DE102018215392A1 - Electrically drivable motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) with a vehicle structure (MS) on the bottom, through which at least one receiving space (A) for accommodating at least one battery housing (BG) holding battery cells (4) is formed.
The invention proposes that the vehicle structure (MS) has a plurality of longitudinal members (1), through which a plurality of receiving spaces (A) are formed, in each of which at least one battery housing (BG) with battery cells (4) can be received or received.

Description

The invention relates to an electrically drivable motor vehicle with the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a battery housing with battery cells for mounting on such an electrically drivable motor vehicle.

An electrically drivable motor vehicle with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from the DE 10 2014 203 506 A1 known. Specifically, a battery arrangement with a housing which can accommodate a variable number of battery modules is proposed in this document. Each battery module comprises a predetermined number of battery cells and can be configured in such a way that, depending on the number of battery modules accommodated in the housing, the battery cells in a battery module have different electrical connections. In this way, a flexibly configurable battery arrangement is to be created. However, the vehicle structure is weakened in the area of the floor-side receiving space.

The present invention is based on the object of providing an electrically drivable motor vehicle with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1, which despite the creation of receiving space for receiving battery cells has an improved, more stable vehicle structure.

The aforementioned object is achieved with an electrically drivable motor vehicle with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments or further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

The invention is also based on the object of providing a suitable battery housing with battery cells for mounting on such an electrically drivable motor vehicle. This object is achieved with the features of claim 11

The invention is initially based on an electrically drivable motor vehicle with a vehicle structure on the bottom. The vehicle structure forms at least one receiving space for receiving at least one battery housing containing battery cells.

The invention proposes that the vehicle structure has a plurality of longitudinal members and that a plurality of receiving spaces are formed by the longitudinal members. At least one battery housing containing battery cells can be received or accommodated in each of the receiving spaces.

These features of the invention create the basic prerequisites for great flexibility with regard to equipping the electrically drivable motor vehicle with electrical capacity, while at the same time providing the vehicle structure with sufficient stability.

According to an embodiment of the concept of the invention, all the longitudinal beams are at an equal distance from one another when viewed in the transverse direction of the vehicle. In this way, the prerequisite is created for a division of the electrical capacity for the electrically drivable motor vehicle in the same sizes and with a maximum of identical parts.

In this case, it is advantageous if exactly one battery housing with battery cells can be accommodated or accommodated through each of the accommodating spaces, the battery housing including the battery cells accommodated therein being constructed identically. The external dimensions and the internal structure of each battery housing are therefore identical. This makes it possible to equip the motor vehicle with electrical capacity at reduced cost, the maintenance and replacement of the battery housing or the battery cells being simplified.

Each battery housing is preferably fastened to the side members by means of suitable fastening means (for example screwing of holding strips).

It is also conceivable and enables good adaptation to customer requirements if exactly one battery housing with battery cells is accommodated by at least one accommodating space and at least one other accommodating space is empty. In this case, in addition to at least one receiving space filled with a battery housing, at least one receiving space is still free and is not (yet) available for the existing electrical capacity or range of the motor vehicle. If necessary, the empty recording space can be filled up at least temporarily (e.g. for vacation) with a suitable battery housing, thus increasing the range of the motor vehicle.

• • Nur in einem der Aufnahmeräume ist ein Batteriegehäuse mit Batteriezellen aufgenommen, der andere oder die anderen Aufnahmeräume sind leer (Minimalkapazität)
• • Alle zur Verfügung stehenden Aufnahmeräume sind mit Batteriegehäusen gefüllt, welche also Batteriezellen aufweisen (Maximalkapazität)
• • Zwischen der Minimal- und der Maximalkapazität liegende Ausstattungsvarianten.

The following equipment variants of the motor vehicle are now conceivable, regardless of the number of receiving spaces formed:

• • A battery housing with battery cells is only accommodated in one of the accommodating rooms, the other or the other accommodating rooms are empty (minimum capacity)
• • All available recording rooms are filled with battery housings, which have battery cells (maximum capacity)
• • Equipment variants lying between the minimum and maximum capacity.

In this way, a very flexible modular system is made available.

According to another development of the invention, three receiving spaces are formed by the side members. Such a three-way division of the entire receiving space available on the floor can create an optimal relationship between practical equipment variants that are available to customers and vehicle stability.

The three receiving spaces can be created by four longitudinal beams pointing in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle. A receiving space for a battery housing or an empty housing is created between two adjacent side members.

In an expedient development of the invention, a load path in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle is formed by each of the side members. This can be achieved in that each longitudinal member connects a front and a rear, bottom-side vehicle structure of the motor vehicle to one another.

Despite the creation of several receiving spaces for battery housings, a high degree of vehicle stability in the longitudinal direction can thus be obtained even if the minimum capacity of the motor vehicle is only desired. It is not necessary to fill unused recording rooms with empty housings to increase stability in the longitudinal direction. This can save costs for empty housings, their weight and the effort for their installation.

In order to enable the prerequisites for a simple current draw without a necessary return line for one pole and a compact construction of a battery housing, it is proposed to design the battery cells prismatically. Each battery cell has rectangular flat sides, with a stacking direction of the battery cells pointing in a longitudinal direction of the battery housing.

The implementation of a comfortable high-voltage interface on only one side of a battery housing is possible if two battery cell stacks arranged next to one another, that is to say parallel to one another, are accommodated in the battery housing.

In this case, according to another development of the invention, it is advantageous if the battery stacks are additionally separated from one another by an intermediate wall of the battery housing. In this way, additional stability can be created in the longitudinal direction of the battery housing and thus in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

In order to save so-called high-voltage connectors between the poles of individual battery cells, it is proposed according to another embodiment of the invention that the battery cells have opposite flat sides. The flat sides of adjacent, i.e. stacked battery cells touch each other. An electrical pole (i.e. positive pole or negative pole) is formed through each flat side.

As already mentioned, the invention is also intended to provide a battery housing with battery cells for mounting on an electrically drivable motor vehicle according to the invention. According to the invention, prismatic battery cells are accommodated in such a housing. The battery cells have rectangular flat sides and are therefore rectangular in outline. A stacking direction of the battery cells points in the longitudinal direction of the housing.

A battery housing with battery cells for mounting on an electrically drivable motor vehicle will thus be provided, which can be constructed very compactly and in which the implementation of high-voltage interfaces is flexible. Depending on the design of the prismatic battery cells, a high-voltage interface can also be implemented on one side of the housing for convenient voltage tapping.

The voltage that can be tapped from each battery housing is therefore in the high-voltage range and is greater than 60 V. The voltage that can be tapped is preferably in a range of approximately 400 V.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and are explained in more detail with reference to the figures in the following description. This also makes further advantages of the invention clear. The same reference numerals, also in different figures, refer to the same, comparable or functionally identical components. Corresponding or comparable properties and advantages are achieved, even if there is no repeated description or reference to them. The figures are not, or at least not always, to scale. In some figures, proportions or distances may be exaggerated in order to be able to emphasize features of an exemplary embodiment more clearly.

• 1 die Bodenstruktur eines elektrisch antreibbaren Kraftfahrzeugs,
• 2 eine vereinfachte Schnittansicht gemäß Schnittverlauf II aus 1, um 180° gedreht,
• 3 eine perspektivische Darstellung der Bodenstruktur in Alleinstellung,
• 4 eine Darstellung von drei Varianten zur Füllung der durch die Bodenstruktur gebildeten Aufnahmeräume,
• 5 eine Darstellung von unterschiedlichen Füllungen der Batteriegehäuse mit Batteriezellen,
• 6 die Darstellung einer Batteriezelle gemäß Ansicht VI aus 5a und
• 7 die Darstellung einer Batteriezelle gemäß Ansicht VII aus 5c.

It shows, each schematically

• 1 the floor structure of an electrically drivable motor vehicle,
• 2nd a simplified sectional view according to the course of the cut II out 1 , rotated by 180 °,
• 3rd a perspective view of the floor structure in isolation,
• 4th a representation of three variants for filling the receiving spaces formed by the floor structure,
• 5 a representation of different fillings of the battery housing with battery cells,
• 6 the representation of a battery cell according to the view VI out 5a and
• 7 the representation of a battery cell according to the view VII out 5c .

It will first focus on the 1 Referred. in this figure is an electrically drivable motor vehicle K evident. Hybrid vehicles (HIV = Hybrid Electric Vehicles), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV = Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles) or purely electric vehicles, i.e. battery vehicles (BEV = Battery Electric Vehicles), are suitable as electrically drivable motor vehicles.

In the exemplary embodiment, the motor vehicle K a battery vehicle (BEV).

The car K is shown from below. It has a rear vehicle structure HS in the area of the rear part of the motor vehicle K and a front vehicle structure VS in the front area of the motor vehicle K on. Between the vehicle structures HS and VS is a medium vehicle structure MS evident. The middle vehicle structure MS connects the rear vehicle structure HS load bearing with the front vehicle structure VS . X is a vehicle longitudinal direction and Y is a vehicle transverse direction.

Of the vehicle structures only indicated by dashed lines HS and VS are a rear bumper 6 and a front bumper 5 figured.

The middle vehicle structure MS is made up of four longitudinal beams pointing in the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle 1 educated. The side members 1 are spaced from each other in the transverse direction Y of the vehicle, that is to say they are at a clear distance. Between two adjacent side members 1 each becomes a recording room A educated.

In the exemplary embodiment, the two outer receiving spaces are used A each to accommodate a battery case BG . Each of the battery cases BG includes a variety of battery cells 4th . The battery cells 4th are designed as prismatic battery cells and in a longitudinal direction L of the battery case BG stacked together.

In the middle, between the battery cases BG , is in the recording room A no battery case BG added. The middle recording room A therefore remains empty and unused and is intended as an empty space LP be designated. In the present embodiment, the empty space is used LP So to reduce the maximum possible battery capacity as required.

The longitudinal direction L the battery case BG runs in the vehicle longitudinal direction X.

As can be seen, the average vehicle structure MS exactly three recording rooms A educated. Deviating from the exemplary embodiment, it is of course also conceivable to have only two receiving spaces A or more than three recording rooms A through the middle vehicle structure MS to train. The formation of three recording rooms A However, it is particularly advantageous with regard to the practical formation of equipment variants for electrification.

Each of the side members 1 is with fasteners 2nd and with flanges 3rd provided as a stop for the battery housing to be assembled BG serve in a vehicle vertical direction.

The fasteners 2nd can be formed, for example, as protruding bolts or as threaded holes, with the help of which via the battery housing BG protruding holding elements are attached. One example is the one with the side members 1 screwed retaining strip 7 shown in the vehicle transverse direction Y via the battery housing BG or the empty space LP protrudes and thus a secure fixation of the battery housing BG in the recording rooms A guaranteed. From the holding bar 7 only one of several is shown.

As already mentioned, the side members serve 1 as a load-bearing connection between the rear vehicle structure HS and the front vehicle structure VS . The side members 1 thus form load paths LPF in the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle.

From the 2nd becomes even more apparent, like the battery case BG from below in a vehicle vertical direction Z. in the recording rooms A to be inserted until they hit the flanges 3rd the side member 1 nudge. Fastening and securing is done by fastening the retaining strips 7 by means of the fasteners 2nd . A Assembly or disassembly direction R thus runs parallel to the vehicle vertical direction Z.

The fasteners 2nd can also be used to attach a cover plate 8th serve, which covers the entire area of the middle vehicle structure MS covers.

The 3rd shows a perspective view of the side members 1 . In this figure is the better representation of the side members 1 for the sake of an outer recording room only A with a battery case BG filled out. The flanges are based on this figure 3rd and the bottom-side fastening means designed as screw domes 2nd particularly well visible.

There is also a frame-like receiving area 9 for common components of the battery system. The recording area 9 can be used, for example, to accommodate a central high-voltage interface 90 serve. Furthermore, in the recording area 9 a higher-level battery management device can be included (not shown).

All of the longitudinal members adjacent to one another preferably have 1 an equal distance a on. The recording rooms A are the same size. This does not have to be the case, but is highly advantageous in terms of a modular design.

Based on 4th it is now shown which variants can be realized with the modular design.

It can be seen in the figures that each recording space A by the clear distance a two adjacent side members 1 and a length I. is formed. The length I. is roughly determined by the length of the side members 1 certainly.

According to an equipment variant with maximum battery capacity, each recording room is A with a battery case BG filled in ( 4a) .

If only a medium battery capacity is required, one of the recording rooms can be used A , preferably the middle one, remain empty and an empty space LP train ( 4b) .

In the case of a desired, only low battery capacity, it is conceivable that only one of the receiving spaces A , preferably again the middle one, with a battery housing BG to fill in. The other two recording rooms A then remain empty, i.e. form empty spaces LP out ( 4c ).

In the same way, equipment variants can be created if there are only two recording rooms A or more than three recording rooms A available.

The 5 now show several variants of battery housings BG respectively BG ' . They differ in the size and design of the selected battery cells. Each of the battery cases BG respectively BG ' is preferably formed by an extrusion or pultrusion profile. Such profiles can be produced very inexpensively. It is also conceivable that a housing BG , BG ' consists of a multi-material hybrid component.

The battery case BG , BG ' are cuboid, with a rectangular outline. The dimensions are such that each battery case BG , BG ' relatively exactly one recording room A fills in and is approximately flush with the side members during assembly 1 concludes (compare also 2nd ). The same applies to the empty housing LG .

So is now in 5a a battery case BG can be seen in which a variety of prismatic battery cells 4th is recorded. The battery cells 4th are stacked together and have a stacking direction S on which in the longitudinal direction L of the battery case BG points.

Each of the battery cells 4th has two opposite flat sides 40 and 41 as well as marginal pages 42 on (compare also 6 ). Through the flat side 40 becomes a positive pole P + and through the flat side 41 a negative pole P- educated. When the battery cells are stacked 4th always contacts a positive pole P + with a negative pole P- .

As a result, the battery case BG on one side of the positive pole in the figure P + and on the opposite, in the figure rear side of the negative pole P-ends. An HV interface for realizing a tapped high-voltage voltage must therefore be on both sides of the battery housing BG be created. This can be avoided by using a return line 10th is used, which leads from one pole to the other pole.

In the 5b is a variant BG ' from the battery case BG shown. The battery case BG ' has a middle partition 11 on. So be inside the battery case BG ' two smaller channels are formed, each with correspondingly smaller battery cells 4 ' are included. The battery cells 4 ' are analogous to the battery cells 4th trained, with flat sides 40 , 41 and marginal pages 42 . In contrast to the previous example is on one side of the battery case BG ' a contact change 12th through which a battery cell stack ST1 with the other battery cell stack ST2 is contacted at the end. The orientation of the flat sides is concrete 40 , 41 from the right Battery stack ST2 exactly the opposite of the left battery stack ST1 .

In this way and through the mentioned contact change 12th it is thus possible for an HV interface, that is to say the decrease in the battery voltage, on one side of the battery housing BG ' can be made.

It should be noted that the presence of the partition 11 is only optional, but for an even better rigidity of the housing BG ' longitudinal L leads.

5c shows again a battery case BG without partition 11 in which prismatic battery cells 4 " are included. In contrast to the previous examples, the battery cells have 4 " opposite flat sides 43 and marginal pages 44 on, with the flat sides 43 no battery cell poles 4 " form. Rather, with each battery cell 4 " the poles P + and P- than from the top margin 44 emerging pole ends formed (in 5c not shown, but compare 7 ).

With this design of the battery cells 4 " is the use of high-voltage connectors 13 required the the positive pole P + a battery cell 4 " each with a negative pole P- of an adjacent battery cell 4 " connect.

An HV interface is also here (as with 5a) on both sides of the battery case BG required. A return line can optionally be used (not shown).

Finally, the shows 5d again a battery case BG ' , which over an intermediate wall 11 disposes. In the battery case BG ' are two battery cell stacks ST1 and ST2 present, with each of the battery cell stacks ST1 , ST2 from prismatic battery cells 4 '" exists where the poles P + and P- from the top margin 44 protrude (see also 7 ). Even with the cell stacks ST1 and ST2 are corresponding high-voltage connectors 13 required. At one end of the battery case BG ' is again a contact change 12th present so that the realization of an HV interface on one side of the battery case BG ' is possible.

Reference list

1

Side member

2nd

Fasteners

3rd

Flanges

4, 4 ', 4 ", 4'"

Battery cells

5

Bumpers

6

Bumpers

7

Retaining bar

8th

Cover plate

9

Recording area for common components

10th

Return line

11

Intermediate wall of the battery housing

12th

Reconnection

13

High-voltage connector

40

Flat side

41

Flat side

42

Marginal sides

43

Flat sides

44

Marginal sides

90

High voltage interface

A

Recording rooms

a

clear distance

BG, BG '

Battery case

HS

rear vehicle structure

K

electrically drivable motor vehicle

I.

length

L

Longitudinal direction of the housing

LP

Empty space

LPF

Load path

MS

medium vehicle structure

P +

Positive pole

P-

Negative pole

R

Assembly / disassembly direction

S

Stacking direction

ST1, ST2

Battery cell stack

VS

front vehicle structure

X

Vehicle longitudinal direction

Y

Vehicle transverse direction

Z.

Vehicle vertical direction

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102014203506 A1 [0002]

Claims (11)

Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) with a vehicle structure (MS) on the bottom, through which at least one receiving space (A) for accommodating at least one battery housing (BG, BG ') containing battery cells (4, 4', 4 ", 4"') is formed , characterized in that the vehicle structure (MS) has a plurality of longitudinal members (1), through which a plurality of receiving spaces (A) are formed, in each of which at least one battery housing (BG) with battery cells (4, 4 ', 4 ", 4"' ) is recordable or recorded. Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) after Claim 1 , characterized in that all the longitudinal beams (1), viewed in the vehicle transverse direction (Y), are at an equal distance (a) from one another. Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) after Claim 1 or 2nd , characterized in that exactly one battery housing (BG) can be accommodated or accommodated through each of the accommodating spaces (A), the battery housing (BG) together with the battery cells (4, 4 ', 4 ", 4"') accommodated therein being identical. Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 and 2nd , characterized in that exactly one battery housing (BG) is accommodated by at least one accommodating space (A) and at least one other accommodating space (A) is empty. Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that three receiving spaces (A) are formed by the longitudinal members (1). Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a load path (LP) in the longitudinal direction (X) of the motor vehicle (K) is formed by each of the longitudinal members (1). Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery cells (4, 4 ', 4 ", 4"') are prismatic, with rectangular flat sides (40, 41, 43), a stacking direction ( S) of the battery cells (4, 4 ', 4 ", 4"') points in a longitudinal direction (L) of the battery housing (BG). Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) after Claim 7 , characterized in that two battery cell stacks (ST1, ST2) arranged next to one another are accommodated in the battery housing (BG). Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) after Claim 8 , characterized in that the battery cell stacks (ST1, ST2) are separated from one another by an intermediate wall (11) of the battery housing (BG). Electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) according to one of the Claims 7 to 9 , characterized in that the battery cells (4, 4 ') have opposite flat sides (40, 41), the flat sides (40, 41) of adjacent (stacked) battery cells (4, 4') touching each other and each flat side (40 , 41) an electrical pole (P +, P-) is formed. Battery housing (BG) with battery cells (4, 4 ', 4 ", 4"') for mounting on an electrically drivable motor vehicle (K) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the battery housing (BG) prismatic battery cells (4, 4 ', 4 ", 4"') are included, with rectangular flat sides (40, 41), with a stacking direction (S) of the battery cells (4, 4 ', 4 ", 4"') in a longitudinal direction (L) of the Battery case (BG) has.

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