DE102018216437A1 - Electrical arrangement for power supply and electrical system with an arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an electrical arrangement (AO) for the power supply for a vehicle electrical system (BN) of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle, comprising: - a battery system (BS) having a plurality M of battery cells for providing a high-voltage (UH) between two first electrical connections (A11, A12) comprising a battery system section (BA) for providing a low voltage (UL) between two second power connections (A13, A14) of the battery system section (BA) comprising a number N of the battery cells connected between the two second power connections (A13, A14) are electrically connected, wherein: M> N; - a first, controllable electrical switching device (S1), which is electrically connected via two first current input terminals (A21, A22) to the two second current terminals (A13, A14); the first switching device (S1) further comprises two first current output terminals (A23, A24) and is configured to have a first low-voltage current Switch (L1) via the two first current output terminals (A23, A24) to the battery system section (BA) switchable electrically connect.

Description

Technical area:

The present invention relates to an electrical arrangement for the power supply for a vehicle electrical system of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle and an electrical system of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle with a said arrangement.

State of the art and object of the invention:

Hybrid electric / electric vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles, in addition to high-voltage voltenergy storage in the form of high-voltage battery systems still low-energy storage in the form of low-voltage battery systems. The high-voltage Voltenergiespeicher serve to supply power for high-voltage power consumers in on-board networks of vehicles such. B. electrical machinery for driving the vehicles.

Analog serve the Niedervoltenergiespeicher for power supply for low-voltage electricity consumers in on-board networks of vehicles such. B. radios or electric windows. Esp. serve the Niedervoltenergiespeicher as an emergency power supply in the event of an accident in the hybrid electric / electric vehicles for their safety-related electrical systems, such. As the power windows.

In hybrid electric / electric vehicles, there is a general requirement to manufacture them in a weight-saving and cost-effective manner.

Thus, the object of the present application is to provide a way to produce a vehicle electrical system of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle and thus a hybrid electric / electric vehicle weight-saving and cost.

Description of the invention:

This object is solved by subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, an electrical arrangement for supplying power to an electrical system of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle, in particular a fuel cell vehicle, is provided.

The arrangement includes a battery system for providing a high voltage voltage applied between two first power terminals of the battery system. The battery system has a plurality M of battery cells that are electrically connected between the first two power terminals of the battery system. The battery system further includes (among others) a battery system section for providing a low voltage voltage applied between two second power terminals of the battery system section. The battery system section has a number N of the battery cells of the battery system, which are electrically connected between the two second power terminals of the battery system section. Where M> N.

The arrangement further comprises a first, controllable electrical switching device. The first switching device has two first current input terminals and is electrically connected via the two first current input terminals on the power input side between the two second power terminals of the battery system section (or of the battery system). The first switching device further has two first current output terminals and is further configured to switchably connect a first low-voltage current consumer of the vehicle electrical system via the two first current output connections to the battery system section or the two first electrical connections of the battery system section.

The battery system provides as a high-voltage energy storage required for the operation of the high-voltage power consumers of the electrical system high-voltage.

The battery system section in turn provides, as a low-energy storage device, the low-voltage required for the operation of the low-voltage current consumers of the electrical system.

In this case, the first, controllable electrical switching device ensures the electrical connection between the battery system section and the low-voltage current consumers.

As a result, the battery system can provide the power supply both for the high-voltage current consumers and for the low-voltage current consumers via simple means such as the first switching device. This is no additional low-energy storage. This in turn saves weight and production costs.

This provides a possibility with which a vehicle electrical system of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle and thus also a hybrid electric / electric vehicle can be produced in a weight-saving and cost-effective manner.

The battery cells of the battery system or the battery system section can be connected to each other in series. Alternatively, the battery cells can be divided into blocks in which the respective battery cells can be electrically connected to each other in parallel. This Battery cell blocks may then be electrically connected to each other in series in the battery system and the battery system section, respectively.

For example. the arrangement further comprises a sensor device for detecting an accident of the hybrid electric / electric vehicle, which is signal-technologically connected via a control signal output to a control signal input of the first switching device (for the activation thereof). The sensor device is set up, in the event of an accident of the hybrid electric / electric vehicle, to control the first switching device by emitting a control signal via the control signal output such that the first switching device establishes a power connection from the battery system section to the first low-voltage power consumer or an existing power connection from the battery system section to the first low-voltage power consumer.

For example. the first switching device is a first DC-DC converter or a part thereof. In this case, the arrangement has, for example, the corresponding first DC-DC converter.

For example. For example, the high voltage voltage provided by the battery system has a rated voltage of greater than or well over 60 volts, such as, for example. B. at about 400 volts, on.

For example. For example, the low voltage provided by the battery system section has a rated voltage of less than or well below 60 volts, such as, for example. B. at about 12 volts, on.

For example. the arrangement further comprises a first diode, which is electrically connected via its (first) anode terminal to a first, positive voltage side current output terminal of the first switching device and is electrically connectable via its (first) cathode terminal to the first low-voltage current consumer.

For example. the arrangement further comprises a second, controllable electrical switching device having two second power input terminals and electrically connected thereto at the two first power terminals of the battery system. The second switching device further comprises two second current output terminals and is adapted to a high-voltage current consumer of the electrical system, such. B. an electrical machine of the electrical system for driving the hybrid electric / electric vehicle, via the two second current output terminals to the battery system switchable to electrically connect.

For example. the sensor device is further connected via the control signal output with a control signal input of the second switching device (to their control) and further configured to control the second switching device in the case of accident by means of delivery of the control signal via the control signal output such that the second switching device is a power connection of the Battery system to the high-voltage electricity consumer, or the electric machine interrupts.

For example. the second switching device is a second DC-DC converter or a part thereof, or an inverter or a part thereof. In this case, the arrangement has, for example, the corresponding second DC-DC converter or the corresponding inverter.

For example. The arrangement further comprises a third controllable electrical switching device having two third power input terminals and electrically connected thereto at the two first power terminals of the battery system. The third switching device further has two third current output terminals and is adapted to switchably connect the first low-voltage current consumer and a second low-voltage current consumer of the vehicle electrical system via the two third current output connections to the battery system.

For example. the sensor device is further signaled by the control signal output to a control signal input of the third switching device (to control them) and further configured to control the third switching device by means of delivery of the control signal via the control signal output in the event of the accident of the hybrid electric / electric vehicle, that the third Switching device breaks power connections from the battery system to the first and second low-voltage power consumers.

For example. the second switching device is a third DC-DC converter or a part thereof. In this case, the arrangement has, for example, the corresponding third DC-DC converter.

For example. the arrangement further comprises a second diode which is electrically connected via its (second) anode terminal to a third, positive voltage side current output terminal of the third switching device and is electrically connectable via its (second) cathode terminal to the first low-voltage current consumer.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a vehicle electrical system for a hybrid electric / electric vehicle is provided.

The electrical system has a previously described arrangement and a previously mentioned, first Low-voltage power consumers on. In this case, the first low-voltage current consumer is electrically connected to the first current output terminals of the first switching device of the arrangement. As a result, the first low-voltage current consumer is electrically connected via the first switching device to the battery system section.

Advantageous embodiments of the arrangement described above are, as far as the rest, transferable to the above-mentioned electrical system, to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the electrical system.

Description of the drawing:

In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is explained in more detail. The sole figure in a schematic circuit topology shows a vehicle electrical system BN (or a part thereof) of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle with an electrical arrangement AO for the power supply for the electrical system BN according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention.

The electrical system BN points next to the arrangement AO one or more high-voltage power consumers, such. B. an electric machine EM for driving the hybrid electric / electric vehicle, and one or more low-voltage power consumers L1 . L2 on.

Low-voltage power consumers include safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers, such. As electric windows for opening the windows, transmitting units for issuing emergency calls or hazard warning lights that serve personal safety even after an accident of the vehicle (in English called "post-crash safety units"). For a simple description, the safety-relevant low-voltage current consumers become a first low-voltage current consumer L1 summarized. Low-voltage power consumers include low-voltage power consumers, such. B. Radio, which are not security relevant. Analogously, the non-safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers subsequently become a second low-voltage power consumer L2 summarized.

The order AO includes a battery system BS with a majority M of battery cells BZ grouped into battery cell blocks, wherein the battery cell blocks are connected in series between two power terminals A11 . A12 the battery system BS are electrically connected. The battery system BS puts a high voltage UH in the amount of, for example, about 400 volts ready between the two power outlets A11 . A12 is present and the electrical system BN is available.

The battery system BS includes, among other things, a battery system section BA that is part of the battery system BS or a number N from the battery cells BZ of the battery system BS or some of the battery cell blocks. Where: M> N.

The battery system section BA has two second power connections A13 . A14 on, between which the N battery cells BZ or the some battery cell blocks are electrically connected.

Includes the N battery cells BZ of the battery system section BA also the battery cell BZ of the battery system BS , which are directly connected to a first, negative-voltage-side power connection A12 is electrically connected, this is the first, negative voltage side power connection A12 and also a second negative voltage side power connection A14 of the battery system section BA , The battery system section BA provides a low voltage UL in the amount of, for example, about 12 volts ready between the two second power connections A13 . A14 is present and the electrical system BN is available.

The order AO further includes a first controllable electrical switching device S1 on, the two first power input connections A21 . A22 has and the power input side via the two first power input terminals A21 . A22 on the battery system section BA or at its power connections A13 . A14 electrically connected. The first switching device S1 also has two first current output terminals A23 . A24 on and over these two first current output terminals A23 . A24 at the first low-voltage power consumer L1 electrically connected. In this case, the arrangement AO a first diode D1 on that over her anode lock AN1 at a positive side of the first current output terminals A23 and over its cathode connection KT1 at a positive voltage side power connection of the first low-voltage power consumer L1 electrically connected.

Optionally, the arrangement AO a first DC-DC converter LV1 have, wherein the first switching device S1 Part of the first DC-DC converter LV1 can be. About the first DC-DC converter LV1 regulates the arrangement AO the low voltage UL to a 12 volt operating voltage UB which ensures optimum operation of the first low-voltage power consumer L1 is required. Intern has the first switching device S1 or the first DC-DC converter LV1 a galvanic isolation between the first current input terminals A21 . A22 on the one hand and the first current output connections A23 . A24 ,

The order AO further includes a second controllable electrical switching device S2 on the two second power input terminals A31 . A32 has and the power input side via the two second power input terminals A31 . A32 on the battery system BS or at the two first power connections A11 . A12 electrically connected.

The order AO also has an inverter WR on, the two power input connections A51 . A52 and via these two power input terminals A51 . A52 at the two second current input terminals A31 . A32 electrically connected. Current output side is the inverter WR over three phase lines PL on the electric machine EM or electrically connected to the phase windings. About the inverter WR converts the arrangement AO that of the battery system BS provided high-voltage current in three-phase AC power and provides the three-phase current for operation of the electric machine EM ready. Optionally, the second switching device S2 Part of the inverter WR his.

The order AO further includes a third controllable electrical switching device S3 on, the two third power input connections A41 . A42 has and the power input side via the two third power input terminals A41 . A42 on the battery system BS or at the two first power connections A11 . A12 electrically connected.

The order AO further includes a second DC-DC converter GW2 on, the two power input connections A61 . A62 and via the two power input terminals A61 . A62 current input side to two third current output terminals A43 . A44 the third switching device S3 electrically connected. The second DC-DC converter GW2 also has two power output terminals A63 . A64 on and is via these two power output terminals A63 . A64 current output side to the first and the second low-voltage power consumers L1 . L2 electrically connected. The second DC-DC converter GW2 is set up via the third switching device S3 connected to the power input terminals A61 . A62 high voltage voltage applied UH in the aforementioned 12 volt operating voltage UB for optimum operation of the first and second low-voltage power consumers L1 . L2 is required. Optionally, the third switching device S3 Part of the second DC-DC converter GW2 his.

The order AO also has a second diode D2 on that over her anode lock AN2 at a positive voltage side power output terminal A63 of the second DC-DC converter GW2 and thus via the second DC-DC converter GW2 is connected to an electrical. and over its cathode connection KT1 at a positive voltage side power connection of the first low-voltage power consumer L1 electrically connected.

The two diodes D1 . D2 prevent backflows of the low-voltage currents from the first switching device S1 in the third switching device S3 or vice versa and thus back to the battery cells of the battery system BS ,

Optional is the battery system BS in two battery cell groups BG1 . BG2 split, the one another via a fourth, controllable switching arrangement S4 switchable connected in series. The division into battery cell groups are used BG1 . BG2 and the switchable electrical connection of the battery cell groups BG1 . BG2 via the fourth, controllable switching arrangement S4 as a protective measure of the battery system BS before total damage, for example, in the event that one of the two battery cell groups BG1 . BG2 is damaged. In this case, there is the previously described battery section BA exclusively in one of the battery cell groups BG1 . BG2 ,

The order AO also has a sensor device US for detecting an accident of the hybrid electric / electric vehicle of known type, the signal output side via a control signal output SA each with a control signal input SE1 . SE2 . SE3 . SE4 the respective, previously described switching arrangement S1 . S2 . S3 respectively. S4 is technically connected.

After the circuit topology of the arrangement AO has been described in detail, its operation is described in more detail below:

In an accident-free normal operation controls the sensor device US the second, third and fourth switching devices S2 . S3 . S4 such that these switching devices S2 . S3 . S4 are turned on and closed, and thus power connections from the battery system BS to the high-voltage and low-voltage power consumers EM . L1 . L2 produce. In addition, the sensor device controls US the first switching device S1 such that it is switched off or opened in this normal operation and thus the power connection from the battery section BA to the first low-voltage consumer L1 interrupts. In this case, the power consumers, including the first, safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers EM . L1 . L2 from the entire battery system BS powered. The second DC-DC converter GW2 converts the high voltage voltage UH in the low voltage UL or the operating voltage UB the low-voltage power consumer L1 . L2 around.

Optionally, the first switching device S1 for the redundant supply of low-voltage power consumers L1 . L2 be turned on.

If an accident occurs, the sensor device recognizes US in a manner known to those skilled in the accident and sends via the control signal output SA a control signal to the first switching device S1 and causes the first switching device S1 is switched on or closed. At the same time the sensor device sends US another control signal to the second and the third switching device S2 and S3 and causes the two switching devices S2 and S3 be switched off or opened.

In the open switching state, the second and the third switching device interrupt S2 and S3 the power connections from the battery system BS to the high-voltage and low-voltage power consumers EM . L1 . L2 So that the battery system BS as a whole of the electrical system BN is electrically disconnected. Both the life-threatening high-voltage current connection via the second switching device S2 as well as the low voltage power connection via the third switching device S3 , over which a low-voltage current with a high amperage and thus a high energy content flows, from the rest of the electrical system BN electrically isolated.

This is next to the high-voltage energy storage (ie the battery system BS over the second switching device S2 ) also the low energy energy storage (ie the battery system BS over the third switching device S3 ) with the high energy content and a low internal resistance of the electrical system BN electrically isolated, the uncontrollable dangerous temperature rise in or on the electrical system BN esp. in the battery system BS can trigger.

The separation of the above two energy storage is used to protect people from the high voltage and to avoid sparks, fire or other thermal effects due to uncontrolled electrical discharge of energy storage after the accident.

In the closed switching state, the first switching device S1 turn the power connection from the battery section BA to the first, safety-relevant low-voltage power consumer L1 so that the first, safety-relevant low-voltage consumer L1 even with the electrically isolated battery system BS (as a whole) can be supplied with sufficient power (in English called "post-crash power supply"). At this time, the number N of the battery cells of the battery section becomes BA selected so that on the one hand the battery section BA over a predetermined sufficiently long period of time, the power supply for the first, safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers L1 On the other hand, the existing in these battery cells electrical energy is not sufficient to cause uncontrollable sparking, fire or other thermal effects due to uncontrolled electrical discharge of the battery cells.

The fact that no additional low-energy storage is required, the arrangement AO Total weight and space savings are produced inexpensively. The after disconnecting the battery system BS or the high-voltage energy storage required for the operation of the safety-relevant low-voltage electricity consumer electrical energy is (exclusively) from the battery section BA provided, the part of the whole (and only) battery system BS is.

As the overall performance of safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers L1 is comparatively low, the battery section BA also correspondingly with a low output power and thus with a small number N the battery cells are dimensioned.

• - Dank der direkten Stromverbindung von der Stromeingangsseite (den ersten Stromeingangsanschlüssen A21, A22) der ersten Schaltvorrichtung S1 zu dem Batterieabschnitt BA werden keine hochsperrenden Bauteile auf der Stromeingangsseite für die Notstromversorgung der sicherheitsrelevanten Niedervoltstromverbraucher L1 benötigt;
• - Die Ausgangsspannung des Batterieabschnitts BA, also die Niedervoltspannung UL kann je nach Bedarf durch die entsprechende Anzahl N der Batteriezellen im Batterieabschnitt BA an die erforderliche Betriebsspannung UB der zu versorgenden sicherheitsrelevanten Niedervoltstromverbraucher L1 angepasst werden;
• - Der Stromversorgungskreis für die sicherheitsrelevanten Niedervoltstromverbraucher L1 kann unabhängig von der Gesamtanzahl M der Batteriezellen des Batteriesystems BS ausgestaltet werden. D. h. eine Anpassung an die Ausgangsspannung bzw. die Hochvoltspannung UH des Batteriesystems BS ist nicht erforderlich;

The solution described above has, among other things, the following advantages:

• - Thanks to the direct power connection from the power input side (the first power input connections A21 . A22 ) of the first switching device S1 to the battery section BA are no high-blocking components on the power input side for the emergency power supply of safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers L1 required;
• - The output voltage of the battery section BA So the low voltage UL can according to need by the appropriate number N the battery cells in the battery section BA to the required operating voltage UB the safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers to be supplied L1 be adjusted;
• - The power supply circuit for the safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers L1 can be independent of the total number M the battery cells of the battery system BS be designed. Ie. an adaptation to the output voltage or the high voltage UH of the battery system BS not necessary;

The battery section BA has a relatively low output power, so that the power supply circuit for the safety-relevant low-voltage power consumers L1 no additional safety circuit elements, such. B. shunt or temperature sensor needed.

Claims (14)

Electrical arrangement (AO) for the power supply for a vehicle electrical system (BN) of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle, comprising: a battery system (BS) having a plurality M of battery cells for providing a high voltage (UH) between two first power terminals (A11, A12) having a battery system section (BA) for providing a low voltage (UL) between two second power terminals (A13, A14 ) of the battery system section (BA) comprising a number N of the battery cells electrically connected between the two second power terminals (A13, A14), wherein: M> N; - A first controllable electrical switching device (S1), which is electrically connected via two first current input terminals (A21, A22) at the two second power terminals (A13, A14); - wherein the first switching device (S1) further comprises two first current output terminals (A23, A24) and is arranged to switchably connect a first low-voltage power consumer (L1) via the two first current output terminals (A23, A24) to the battery system section (BA). Arrangement (AO) after Claim 1 , further comprising: - a sensor device (US) for detecting an accident of the hybrid electric / electric vehicle which is signal-connected via a control signal output (SA) to a control signal input (SE1) of the first switching device (S1) for driving thereof; - wherein the sensor device (US) is arranged to control the first switching device (S1) in the event of the accident of the hybrid electric / electric vehicle by means of delivery of a control signal via the control signal output (SA) such that the first switching device (S1) is a power connection of the Battery system section (BA) to the first low-voltage power consumer (L1) manufactures. Arrangement (AO) after Claim 1 or 2 wherein the first switching device (S1) is a first DC-DC converter (GW1) or a part thereof. Arrangement (AO) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the high-voltage (UH) has a nominal voltage of over 60 volts. Arrangement (AO) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the low-voltage (UL) has a nominal voltage of less than 60 volts. Arrangement (AO) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a first diode (D1), which is electrically connected via its anode terminal (AN1) to a first, positive voltage side current output terminal (A23) of the first switching device (S1) and via its cathode terminal (KT1 ) Is designed to be electrically connectable to the first low-voltage power consumer (L1). An assembly (AO) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: - A second controllable electrical switching device (S2), which is electrically connected via two second power input terminals (A31, A32) to the two first power terminals (A11, A12) of the battery system (BS); - Wherein the second switching device (S2) further comprises two second current output terminals (A33, A34) and is arranged, a high-voltage current consumer (EM) of the electrical system (BN) via the two second current output terminals (A33, A34) with the battery system (BS) switchable electrically connect to. Arrangement (AO) after Claims 2 and 7 , wherein the sensor device (US) is further connected via the control signal output (SA) to a control signal input (SE2) of the second switching device (S2) for driving them and is further configured, in the event of an accident, the second switching device (S2) by means of delivery of the Control signal via the control signal output (SA) to control such that the second switching device (S2) interrupts a power connection from the battery system (BS) to the high-voltage current consumer (EM). Arrangement (AO) after Claim 7 or 8th wherein the second switching device (S2) is a second DC-DC converter or a part thereof, or an inverter (WR) or a part thereof. An assembly (AO) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: - A third controllable electrical switching device (S3), which is electrically connected via two third current input terminals (A41, A42) to the two first power terminals (A11, A12) of the battery system (BS); - wherein the third switching device (S3) further comprises two third current output terminals (A43, A44) and is arranged, the first low-voltage consumer (L1) and a second low-voltage consumer (L2) of the electrical system (BN) via the two third current output terminals (A43, A44) switchable to the battery system (BS). Arrangement (AO) after Claims 2 and 10 , wherein the sensor device (US) is further connected via the control signal output (SA) to a control signal input (SE3) of the third switching device (S3) for driving them and is further configured, in the event of an accident, the third switching device (S3) by means of delivery of the Control signal via the control signal output (SA) such that the third switching device (S3) breaks power connections from the battery system (BS) to the first (L1) and second (L2) low-voltage power consumers. Arrangement (AO) after Claim 10 or 11 wherein the second switching device (S1) is a third DC-DC converter (GW2) or a part thereof. Arrangement (AO) according to one of Claims 10 to 12 , further comprising a second diode (D2) which is electrically connected via its anode terminal (AN2) to a third, positive voltage side current output terminal (A43) of the third switching device (S3) and electrically via its cathode terminal (KT2) to the first low-voltage current consumer (L1) is executed connectable. Onboard electrical system (BN) of a hybrid electric / electric vehicle, comprising: - An arrangement (AO) according to one of the preceding claims; - A first low-voltage power consumers (L1); - Wherein the first low-voltage current consumer (L1) to the first current output terminals (A23, A24) of the first switching device (S1) of the arrangement (AO) is electrically connected and thus switchable electrically connected via the first switching device (S1) to the battery system section (BA) ,

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