DE102018218577A1 - Method for adapting charging states of a plurality of electrochemical energy stores which can be connected in parallel - Google Patents
Method for adapting charging states of a plurality of electrochemical energy stores which can be connected in parallel Download PDFInfo
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- DE102018218577A1 DE102018218577A1 DE102018218577.8A DE102018218577A DE102018218577A1 DE 102018218577 A1 DE102018218577 A1 DE 102018218577A1 DE 102018218577 A DE102018218577 A DE 102018218577A DE 102018218577 A1 DE102018218577 A1 DE 102018218577A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
- H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/12—Buck converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zum Anpassen von Ladezuständen einer Mehrzahl von parallel schaltbaren elektrochemischen Energiespeichern eines elektrisch antreibbaren Fahrzeugs mit mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine und mindestens einem Gleichspannungswandler.Method for adapting charging states of a plurality of electrochemical energy stores of an electrically drivable vehicle which can be connected in parallel and having at least one electrical machine and at least one DC voltage converter.
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zum Anpassen von Ladezuständen einer Mehrzahl von parallel schaltbaren elektrochemischen Energiespeichern eines elektrisch antreibbaren Fahrzeugs mit mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine und mindestens einem Gleichspannungswandler, wobei eine erste Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern mit einem ersten Anschluss des Gleichspannungswandlers und eine zweite Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern mit einem zweiten Anschluss des Gleichspannungswandlers elektrisch verbunden sind, einem elektrochemischen Energiespeichersystem sowie einer Verwendung des elektrochemischen Batteriesystems und des Verfahrens gemäß dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention is based on a method for adapting the charging states of a plurality of electrochemical energy stores of an electrically drivable vehicle which can be connected in parallel and having at least one electrical machine and at least one DC voltage converter, a first group of electrochemical energy stores having a first connection of the DC voltage converter and a second group of electrochemical energy stores are electrically connected to a second connection of the DC-DC converter, an electrochemical energy storage system and a use of the electrochemical battery system and the method according to the preamble of the independent claims.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
In Kraftfahrzeugen, die batterieelektrisch betrieben werden, ist der Batteriepack meist so aufgebaut, dass er aus mehreren in Serie verschalteten Batteriemodulen besteht, welche wiederum aus Batteriezellen aufgebaut sind. Bei kleinen Elektrofahrzeugen oder Elektrorollern liegt die Betriebsspannung üblicherweise im Niedervoltbereich zwischen 48 und 60 Volt und der Batteriepack umfasst mehrere parallel verschaltete Batteriemodule. Die Batteriemodule sind dabei fest miteinander verbunden und können auch nur gemeinsam entladen und geladen werden. In den heutigen elektrisch angetriebenen Kleinfahrzeugen sind die Batteriemodule fest miteinander verbunden. Ein Laden einzelner Batteriemodule beispielsweise am hauseigenen Stromnetz ist damit nicht möglich.In motor vehicles that are operated battery-electrically, the battery pack is usually constructed in such a way that it consists of several battery modules connected in series, which in turn are made up of battery cells. In the case of small electric vehicles or electric scooters, the operating voltage is usually in the low-voltage range between 48 and 60 volts and the battery pack comprises several battery modules connected in parallel. The battery modules are firmly connected to each other and can only be discharged and charged together. In today's small electric vehicles, the battery modules are firmly connected. It is therefore not possible to charge individual battery modules, for example on the in-house power grid.
Ein Herausnehmen von Batteriemodulen, welche sich an einer vorgegebenen Stelle im Batterieverbund befinden, soll für den Fahrer möglich sein. Eine elektronische Schaltung gemäß dem Stand der Technik ist nicht der Lage, alle Batteriemodule so miteinander zu verbinden, dass sie die maximal mögliche Leistung vom Start des Fahrzeugs an zur Verfügung stellen kann. Weiter kann ein einfaches Zusammenschalten von parallel verschalteten Batteriemodulen unterschiedlicher Ladezustände und unterschiedlicher Spannung zu hohen Ausgleichsströmen führen, welche die Batteriezellen zerstört.The driver should be able to remove battery modules that are located at a predetermined location in the battery system. An electronic circuit according to the prior art is not able to connect all battery modules to one another in such a way that it can provide the maximum possible power from the start of the vehicle. Furthermore, a simple interconnection of battery modules of different charge states and different voltages connected in parallel can lead to high compensation currents which destroy the battery cells.
Die Druckschrift
Die Druckschrift
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, den Stand der Technik weiter zu verbessern. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche.It is an object of the present invention to further improve the prior art. This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorgehensweise mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche weist demgegenüber vorteilhafterweise die Schritte auf:
- a) Ermitteln einer Betriebsart der elektrischen Maschine;
- b) Ermitteln eines ersten Ladezustands der ersten Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern;
- c) Ermitteln eines zweiten Ladezustands einer zweiten Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern;
- d1) Durchführen der Schritte, wenn die elektrische Maschine in einer ersten Betriebsart, insbesondere einem Stillstand, betrieben wird:
- d1.a) Betreiben des Gleichspannungswandlers als Tiefsetzsteller, wenn der erste Ladezustand größer als der zweite Ladezustand ist, wodurch Energie aus der ersten Gruppe in die zweite Gruppe übertragen wird;
- d1.b) Betreiben des Gleichspannungswandlers als Hochsetzsteller, wenn der erste Ladezustand zwischen einem vorgegebenen minimalen Ladezustand und dem zweiten Ladezustand liegt,
- d2) Durchführen der Schritte, wenn die elektrische Maschine in einer zweiten Betriebsart, insbesondere einem Motorbetrieb, betrieben wird:
- d2.a) Betreiben des Gleichspannungswandlers als Tiefsetzsteller, wenn eine Leistungsanforderung der elektrischen Maschine größer als eine durch die zweite Gruppe bereitstellbare Leistung ist oder im Wesentlichen einer durch die erste Gruppe bereitstellbaren Leistung entspricht oder kleiner als eine bereitstellbare Leistung der ersten Gruppe ist und der erste Ladezustand größer als der zweite Ladezustand ist, wodurch der erste Ladezustand stärker als der zweite Ladezustand abnimmt und diesem angeglichen wird; oder
- d2.b) Betreiben des Gleichspannungswandlers als Hochsetzsteller, wenn eine Leistungsanforderung der elektrischen Maschine größer als eine durch die zweite Gruppe bereitstellbare Leistung ist oder im Wesentlichen einer durch die erste Gruppe bereitstellbaren Leistung entspricht oder kleiner als eine bereitstellbare Leistung der ersten Gruppe ist und der erste Ladezustand zwischen einem vorgegebenen minimalen Ladezustand und dem zweiten Ladezustand liegt, wodurch der erste Ladezustand dem minimalen Ladezustand angeglichen wird; oder
- d3) Durchführen der Schritte, wenn die elektrische Maschine in einer dritten Betriebsart, insbesondere einem Generatorbetrieb, betrieben wird:
- d3.a) Betreiben des Gleichspannungswandlers als Tiefsetzsteller, wenn der zweite Ladezustand kleiner als ein vorgegebener maximaler Ladezustand ist, wodurch die zweite Gruppe aus der elektrischen Maschine gespeist wird; oder
- d3.b) Betreiben des Gleichspannungswandlers als Hochsetzsteller, wenn der zweite Ladezustand im Wesentlichen dem vorgegebenen maximalen Ladezustand entspricht, wodurch die erste Gruppe aus der elektrischen Maschine gespeist wird.
- a) determining an operating mode of the electrical machine;
- b) determining a first state of charge of the first group of electrochemical energy stores;
- c) determining a second state of charge of a second group of electrochemical energy stores;
- d1) performing the steps when the electrical machine is operated in a first operating mode, in particular when it is at a standstill:
- d1.a) operating the DC-DC converter as a buck converter if the first state of charge is greater than the second state of charge, whereby energy is transferred from the first group to the second group;
- d1.b) operating the DC-DC converter as a step-up converter if the first state of charge is between a predetermined minimum state of charge and the second state of charge,
- d2) performing the steps when the electrical machine is operated in a second operating mode, in particular motor operation:
- d2.a) operating the DC / DC converter as a buck converter if a power requirement of the electrical machine is greater than a power that can be provided by the second group or essentially corresponds to a power that can be provided by the first group or is less than an available power of the first group and the first state of charge is greater than the second state of charge, whereby the first state of charge decreases more than the second state of charge and is adapted to this; or
- d2.b) operating the DC-DC converter as a step-up converter if a power requirement of the electrical machine is greater than a power that can be provided by the second group or essentially corresponds to a power that can be provided by the first group or is smaller than a power that can be provided by the first group and the first State of charge is between a predetermined minimum state of charge and the second state of charge, whereby the first state of charge is adjusted to the minimum state of charge; or
- d3) performing the steps when the electric machine is operated in a third operating mode, in particular a generator mode:
- d3.a) operating the DC-DC converter as a buck converter if the second state of charge is less than a predetermined maximum state of charge, as a result of which the second group is fed from the electrical machine; or
- d3.b) operating the DC-DC converter as a step-up converter if the second state of charge essentially corresponds to the predetermined maximum state of charge, as a result of which the first group is fed from the electrical machine.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Erzeugen eines akustischen, optischen und/oder haptischen Signals umfassend einen aktuellen Ladezustand der elektrochemischen Energiespeicher. Dadurch kann vorteilhafterweise ein Fahrer des Fahrzeugs über den aktuellen Ladezustand der elektrochemischen Energiespeicher informiert werden.Generating an acoustic, optical and / or haptic signal comprising a current state of charge of the electrochemical energy store. This advantageously enables a driver of the vehicle to be informed about the current state of charge of the electrochemical energy store.
Der erste Ladezustand der ersten Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern mittels einer gemessenen elektrischen Spannung der ersten Gruppe und/oder der zweite Ladezustand der zweiten Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern wird mittels einer gemessenen elektrischen Spannung der zweiten Gruppe ermittelt. Dadurch können die Ladezustände mittels vorhandener Sensoren ermittelt werden, wodurch kein zusätzlicher Bauraum notwendig ist.The first state of charge of the first group of electrochemical energy stores by means of a measured electrical voltage of the first group and / or the second state of charge of the second group of electrochemical energy stores is determined by means of a measured electrical voltage of the second group. This enables the charge status to be determined using existing sensors, which means that no additional installation space is required.
Das erfindungsgemäße elektrochemische Energiespeichersystem umfasst eine Mehrzahl von parallel schaltbaren elektrochemischen Energiespeichern sowie ein Steuergerät zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wobei einzelne elektrochemische Energiespeicher unabhängig voneinander auswechselbar sind und eine erste Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern mit einer zweiten Gruppe von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern mittels eines Gleichspannungswandlers elektrisch parallel verschaltbar sind.The electrochemical energy storage system according to the invention comprises a plurality of electrochemical energy stores which can be connected in parallel and a control device for carrying out a method according to the invention, wherein individual electrochemical energy stores can be replaced independently of one another and a first group of electrochemical energy stores can be connected in parallel with a second group of electrochemical energy stores by means of a DC voltage converter .
Dadurch können elektrochemische Energiespeicher, welche sich beispielsweise zu den restlichen elektrochemischen Energiespeichern auf unterschiedlichen Ladezuständen (SOC) befinden, zusammengeschaltet werden und eine geforderte Leistung bereitstellen. Weiter erwärmen sich die elektrochemischen Energiespeicher durch eine Stromaufteilung auf eine Mehrzahl von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern nicht so schnell, was wiederum zu einer längeren Betriebsdauer führt. Dadurch kann eine höhere Reichweite von Elektrofahrzeugen erreicht werden.As a result, electrochemical energy stores, which are located, for example, in different charge states (SOC) with respect to the remaining electrochemical energy stores, can be interconnected and provide the required power. Furthermore, the electrochemical energy stores do not heat up as quickly as a result of a current distribution over a plurality of electrochemical energy stores, which in turn leads to a longer operating time. As a result, a greater range of electric vehicles can be achieved.
Die einzelnen elektrochemischen Energiespeicher sind unabhängig voneinander der jeweiligen ersten oder zweiten Gruppe zuschaltbar. Dadurch kann in einem Fehlerfall eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers dieser vom restlichen Stromkreis weggeschaltet werden. Weiter ist das elektrochemische Energiespeichersystem für einen rotierenden Einbau von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern geeignet, insbesondere für elektrochemische Energiespeicher mit unterschiedlichen Alterungsstufen.The individual electrochemical energy stores can be switched on independently of the respective first or second group. In the event of a fault in an electrochemical energy store, this can be disconnected from the rest of the circuit. Furthermore, the electrochemical energy storage system is suitable for rotating installation of electrochemical energy stores, in particular for electrochemical energy stores with different aging levels.
Der Gleichspannungswandler ist ein Abwärts- und Aufwärtswandler, insbesondere ein bidirektionaler Ab- und Aufwärtswandler. Dadurch kann ein elektrochemisches Energiespeichersystem leicht an verschiedene Bauvarianten mit einer unterschiedlichen Anzahl von elektrochemischen Energiespeichern angepasst werden.The DC-DC converter is a step-down and step-up converter, in particular a bidirectional step-down and step-up converter. As a result, an electrochemical energy storage system can easily be adapted to different construction variants with a different number of electrochemical energy stores.
Das elektrochemische Energiespeichersystem ist mit einem Inverter zum Ansteuern einer elektrischen Maschine elektrisch verbindbar.The electrochemical energy storage system can be electrically connected to an inverter for controlling an electrical machine.
Vorteilhafterweise findet das erfindungsgemäße elektrochemische Batteriesystem und/oder das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren Verwendung für Elektrofahrzeuge, Hybridfahrzeuge, Plug-In-Hybridfahrzeuge, Luftfahrzeuge, Pedelecs oder E-Bikes, elektrisch angetriebene Arbeitsmaschinen, für portable Einrichtungen zur Telekommunikation oder Datenverarbeitung, für elektrische Handwerkzeuge oder Küchenmaschinen, sowie in stationären Speichern zur Speicherung insbesondere regenerativ gewonnener elektrischer Energie.The electrochemical battery system according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention is advantageously used for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, aircraft, pedelecs or e-bikes, electrically driven work machines, for portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, for electrical hand tools or kitchen machines, as well as in stationary storage for storing in particular regenerative electrical energy.
Figurenliste Figure list
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstände werden durch die Zeichnungen veranschaulicht und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass die Zeichnungen nur beschreibenden Charakter haben und nicht dazu gedacht sind, die Erfindung in irgendeiner Form einzuschränken. Ferner können die im Folgenden beschriebenen Merkmale einzeln oder in einer beliebigen Kombination einen Gegenstand der Erfindung darstellen, wenn sich aus dem Kontext nicht explizit das Gegenteil ergibt.Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the objects according to the invention are illustrated by the drawings and explained in the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are only descriptive and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Furthermore, the features described below, individually or in any combination, can constitute an object of the invention if the context does not explicitly state the opposite.
Es zeigen:
-
1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen elektrochemischen Energiespeichersystems; und -
2 eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Angleichen von Ladezuständen; -
3 eine erste schematische Darstellung eines Verlaufs von Ladezuständen; -
4 eine zweite schematische Darstellung eines Verlaufs von Ladezuständen.
-
1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of the electrochemical energy storage system according to the invention; and -
2nd a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for matching charge states; -
3rd a first schematic representation of a course of charge states; -
4th a second schematic representation of a course of charge states.
Detaillierte Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDetailed description of the exemplary embodiments
Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen in allen Figuren gleiche Vorrichtungskomponenten.The same reference numerals designate the same device components in all figures.
Die erste Gruppe
Eine Energieübertragung hängt ab von einem Energieüberschuss der ersten Gruppe
Einzelne elektrochemische Energiespeicher
Die elektrochemischen Energiespeichern
Die zweite Gruppe
In Schritt
In Schritt
In Schritt
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nicht auf die dargestellte Reihenfolge der Ausführungsform beschränkt. Vielmehr können die Schritte
Wird in Schritt
Wird in Schritt
In Schritt
In Schritt
Wird in Schritt
Zwischen einem Zeitpunkt
Zu dem Zeitpunkt
Zu einem Zeitpunkt
Zu einem Zeitpunkt
Die erste Gruppe
Zu dem Zeitpunkt
Ist eine geforderte Leistung PEM der elektrischen Maschine
Entspricht die geforderte Leistung PEM der elektrischen Maschine
Ist die geforderte Leistung PEM der elektrischen Maschine
Zu einem Zeitpunkt
Werden die elektrochemischen Energiespeicher
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturPatent literature cited
- JP 2014/147197 A1 [0004]JP 2014/147197 A1 [0004]
- US 2010181829 [0005]US 2010181829 [0005]
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