DE102018221545A1 - Projection device - Google Patents

Abstract

A projection device (22) is proposed, in particular for an instrument panel (26) for a vehicle (20), comprising a projector (30) and a display surface (24), the projector (30) and the display surface (24) being of the kind are arranged such that light beams (32) emitted by the projector (30) are directed onto the display surface (24) for a real image display (36). The display surface (24) has at least one holographic element (34). Furthermore, the display area (24) has a first area (40) and a second area (42), the first area (40) having a first transparency and the second area (42) having a second transparency, the first area ( 40) has a lower transparency than the second region (42). The display area (24) is arranged in such a way that the first area (40) is arranged between a viewer (28) of the display area (24) and the instrument panel (26) and the second area (42) for a viewer (28) the display surface (24) is at least partially arranged above the instrument panel (26).

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a projection device according to the preamble of the independent claim. The present invention also relates to an instrument panel and a method for operating a projection device.

From the DE 10 2014 200 377 A1 A field of view display for a vehicle is known for displaying image information in two independent images for a viewer.

Disclosure of the invention

A projection device is proposed, in particular for an instrument panel for a vehicle, comprising a projector and a display surface, the projector and the display surface being arranged in such a way that light beams emitted by the projector are directed onto the display surface for a real image display. The display area has at least one holographic element and furthermore a first area and a second area. The first area has a first transparency and the second area has a second transparency, the first area having a lower transparency than the second area. The display area is arranged in such a way that the first area is arranged between a viewer of the display area and the instrument panel and the second area is arranged at least partially above the instrument panel for a viewer of the display area.

A projection device can be arranged, for example, in an instrument cluster and / or in a dashboard, in particular a vehicle. Information can be displayed to a driver and / or a front passenger by means of a projection device. For example, information about the state of the vehicle can be displayed. For example, a vehicle mode can be displayed using a projection device. The information output can be, for example, information about the state of the vehicle, such as the speed, the speed indicator, the tank filling, and / or information about vehicle navigation and / or information about an entertainment system. A projection device can also be referred to as a display device.

The advantage of the present invention is that relevant information can be presented to a viewer safely and / or reliably. The two areas on the display surface can be adapted in particular to display certain information. The first region is preferably designed with a lower transparency than the second region, as a result of which the first region in particular has a higher resistance to stray light. In this way, in particular information can be represented reliably, wherein a disturbance, for example due to light rays from the surroundings of the vehicle, can be reduced or reduced. Furthermore, scatter effects can be reduced in particular. The second area can in particular have a higher transparency than the first area, as a result of which, for example, an environment of the projection device can be seen through the second area. As a result, information displayed in the second area in particular can be overlaid with an environment of the projection device or with an environment of the vehicle with the projection device. As a result, information can be presented to a viewer or a driver in particular in such a way that the viewer, in particular, does not have to, or only slightly, have to look away from the road. This can increase road traffic safety in particular. Thus, a production device with a projector and a display area can have two different areas, which can be optimized for differently displayed information. In particular, this saves costs in production and installation space in the instrument cluster.

In other words, a bright and / or partially transparent projection display or projection device with different surface elements can be formed on the display surface, the different surface elements or regions being optimized for different properties, for example high transparency or high resistance to stray light. In this way, in particular, a projection device can be formed with a second area with greater transparency than the first area, with the surrounding area in particular being at least partially visible to an observer in the second area. In addition, a first area can in particular have a lower transparency than the second area, as a result of which the information on the first area can in particular be displayed in a simple and / or clearly legible and / or secure manner, which ensures, for example, increased resistance to stray light in the first area. Critical information about a vehicle state or a driver assistance system can be displayed thereon, for example. The projection device with the different partial areas of the display surface can be operated in particular with a common projector or with an image generator unit, which in particular saves costs.

In an advantageous embodiment, the display area is arranged in such a way that the first area is visible to a viewer through a steering wheel of the vehicle and that the second area is visible above the steering wheel of the vehicle. As a result, the information displayed on the first area and on the second area can be perceived safely and / or simply and / or reliably by an observer. The projection device or in particular the first region of the display surface can preferably replace a conventional instrument cluster. Thus, a conventional instrument cluster, which can be embodied, for example, as a display or as an analog display unit, and a display that can be displayed in the second area, superimposed on the surroundings of the projection device, could be realized with a projection device. In particular, this saves costs and installation space.

In a further development, the light beams emitted by the projector can be guided in a beam path between the projector and the display surface, the display surface being arranged in such a way that it at least partially obscures the viewer's view of the beam path. This can in particular prevent the viewer from perceiving the components of the projection device which, for example, lie in front of the projection surface in the direction of travel, in particular on the side of the projection surface facing a bonnet and / or a side of the projection surface facing away from an observer. In addition, a safe and / or reliable display of the information on the display area or in the respective areas of the display area can be made possible. Furthermore, a viewer cannot be distracted by glare in the beam path. As a result, safety in the vehicle and thus in road traffic can be increased in particular. Furthermore, no additional device for covering the beam path is necessary, as a result of which, in particular, installation space and / or costs can be saved.

The light beams emitted by the projector can preferably strike the display surface at an angle, in particular at an angle of incidence, the angle of incidence being defined as an angle between the light beams and a surface normal of the display surface and that the angle of incidence has a value between 10 ° and 80 °, in particular between 45 ° and 70 °. This can ensure that an image and / or information is displayed safely and / or reliably on the display surface. Furthermore, space can be saved by the arrangement at a certain angle. Furthermore, an angle of incidence in a region near the Brewster angle, which is formed as an angle of approximately 56 °, can reduce disturbing surface reflections on the side of the projection surface facing an observer, in particular when using a projector which emits polarized light .

Furthermore, the holographic element can have a holographic function for deflecting and / or scattering the light beams as a function of the angle of incidence, the holographic function being designed as a function of the angle of incidence of the light beams. For both areas, the essential optical function of the hologram is that directed light is deflected by the projector on the one hand in the direction of the driver, and on the other hand is scattered in a defined angular range. Using both functions, the light rays can be emitted from the projector into a so-called eyebox. The eyebox is in particular designed as an area in which both the driver's and / or a passenger's eyes are typically located. The geometric arrangement can result in the fact that the angle deflection is also different in different partial areas of the display surface, adapted to the respective angle of incidence of the light rays from the projector and the required radiation direction to the driver's eyes, in particular to the eyebox. Furthermore, the holographic function can ensure that the optical functions for a plurality of wavelength ranges of the light emanating from the projector are fulfilled for a multi-colored display. This is preferably achieved by using a volume hologram. As a result, in particular the first area and the second area can be designed in such a way that information provided for this purpose can be displayed safely and / or reliably and perceived by a viewer. This in particular sets up the respective area specifically for different information to be displayed. In other words, this can be used to safely and / or reliably display information to a driver in the corresponding form of representation. This in particular increases driving safety.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first area of the display surface can have a layer having a certain transparency on a side facing and / or facing away from the projector. In a further development, the layer can have a defined tint and / or have a defined degree of reflection and / or have a lamella structure and / or have a polarizing filter. In this way, in particular a different transparency in contrast to the second area can be made possible, which means that critical or safety-relevant information about a vehicle condition can be displayed. Furthermore, it can be ensured that a viewer can safely and / or reliably perceive the information which is displayed in the first area, which in particular increases vehicle safety or road traffic safety. By using the above-mentioned different layers, in particular installation space and / or production costs can be reduced.

Advantageously, the display surface can in particular have a protective layer on a side facing and / or facing away from the projector, the protective layer preferably being designed as a hard coating. As a result, the display area can be protected in particular from external influences. External influences, such as objects touching the display surface or dust or particles and / or fluids, such as liquids, such as water, can act on the display surface, for example, from the surroundings of the projection device or display surface. By means of the protective layer, the display surface can in particular be made more durable. Furthermore, scratches on the display surface in particular can be reduced and / or prevented. The protective layer can in particular be made scratch-resistant.

In a further development, imaging optics with at least one optical element can be arranged between the projector and the display surface, the light rays emitted by the projector being directed onto the display surface by means of the imaging optics. This can ensure that light beams can be guided and directed safely and / or reliably from the projector to the display surface. The use of imaging optics, such as a mirror as an optical element, can in particular save costs in production and / or installation space. Mirrors in the beam path should preferably be designed as surface mirrors in order to reduce or, in particular, to avoid the occurrence of ghost images.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second region can have an electro-optical layer, the transparency of the layer and thus of the second region being variably adjustable by means of the electro-optical layer. As a result, the second area can be adapted in particular to different states. For example, in an autonomously driving vehicle with manual control of the vehicle, the area can be made transparent, as a result of which information displayed is superimposed, in particular, on the surroundings of the vehicle, which in particular enables information to be presented to a driver safely and / or reliably. In the case of automated control of the vehicle, the second area can in particular be made less transparent, as a result of which, for example, other information, for example information from a vehicle entertainment system, can be presented to a viewer. This enables a driver to devote himself in particular to other tasks such as driving a vehicle manually. When the vehicle is taken over manually from an automated mode, the display area can again have increased transparency. In this way, in particular a comfortable display for an observer or a driver in a vehicle, in particular in an autonomous vehicle, can be ensured. In a further embodiment, the first area can have an electro-optical layer, the transparency of the layer and thus of the first area being variably adjustable by means of the electro-optical layer. In a further development, the first area and the second area can be controlled together or separately.

Furthermore, the projection device can have a cover plate, the connection of the cover plate to the display area preferably being arranged between the first area and the second area on the display area, so that the dividing line is ideally covered by the steering wheel rim from the driver's point of view. By means of the cover plate, the projection device can be protected in particular from external influences, such as, for example, particles, such as dust or dirt, and / or liquids, for example water and / or moisture. In other words, in particular the penetration of foreign bodies into the beam path can be reduced or prevented. In this way, in particular, the functionality of the projection device and / or the longevity of the projection device can be improved. By arranging the cover plate between the second area and the first area, it can in particular be ensured that the second area can be arranged, for example, in such a way that an observer can see the surroundings in the direction of view behind the second area or through the second area. As a result, information with the surroundings of the projection device and thus with the surroundings of the vehicle can be superimposed. Furthermore, by means of a suitable design, in particular inclination, of the cover plate, reflections on the surfaces of the cover plate are reflected on a cover, in particular a matte black cover, and preferably not on the display surface. In this way, disruptive artifacts can advantageously be reduced or avoided.

Furthermore, an instrument panel with a projection device is proposed, the projection device being arranged on the instrument panel in such a way that the first area of the display area is arranged between a viewer of the display area and the instrument panel and the second area of the display area for a viewer of the display area above the Instrument panel is arranged.

The advantage of the proposed instrument panel is that relevant information can be presented to a viewer safely and / or reliably. The two areas on the display surface can be adapted in particular to display certain information. The first region is preferably designed with a lower transparency than the second region, as a result of which the latter in particular has a higher resistance to stray light. In this way, information can in particular be represented reliably, wherein a disturbance, for example due to light rays from an environment of the projection device, can be reduced or reduced. The second area can in particular have a higher transparency than the first area, as a result of which, for example, an environment of the projection device can be seen through the second area. As a result, information displayed in the second area in particular can be overlaid with an environment of the projection device or with an environment of the vehicle with the projection device. This can increase road traffic safety in particular. A projection device with a projector and a display surface can thus have two different areas, which can be optimized for differently represented information. In particular, this saves costs in production and installation space in the instrument cluster.

In a further development, the projection device can be arranged on the instrument panel in such a way that the second area of the display surface is arranged in front of a windshield of the vehicle. As a result, information which is displayed on the second area of the display area can be superimposed, in particular, with the surroundings of the vehicle. As a result, a driver does not have to look away from the action on the road or from the roadway, or only slightly. This can increase road traffic safety in particular. In an advantageous embodiment, the dividing line between the first and the second region can be designed in such a way that from the driver's point of view it is covered by the steering wheel rim with a typical eye position.

• Aussenden von Lichtstrahlen mittels des Projektors zum Darstellen der ersten, realen Bilddarstellung, wobei die Lichtstrahlen zum Darstellen der ersten, realen Bilddarstellung in Richtung des ersten Bereichs der Anzeigefläche geleitet werden,
• Aussenden von Lichtstrahlen mittels des Projektors zum Darstellen der zweiten, realen Bilddarstellung, wobei die Lichtstrahlen zum Darstellen der zweiten, realen Bilddarstellung in Richtung des zweiten Bereichs der Anzeigefläche geleitet werden,
• wobei die Lichtstrahlen zum Darstellen der ersten, realen Bilddarstellung und die Lichtstrahlen zum Darstellen der zweiten, realen Bilddarstellung gleichzeitig oder hintereinander ausgesendet werden.

Furthermore, a method for operating a projection device with the following steps is proposed:

• Emitting light beams by means of the projector for displaying the first, real image display, the light beams for displaying the first real image display being directed in the direction of the first area of the display surface,
• Emitting light rays by means of the projector for displaying the second, real image representation, the light rays for representing the second real image representation being directed in the direction of the second region of the display surface,
• wherein the light beams for representing the first, real image representation and the light beams for representing the second, real image representation are emitted simultaneously or in succession.

By means of the representation of different information on two different areas of a display area, in particular specified information can be represented in such a way that a viewer can perceive this information safely and / or reliably. This can improve road safety in particular. By implementing these two areas within a projection device with a projector and a display area, space and / or costs can be saved in particular.

In a further development, the transparency of the second area can be variably set by means of an electro-optical layer, with a lower transparency being set in an automated driving mode of a vehicle than in a manual driving mode of a vehicle. As a result, the second area can be adapted in particular to different states. For example, in an autonomously driving vehicle with manual control of the vehicle, the area can be made transparent, as a result of which information displayed is superimposed, in particular, on the surroundings of the vehicle, which in particular enables information to be presented to a driver safely and / or reliably. In the case of automated control of the vehicle, the second area can in particular be made less transparent, as a result of which, for example, other information, for example information from a vehicle entertainment system, can be presented to a viewer. This enables a driver to devote himself in particular to other tasks such as driving a vehicle manually. If the vehicle is taken over manually from an automated mode, the display area can be changed in particular have increased transparency again. In this way, in particular a comfortable display for an observer or a driver in a vehicle, in particular in an autonomous vehicle, can be ensured.

Figure list

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Draufsicht eines Fahrzeugs gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts eines Fahrzeugs gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 9 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 11 eine schematische Darstellung einer perspektivischen Ansicht einer Anzeigefläche und eines Lenkrads eines Fahrzeugs gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 12 eine schematische Darstellung eines Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Projektionsvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following descriptions. The same reference numerals are used for the elements shown in the various figures and acting in a similar manner, and the elements are not repeated. Show it:

• 1 is a schematic representation of a plan view of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 2nd a schematic representation of a section of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 3rd a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device;
• 4th a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 5 a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 6 a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 7 a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 8th a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 9 a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 10th a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 11 a schematic representation of a perspective view of a display surface and a steering wheel of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 12 is a schematic representation of a method for operating a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention:

1 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a vehicle 20th , for example a motor vehicle, for example a car, with a projection device 22 . The projection device 22 can be designed or designated as a display device. The projection device 22 has a display area 24th and can, for example, in an instrument panel 26 of a vehicle 20th to be ordered. By means of the display area 24th can contain information relating to the vehicle, for example vehicle status information or information about a vehicle mode, such as, for example, a speed and / or a rotational speed and / or a temperature and / or a tank filling and / or navigation instructions and / or information of a vehicle entertainment system and / or further information which can be used to operate a vehicle are displayed.

The projection device 22 is like that in the vehicle 20th arranged that a viewer 28 that by means of the projection device 22 can view the information presented. A viewer 28 can especially a driver 28 and / or a passenger of the vehicle 20th be. Alternatively or additionally, the projection device 22 somewhere else in the dashboard of the vehicle 20th be arranged.

2nd shows a schematic representation of a section of a vehicle 20th from one side with a projection device 22 . The vehicle 20th according to 2nd can according to the vehicle 20th according to 1 be executed. The projection device 22 according to 2nd can in particular according to the projection device 22 according to 1 be executed and according to 1 in the vehicle 20th be arranged.

3rd shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 . The projection device 22 assigns a projector 30th and a display area 24th on. The projector can emit light rays 32 send out. The display area 24th has at least one holographic element 34 on. In a further development, the display area 24th as a holographic element 34 be trained. The holographic element 34 can have a holographic function for deflecting and / or scattering the light beams 32 depending on the angle of incidence 44 , the holographic function depending on the angle of incidence 44 the rays of light 32 is trained. The holographic element 34 can for example be designed as a scattered surface.

The projector 30th and the display area 24th are arranged in such a way, in particular to each other, that that of the projector 30th emitted rays of light 32 for a real image display 36 on the display area 24th be directed. In other words, the projector 30th emitted light beams in the direction of the display surface 24th passed, whereby on the display surface in particular through the holographic element 34 a real picture 36 is produced. For example, the light rays 32 on the holographic element 34 the display area 24th be bent and / or deflected and / or reflected. In particular, the light rays 32 through the holographic element 34 are simultaneously deflected and scattered in a defined angular range. Scattering in a defined angular range can also take place, for example, by distributing or fanning a plurality of light beams associated with a pixel of the image emitted by the projector into a defined angular range without each individual beam being scattered in several directions, for example by holograms printed pixel by pixel can be realized. In this way, the display area can be viewed, in particular, by a viewer 24th a real picture on the display surface 24th to be generated.

In other words, the display area 24th designed as a projection screen. Furthermore, the display area 24th in particular holographic or as a hologram, the projector 30th Rays of light in the direction of the display surface 24th sends. The hologram 34 acts in particular as a scattering surface, as a result of which an image representation, in particular a real image representation, on the display surface 24th can be displayed. The hologram in particular has a specific radiation characteristic. This is the hologram 34 for example for incoming light rays 32 which of the projector 30th be broadcast and thus at a defined angle, in particular an angle of incidence, on the display surface 24th impact, effective and for light rays which come from a different angle of incidence on the display surface 24th impinge and come, for example, from the surroundings of the display area are not effective. This will make the light rays 32 of the projector 30th in particular scattered, reflected and / or bent. The scatter on the display area 24th can take place in a defined area, whereby a scattered image point and in total an image representation can be displayed visibly.

4th shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The projection device 22 can in particular be designed for arrangement in an instrument panel of a vehicle. The projection device according to 4th can according to the projection device according to 1 and / or according to 2nd be arranged in a vehicle.

The projection device 22 assigns a projector 30th and a display area 24th on. The display area 24th has at least one holographic element 34 on. Alternatively, the display area 24th as a holographic element 34 be trained. In a further development, the display area 24th Have areas with at least two different optical functions, the display surface 24th in the first area 40 the display area 24th has a first transmission and in the second area 42 the display area 24th has a second transmission. In this way, different real image representations can in particular be generated. The display area 24th according to 4th can in particular be designed as a transmission hologram. The holographic function of the display area 24th can in particular be designed at any point in such a way that the incident light from the projector 30th is transmitted and scattered into a solid angle, which has a viewing area, in particular the eyebox 38 , illuminates or covers, from which an observer can perceive the image.

Using the projector 30th can beams of light 32 be sent out. By means of the projector 30th Light beams emitted can be emitted, for example, by light-emitting diodes, such as LEDs, or laser beams. The light rays can be modulated, for example, by an LCOS display (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) or a DMD (Digital Mirror Device, eg DLP ™ from Texas Instruments). The projector 30th and the display area 24th are arranged in the way, in particular to each other, that of the projector 30th emitted light rays 32 for a real image display on the display surface 24th be directed. The real image representation according to the projection device 22 according to 4th can according to the real image representation 3rd be generated. In contrast to the projection device 22 according to 3rd become the rays of light 32 according to the projection device 22 according to 4th through the display area 24th passed through. Preferably the light rays 32 especially on the display area 24th bent and / or redirected in such a way that the light rays 32 to an eyebox 38 be judged. In other words, the rays of light shine 32 the eyebox 38 so that a viewer can see the rays of light 32 or the real image representation, which by means of the rays of light 32 was generated in the eyebox 38 can perceive. An eyebox 38 is, for example, the area in which the viewer's eyes are located, in particular with a high probability.

The display area 24th has a first area 40 and a second area 42 on. The first area 40 has a first transparency and the second area 42 has a second transparency, the first area 40 has less transparency than the second area 42 . By means of the projector 30th emitted rays of light 32 can in the first area 40 a different real image representation is shown as in the second area 42 . The different transparency of the first area 40 and the second area 42 can be realized, for example, by integrating structures that are tinted in neutral gray, but not visibly scattering, for example laminated foils or tints in the volume of the pane, which cover the display area 24th forms. To develop the defined transparency of the first area 40 can first area 40 the display area 24th on one of the projector 30th facing and / or facing side a layer having a certain transparency 48 exhibit. The layer 48 can preferably have a defined tint and / or a defined degree of reflection.

The display area 24th can be arranged, for example, in such a way that the first area 40 between a viewer of the display area 24th and the instrument panel is arranged and the second area 42 for a viewer of the display area 24th is arranged above the instrument panel. The display area 24th can alternatively be arranged in such a way that the first area 40 essentially between a viewer of the display area 24th and the inner contour of the steering wheel rim is arranged and the second area 42 for a viewer of the display area 24th is arranged outside the steering wheel rim.

The one from the projector 30th emitted rays of light 32 hit particularly at an angle of incidence 44 on the display area 24th on. The angle of incidence 44 is defined as an angle between the light rays 32 and a surface normal 46 the display area 24th . The surface normals 46 is perpendicular to the display area 24th arranged. The angle of incidence 44 has in particular a value between 10 ° and 80 °, in particular between 45 ° and 70 °. The holographic element 34 can, for example, have a holographic function for deflecting and / or scattering the light beams 32 depending on the angle of incidence 44 , the holographic function depending on the angle of incidence 44 the rays of light 32 is trained.

Furthermore, the first area 40 the display area 24th on one of the projector 30th facing side a layer having a certain transparency 48 on. Alternatively, the first area 40 the display area 24th the layer 48 also on one of the projector 30th have opposite side. In this further development, the shift points 48 a defined tint. The tint is advantageously neutral gray, that is to say the colors of the representation are not significantly influenced, but preferably only the brightness is reduced. This can in particular result in less transparency of the first area 40 be generated. In a further development, the display area 24th also on one of the projector 30th facing or facing side have a protective layer.

The second area 42 can, for example, be made transparent and, in particular, similar to a combiner HUD, can provide a view of the surroundings, for example the street. In a further development, the transparency of the upper area can be made variable using electro-optical layers. This enables high-contrast image reproduction even with high ambient brightness. The second area 42 can have, for example, an electro-optical layer, the transparency of the second layer being variably adjustable by means of the electro-optical layer. This can in particular increase the transparency of the second area 42 can be varied. For example, the transparency of the second area 42 higher or lower or the same as the transparency of the first area 40 . This allows the display area 24th in particular have variable transparency. In an alternative embodiment, the projection surface is provided with an additional layer in a transmission or reflection structure, the transmission of the additional layer being adjustable in particular, in particular electrically switchable. This additional electrically switchable layer can be implemented, for example, as an SPD, also referred to as a suspended particle device, as a guest host LC cell, as an electrochromic layer or the like. With these technological approaches, the absorption of the layer is varied. Alternatively, for example, PDLC technology, which can also be referred to as polymer dispersed liquid crystal, can be used to vary between clear and diffuse scattering, as a result of which the display area appears as a white scattering area that is non-transparent to the scene behind it. This electrically controlled reduction in transparency is particularly advantageous for the display contrast of the second area 42 to improve at high ambient brightness.

In other words, the projection device 22 a barely transparent first area 40 on which is in the driver's line of sight under the second area 42 is arranged. The first area 40 can be read, for example, like a classic instrument cluster through the steering wheel. The image drawings can be designed, for example, via rear projection, the display area 24th essentially has no transparency or hardly any. As a result, the rear projection device and further components are behind the first area 40 covered. Furthermore, the contrast is only influenced to a small extent by extraneous light, for example by solar radiation. Components for reducing the transparency can be formed, for example, as a layer with a tint, a polarization-dependent film or a lamella layer.

The design is particularly advantageous for vehicles that are sometimes driven manually, sometimes automatically. In manual mode, the first, lower area 40 can be used as an instrument cluster, the second, upper area 42 , similar to a combiner HUD, which allow a clear view of the street. In automatic driving mode, a continuous, relatively large-area display can be used for a variety of purposes. For example, in an autonomous driving mode, a viewer can read texts, such as read and write e-mails, use possible entertainment functions or set route and POI information. In the case of high ambient brightness, a good display contrast can be achieved by activating a variable tint in the upper area.

In other words, by means of the projection device 22 a transparent display can be formed, the display area of which is divided into different areas, in particular a first area 40 which as lower area 40 is formed, and a second area 42 which is the upper area 40 is trained. The two areas 40 , 42 are especially optimized for different properties by a different layer structure. This type of display space 24th is suitable for displays with high transmission because the light of the real scene behind the display surface 24th and thus can be radiated through the hologram largely unhindered behind the hologram. This is particularly true in the second area 42 the display area 24th used. At the same time there are high brightnesses of the display area 24th needed to ensure sufficient contrast to the background. For this the first area 40 in particular less transparency than the second area 42 exhibit.

The holographic material 34 can be applied as a carrier, for example, on a glass substrate, a polycarbonate pane or the like. For example, an additional protective layer, such as a hard coating, can also be applied to the holographic material in order to protect the layer from external influences. The pane can also be designed as a laminated glass pane.

Furthermore, an antireflection layer can be arranged on the side facing away from the driver in order to reduce disturbing reflections of the projected light upwards.

In the second area 42 the display area 24th is the display area 24th not additionally tinted. This ensures that the display is highly transparent to ambient light. Due to the transparency, the background behind the display area 24th or the pane can be viewed without significant loss of brightness. In the first area 40 and thus in the lower area 40 can on the display area 24th additionally with a tint 48 be arranged, whereby the transparency is reduced. If the projection is sufficiently bright, the image generated by the projector can still be perceived with sufficient brightness. The through the tint 48 Reduced transmission also affects incident light from the projector 30th on the hologram and reduces interfering effects such as a diffuse, contrast-reducing glow or perceptible color effects. Above all, however, the tinting reduces or avoids the visibility of the elements of the projection device, which are behind the lens in the viewing direction of the viewer, in particular the cover 26a , the lower edge of this cover, and the contour of the optical element 56 and possibly other contours.

Furthermore, for example, in addition to the second area 42 a slight tint. It is also possible to divide the display area into more than two areas. For example, a line can be provided for particularly critical elements in which the back is, for example, non-transparent.

The first stage 40 and the second display area 42 can also be designed as merging areas that are not clearly separated at a certain limit. From the driver's point of view, the border can run, for example, along the contour of the instrument panel or along the lower edge of the windshield.

5 shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The projection device 22 according to 5 can according to the projection device 22 according to 4th be trained. The projection device according to 5 can according to the projection device according to 1 and / or according to 2nd in the vehicle 20th to be ordered. Furthermore, the vehicle points 20th a windshield 50 on.

The projection device 22 according to 5 is in an instrument panel 26 of a vehicle 20th arranged. The display area 24th is arranged in such a way that the first area 40 between a viewer of the display area 24th , represented here by the eyebox 38 , and the instrument panel 26 is arranged. In other words, the first area 40 for a viewer of the display area 24th in the direction of view in front of the instrument panel 26 of the vehicle 20th arranged. The second area 42 is for a viewer of the display area, represented here by the eyebox 38 , above the instrument panel 26 arranged. The projection device is in this advantageous embodiment 22 or the display area 24th the projection device 22 in style on the instrument panel 26 arranged that the second area 42 the display area 24th in front of the windshield 50 of the vehicle is arranged. In other words, the second area 42 the display area 24th between the windshield 50 and the eyebox 38 or the viewer of the display area 24th arranged. This allows a viewer to see through the at least partially transparent second area 42 the windshield 50 through the second area 42 see through, creating a viewer an environment 52 of the vehicle, particularly through the windshield 50 is visible through it. This allows information on the second area 42 the display area 24th be represented with the environment 52 of the vehicle 52 be overlaid. In particular, the real image, which is on the second area 42 the display area 24th is shown with the environment 52 be overlaid.

The instrument panel 26 can be a cover in particular 27th exhibit. The first area 40 can be particularly between a viewer 28 the display area 24th and the cover 27. In this way, it can in particular be avoided or reduced that the viewer can view the components of the projection device 22 perceives in the direction of travel in front of the display area 24th or in the direction of the bonnet in front of the display area 24th or on a side of the display surface facing away from the viewer 24th are arranged, in particular the cover 27th and / or the lower edge thereof.

The one from the projector 30th emitted rays of light 32 between the projector 30th and the display area 24th are guided in particular in a beam path. The display area 24th or the first area 40 the display area 24th is particularly arranged in such a way that the first area 40 at least partially obscures the beam path. In other words, the first area 40 arranged such that a passage for in the direction of the display area 24th directed rays of the projector 30th from the first area 40 at least partially covered. This allows the projector 30th and other elements are hidden, so that these cannot be perceived by a viewer.

In this advantageous embodiment, the projection device 22 between the projector 30th and the display area 24th still an imaging optics 54 with at least one optical element 56 on, by means of the imaging optics 54 that of the projector 30th emitted rays of light 32 on the display area 24th be directed. In other words, the optical element directs 56 the imaging optics 54 the rays of light 32 so that this towards the display area 24th be directed. The optical element 56 can be designed for this purpose, for example, as a mirror, or a deflecting seal, or a microlens array or a hologram, as a result of which the light beams 32 in particular be deflected and / or reflected and / or bent. To the projection device 22 The projection device can adapt to the marginal conditions of the available installation space 22 with additional optical elements 54 , 56 include. This allows the projector 30th be positioned.

In other words, it is particularly between the projector 30th and the display area 24th the at least one optical element 56 arranged so that the light rays 32 diagonally from below in relation to an observer on the projection surface 24th hit and that the projector 30th seen in the direction of travel before the first area 40 the projection surface is arranged, in particular in the direction of a bonnet, and / or on a side of the display surface facing away from a viewer 24th . By means of such a protection device 22 For example, a display area can be realized in the area of a vehicle in which a combination instrument is typically arranged. This can in particular prevent a space collision between the steering column of the vehicle and the projector 30th , which are typically both in the center below the display area.

The second area 42 as a transparent combiner disc, on which image content, in particular as a real image, can be imported directly into the driver's field of vision when viewing the driving scene. This enables quick reading without having to look away and face the instrument panel. The first area 40 the display area can be used, for example, for typical functions of the combination display, such as a speed display or a speed display. By the lesser Readability is guaranteed, and critical driving information, such as warning symbols and / or other information, can also be displayed.

6 shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The projection device 22 according to 6 can according to the projection device 22 according to 5 and / or according to 4th be trained. The projection device according to 6 can according to the projection device according to 5 and / or according to 1 and / or according to 2nd in the vehicle 20th to be ordered. Furthermore, the vehicle points 20th a steering wheel 60 on. The steering wheel 60 has an opening in particular 62 on.

The display area 24th is arranged in this advantageous embodiment in such a way that the first area 40 for a viewer 28 through the steering wheel 60 of the vehicle 20th , especially through the opening 62 the steering wheel 60 , is visible through and that the second area 42 above the steering wheel 60 of the vehicle 20th is visible. In other words, a viewer at 28 can see the first area 40 through the steering wheel 60 or through the opening 62 the steering wheel 60 look through and see the second area above the steering wheel.

7 shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The projection device 22 according to 7 can according to the projection device 22 according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 4th be trained. The projection device according to 7 can according to the projection device according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 1 and / or according to 2nd in the vehicle 20th to be ordered.

In this advantageous embodiment, the imaging optics 54 the projection device 22 at least two optical elements 56 , 64 on. The imaging optics 54 has a first optical element 56 and a second optical element 64 on. The second optical element 64 can correspond to the first optical element 56 be formed or be designed as another optical element such as a mirror, or a deflecting mirror, a diffractive optical element (DOE) or a holographic optical element (HOE). The one from the projector 30th emitted rays of light 32 be towards the second optical element 64 radiated and on the second optical element 64 redirected or reflected in such a way that the light rays 32 from the second optical element 64 towards the first optical element 56 be directed. The rays of light 32 be on the first optical element 56 deflected or reflected such that this in the direction of the display surface 24th be directed. The use of two optical elements makes it possible, in particular, to illuminate wider display areas using common projector technologies. The first optical element 56 can be made wider than the second optical element in a further development 64 , wherein a width of an optical element is in particular horizontal or transverse to a direction of travel.

Furthermore, the projection device 22 in this advantageous embodiment, a cover plate 66 on, with the cover plate 66 between the first area 40 and the second area 42 on the display area 24th is arranged. The cover plate can in particular between the display area 24th and the instrument panel 26 arranged so that the projector 30th and the imaging optics 54 is protected from external influences, such as particles and / or liquid. Furthermore, by means of the cover plate 66 , which can also be referred to as cover glass 66, prevents dust and other media from entering the projection area. The cover plate can be designed, for example, as a polycarbonate film, the film in particular having a thickness between 0.1 mm and 1.5 mm, in particular 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm. The film can be coated with a hard coating, in particular on the upper side. The cover plate 66 can additionally, for example, an anti-reflective layer, for example on the upper and on the lower side of the cover plate 66 exhibit. For example, the cover plate can have a tint or a polarizing layer. The cover plate 66 can advantageously be designed in such a way that the connection to the screen lies in the invisible area behind the steering wheel rim or at a transition between the two areas. The cover plate 66 can in particular at a defined angle 67 to the display area 24th be arranged. The angle 67 is defined as an angle 67 between the cover plate 66 and the display area 24th . The cover plate 66 can in particular towards the second area 42 tend. The angle 67 can in particular have a value greater than 90 °, in particular between 110 ° and 130 °, in particular between 90 ° and 180 °. Furthermore, by means of a suitable design, in particular the inclination around the angle 67 , the cover plate that possible reflections are achieved, for example, by reflection of light rays on the cover plate 66 generated on the cover 27th be directed. The cover 27th can in particular be matte and / or black, which can cause potentially disruptive artifacts on the display surface 24th can be reduced.

8th shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The projection device 22 according to 8th can according to the projection device 22 according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 4th be formed and / or according to the projection device 22 according to 3rd generate a real image. The projection device according to 8th can according to the projection device according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 1 and / or according to 2nd in the vehicle 20th to be ordered.

The difference of the projection device 22 according to 8th is that the projector 30th is arranged such that the light rays 32 so on the display area 24th hit that this on the display area 24th be reflected. In other words, the rays of light hit 32 on the side of the display area 24th that a viewer can look at.

The display area 24th according to 8th can in particular be designed as a reflection hologram. The display area 24th can in particular have a reflection hologram, which is designed as a holographic scattering surface of the projection system. The advantage of this arrangement is that the light of the projection unit in the lower area of the display is not influenced by the tint on the back, and the tint therefore does not reduce the brightness of the display even in the lower area.

Incident light on the back can still be greatly reduced by the tint and can therefore reduce interference. Furthermore, the side of the display area can also 24th be tinted, which points to a viewer. In this way, in particular, the susceptibility to stray light can be further reduced, for example, a dark-appearing display surface can be formed. Since the tint on the back does not affect the image brightness, it is also possible to darken the back to the point of complete lack of transparency. The function of the upper area remains unchanged.

9 shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The projection device 22 according to 9 can according to the projection device 22 according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 4th be trained. The projection device according to 9 can according to the projection device according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 1 and / or according to 2nd in the vehicle 20th to be ordered.

The first area 40 the display area 24th points to the projector 30th facing away a layer with a certain transparency 70 on. In this advantageous embodiment, the layer has 70 a lamellar structure. By means of the lamella structure, in particular, only light rays which are at a defined angle of incidence on the display surface 24th are passed through accordingly and thus on the display area 24th to meet. The rays of light 32 of the projector 30th impinge on the layer 70 at this specific defined angle of incidence and can thus be transmitted and on the display surface 24th to meet. Strikes a first stray light 72 from an environment of the projection device 22 on the lamella structure, the first stray light beam can 72 the lamella structure does not pass, is absorbed or reflected and is therefore not visible to an observer. A second beam of light 74 which is on the second area 42 the display area 24th can hit the display area unhindered 24th happen. This allows an observer through the second area 42 perceive or see the surroundings of the projection device.

The function of the lamella film can be designed, for example, in accordance with the lamella films for monitors which transmit light within a certain angular range but absorb light outside this range. The lamella film in the projection device 22 can, for example, the angular range of the light rays 32 of the projector 30th transmit and absorb incident stray light from other angular ranges.

In particular, it is possible to adjust the inclination of the individual slats to the direction of the projector at any point on the display surface 24th adapt. As a result, the transmitted angular range on the film can exactly match the direction of the light rays 32 of the projector 30th be adjusted, whereby the transmitted area must cover a smaller angle locally. To cover the smaller angular range, for example, the width of the slats can be changed, for example increased or reduced, or the distance between two slats can be reduced or increased.

10th shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a projection device 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The projection device 22 according to 10th can according to the projection device 22 according to 9 and / or according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 4th be trained. The projection device according to 10th can according to the Projection device according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 1 and / or according to 2nd in the vehicle 20th to be ordered.

The first area 40 the display area 24th points to the projector 30th facing away a layer with a certain transparency 76 on. In this advantageous embodiment, the layer has 70 a polarizing filter. Light beams of a certain polarization can be filtered out by means of a polarizing filter or a polarization filter. In other words, only light beams with a defined polarization can be let through from the polarizing filter. The rays of light 32 of the projector 30th have a first polarization 78 on. The rays of light 32 with the first polarization 78 can thus pass through the polarizing filter and thus onto the display surface 24th to meet. Be from an object 80 in the neighborhood 52 the protection device light rays 82 with the first polarization 78 and a second polarization 84 sent out and hit the polarizing filter 76 so the rays of light 82 with the second polarization 84 filtered out, only the light rays 82 with the first polarization 78 can pass the polarizing filter and thus be forwarded to a viewer. Hit such rays of light 82 from another item 80 in the neighborhood 52 to the second area 42 the display area 24th so the rays of light 82 with the first polarization 78 and with the second polarization 84 the second area 42 pass unhindered and be forwarded to a viewer. This allows an observer through the second area 42 perceive or see the surroundings of the projection device.

In an alternative embodiment, the holographic scattering surface can additionally have a polarization filter 76 or have a polarization-dependent mirror. The rays of light 32 of the projector 30th can already refer to the direction of passage of the filter 76 be adjusted. Projectors based on laser light, LCD cells or LCoS imagers are often already polarized, which is why the polarization can be adapted to the transmission direction of the filter without significantly reducing the luminous flux of the projector. The rays of light 32 of the projector 30th are transmitted on the polarizing filter in the forward direction, while the light of a real object or incident stray light is polarized. By polarizing the initially unpolarized stray light, the transmission and thus the portion reaching the hologram are reduced, which reduces interference effects and can improve the contrast and thus the readability.

The polarization filter can also be used, for example, in the upper region of the display area in order to specifically suppress a specific polarization when the system is used as a combiner disc. For example, it is possible to specifically suppress glare reflections of sunlight that occur on horizontal surfaces, similar to polarizing sunglasses. Such a combiner lens acts as a tinted lens, but specifically reduces typical glare reflections in the driving scene and thus offers an increase in comfort and driving safety.

A polarization filter can also be applied to the side of the display surface facing the viewer. In addition, this embodiment can also be implemented in reflection.

11 shows a schematic representation of a perspective view of a display surface 24th and a steering wheel 60 of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. The display area 24th according to 11 can according to the display area 24th a projection device 22 according to 10th and / or according to 9 and / or according to 8th and / or according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 4th be trained. The display area 24th according to 11 can according to the display area 24th according to 10th and / or according to 9 and / or according to 8th and / or according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 4th in a projection device 22 be arranged. The display area 24th according to 11 can according to the projection device according to 10th and / or according to 9 and / or according to 8th and / or according to 7 and / or according to 6 and / or according to 5 and / or according to 1 and / or according to 2nd in the vehicle 20th to be ordered.

The display area 24th according to 11 is arranged in this advantageous embodiment in such a way that the first area 40 for an observer through the steering wheel 60 of the vehicle 20th , especially through the opening 62 the steering wheel 60 , is visible through and that the second area 42 above the steering wheel 60 of the vehicle 20th is visible. In other words, a viewer can see the first area 40 through the steering wheel 60 or through the opening 62 the steering wheel 60 look through and see the second area above the steering wheel.

12 shows a schematic representation of a method 90 for operating a projection device according to an embodiment of the present invention with the following steps.

In a first step 92 of the procedure 90 light rays are emitted by means of the projector for displaying the first, real image representation, the light rays for representing the first real image representation being directed in the direction of the first region of the display surface.

In a second step 94 of the procedure 90 light rays are emitted by means of the projector for displaying the second, real image representation, the light rays for representing the second, real image representation being directed in the direction of the second area of the display surface.

The light rays for representing the first, real image representation and the light rays for representing the second, real image representation can be emitted simultaneously or in succession. In other words, the first step 92 of the procedure 90 and the second step 94 of the procedure 90 run simultaneously or in succession.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102014200377 A1 [0002]

Claims (16)

Projection device (22), in particular for an instrument panel (26) for a vehicle (20), comprising a projector (30) and a display surface (24), the projector (30) and the display surface (24) being arranged in the manner, that light beams (32) emitted by the projector (30) are directed onto the display surface (24) for a real image display (36), characterized in that the display surface (24) has at least one holographic element (34) that the display surface ( 24) has a first area (40) and a second area (42), that the first area (40) has a first transparency and the second area (42) has a second transparency, the first area (40) having less transparency has as the second region (42) and that the display surface (24) is arranged in such a way that the first region (40) is arranged between a viewer (28) of the display surface (24) and the instrument panel (26) and the second Area ch (42) for a viewer (28) of the display surface (24) is arranged at least partially above the instrument panel (26). Projection device (22) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the display area (24) is arranged in such a way that the first area (40) is visible to a viewer (28) through a steering wheel (60) of the vehicle (20) and that the second area (42 ) above the steering wheel (60) of the vehicle (20) is visible. Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light beams (32) emitted by the projector (30) are guided between the projector (30) and the display surface (24) in a beam path, the display surface (24) is arranged in such a way that the first area (40) at least partially obscures the viewer's view of the beam path. Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light beams (32) emitted by the projector (30) strike the display surface (24) at an angle of incidence (44), the angle of incidence (44) being defined as one Angle (44) between the light rays (32) and a surface normal (46) of the display surface (24) and that the angle of incidence (44) has a value between 10 ° and 80 °, in particular between 45 ° and 70 °. Projection device (22) after Claim 4 characterized in that the holographic element (34) has a holographic function for deflecting and / or scattering the light rays (32) depending on the angle of incidence (44), the holographic function depending on the angle of incidence (44) of the light rays (32 ) is trained. Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first region (40) of the display surface (24) has a layer (48) having a certain transparency on a side facing and / or facing away from the projector (30). Projection device (22) after Claim 6 , characterized in that the layer (48) has a defined tint and / or has a defined degree of reflection and / or has a lamella structure and / or has a polarizing filter. Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the display surface (24) has a protective layer on a side facing and / or facing away from the projector (30). Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection device (22) between the projector (30) and the display surface (24) has an imaging optics (54) with at least one optical element (56, 64), whereby by means of the imaging optics (54) the light beams (32) emitted by the projector (30) are directed onto the display surface (24). Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection device (22) has a cover (27), the projector (30) on a side of the cover (27) facing away from the viewer, in particular in the direction of travel of the vehicle, is arranged. Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second region (42) has an electro-optical layer, the transparency of the second region (42) being variably adjustable by means of the electro-optical layer. Projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection device (22) has a cover plate (66), the cover plate (66) between the first region (40) and the second region (42) on the display surface ( 24) is arranged. Instrument panel (26) with a projection device (22) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projection device (22) is arranged on the instrument panel (26) in such a way that the first region (40) of the display surface (24) is arranged between a viewer (28) of the display surface (24) and the instrument panel (26) and the second area (42) of the display area (24) for an observer (28) of the display area (24) is arranged above the instrument panel (26). Instrument panel (26) after Claim 12 , characterized in that the projection device (22) is arranged on the instrument panel (26) in such a way that the second region (42) of the display surface (24) is arranged in front of a windshield (50) of the vehicle (20). Method for operating a projection device (22) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 11 with the following steps: emitting light beams (32) by means of the projector (30) to display the first, real image display (36), the light beams (32) to display the first, real image display (36) in the direction of the first region ( 40) of the display surface (24), emitting light beams (32) by means of the projector (30) for displaying the second, real image representation (36), wherein the light beams (32) for displaying the second, real image representation (36) in Direction of the second region (42) of the display surface (24) are guided, the light beams (32) for displaying the first, real image representation (36) and the light beams (32) for displaying the second, real image representation (36) simultaneously or in succession be sent out. Procedure according to Claim 14 The transparency of the second area (42) can be variably set by means of an electro-optical layer, with a lower transparency being set in an automated driving mode of a vehicle than in a manual driving mode of a vehicle.

Images