DE102018219824A1 - Drive system for an electric vehicle, method for operating a drive system and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Drive system for an electric vehicle, method for operating a drive system and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- DE102018219824A1 DE102018219824A1 DE102018219824.1A DE102018219824A DE102018219824A1 DE 102018219824 A1 DE102018219824 A1 DE 102018219824A1 DE 102018219824 A DE102018219824 A DE 102018219824A DE 102018219824 A1 DE102018219824 A1 DE 102018219824A1
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- traction motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
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- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antriebssystem (10) für ein Elektrofahrzeug, umfassend einen Traktionsmotor (25) zum Antrieb des Elektrofahrzeugs, eine Leistungselektronik (30) zum Ansteuern des Traktionsmotors (25), eine erste Batterieeinheit (11) und eine zweite Batterieeinheit (12). Es ist ein Flüssigkeitskreislauf (50) vorgesehen, welcher mindestens einen der zweiten Batterieeinheit (12) zugeordneten Wärmetauscher (55) umfasst, mittels welchem Wärme zwischen dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf (50) und der zweiten Batterieeinheit (12) austauschbar ist. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems (10), umfassend folgende Schritte:- Ansteuern der Leistungselektronik (30) derart, dass ausschließlich die erste Batterieeinheit (11) Energie zum Betrieb des Traktionsmotors (25) liefert, während eine Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit (12) eine Minimaltemperatur unterschreitet;- Übertragen von Wärme, die in der Leistungselektronik (30) und/oder in dem Traktionsmotor (25) und/oder in der ersten Batterieeinheit (11) entsteht, mittels des Flüssigkeitskreislaufs (50) und des der zweiten Batterieeinheit (12) zugeordneten Wärmetauschers (55) an die zweite Batterieeinheit (12);- Ansteuern der Leistungselektronik (30) derart, dass die zweite Batterieeinheit (12) Energie zum Betrieb des Traktionsmotors (25) liefert, wenn eine Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit (12) die Minimaltemperatur überschreitet.Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Elektrofahrzeug, das ein erfindungsgemäßes Antriebssystem (10) umfasst, welches mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren betrieben wird.The invention relates to a drive system (10) for an electric vehicle, comprising a traction motor (25) for driving the electric vehicle, power electronics (30) for controlling the traction motor (25), a first battery unit (11) and a second battery unit (12). A liquid circuit (50) is provided which comprises at least one heat exchanger (55) assigned to the second battery unit (12), by means of which heat can be exchanged between the liquid circuit (50) and the second battery unit (12). The invention also relates to a method for operating a drive system (10) according to the invention, comprising the following steps: - Controlling the power electronics (30) in such a way that only the first battery unit (11) supplies energy for operating the traction motor (25) while a temperature of second battery unit (12) falls below a minimum temperature; - Transfer of heat, which arises in the power electronics (30) and / or in the traction motor (25) and / or in the first battery unit (11), by means of the liquid circuit (50) and the heat exchanger (55) assigned to the second battery unit (12) to the second battery unit (12); - controlling the power electronics (30) such that the second battery unit (12) supplies energy for operating the traction motor (25) when a temperature of the second Battery unit (12) exceeds the minimum temperature. The invention also relates to an electric vehicle that has a drive system (1 0), which is operated with the method according to the invention.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antriebssystem für ein Elektrofahrzeug, welches einen Traktionsmotor zum Antrieb des Elektrofahrzeugs, eine Leistungselektronik zum Ansteuern des Traktionsmotors, eine erste Batterieeinheit und eine zweite Batterieeinheit umfasst. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Elektrofahrzeug, welches ein erfindungsgemäßes Antriebssystem umfasst, welches mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren betrieben wird.The invention relates to a drive system for an electric vehicle, which comprises a traction motor for driving the electric vehicle, power electronics for controlling the traction motor, a first battery unit and a second battery unit. The invention further relates to a method for operating a drive system according to the invention. The invention further relates to an electric vehicle which comprises a drive system according to the invention which is operated using the method according to the invention.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es zeichnet sich ab, dass in Zukunft vermehrt elektrisch angetriebene Kraftfahrzeuge zum Einsatz kommen werden. In elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugen, wie Elektrofahrzeugen und Hybridfahrzeugen, aber auch in stationären Anwendungen werden aufladbare Batterien eingesetzt, vorwiegend um elektrische Antriebseinrichtungen mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen. Für solche Anwendungen eignen sich insbesondere Batterien mit Lithium-Batteriezellen. Lithium-Batteriezellen zeichnen sich unter anderem durch hohe Energiedichten, thermische Stabilität und eine äußerst geringe Selbstentladung aus. Ein Antriebssystem für ein Elektrofahrzeug umfasst neben mindestens einer aufladbaren Batterie noch einen Traktionsmotor zum Antrieb des Elektrofahrzeugs und eine Leistungselektronik zum Ansteuern des Traktionsmotors.It is becoming apparent that electric vehicles will increasingly be used in the future. Rechargeable batteries are used in electrically powered motor vehicles, such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, but also in stationary applications, primarily to supply electrical drive devices with electrical energy. Batteries with lithium battery cells are particularly suitable for such applications. Lithium battery cells are characterized, among other things, by high energy densities, thermal stability and extremely low self-discharge. In addition to at least one rechargeable battery, a drive system for an electric vehicle also includes a traction motor for driving the electric vehicle and power electronics for controlling the traction motor.
Lithium-Batteriezellen neuartiger Technologien weisen Festkörperelektrolyte auf und haben verhältnismäßig hohe Energiedichten. Die chemischen Bestandteile von solchen Lithium-Batteriezellen sind hoch aktiv, können aber nur innerhalb eines bestimmten Temperaturbereichs, beispielsweise oberhalb von 70°C und unterhalb von 90°C, optimal betrieben werden. Batterien mit derartigen Lithium-Batteriezellen werden auch als Mitteltemperaturbatterien (Mid-T-Batterien) bezeichnet und haben außerhalb des besagten Temperaturbereichs einen verhältnismäßig hohen elektrischen Innenwiderstand. Deshalb können Mitteltemperaturbatterien außerhalb dieses Temperaturbereichs nicht optimal betrieben werden.Lithium battery cells of new technologies have solid electrolytes and have relatively high energy densities. The chemical components of such lithium battery cells are highly active, but can only be operated optimally within a certain temperature range, for example above 70 ° C. and below 90 ° C. Batteries with such lithium battery cells are also referred to as medium-temperature batteries (Mid-T batteries) and have a relatively high internal electrical resistance outside of the said temperature range. Therefore, medium temperature batteries cannot be operated optimally outside of this temperature range.
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Aus dem Dokument
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Es wird ein Antriebssystem für ein Elektrofahrzeug vorgeschlagen. Das Antriebssystem umfasst einen Traktionsmotor zum Antrieb des Elektrofahrzeugs und eine Leistungselektronik zum Ansteuern des Traktionsmotors. Die Leistungselektronik ist dabei mit dem Traktionsmotor elektrisch verbunden. Das Antriebssystem umfasst ferner eine erste Batterieeinheit und eine zweite Batterieeinheit, welche mit der Leistungselektronik elektrisch verbunden sind. Die beiden Batterieeinheiten können elektrische Energie zum Betrieb des Traktionsmotors zu der Leistungselektronik liefern.A drive system for an electric vehicle is proposed. The drive system includes a traction motor to drive the electric vehicle and power electronics to control the traction motor. The power electronics are electrically connected to the traction motor. The drive system further comprises a first battery unit and a second battery unit, which are electrically connected to the power electronics. The two battery units can supply electrical energy for operating the traction motor to the power electronics.
Jede der beiden Batterieeinheiten umfasst beispielsweise eine Mehrzahl von Batteriemodulen, die seriell und/oder parallel miteinander verschaltet sind. Jedes der Batteriemodule umfasst beispielsweise eine Mehrzahl von Batteriezellen, die seriell und/oder parallel miteinander verschaltet sind. Die erste Batterieeinheit und die zweite Batterieeinheit sind unterschiedlich ausgestaltet und weisen insbesondere verschiedenartige Batteriezellen auf.Each of the two battery units comprises, for example, a plurality of battery modules which are connected to one another in series and / or in parallel. Each of the battery modules comprises, for example, a plurality of battery cells which are connected to one another in series and / or in parallel. The first battery unit and the second battery unit are designed differently and in particular have different types of battery cells.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das Antriebssystem auch einen Flüssigkeitskreislauf. Der Flüssigkeitskreislauf umfasst mindestens einen der zweiten Batterieeinheit zugeordneten Wärmetauscher, mittels welchem Wärme zwischen dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf und der zweiten Batterieeinheit austauschbar ist. Das bedeutet, dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf zu der zweiten Batterieeinheit übertragbar ist, und dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von der zweiten Batterieeinheit zu dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf übertragbar ist. According to the invention, the drive system also includes a liquid circuit. The liquid circuit comprises at least one heat exchanger assigned to the second battery unit, by means of which heat can be exchanged between the liquid circuit and the second battery unit. This means that heat can be transferred from the liquid circuit to the second battery unit by means of said heat exchanger and that heat can be transferred from the second battery unit to the liquid circuit by means of said heat exchanger.
Die zweite Batterieeinheit umfasst vorzugsweise Batteriezellen, welche als sogenannte Mid-T-Batteriezellen oder Mitteltemperaturbatteriezellen ausgeführt sind und Festkörperelektrolyte aufweisen. Somit haben die Batteriezellen der zweiten Batterieeinheit verhältnismäßig hohe Energiedichten, können aber nur innerhalb eines verhältnismäßig engen Temperaturbereichs von etwa 70°C bis 90°C optimal betrieben werden. Außerhalb des besagten Temperaturbereichs haben die Batteriezellen der zweiten Batterieeinheit einen verhältnismäßig hohen Innenwiderstand.The second battery unit preferably comprises battery cells which are designed as so-called Mid-T battery cells or medium-temperature battery cells and have solid-state electrolytes. The battery cells of the second battery unit thus have relatively high energy densities, but can only be operated optimally within a relatively narrow temperature range of approximately 70 ° C. to 90 ° C. Outside the said temperature range, the battery cells of the second battery unit have a relatively high internal resistance.
Die Batteriezellen der ersten Batterieeinheit sind beispielsweise als Hochleistungsbatteriezellen ausgeführt und weisen flüssige Elektrolyte auf. Die Batteriezellen der ersten Batterieeinheit können beispielsweise auch als Superkondensatoren oder hybride Superkondensatoren ausgebildet sein. Die Batteriezellen der ersten Batterieeinheit können beispielsweise in einem Temperaturbereichs von etwa 5°C bis 35°C optimal betrieben werden. Aber auch bei tieferen Temperaturen können die Batteriezellen der ersten Batterieeinheit noch betrieben werden.The battery cells of the first battery unit are designed, for example, as high-performance battery cells and have liquid electrolytes. The battery cells of the first battery unit can also be designed, for example, as supercapacitors or hybrid supercapacitors. The battery cells of the first battery unit can be operated optimally, for example, in a temperature range from approximately 5 ° C. to 35 ° C. However, the battery cells of the first battery unit can still be operated even at lower temperatures.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Leistungselektronik als Multilevel-Converter ausgestaltet, welcher einen ersten Inverter und einen zweiten Inverter umfasst. Dabei ist die erste Batterieeinheit mit dem ersten Inverter elektrisch verbunden, und die zweite Batterieeinheit ist mit dem zweiten Inverter elektrisch verbunden. Ein solcher Multilevel-Converter wird auch als Dual-Two-Level-Inverter bezeichnet. Aufbau und Funktion eines Multilevel-Converters sind dem Fachmann bekannt und beispielsweise in dem Dokument
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst der Flüssigkeitskreislauf mindestens einen der Leistungselektronik zugeordneten Wärmetauscher, mittels welchem Wärme zwischen dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf und der Leistungselektronik austauschbar ist. Das bedeutet, dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf zu der Leistungselektronik übertragbar ist, und dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von der Leistungselektronik zu dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf übertragbar ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the liquid circuit comprises at least one heat exchanger assigned to the power electronics, by means of which heat can be exchanged between the liquid circuit and the power electronics. This means that heat can be transferred from the liquid circuit to the power electronics by means of said heat exchanger and that heat can be transferred from the power electronics to the liquid circuit by means of said heat exchanger.
Wenn die Leistungselektronik als Multilevel-Converter ausgestaltet ist und einen ersten Inverter und einen zweiten Inverter umfasst, so umfasst der Flüssigkeitskreislauf vorzugsweise einen dem besagten ersten Inverter zugeordneten Wärmetauscher und einen dem besagten zweiten Inverter zugeordneten Wärmetauscher.If the power electronics is designed as a multilevel converter and comprises a first inverter and a second inverter, the liquid circuit preferably comprises a heat exchanger assigned to said first inverter and a heat exchanger assigned to said second inverter.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst der Flüssigkeitskreislauf mindestens einen dem Traktionsmotor zugeordneten Wärmetauscher, mittels welchem Wärme zwischen dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf und dem Traktionsmotor austauschbar ist. Das bedeutet, dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf zu dem Traktionsmotor übertragbar ist, und dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von dem Traktionsmotor zu dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf übertragbar ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the liquid circuit comprises at least one heat exchanger assigned to the traction motor, by means of which heat can be exchanged between the liquid circuit and the traction motor. This means that heat can be transferred from the liquid circuit to the traction motor by means of said heat exchanger and that heat can be transferred from the traction motor to the liquid circuit by means of said heat exchanger.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst der Flüssigkeitskreislauf mindestens einen der ersten Batterieeinheit zugeordneten Wärmetauscher, mittels welchem Wärme zwischen dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf und der ersten Batterieeinheit austauschbar ist. Das bedeutet, dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf zu der ersten Batterieeinheit übertragbar ist, und dass mittels des besagten Wärmetauschers Wärme von der ersten Batterieeinheit zu dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf übertragbar ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the liquid circuit comprises at least one heat exchanger assigned to the first battery unit, by means of which heat can be exchanged between the liquid circuit and the first battery unit. This means that heat can be transferred from the liquid circuit to the first battery unit by means of said heat exchanger and that heat can be transferred from the first battery unit to the liquid circuit by means of said heat exchanger.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst der Flüssigkeitskreislauf mindestens einen Kühler, mittels welchem Wärme von dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf an die Umgebung abführbar ist. Das bedeutet, dass Wärme, die im Betrieb des Antriebssystems in der Leistungselektronik und/oder in dem Traktionsmotor und/oder in der ersten Batterieeinheit und/oder in der zweiten Batterieeinheit entsteht, mittels des besagten Kühler an die Umgebung abgeführt werden kann.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the liquid circuit comprises at least one cooler, by means of which heat can be removed from the liquid circuit to the surroundings. This means that heat generated in the operation of the drive system in the power electronics and / or in the traction motor and / or in the first battery unit and / or in the second battery unit can be dissipated to the environment by means of the said cooler.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist der Flüssigkeitskreislauf Steuermittel auf, welche derart angeordnet und ansteuerbar sind, dass, je nach Ansteuerung der besagten Steuermittel, Wärme von dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf zu der zweiten Batterieeinheit übertragbar ist, sowie, dass Wärme von der zweiten Batterieeinheit zu dem mindestens einen Kühler des Flüssigkeitskreislaufs übertragbar ist. Zu den besagten Steuermitteln gehören beispielsweise Ventile sowie Pumpen, welche an geeigneten Stellen des Flüssigkeitskreislaufs angeordnet sind.According to a further advantageous development of the invention, the liquid circuit has control means which are arranged and can be controlled such that, depending on the control of said control means, heat can be transferred from the liquid circuit to the second battery unit, and that heat can be transferred from the second battery unit to the at least one cooler of the liquid circuit is transferable. Said control means include, for example, valves and pumps which are arranged at suitable points in the liquid circuit.
Es wird auch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems vorgeschlagen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird insbesondere dann ausgeführt, wenn das Elektrofahrzeug für eine längere Zeitdauer, beispielsweise über Nacht, nicht benutzt wurde und die Batteriezellen der zweiten Batterieeinheit daher auf eine Temperatur unter 70°C abgekühlt sind. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst dabei mindestens die nachfolgend genannten Schritte. A method for operating a drive system according to the invention is also proposed. The method according to the invention is carried out in particular when the electric vehicle has not been used for a longer period of time, for example overnight, and the battery cells of the second battery unit have therefore cooled to a temperature below 70 ° C. The method according to the invention comprises at least the steps mentioned below.
Zunächst erfolgt ein Ansteuern der Leistungselektronik derart, dass ausschließlich die erste Batterieeinheit Energie zum Betrieb des Traktionsmotors liefert, während eine Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit eine Minimaltemperatur von beispielsweise 70°C unterschreitet. Die zweite Batterieeinheit bleibt also abgeschaltet, solange die Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit geringer ist als der Temperaturbereich, in welchem die zweite Batterieeinheit optimal betreibbar ist.The power electronics are first activated in such a way that only the first battery unit supplies energy for operating the traction motor, while a temperature of the second battery unit falls below a minimum temperature of, for example, 70 ° C. The second battery unit therefore remains switched off as long as the temperature of the second battery unit is lower than the temperature range in which the second battery unit can be optimally operated.
Während ausschließlich die erste Batterieeinheit Energie zum Betrieb des Traktionsmotors liefert, erfolgt ein Übertragen von Wärme, die in der Leistungselektronik und/oder in dem Traktionsmotor und/oder in der ersten Batterieeinheit entsteht, mittels des Flüssigkeitskreislaufs und des der zweiten Batterieeinheit zugeordneten Wärmetauschers an die zweite Batterieeinheit. Dadurch werden die Batteriezellen der zweiten Batterieeinheit erwärmt.While only the first battery unit supplies energy for operating the traction motor, heat that is generated in the power electronics and / or in the traction motor and / or in the first battery unit is transferred to the second by means of the liquid circuit and the heat exchanger assigned to the second battery unit Battery unit. As a result, the battery cells of the second battery unit are heated.
Anschließend erfolgt ein Ansteuern der Leistungselektronik derart, dass die zweite Batterieeinheit Energie zum Betrieb des Traktionsmotors liefert, wenn eine Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit die Minimaltemperatur von beispielsweise 70°C überschreitet. Die zweite Batterieeinheit wird also zugeschaltet, wenn die Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit in dem Temperaturbereich liegt, in welchem die zweite Batterieeinheit optimal betreibbar ist.The power electronics are then activated in such a way that the second battery unit supplies energy for operating the traction motor when a temperature of the second battery unit exceeds the minimum temperature of, for example, 70 ° C. The second battery unit is therefore switched on when the temperature of the second battery unit is in the temperature range in which the second battery unit can be optimally operated.
Solange die Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit in dem Temperaturbereich liegt, in welchem die zweite Batterieeinheit optimal betreibbar ist, können die zweite Batterieeinheit, die erste Batterieeinheit sowie beide Batterieeinheiten gleichzeitig zugeschaltet werden und Energie zum Betrieb des Traktionsmotors liefern, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von einem aktuell von dem Elektrofahrzeug benötigten Drehmoment.As long as the temperature of the second battery unit is in the temperature range in which the second battery unit can be optimally operated, the second battery unit, the first battery unit and both battery units can be switched on at the same time and deliver energy for operating the traction motor, in particular as a function of one currently Electric vehicle required torque.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung werden Steuermittel des Flüssigkeitskreislaufs derart angesteuert, dass Wärme von der zweiten Batterieeinheit zu mindestens einem Kühler des Flüssigkeitskreislaufs übertragen und an die Umgebung abgeführt wird, wenn eine Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit eine Maximaltemperatur von beispielsweise 90°C überschreitet. Dadurch werden die Batteriezellen der zweiten Batterieeinheit gekühlt, insbesondere solange, bis die Temperatur der zweiten Batterieeinheit wieder in dem Temperaturbereich liegt, in welchem die zweite Batterieeinheit optimal betreibbar ist.According to a preferred development of the invention, control means of the liquid circuit are controlled in such a way that heat is transferred from the second battery unit to at least one cooler of the liquid circuit and is dissipated to the environment when a temperature of the second battery unit exceeds a maximum temperature of, for example, 90 ° C. As a result, the battery cells of the second battery unit are cooled, in particular until the temperature of the second battery unit is again in the temperature range in which the second battery unit can be optimally operated.
Es wird auch ein Elektrofahrzeug vorgeschlagen, das ein erfindungsgemäßes Antriebssystem umfasst, welches mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren betrieben wird.An electric vehicle is also proposed which comprises a drive system according to the invention which is operated using the method according to the invention.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Durch die Verwendung von Mitteltemperaturbatteriezellen, die Festkörperelektrolyte aufweisen, in der zweiten Batterieeinheit des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems kann das Antriebssystem über eine hohe Energiedichte verfügen. Durch die Verwendung von Hochleistungsbatteriezellen, die beispielsweise flüssige Elektrolyte aufweisen, in der ersten Batterieeinheit des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems kann das Antriebssystem auch bei tiefen Temperaturen betrieben werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben des Antriebssystems gestattet dabei, die zweite Batterieeinheit möglichst schnell auf eine Betriebstemperatur zu bringen, bei welcher die zweite Batterieeinheit optimal betreibbar ist. Dabei wird die Verlustwärme, die beim Betreiben des Antriebssystems in den Komponenten des elektrischen Antriebsstrangs, insbesondere in der Leistungselektronik, in dem Traktionsmotor sowie in der ersten Batterieeinheit entsteht, vorteilhaft zur Erwärmung der zweiten Batterieeinheit genutzt. Zur Erwärmung der zweiten Batterieeinheit muss also keine in den Batterieeinheiten gespeicherte elektrische Energie an elektrische Heizwiderstände, beispielsweise in Form von Heizdrähten oder Heizmatten, abgegeben werden. Somit wird die Belastung der Batterieeinheiten reduziert. Zur Temperierung der beiden Batterieeinheiten ist nur ein einziger Flüssigkeitskreislauf erforderlich.By using medium-temperature battery cells which have solid-state electrolytes in the second battery unit of the drive system according to the invention, the drive system can have a high energy density. By using high-performance battery cells, which have liquid electrolytes, for example, in the first battery unit of the drive system according to the invention, the drive system can also be operated at low temperatures. The method according to the invention for operating the drive system allows the second battery unit to be brought as quickly as possible to an operating temperature at which the second battery unit can be operated optimally. The heat loss that arises when the drive system is operated in the components of the electric drive train, in particular in the power electronics, in the traction motor and in the first battery unit, is advantageously used to heat the second battery unit. To heat the second battery unit, therefore, no electrical energy stored in the battery units has to be delivered to electrical heating resistors, for example in the form of heating wires or heating mats. The load on the battery units is thus reduced. Only one liquid circuit is required to temper the two battery units.
FigurenlisteFigure list
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and the description below.
Es zeigen:
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1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Antriebssystems für ein Elektrofahrzeug.
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1 is a schematic representation of a drive system for an electric vehicle.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden gleiche oder ähnliche Elemente mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet, wobei auf eine wiederholte Beschreibung dieser Elemente in Einzelfällen verzichtet wird. Die Figuren stellen den Gegenstand der Erfindung nur schematisch dar.In the following description of the embodiments of the invention, the same or similar elements are designated with the same reference symbols, and a repeated description of these elements is dispensed with in individual cases. The Figures represent the subject matter of the invention only schematically.
Die erste Batterieeinheit
Die zweite Batterieeinheit
Die Leistungselektronik
Die Leistungselektronik
Das Antriebssystem
Der Flüssigkeitskreislauf
Der Flüssigkeitskreislauf
Der Flüssigkeitskreislauf
Wenn das erste Ventil
Wenn das zweite Ventil
Wenn das dritte Ventil
Wenn das erste Ventil
Wenn das erste Ventil
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele und die darin hervorgehobenen Aspekte beschränkt. Vielmehr ist innerhalb des durch die Ansprüche angegebenen Bereichs eine Vielzahl von Abwandlungen möglich, die im Rahmen fachmännischen Handelns liegen.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described here and the aspects emphasized therein. Rather, a large number of modifications are possible within the scope specified by the claims, which lie within the framework of professional action.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
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- US 2011144861 A1 [0007]US 2011144861 A1 [0007]
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DE102012205095A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | A method for heating energy storage cells of an energy storage device and heatable energy storage device |
DE102013208556A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for heating an energy storage device and energy storage device |
DE102016015295A1 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Daimler Ag | Storage device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a hybrid or for an electric vehicle |
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DE102021203125A1 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-05 | Mahle International Gmbh | Electrically powered motor vehicle |
US11807069B2 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-11-07 | Mahle International Gmbh | Electrically driven motor vehicle |
DE102021100489A1 (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-14 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Device for driving a motor vehicle and associated method |
WO2022152545A1 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-21 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Apparatus for driving a motor vehicle, and associated method |
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