DE102018208709A1 - Capsule for producing a component for a turbomachine, method for producing a component for a turbomachine and component for a turbomachine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a capsule (10) for producing a component (12) for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, comprising at least one glass casing (14), at least one capsule interior (16) at least partially surrounded by the glass casing (14) and at least one in the capsule interior (16) received powder (18), which is formed from at least one powder material (20) and solidifiable by a heat supply method. The capsule (10) comprises at least one barrier layer (22) disposed between the at least one powder (18) and the at least one glass sheath (14) for at least one diffusion process between the at least one powder (18) and the at least one glass sheath (14) to prevent.

Description

The invention relates to a capsule for producing a component for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, comprising at least one glass casing, at least one capsule interior at least partially surrounded by the glass casing and at least one powder received in the capsule interior and formed from at least one powder material a heat supply process is solidifiable. Further aspects of the invention relate to a method for producing a component for a turbomachine and to a component for a turbomachine.

The production of components from powder-filled glass capsules is already out of the US 4,081,272 A as well as from the EP 0 689 525 B1 known. In the former, a preformed powder body is enclosed in a deformable shell at elevated temperatures and pressures. Subsequently, the powder body is placed in the glass capsule and thereby embedded in glass powder, which has a higher softening temperature than the glass capsule. The glass capsule with the embedded powder body is then subjected to vacuum, sealed, heated and subjected to isostatic pressing. Furthermore, methods for producing components from filled with metallic powder capsules of EP 2 990 141 A1 , of the EP 2 272 665 A1 , of the WO 2015/150479 A1 as well as the EP 236 229 A1 to be known as known.

Object of the present invention is to provide a capsule and a method of the type mentioned, which allow a flexible choice of material in the manufacture of components for turbomachines. Another object of the invention is to provide a corresponding component.

These objects are achieved by a capsule with the features of claim 1, by a method having the features of claim 11 and by a component having the features of claim 13.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a capsule for producing a component for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, comprising at least one glass jacket, at least one capsule interior at least partially surrounded by the glass jacket and at least one powder accommodated in the capsule interior and made of at least one powder material is formed and solidifiable by a heat supply. In other words, the powder can be consolidated by the heat supply method and accordingly the component can be formed as a solid from the powder.

According to the invention, the capsule comprises at least one barrier layer which is arranged between the at least one powder and the at least one glass sheath in order to prevent at least one diffusion process between the at least one powder and the at least one glass sheath. This is advantageous because increased flexibility is given by the barrier layer both in the choice of material for the glass coating and for the choice of material of the powder. The barrier layer can prevent unwanted chemical reactions between the powder and the glass jacket. In addition, can be prevented by the barrier layer that, for example, parts of the glass envelope infiltrating the powder, for example, during the heat supply. Overall, the barrier layer thereby contributes to a high dimensional stability of the powder during its solidification on the basis of the heat supply, so that the component can be provided during its production from the capsule with a desired final geometry of the component. In other words, a so-called "near-net-shape" production of the component is made possible by means of the capsule, so that the component can be used as intended without further post-processing or the final geometry can be produced with little or no post-processing of the component.

The invention is based on the finding that the glass casing and the barrier layer comprehensive capsules are easier, less expensive and thus more economical to produce, as known from the prior art, made of titanium capsules (Ti capsules, formed with a sheath made of titanium), which be used for the production of components for turbomachinery. The Ti capsules known from the prior art are filled with TiAl powder (titanium aluminide powder) and form, for example in hot isostatic pressing (HIP), a very thin reaction zone. In addition, the Ti capsules are dimensionally stable in hot-isostatic pressing, ie at temperatures of, for example, 1220 ° C and have a sufficiently high strength, so that the TiAl powder can be compacted and consolidated with high manufacturing quality. However, Ti capsules are expensive to produce and are usually welded at a high cost. In addition, a complex examination of respective welds of the Ti capsules is often carried out by means of a borescope. These known from the prior art disadvantages can be overcome by the capsule according to the first aspect of the invention, at least for the most part.

Preferably, the at least one barrier layer is thin compared to the at least one glass sheath. As a result, a particularly large part of the capsule interior can be filled with the powder, especially since the barrier layer requires little space.

The powder material may preferably be formed as a metallic powder material. Due to their resilience, metallic powder materials are particularly suitable for use in turbomachinery.

Preferably, the at least one barrier layer is formed as a metallic barrier layer. The diffusion process can be particularly effectively prevented if the powder material is a metallic powder material.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the at least one powder material is formed from a TiAl alloy. This is advantageous since the component formed from the powder can be given a low weight and at the same time particularly high strength. This makes it possible to produce a highly loaded blade elements during operation of the turbomachine, for example in the form of a rotor blade, as the component.

In a further advantageous development of the invention, the at least one glass sheath is at least partially transparent. This is advantageous because it allows a visual inspection of the capsule, the glass casing or the powder received in the capsule interior from an environment of the capsule and through the glass sheath through, without, for example, a use of a borescope is required. Accordingly, complete (100%) quality assurance of the capsule can be carried out with particularly little effort.

In a further advantageous development of the invention, the at least one glass casing is vapor-deposited with the at least one barrier layer. This is advantageous because the barrier layer can thus be made particularly thin and accordingly only takes up a small area of the capsule interior. In addition, a particularly rapid heating of the powder can take place in the heat supply, since a particularly rapid heat transfer is made possible by the thin, formed by vapor barrier layer. The vapor deposited barrier layer may generally be so thin that it may be at least partially transparent for optical visual inspection. As a result, a visual inspection or quality control of the powder can be carried out through the barrier layer. A further advantage of the sputtering is that due to the consequent, particularly thin design of the barrier layer, an at least largely unhindered, thermally induced deformation, for example a shrinkage of the glass jacket, can take place together with the barrier layer. A further advantage of sputtering is that any surface areas of the glass casing which do not come into contact with the powder can be covered during vapor deposition, so that a particularly demand-oriented and economical application of the barrier layer can take place. In order to allow a particularly economical and needs-based application of the barrier layer, the barrier layer may preferably extend exclusively over an interior region of the capsule interior to which the barrier layer is contacted on the one hand with the glass jacket and on the other hand with the powder. In the context of the invention, the feature that the at least one glass sheath is vapor-deposited with the at least one barrier layer also encompasses the fact that the barrier layer is applied to the glass sheath by so-called "sputtering".

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one barrier layer is at least partially formed from Mo, Nb, W and / or Ti. This is advantageous since a particularly effective diffusion barrier is provided by the metallic barrier layer formed of the metals Mo (molybdenum), Nb (niobium), W (tungsten) and additionally or alternatively Ti (titanium). As a result, a high-strength and light-weight metallic alloy, for example a TiAl alloy, can be used as the powder material and the glass sheathing can be formed, for example, from quartz glass, without diffusion processes occurring between the TiAl alloy and the quartz glass.

In a further advantageous development of the invention, the at least one glass sheath is formed from quartz glass. This is advantageous since the design of the glass casing made of quartz glass can be particularly low-cost and thus suitable for mass production. In other words, the glass casing formed from quartz glass is particularly suitable for mass production of a large number of components for the turbomachine. The formation of the glass casing made of quartz glass allows a contouring of the capsule according to an almost arbitrary, desired capsule geometry as well as an almost arbitrary specification of a shell wall thickness of the glass casing.

In a further advantageous development of the invention, the quartz glass has an upper cooling point which is greater than or equal to 750 ° C. As a result, the capsule may undergo any thermally induced deformation, for example in the form of shrinkage, of the powder whose powder material may be, for example, TiAl, perform, whereby the component formed from the solidified powder may have a particularly close similarity to a desired final contour of the component. As a result, a post-processing effort of the component can be kept particularly low. The upper cooling point corresponds to a temperature limit at which a desired relaxation sets as quickly as possible, without - even with slow cooling (after the heat supply process) - already comes to a change in shape of the (formed from the solidified as a result of the heat supply powder) component.

In a further advantageous development of the invention, the quartz glass has a softening point which is greater than or equal to 1240 ° C. As a result, the quartz glass remains dimensionally stable even in heat supply processes, such as, for example, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), at which temperatures of 1225 ° C., for example, can prevail. The softening point corresponds to a limit temperature at which the glass coating begins to flow recognizably and thus begins to deform under the influence of its own weight.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an inner contour of the at least one glass sheath and / or the at least one barrier layer is formed at least substantially complementary to an outer contour of the component. This is advantageous because it allows the component to be formed directly from the powder, so that a reworking effort is particularly low, or even eliminated altogether. The component can thus be given a shape already during the heat supply process or during a cooling of the component after the heat supply process, which has a high similarity to a desired final contour (final shape) of the component. In particular, the component can be produced with a so-called "near-net-shape" shape.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the capsule comprises at least one, connected to the at least one glass casing, and in the at least one capsule interior emptying filler neck, via which the capsule interior with the at least one powder can be filled, and which is at least partially transparent. This is advantageous because a filling level of the powder can be optically checked by means of the at least partially transparent filler neck.

The filler neck can preferably have an end region which is at least partially transparent to the capsule interior and to which a filling opening of the filler neck arranged for filling the capsule interior with the powder is sealed in a vacuum-tight manner by pressing and / or welding the end region. This is advantageous since this allows a simple, optical inspection of the filler neck or of the end region for tightness.

• - Bereitstellen einer Kapsel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10;
• - Herstellen und Formen des Bauteils aus der Kapsel durch wenigstens ein Wärmezuführverfahren, bei welchem das wenigstens eine Pulver verfestigt wird.

Weitere Merkmale und deren Vorteile sind den Beschreibungen des ersten Aspekts der Erfindung zu entnehmen, wobei vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des ersten Aspekts der Erfindung als vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des zweiten Aspekts der Erfindung und umgekehrt anzusehen sind. A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a component for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, comprising at least the following steps:

• - Providing a capsule according to one of claims 1 to 10;
• - Producing and molding of the component from the capsule by at least one heat supply method in which the at least one powder is solidified.

Further features and their advantages can be found in the descriptions of the first aspect of the invention, wherein advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

In an advantageous development of the invention, a hot isostatic pressing is carried out as the at least one heat supply process. The capsule filled with the powder can be compacted under high pressures and temperatures during hot isostatic pressing (or HIP for short), thereby producing the component from the powder contained in the capsule interior. The hot-isostatic pressing is particularly favorable, especially as this can be achieved without post-processing of the component (after the heat supply), a high surface quality of the component.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a component for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, produced by a capsule according to the first aspect of the invention and / or produced by a method according to the second aspect of the invention. In contrast to parts produced from conventional capsules or by conventional methods, diffusion processes, in particular on a component surface of the component, can be avoided in the production of such a component, which can also be determined by a component test of the component. In addition, the component can be provided already during its production from the capsule or by the method with a desired final geometry of the component. In other words, based on the capsule or by the method, a so-called "near-net-shape" -Herstellung of the component allows, so that the component can be used as intended without further post-processing or the final geometry can be produced with only little Nachbearbeitungsaufwand of the component , Further features and their advantages can be found in the descriptions of the first aspect of the invention and of the second aspect of the invention, wherein advantageous embodiments of the first aspect and the second aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the third aspect of the invention and vice versa.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the component is a blade element. Such a blade element can be produced especially on demand by means of the capsule or by the method.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the embodiments and the drawings. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the exemplary embodiments and / or alone, can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or in isolation without the scope of the invention leave. There are thus also embodiments of the invention as encompassed and disclosed, which are not explicitly shown and explained in the embodiments, however, emerge and can be generated by separate feature combinations of the described embodiments. Embodiments and combinations of features are also to be regarded as disclosed, which thus do not have all the features of an originally formulated independent claim.

The single figure shows a perspective view of a capsule shown schematically, the capsule interior is filled with a powder for the production of a component.

The FIG. shows a perspective view of a presently schematically illustrated capsule 10 which is used to produce a component 12 is used for a turbomachine. The turbomachine not shown here can be designed, for example, as an aircraft engine. The component 12 is presently designed as a blade element.

The capsule 10 includes a glass jacket 14 , one of the glass jacket 14 surrounded capsule interior 16 and one, in the capsule interior 16 absorbed powder 18 , which consists of a powder material 20 is formed. The glass jacket 14 is in the present case of quartz glass 24 formed and completely transparent, so that a visual inspection and quality control of the capsule 10 performed and the powder 18 can be inspected without the capsule 10 or the glass casing 14 to have to open. In the capsule interior 16 there is a vacuum. In other words, the capsule interior 16 vakuumbeaufschlagt. As a result, any undesirable oxidation reactions of the powder can be reduced.

The powder 18 is solidifiable by a heat supply method. In other words, the powder 18 by the heat supply process, which may be a so-called hot isostatic pressing (HIP for short), consolidated, that is solidified. The powder material 20 In this case, it is formed from a TiAl alloy.

The capsule 10 comprises a barrier layer highlighted in the figure by a dashed line 22 which is between the powder 18 and the glass jacket 14 is arranged to initiate a diffusion process between the powder 18 and the glass jacket 14 to prevent.

The glass jacket 14 is present with the barrier layer 22 steamed, creating the barrier layer 22 is particularly thin and thus saves space. The barrier layer 22 may be formed at least partially from Mo, Nb, W and / or Ti. The present is the barrier layer 22 made of Ti (titanium). The barrier layer 22 is on the one hand directly with the glass jacket 14 and on the other hand directly with the powder 18 contacted. The capsule interior 16 is thereby advantageously only to a small extent at the expense of the barrier layer 22 reduced.

The quartz glass 24 has an upper cooling point which is greater than 750 ° C. In addition, the quartz glass has 24 a softening point greater than 1240 ° C.

An inner contour 26 the glass jacket 14 and the at least one barrier layer 22 is presently complementary to an outer contour 28 of the component 12 educated. The outer contour 28 is only partially shown in the figure and indicated here as an annular closed, dashed line.

In addition, the capsule includes 10 one with the glass casing 14 connected and in the capsule interior 16 opening, transparent filler neck 30 over which the capsule interior 16 with the powder 18 is fillable. The filler neck 30 has a the capsule interior 16 remote, transparent end 34 on, at which one, for filling the capsule interior 16 with the powder 18 arranged filling opening 32 of the filler neck 30 by compression and additionally or alternatively by welding the end region 34 is sealed vacuum-tight.

In a method of manufacturing the component 12 First, a provision of the capsule 10 and then manufacturing and forming the component 12 from the capsule 10 by the heat supply method in which the powder 18 is solidified.

Overall, the capsule allows 10 a powder metallurgical production of the component 12 made of TiAl as powder material 20 by hot-isostatic pressing. In this case, a so-called "near net shape" HIP can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner, whereby a complex capsule geometry can be used, which for a reproducible shrinkage (of the component 12 ) is jointly responsible. To contact the glass jacket 14 the capsule 10 with the powder material formed from TiAl 20 to prevent the HIP process and to avoid corresponding reactions is the capsule 10 through the glass casing formed of quartz glass 14 with the barrier layer 22 steamed. In addition, the capsule 10 particularly dimensionally stable, industrially manufacturable, testable, and the glass jacket 14 after filling the capsule interior 16 with the powder 18 vacuum-tight sealable. In addition, during the HIP process shrinkage deformation of the entire capsule 10 done without causing cracking. Because the glass jacket 14 can be removed after the heat supply and thus represents a commodity, the low cost of their material (quartz glass), production, processing and quality assurance are particularly advantageous.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

capsule

12

component

14

glass shroud

16

Capsule interior

18

powder

20

Powder material

22

junction

24

quartz glass

26

inner contour

28

outer contour

30

filler pipe

32

fill opening

34

end

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 4081272 A [0002]
• EP 0689525 B1 [0002]
• EP 2990141 A1 [0002]
• EP 2272665 A1 [0002]
• WO 2015/150479 A1 [0002]
• EP 236229 A1 [0002]

Claims (14)

Capsule (10) for producing a component (12) for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, comprising at least one glass casing (14), at least one of the glass casing (14) at least partially surrounded capsule interior (16) and at least one, in the capsule interior (16) accommodated powder (18), which is formed from at least one powder material (20) and solidifiable by a heat supply method, characterized in that the capsule (10) comprises at least one barrier layer (22), which between the at least one powder (18 ) and the at least one glass sheath (14) is arranged to prevent at least one diffusion process between the at least one powder (18) and the at least one glass sheath (14). Capsule (10) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one powder material (20) is formed from a TiAl alloy. Capsule (10) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the at least one glass sheath (14) is at least partially transparent. Capsule (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one glass casing (14) is vapor-deposited with the at least one barrier layer (22). Capsule (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one barrier layer (22) is at least partially formed from Mo, Nb, W and / or Ti. Capsule (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one glass sheath (14) is formed from quartz glass (24). Capsule (10) after Claim 6 , characterized in that the quartz glass (24) has an upper cooling point which is greater than or equal to 750 ° C. Capsule (10) after Claim 6 or 7 , characterized in that the quartz glass (24) has a softening point which is greater than or equal to 1240 ° C. Capsule (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inner contour (26) of the at least one glass sheath (14) and / or the at least one barrier layer (22) at least substantially complementary to an outer contour (28) of the component (12 ) is trained. Capsule (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capsule (10) comprises at least one, with the at least one glass sheath (14) connected, and in the at least one capsule interior (16) opening out filler neck (30), via which the capsule interior (16) can be filled with the at least one powder (18), and which is at least partially transparent. Method for producing a component (12) for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, comprising at least the following steps: - providing a capsule (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 ; - Producing and molding of the component (12) from the capsule (10) by at least one heat supply method in which the at least one powder (18) is solidified. Method according to Claim 11 , characterized in that as the at least one heat supply process, a hot isostatic pressing is performed. Component (12) for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, produced from a capsule (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 and / or produced by a method according to Claim 11 or 12 , Component (12) after Claim 13 , characterized in that the component (12) is a blade element.

Images