of the valve housing and can extend into the interior of the valve housing.

The decoupling membrane, which is arranged between the decoupling chamber and the first fluid chamber, is in particular non-permeable, fluid-impermeable or fluid-tight, so that no exchange of fluid or liquid can take place between the first fluid chamber and the decoupling chamber. Furthermore, the decoupling membrane is in particular elastic. The decoupling membrane can for example be formed from an elastomer material.

If pressure is exerted on the spring body, which partially delimits the first fluid chamber, this pressure also acts partially on the decoupling chamber via the decoupling membrane, which is deformed in the direction of the decoupling chamber or into the decoupling chamber due to the increased pressure in the first fluid chamber . In the event of an overpressure compared to the equalization volume, the fluid in the decoupling chamber flows through the pressure equalization opening into the equalization volume, for example into the atmosphere or into the valve housing, so that pressure equalization occurs and the pressure acting in the two fluid chambers and the decoupling chamber can be reduced without there being any significant fluid exchange between the first and the second fluid chamber via the fluid channel. The spring body partially delimits the first fluid chamber, so that the first fluid chamber is not completely surrounded by or embedded in the spring body. Areas of the first fluid chamber can protrude vertically and / or horizontally from the spring body. The hydraulic bearing can comprise a connecting element, which is formed from a substantially rigid material such as metal or plastic and which essentially delimits the first fluid chamber at the top, for connecting the switchable bearing to a motor, the spring body vulcanized, glued or otherwise at its upper end to the connecting element can be mechanically and / or chemically linked. The connecting element can have a mounting pin which extends essentially in the vertical direction protrudes upwards and on which a motor can be attached or mounted.

Furthermore, the bearing can comprise a housing body which can be formed from a substantially rigid material such as metal or plastic and which furthermore partially delimits the first fluid chamber laterally in the vertical direction. The spring body can be connected to the housing body in that the lower end of the spring body is vulcanized, glued or otherwise mechanically and / or chemically connected to the housing body. The first fluid chamber can accordingly be delimited from top to bottom by the connecting element, the spring body, the housing body, the partition and the decoupling membrane. The housing body can be a hollow body extending essentially in the vertical direction.

On the housing body and / or on the switchable valve, assembly structures such as bores, bolts and / or pegs can be arranged, by means of which the switchable bearing can be fastened to a frame of a vehicle, for example by rivets or screws.

The switchable valve is used to open or close the pressure compensation opening. As a result, the decoupling effect of the decoupling membrane and thus the dynamic properties, in particular the dynamic rigidity, of the bearing can be changed. In the closed state of the valve, i.e. in the closed position of the closure element, the fluid in the decoupling chamber can no longer escape from the decoupling chamber when pressure is applied, as a result of which pressure is built up in the decoupling chamber, which acts back on the first fluid chamber via the decoupling membrane and thus an increase in the dynamic stiffness of the bearing. In the closed state of the valve, the decoupling membrane is essentially not deformed or only to a limited extent when the spring body is compressed and rebounded, so that, depending on the excitation frequency or amplitude, a considerable fluid exchange takes place between the first and second fluid chambers via the fluid channel can.

The switchable valve comprises a closure element and an actuator element. The closure element can, for example, be a plug or stopper formed from a plastic or an elastomer, which is arranged in the closed state of the valve, i.e. in the closed position, in such a way that it closes the pressure compensation opening fluid-tight, or in the open state of the valve, i.e. in the Open position, is arranged so that a pressure equalization between the decoupling chamber and the equalization volume, such as the atmosphere or the internal volume of the valve housing, can take place. The actuator element is configured in such a way that when the actuator element is deformed as a result of the change between the activated state and the deactivated state, the closure element opens or closes the pressure compensation opening, that is to say is shifted into the open position or the closed position. For example, the actuator element and the closure element can be glued to one another or vulcanized to one another. The actuator element can be connected on the one hand to the closure element and on the other hand to a section of the valve, such as a valve housing. The actuator element can also be connected indirectly to the closure element, that is to say via an intermediate element, as described below via the restoring element.

The actuator element is at least partially formed from a shape memory alloy, so it can also consist entirely of a shape memory alloy. The actuator element can then be shaped, for example, as an essentially straight wire, wherein the wire can be arranged essentially in the direction of extent of the pressure compensation opening or at a certain angle to the direction of extent of the pressure compensation opening. This wire can be a tension loaded wire or a pull wire. Such a wire has a shorter length in the activated state, i.e. in the austenite phase, than in the deactivated state, i.e. in the martensite phase.

By applying an electrical voltage to the wire or by energizing the wire with electrical current and the associated increase in temperature of the wire (Joule effect), the actuator element can be activated and deformation of the wire can be induced. The deformations between the activated state and the deactivated state can amount to between about 2% and about 6%, for example about 4%, of the length of the wire. Furthermore, the actuator element can have a pair of the wires just described, wherein these wires can be connected to the closure element in such a way that they form an angle to one another and an increase in the travel range is achieved through this angle. As the angle increases, the increase in the travel range is increased. The angle of the wires to each other can, for. B. in the range of 150 ° to 170 ° in order to achieve a high increase in travel. The actuator element can, however, also have a multi-strand design, d. H. it can have several such wires. However, the shape of the actuator element is not limited to a straight wire shape and can, for example, also be helical or wave-shaped.

The actuator element can be arranged at least partially in a flow path of a fluid which flows through the pressure compensation opening in the open position.

Advantageously, the actuator element can thus be cooled quickly when the actuator element or the shape memory alloy is to be switched from the activated state to the deactivated state, whereby the lattice structure of the shape memory alloy used can be folded back more quickly from the activated state to the deactivated state, i.e. from the austenite phase to the martensite phase, and thus faster switching is made possible. The actuator element is preferably arranged in such a way that, in the open position of the closure element or with the valve open, fluid flowing out of or into the decoupling chamber or into it can be used to cool the actuator element. The fluid flow is based on a pressure equalization between the decoupling chamber and the equalization volume, for example the external atmosphere. The switchable valve can have a valve housing in which the closure element and the actuator element are at least partially arranged or accommodated. The interior of the valve housing can on the one hand be connected to the interior of the decoupling chamber via the pressure compensation opening and on the other hand be connected to the compensation volume, for example the external atmosphere, via at least one outlet opening. The actuator element can be arranged at least partially in the flow path of the fluid between the pressure compensation opening and the outlet opening, in particular such that the actuator element extends essentially along the flow path of the fluid between the pressure compensation opening and the outlet opening.

As an alternative or in addition, one or more Peltier elements can also be provided on the actuator element for cooling the actuator element. For example, the actuator element can be a flat membrane made of a shape memory alloy to which a flat Peltier element is applied.

The closure element can be in the open position when the actuator element is in the activated state, and the closure element can be in the closed position when the actuator element is in the deactivated state.

Depending on the configuration of the actuator element, the reverse case may also be possible: the closure element can be in the open position when the actuator element is in the deactivated state, and the closure element can be in the closed position when the actuator element is in the activated state

The switchable valve can have a resetting element, by means of which the actuator element can be returned from the activated state to the deactivated state.

The resetting element advantageously enables the actuator element to be switched from the activated state to the deactivated state. The so-called extrinsic two-way effect is used here. With the extrinsic two-way effect, a restoring element ensures that the shape memory alloy is deformed even when it is cold.

The restoring element can be a spring, in particular a tension or compression spring. The restoring element can be formed from metal or from a plastic, for example from an elastomer. The restoring element itself can also be formed from a shape memory alloy. The restoring element can extend, for example, parallel to the actuator element. The restoring element can also be designed as a stadium spring or O-spring, which surrounds the horizontally arranged actuator element, so that when the actuator element is activated, the stadium spring is pulled together in the horizontal direction, whereby the vertical extension of the stadium spring increases and the closure element attached to it closes the pressure compensation opening , and in the deactivated state of the actuator element the stadium spring pulls the actuator element apart again horizontally, as a result of which the vertical extension of the stadium spring decreases and the closure element attached to it opens the pressure compensation opening.

The restoring element can be electrically connected to the actuator element and can represent an electrical conductor for operating the actuator element.

Advantageously, a relative movement of the electrical contacts or supply lines for energizing and thus activating the actuator element can thereby be avoided or reduced. In order to operate the actuator element electrically, the actuator element must have electrical contacts. However, since the actuator element is deformed due to the shape memory alloy used when the actuator element is heated by applying an electrical voltage and the resulting flow of current, there is a relative movement of the electrical leads or electrical contacts to one another, whereby the electrical leads or electrical contacts of a special one are exposed to mechanical stress. This relative movement and therefore Touching mechanical stress can be avoided by means of a restoring element, which is electrically connected to the actuator element and represents an electrical conductor for electrically operating the actuator element, because the restoring element is deformed together with the actuator element.

The actuator element can be connected to a material which has a thermal conductivity that is approximately the same as or higher than that of the actuator element.

The cooling of the actuator element can thereby advantageously be accelerated because the heat of the actuator element can be dissipated via this material when no current is flowing through the actuator element.

As a material with a higher thermal conductivity, a thermally conductive plastic compound (with organic, metallic and / or ceramic fillers such as graphite, carbon fiber, ceramic, copper, nanotubes, etc.) and / or aluminum and / or copper and / or steel and / or brass can be used. The material can be arranged on the actuator element. In the event that the actuator element is shaped as a wire, as described above, the material can be arranged on the wire, in particular on the wire clamp.

The valve housing can for example be formed from a plastic such as polyamide, whereas the return element can be formed from a spring steel.

The switchable hydraulic mount can furthermore have a control or regulating unit that uses the actuator element as a sensor to detect the switching state of the valve and / or to control or regulate a temperature of the actuator element.

The current deformation of the actuator element and thus the current position of the closure element can advantageously be determined on the basis of the electrical resistance of the shape memory alloy used. This can be used to record the current switching status of the bearing and to generally check the function of the actuator element.

The shape memory alloy of the actuator element can switch to the activated state at a temperature of over approximately 70 ° Celsius, preferably above approximately 100 ° Celsius.

By providing such a shape memory alloy, a spontaneous, unintentional switching of the bearing can advantageously be prevented if the ambient temperature of the bearing is high due to the purpose and / or the location of the bearing, for example for storing an engine in the engine compartment of a vehicle.

The shape memory alloy of the actuator element can be a nickel-titanium or a nickel-titanium-copper alloy. The alloy can also contain other components such as hafnium, palladium and / or zirconium.

The activation or switchover temperature is advantageously in the range from about 60 ° C to about 140 ° C, even more advantageously in the range from about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C, even more advantageously in the range from about 90 ° C to about 100 ° C .

Furthermore, when shifting from the open position into the closed position, the closure element can be displaced from a side of the pressure compensation opening facing the decoupling chamber in the direction of the pressure compensation opening or in the direction of a sealing section of the pressure compensation opening. I.e. the closure element can be arranged in the decoupling chamber in the vertical direction above the pressure compensation opening or the sealing section of the pressure compensation opening and can be displaced along the direction of extent of the pressure compensation opening so that the closure element enters the pressure compensation opening in the activated state of the actuator element or in the deactivated state of the actuator element from the decoupling chamber in a direction from the decoupling chamber towards the pressure compensation opening or the sealing section of the pressure compensation opening. “Sealing section” means the section of the pressure compensation opening against which the closure element rests in the closed position in order to close the pressure compensation opening. The closure element can in this case also be arranged at least partially within the pressure equalization opening and can thus be moved towards a side of the pressure equalization opening facing the equalization volume during the shift into the closed position.

The size of the actuator element can advantageously be further reduced in this way, since the pressure acting in the decoupling chamber acts in the closing direction of the closure element.

A second aspect of the present invention is a switchable hydraulic mount, in particular for mounting motor vehicle engines, comprising: a first fluid chamber that is partially delimited by a spring body, a second fluid chamber that is fluidically connected to the first fluid chamber via at least one fluid channel, so that upon compression and rebound of the spring body, a damping fluid between the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber, a decoupling chamber which has a pressure compensation opening, a decoupling membrane which is arranged between the first fluid chamber and the decoupling chamber and separates them fluidically from each other, a switchable valve which can optionally open or close the pressure compensation opening to achieve a decoupling effect To change decoupling membrane, wherein the switchable valve has a closure element which can be displaced between a closed position in which the closure element closes the pressure compensation opening and an open position in which the closure element opens the pressure compensation opening, the closure element being displaced from the open position in the closed position is shifted from a side of the pressure compensation opening facing the decoupling chamber in the direction of the pressure compensation opening.

All of the explanations made in relation to the first aspect also apply accordingly to the second aspect. Furthermore, all of the features of the first aspect mentioned as examples and / or optional can be combined with the subject matter of the second aspect.

The closure element can furthermore be connected to an actuator element, wherein the actuator element can be formed from a shape memory alloy.

In the following, the figures are described, which are intended to serve to exemplify some embodiments of the subject matter of the invention. It goes without saying that the subject matter according to the invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. Individual features can be combined to form further embodiments.

• 1 einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts;
• 2a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 2b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts aus 2a in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 3a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 3b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts aus 3a in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 4a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 4b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts aus 4a in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 5a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 5b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts aus 5a in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 6a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 6b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts aus 6a in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 7a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 7b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts aus 7a in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 8a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 8b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts aus 8a in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 9a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 9b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts aus 9a in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 10a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 10b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts aus 10a in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 11a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 11b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts aus 11a in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 12a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 12b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten oder zweiten Aspekts aus 12a in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements;
• 13a einen Schnitt einer Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts in der Schließstellung des Verschlusselements; und
• 13b einen Schnitt der Ausführungsform des schaltbaren Ventils des Hydrolagers gemäß des ersten Aspekts aus 13a in der Offenstellung des Verschlusselements.

It shows:

• 1 a section of an embodiment of the switchable hydraulic mount according to the first aspect;
• 2a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to of the first aspect in the closed position of the closure element;
• 2 B a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect 2a in the open position of the closure element;
• 3a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect in the open position of the closure element;
• 3b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect 3a in the closed position of the closure element;
• 4a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect in the closed position of the closure element;
• 4b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect 4a in the open position of the closure element;
• 5a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect in the open position of the closure element;
• 5b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect 5a in the closed position of the closure element;
• 6a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect in the open position of the closure element;
• 6b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect 6a in the closed position of the closure element;
• 7a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect in the closed position of the closure element;
• 7b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect 7a in the open position of the closure element;
• 8a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect in the closed position of the closure element;
• 8b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect 8a in the open position of the closure element;
• 9a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect in the closed position of the closure element;
• 9b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect 9a in the open position of the closure element;
• 10a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect in the closed position of the closure element;
• 10b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect 10a in the open position of the closure element;
• 11a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect in the open position of the closure element;
• 11b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect 11a in the closed position of the closure element;
• 12a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect in the open position of the closure element;
• 12b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first or second aspect 12a in the closed position of the closure element;
• 13a a section of an embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect in the closed position of the closure element; and
• 13b a section of the embodiment of the switchable valve of the hydraulic bearing according to the first aspect 13a in the open position of the closure element.

1 shows a section along a main plane of symmetry of an embodiment of the hydraulic bearing 1 according to the first aspect. The hydromount shown 1 has a suspension spring as the spring body from top to bottom 8th , a case body 9 , a partition 11 and the switchable valve 6 on.

The spring body 8th or the suspension spring is designed approximately like a hollow cone, the jacket of the hollow cone of the suspension spring being formed from an elastomer material. The upper part of the suspension spring has a metallic block from which a metallic connecting element 7th protrudes cylindrically towards the top. The connecting element 7th serves, for example, a motor vehicle engine on the hydraulic mount 1 to assemble. The upper area of the shell of the suspension spring is vulcanized onto the metal block. The lower area of the shell of the suspension spring is attached to the hydraulic mount 1 all around laterally limiting housing body 9 vulcanized.

The case body 9 is also formed from a metallic material. The case body 9 is formed into a clip in the lower area below the jacket of the suspension spring, so that the housing body 9 the partition 11 clasped. Due to the bracket shape of the housing body 9 creates a groove or rail in the housing body 9 which runs into or out of the plane of the drawing and from left to right or right to left (not shown here) and into which the partition 11 is embedded or pressed into it. The partition 11 is made of plastic in the embodiment shown.

The first fluid chamber 2 of the hydromount 1 is from above and from the side through the spring body 8th or the suspension spring, still laterally through the housing body 9 and from below horizontally in areas through the partition 11 and in some areas horizontally through the decoupling membrane 3 enclosed. The resulting cavity of the first fluid chamber 2 is filled with a damping fluid, which by pressure on the spring body 8th through one of the two fluid channels shown 10 partially within the partition 11 extend into and out of the plane of the drawing from the first fluid chamber 2 into the second fluid chamber 5 flows.

The second fluid chamber 5 consists of a non-permeable, deformable, membrane-like wall, a compensating membrane 13 , and is below the partition 11 arranged. The damping fluid can be from the first fluid chamber 2 via both the left and / or the right fluid channel 10 into the second fluid chamber 5 flow.

The decoupling membrane 3 which is formed from an elastomer material in the embodiment shown, extends in the case of equilibrium of the hydraulic bearing 1 in the horizontal direction and separates the first fluid chamber from the decoupling chamber 4th . The decoupling chamber 4th is from below through the partition 11 limited. In the partition 11 is partly the pressure equalization opening 12 arranged over which the interior of the decoupling chamber 4th with the interior of the switchable valve 6 is hydrodynamically connected. I.e. one in the decoupling chamber 4th located medium can, if the decoupling membrane 3 deformed and the pressure in the interior of the decoupling chamber 4th increased, via the pressure compensation opening 12 from the decoupling chamber 4th into the interior of the switchable valve 6 reach. The medium in the decoupling chamber 4th is air in the embodiment shown.

The hydromount 1 also has a left and a right area of the switchable valve 6 one mounting hole each 14a and 14b on. Through the mounting holes 14a and 14b can the hydromount 1 for example, be attached to the frame of a motor vehicle by means of screws. However, it is also conceivable that the hydraulic mount 1 is used in another mounting housing, wherein the mounting housing is attached, for example, to the frame of a motor vehicle.

In the following described 2a to 13b are different embodiments of the switchable valve 6 of the hydromount 1 according to the first aspect and the second aspect. In all the embodiments shown, the actuator element is 21st formed from a shape memory alloy. The figures each show the circuit of the switchable valve 6 from the closed position of the closure element 24 into the open position of the closure element 24 and vice versa by activating the actuator element 21st .

2a shows a section of the switchable valve 6 along the main plane of symmetry of the hydromount 1 (indicated by the vertical dashed line). As shown is the switchable valve 6 below the partition 11 arranged. The switchable valve 6 has a valve housing 20th on. The valve body 20th is approximately hollow cone-shaped in the embodiment shown. The valve body 20th points in the upper area below the partition 11 an equalization channel 31 on, which is in the extension direction of the pressure compensation opening 12 extends. The partition 11 has a decoupling opening 31a on, which is also in the direction of extent of the pressure compensation opening 12 extends. The decoupling opening 31a and the compensation channel 31 together form the pressure compensation opening 12 and connect the interior of the decoupling chamber from top to bottom 4th with the interior of the switchable valve 6 hydrodynamic or fluidic. Furthermore, the valve housing 20th two outlet openings in the lower area 22a and 22b due to the pressure increase in the interior of the switchable valve 6 the air from the switchable valve 6 can escape.

The valve body shown 20th consists of a plastic such as polyamide.

The inside of the valve body 20th shows a circuit board in the lower horizontal area 32 on. On the board 32 are the actuator element 21st and the reset element 23 attached for example by soldering or crimping.

The actuator element 21st comprises two wires formed from a shape memory alloy, extending substantially from the circuit board 32 along the inside of the valve body 20th in the direction of the compensation channel 31 extend. The one on the board 32 Attached ends of the wires are by means of electrical connections 29a and 29b connected to an external voltage source. The upper ends of the wires of the actuator element 21st are with the locking element 24 for example connected by vulcanization. The closure element 24 is molded from an elastomeric material.

The closure element 24 can be designed as a plug, stopper or plate. However, it can also, as shown, as a square bracket pointing downwards in cross section, which the upper end of the restoring element 23 receives or brackets, be formed. In 2a is the locking element 24 shown in the closed position. It closes the pressure compensation opening 12 showing the decoupling opening 31a and the compensation channel 31 comprises by pressing it from the bottom up against the valve housing.

The reset element 23 is designed as a helical compression spring or helical spring, the lower end of which with the board 32 for example, can be soldered or glued. The reset element 23 can therefore be formed from metal or a plastic.

2 B shows the state of the switchable valve 6 after activation of the actuator element 21st by applying an external voltage via the electrical connections 29a and 29b . By activating the actuator element 21st the wires pull together, which increases the transmission angle 25a the wires changes and the wires have a new transmission angle 25b take in. By pulling the wires together, the locking element becomes 24 pulled down (arrow 28 ) and shifted from the closed position to the open position, whereby an exchange of air between the decoupling chamber 4th , the interior of the switchable valve 6 and the external atmosphere of the hydromount 1 is possible. The contraction of the wires also becomes the spring of the return element 23 compressed and stretched. After the actuator element has been deactivated and cooled down 21st presses the reset element 23 the closure element 24 back to the closed position and the wires of the actuator element 21st are pulled apart again, ie deformed back.

In 3a is an alternative to in the 2a and 2 B embodiment shown of the switchable valve 6 shown. Here is the pressure equalization opening 12 widened in the horizontal direction and the closure element 24 is in the compensation channel 31 the pressure equalization opening 12 arranged. The closure element 24 is designed as a plano-convex plate. The compensation channel 31 tapers conically in the direction of extent downwards, whereby the valve housing 20th at the lower end of the compensation channel 31 one in the equalization channel 31 protruding lip forms. 3a shows the closure element 24 in the open position.

3b however, shows the closure element 24 in the closed position after activation of the actuator element 21st . The closure element 24 is pulled down and against the lip of the valve body 20th in the lower area of the compensation channel 31 depressed, causing no air flow 27 between the decoupling chamber 4th and the interior of the switchable valve 6 is possible.

4a shows a further embodiment of the switchable valve 6 out 2a and 2 B . In 4a is the actuator element 21st designed as a horizontal wire or bar oriented in the plane of the drawing. The reset element 23 is also oriented in the plane of the drawing. It is as an elliptical path translation mechanism 34 , for example an elliptical elastomer spring formed. The way translation mechanism 34 surrounds or spans the actuator element 21st , the left and right ends of the actuator element 21st with the translation mechanism 34 are connected. The closure element 24 is designed as an elastomer block with a circumferential sealing lip which protrudes from the elastomer block in the vertical direction upwards and in the closed position of the closure element 24 against the valve body 20th be pressed. The closure element 24 is with the way translation mechanism 34 connected.

The two ends of the actuator element 21st are each with electrical connections 29a and 29b electrically connected. The electrical connections 29a and 29b are also with the board 32 electrical connected. To get current through the actuator element 21st Flowing is the board 32 via an electrical connection 29c connected to an external voltage source.

When activating the actuator element 21st the translation mechanism deforms 34 in such a way that the horizontal extent of the ellipse is shortened, the vertical extent increasing and the closure element 24 against the valve body 20th is pressed and no air flow out of or into the decoupling chamber 4th is possible. The switchable valve 6 is then closed.

4b however, shows the switchable valve 6 in the open state, in which the actuator element 21st is in the deactivated state and the horizontal extent of the ellipse of the path transmission mechanism 34 is greater than in the activated state of the actuator element 21st (see. 4a) .

The 5a and 5b show the switchable valve 6 out 4a and 4b , wherein the closure element 24 like in the 3a and 3b in the compensation channel 31 the pressure equalization opening 12 is arranged. The closure element 24 is designed as a stopper or champagne cork. By the arrangement of the closure element 24 in the 5a and 5b becomes the switchable valve 6 by activating the actuator element 21st , instead of as in 4a , open. In the deactivated state of the actuator element 21st , as in 5b shown is the switchable valve 6 however closed.

The 6a , 6b , 7a and 7b show further embodiments of the in the corresponding 4a , 4b , 5a and 5b shown path translation mechanism ' 34 . The way translation mechanism 34 the 6a to 7b comprises a plurality of lever-like connected beams, e.g. B. made of plastic, which in a deformation of the actuator element 21st , in the case shown, a contraction, the closure element 24 lift in the vertical direction.

The 8a and 8b show a further embodiment of the switchable valve 6 the 2a and 2 B . The actuator element 21st is designed as a spiral tension spring, the upper and lower ends of which each have an electrical connection 29a and 29b are electrically connected. This allows the mechanical stress on the electrical connections when the actuator element is deformed 21st to reduce.

The valve body 20th is channel-shaped and extends from the partition 11 downward. The valve body 20th thus forms the compensation channel 31 . Due to the shape of the channel, the switchable valve can be opened 6 (please refer 8b) the air flow 27 the actuator element 21st flow around, whereby an improved cooling of the actuator element 21st is achieved.

The reset element 23 is designed as a spiral compression spring, which the valve housing 20th and thus the actuator element 21st encloses or wraps. The upper end of the return element 23 has an electrical connection 29c up and is with the partition 11 connected. The lower end of both the reset element 23 as well as the actuator element 21st is with the closure element 24 connected.

The closure element 24 is plate-shaped and so with the actuator element 21st and the reset element 23 connected that by activating the actuator element 21st and induced deformation of the spring of the actuator element 21st the closure element 24 up towards the valve body 20th is pulled and the channel-like valve housing 20th locks. The valve body 20th additionally has vertical stops around its lower exit.

The pressure equalization opening in the 8a and 8b includes the decoupling opening 31a and by the channel shape of the valve housing 20th formed compensation channel 31 .

In the 9a and 9b becomes a further embodiment of the valve housing 20th of the switchable valve 6 from the 8a and 8b shown. In addition to that in the 8a and 8b shown channel-like housing wall of the valve housing 20th can the valve body 20th have an additional housing wall with vertical stops, which also the resetting element 23 surrounds like a channel.

The 10a , 10b , 11a and 11b show a further embodiment of the valve housing 20th of the switchable valve 6 like in the 2a to 3b shown. The valve body 20th is designed as an elongated vertical channel, in addition to the lower outlet opening 22nd two more side outlets 22nd having. The valve body shown 20th has the advantage that the actuator element 21st when the switchable valve is open 6 through the flow of air 27 can be cooled even better.

The 12a and 12b show a further embodiment of the switchable valve 6 out 3a and 3b . This in 12a and valve housing shown in FIG. 12b 20th is like in 3a or. 3b , prismatic or shaped like a truncated hollow cone. Compared to the one in the 3a and 3b switchable valve shown 6 is the switchable valve 6 in 12a and 12b rotated by 180 °. The compensation channel 31 extends vertically downwards into the valve housing in a funnel shape 20th inside. Between the upper part of the compensation channel 31 that is attached to the decoupling opening 31a and the part that forms the funnel neck of the equalization channel 31 forms, forms the valve housing 20th a lip that the closure element 24 that in the compensation channel 31 the pressure equalization opening is arranged, prevents it from entering the lower part of the equalization channel 31 , namely the funnel neck, and thus penetrate into the interior of the valve housing.

Due to the funnel shape of the compensation channel 31 arises inside the valve housing 20th a V-shaped channel structure in the section shown, in which the two shape memory wires of the actuator element are located 21st extend. When the valve is open, this channel structure enables better cooling of the actuator element 21st .

The reset element 23 is not with the inner wall of the valve body 20th connected. It is at its lower end with the actuator element 21st and with its upper end to the valve housing 20th connected. An activation and thus a contraction of the actuator element designed as a pull wire 21st accordingly causes a vertical movement of the closure element 24 in the direction of the compensation channel 31 . The actuator element cools down 21st and is thus deactivated, the reset element causes 23 a vertical displacement of the closure element 24 down, away from the compensation channel 31 .

The plug-like closure element 24 is in the upper part above the lip of the compensation channel 31 arranged so that upon activation of the actuator element 21st (please refer 12a) the closure element 24 within the equalization channel 31 in the direction of the pressure compensation opening 12 is moved. At the same time, the reset element 23 , which is in the deactivated state (see 12b) partially into the funnel neck of the equalization channel 31 extends into it and with its lower end the inside of the valve housing 20th flatly touched in the vertical direction or its lower end plane-parallel to the inside of the valve housing 20th is arranged, with its upper end against the lip in the compensation channel 31 pressed, whereby the spring of the return element 23 is excited.

Advantageous at the in 12a and 12b shown arrangement of the closure element 24 and the reset element 23 is that the air flow 27 from the decoupling chamber 4th out or into the decoupling chamber 4th can be used inside to the closure element 24 to move into the closed position or into the open position and the switchable valve 6 to close or open. Thus, the actuator element 21st and the switchable valve 6 make it more compact.

The 13a and 13b show a further embodiment of the switchable valve 6 based on the in 10a and 10b embodiment shown. The valve body 20th is in the form of a duct or exhaust that extends in a horizontal direction parallel to the partition 11 extends shaped. By activating the actuator element 21st the locking element slides 24 along the inside of the valve body 20th to the right and opens the valve. The closure element 24 can conform to the surface of the inside of the valve housing 20th be shaped.

Even those in the 13a and 13b Shown embodiment of the switchable valve 6 enables more effective cooling of the actuator element 21st and faster switching of the hydraulic bearing 1 .

List of reference symbols

1

Hydromount

2

first fluid chamber

3

Decoupling membrane

4th

Decoupling chamber

5

second fluid chamber

6th

switchable valve

7th

Connecting element

8th

Spring body

9

Housing body

10

Fluid channel

11

partition wall

12

Pressure compensation opening

13

Compensation membrane

14a, 14b

Mounting holes

20th

Valve body

21st

Actuator element

22, 22a, 22b

Outlet opening

23

Reset element

24

Closure element

25a, 25b

Translation angle

27

Air flow

28

Direction of movement of the closure element

29, 29a, 29b, 29c

electrical connections

31

Compensation channel

31a

Decoupling opening

32

circuit board

34

Path translation mechanism

Claims (10)

Switchable hydraulic mount (1), in particular for mounting motor vehicle engines, having: a first fluid chamber (2) which is partially delimited by a spring body (8), a second fluid chamber (5) which is fluidically connected to the first fluid chamber (2) via at least one fluid channel (10), so that when the spring body (8) springs in and out, a damping fluid between the first fluid chamber (2) and the second fluid chamber (5) can flow, a decoupling chamber (4) which has a pressure compensation opening (12), a decoupling membrane (3) which is arranged between the first fluid chamber (2) and the decoupling chamber (4) and separates them fluidically from one another, a switchable valve (6) which can optionally open or close the pressure equalization opening (12) in order to change the decoupling effect of the decoupling membrane (3), wherein the switchable valve (6) has a closure element (24) and an actuator element (21), wherein the closure element (24) can be displaced by means of the actuator element (21) between a closed position in which the closure element (24) closes the pressure compensation opening (12) and an open position in which the closure element (24) opens the pressure compensation opening (12) , and wherein the actuator element (21) is at least partially formed from a shape memory alloy and can be switched between an activated state and a deactivated state. Hydro mount (1) after Claim 1 , wherein the actuator element (21) is at least partially arranged in a flow path (27) of a fluid which flows through the pressure compensation opening (12) in the open position. Hydro mount (1) after Claim 1 or 2 wherein the closure element (24) is in the open position when the actuator element (21) is in the activated state, and wherein the closure element (24) is in the closed position when the actuator element (21) is in the deactivated state. Hydraulic mount (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the switchable valve (6) has a restoring element (23) by means of which the actuator element (23) can be returned from the activated state to the deactivated state. Hydro mount (1) after Claim 4 , wherein the restoring element (23) is electrically connected to the actuator element (21) and represents an electrical conductor for operating the actuator element (21). Hydraulic mount (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator element (21) is connected to a material which has a thermal conductivity that is approximately the same as or higher than that of the actuator element (21). Hydraulic mount (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a control or regulating unit, the actuator element (21) as a sensor uses to detect the switching state of the valve (6) and / or to control or regulate a temperature of the actuator element (21). Hydraulic mount (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shape memory alloy of the actuator element (21) switches to the activated state at a temperature of over approximately 70 ° Celsius, preferably above approximately 100 ° Celsius. Hydromount (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shape memory alloy of the actuator element (21) is a nickel-titanium alloy or a nickel-titanium-copper alloy, the alloy optionally comprising further components such as palladium, zirconium and / or hafnium. Switchable hydraulic mount (1), in particular for mounting motor vehicle engines, having: a first fluid chamber (2) which is partially delimited by a spring body (8), a second fluid chamber (5) which is fluidically connected to the first fluid chamber (2) via at least one fluid channel (10), so that when the spring body (8) springs in and out, a damping fluid between the first fluid chamber (2) and the second fluid chamber (5) can flow, a decoupling chamber (4) which has a pressure compensation opening (12), a decoupling membrane (3) which is arranged between the first fluid chamber (2) and the decoupling chamber (4) and separates them fluidically from one another, a switchable valve (6) which can optionally open or close the pressure equalization opening (12) in order to change the decoupling effect of the decoupling membrane (3), wherein the switchable valve (6) has a closure element (24) which is between a closed position in which the closure element (24) closes the pressure compensation opening (12) and an open position in which the closure element (24) opens the pressure compensation opening (12) is relocatable the closure element (24) being displaced from the open position into the closed position from a side of the pressure compensation opening (12) facing the decoupling chamber (4) in the direction of the pressure compensation opening (12).

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