DE102018205653A1 - Battery device, protective device and method for producing a battery device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery device (10) for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle, comprising at least one battery cell (20) and at least one protective device (30). The protective device (30) is arranged to protect the at least one battery cell (20) against mechanical stress on at least one protective section (32) of the at least one battery cell (20). The protective device (30) has a housing (34) in which a particle bed (40) formed from deformable particles (42) is arranged, wherein a deformation threshold value (DSW) of the particle bed (40) is smaller than a deformation threshold value (DSW) at least one battery cell (20). The invention further relates to a protective device (30) for a battery device (10) and to a method for producing a battery device (10).

Description

The invention relates to a battery device for an at least partially electrically powered vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a protective device for a battery device. In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing a battery device for an at least partially electrically powered vehicle.

In the context of the application, the battery device for a vehicle, in particular an at least partially electrically powered vehicle, a water and / or underwater vehicle, in particular a boat, or an aircraft can be used. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the battery device can be used in a trailer. The battery device may be used, for example, as a drive battery or supply battery.

Electrical energy storage, such as batteries, are widely used in modern technology, especially in electric vehicles. Possible embodiments of such energy storage are, for example, lithium-ion batteries. In order to increase the performance of such batteries, it is known, for example, to interconnect a plurality of individual battery cells in a battery plane electrically in parallel. To achieve a further increase, two or more of these battery levels can be connected in series to form a battery stack. For this purpose, in particular, the individual battery levels can be arranged one on top of another and electrically conductively connected.

In the event of an impact on an obstacle or an accident or crash of the electric vehicle, it can happen that the battery cell or the multiple battery cells deform such that they are partially irreversibly damaged.

The repair effort for the damaged batteries is therefore expensive and expensive. The continued use of damaged batteries may endanger the safety of the vehicle occupants.

It is an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the disadvantages described above. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide in a cost effective and simple manner a battery device, a protective device for a battery device and a method for producing a battery device, by the protection against mechanical stress and damage to the battery cell can be made possible.

The above object is achieved by a battery device with the features of claim 1, by a protective device having the features of claim 14, and by a method for producing a battery device having the features of claim 15. Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims , the description and the drawings. In this case, features and details that are described in connection with the battery device according to the invention apply, of course, in connection with the protective device according to the invention and the inventive method and in each case vice versa, so that with respect to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention is always reciprocal reference or can be ,

According to a first aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a battery device for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle, with at least one battery cell and at least one protective device. The protective device is arranged to protect the at least one battery cell from mechanical stress on at least one protective section of the at least one battery cell. The protective device has a housing in which a particle bed formed of deformable particles is arranged, wherein a deformation threshold value of the particle bed is smaller than a deformation threshold value of the at least one battery cell.

The at least one battery cell can be designed as a battery which provides electrical energy for an electric drive in an electric vehicle which, for example, assists an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle to increase power or acts as the sole drive for the vehicle. In particular, a plurality of battery cells can be provided.

The protective portion of the battery cell is exemplified by one side of the battery cell, to which preferably an external force can act. In particular, in the case of a side crash or impact of the vehicle, the outer side of the battery cell or the side of the battery cell, which is not aligned with the vehicle interior, subject to high mechanical stress. In the case of a plurality of battery cells in a battery level, the protection portion may be formed by the outside of that battery cell, which is arranged outside in the battery level. The protective section may preferably be formed as the outer surface of a battery cell or as a whole flat as the outer surface of a battery module with a plurality of battery cells.

In the context of the application, a particle bed of at least two particles is formed. The particle bed is to be understood in particular as meaning a loose bed of particles, wherein the particles of the bed of particles in the housing can move freely and are not otherwise secured in their position. The particle bed is in other words in a pourable or free-flowing form. In this case, the bed can be regarded as a kind of stacked or stacked arrangement of particles, wherein the particles are arranged free of a material closure to each other.

The particles are preferably deformable, in particular breakable, formed and can deform plastically. In this case, the particles of the particle bed have a characterizing deformation threshold. In the context of the application, the deformation threshold denotes that limit value beyond which the particles plastically deform or deform. Below the limit value, for example, no deformation or elastic deformation can occur.

For example, the deformation threshold may indicate that force in the unit Newton at which the plastic deformation of the particles occurs. Alternatively, the deformation threshold could also be expressed in units of Newtons / mm ² or other surface area and is a type of stress on the particles. If the force on the particles is partially or totally absorbed by the particles themselves, the particles become so to speak put under tension. This causes the deformation of the particles.

The invention has the advantage that the deformation threshold value of the particle bed is smaller than the deformation threshold value of the battery cell. This means that plastic deformation of the particles of the particle bed in comparison with the battery cell already takes place at a lower value or a lower external force. The particles begin to deform under external force rather than the battery cell, since this has a higher deformation threshold. This has the advantage that due to the earlier deformation of the particles, the external force due to a crash or impact can already be at least partially absorbed by the particles before the battery is damaged or deformed. In other words, the particles of the particle bed serve as a crash or energy absorber due to their deformation. In the event of an accident or impact of the vehicle, the particles of the particle bed in the protective device can be deformed, wherein preferably all the impact energy or a large part of the impact energy is required for the deformation of the particles and therefore absorbed. In particular, the particles can deform so strongly that they break and are irreversibly deformed and thus almost completely absorb the impact energy. The particle bed is therefore preferably arranged between the battery cell and the direct force from the outside in the protective section.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the case of the battery device according to the invention that the deformation threshold value of the particle bed has a value between at least 10% and at most 90% of the deformation threshold value of the at least one battery cell. Preferably, this allows the time of deformation of the particles before the deformation of the battery cell are set decisively, or the amount of energy that can be absorbed by the particles. If the ratio of the deformation thresholds between the particle bed and the battery cell is chosen to be too small, in particular below 10%, for example, the particles of the particle bed can undergo irreversible damage too early during a crash or impact and can not absorb enough impact energy. Consequently, the battery cell can be damaged as well. When the deformation threshold of the particle bed and the battery cell are approximately equal, insufficient impact energy may be absorbed by the particulate bed, which may damage the battery cell. It is therefore of particular advantage to specifically adapt the deformation threshold value of the particle bed to the deformation threshold value of the battery cell and to set it to a specific ratio.

Particularly preferably, a battery device according to the invention may be designed such that the particles of the particle bed are at least partially formed of a porous material and / or hollow. This has the advantage that the material of the particles can have a smaller deformation threshold than the material of the battery, whereby the impact energy from the particles at least partially absorbed and damage to the battery cell can be prevented. Since porous or hollow particles can be easily deformed, and therefore generally have a lower deformation threshold, they can absorb a large amount of impact energy in a crash or impact and are therefore particularly suitable as a crash absorber. Porous or hollow particles can preferably deform so strongly that they break and irreversibly deformed and thus almost completely absorb the impact energy.

Preferably, the particles of the particle bed each have at least partially a friction surface to increase the coefficient of friction between the particles. Because the particles of the Particle bed are arranged freely movable in the housing of the protection device, they can move in the case of a mechanical external load against each other. As the particles move relative to each other, frictional resistance therefore occurs at the respective friction surfaces of the particles, thereby making it difficult to move the particles. In order to generate the opposite relative movement of the particles, therefore, energy is necessary, which is present in particular in the form of the impact energy due to a crash or impact of the vehicle and can be converted eg into frictional heat or abrasion. Thus, the friction surface of the particles additionally promotes and supports the absorption of the impact energy, whereby damage to the battery can be more effectively prevented.

It can also be provided in a battery device according to the invention that the particles of the particle bed are formed by similar, in particular equal, preferably spherical or substantially spherical particles. The formation of the particles as spheres represents a very simple bed. If all particles of the particle bed are formed as similar particles, the production cost of the particle bed is very low. Under similar particles can be understood by way of example a same geometric shape of the individual particles, in particular spherical. The particles can therefore also be designed as spheres of different or the same size. In general, further geometric shapes of the particles, such as, for example, angular, regular or irregular geometric shapes are conceivable. It may also be provided a granular or particulate form of the particle bed.

Particularly preferably, the particles of the particle bed can be designed differently, in particular of different sizes, and have a different deformation threshold value. A different design of the particles may be understood to mean a difference in terms of geometric shape and / or particle size. Due to the different formation of the particles, it is advantageously possible to realize a different absorption strength of the impact energy in the event of a crash or impact. Depending on the number of battery cells or their spatial location within the vehicle, this can be done in an application-specific manner. By varying the formation of the particles, the protection device can be variably and flexibly adapted to different requirements and loads. By way of example, in the case of differently formed particles, a mean deformation threshold value of the particles can be determined, wherein the mean deformation threshold value of the differently configured particle bed is preferably smaller than the deformation threshold value of the battery cell. In particular, all particles of the particle bed have a smaller deformation threshold than those of the battery cell.

Advantageously, the particles of the particle bed are arranged in the housing in such a way that a layer-like particle distribution is formed, wherein the particles are arranged close to the battery cell with a high deformation threshold and the particles are arranged remote from the battery cell with a low deformation threshold value. The term batteriezellennah describes here the spatial position of the particles within the housing of the protective device. The battery cell near particles within the housing have a smaller distance to the battery cell than the battery cell remote particles. In the simplest case, the layered particle distribution in the housing of the protective device can comprise, by way of example, two layers of particles. In this case, a first layer on the side facing the battery cell side of the housing, that is arranged battery cell close. A second layer is battery cell remote, that is arranged on the side facing away from the battery cell of the housing. The two layers of the particle bed are preferably in contact with each other. In this case, the particles of the first layer particularly preferably have a higher deformation threshold than the particles of the second layer. Since the battery cell-remote layer has particles with a lower deformation threshold, these particles can easily deform and very quickly and effectively absorb an impact energy occurring in a crash or impact. In the battery cell-near layer with the particles having a higher deformation threshold value, an absorption of the remaining impact energy can take place subsequently or with a time delay. It is therefore possible to realize a progression of the force, whereby the absorption of the impact energy can be adjusted precisely, so that damage to the battery cell is efficiently prevented.

In a preferred embodiment, the housing is divided into at least two chambers by means of a partition wall, whereby at least two filling areas are formed in the housing. In this case, the partition may be formed integrally in the housing or inserted into the housing. By means of the partition, in particular a deflection of the particles in a crash or impact of the vehicle can be avoided.

In the case of a battery device according to the invention, provision can furthermore be made for the housing to have at least two insertable chamber modules, the particle bed being arranged in each case in the chamber module. The use of chamber modules has the advantage that they allow for easy installation and replacement as needed. The modules can do this in the Housing be used. The particle bed can preferably be introduced via a corresponding recess in the respective chamber module.

Further preferably, at least two different filling regions with different particle density and / or particle size can be formed in the housing. By way of example, the filling areas can have identical or different particle beds with regard to the geometric shape and / or particle size. Furthermore, the bulk density of the bed areas may be different or equal. The filling areas are preferably separated from one another by means of the dividing wall.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the housing forms, at least in sections, a cooling channel for cooling the battery cell. This has the advantage that both a cooling of the battery cell and at the same time a protection of the battery cell can be realized before a mechanical load within a single component. It can therefore be dispensed with other components. By way of example, the cooling channel can be formed by the spaces between the particles of the particle bed. It is also conceivable that the cooling channel is arranged as a separate component within the housing. Thus, a space-saving arrangement of the battery cooling can be realized overall within the protection device.

Further advantageously, the particles of the particle bed are arranged in the cooling channel. By way of example, the particles are designed as porous balls, with a cooling fluid being able to flow through the balls. Alternatively, the cooling fluid may flow through the interstices between the particles.

Preferably, a battery device according to the invention may be designed such that the protective devices for preventing mechanical stress are arranged on several sides, in particular on opposite sides, of the battery cell. Due to the arrangement on several sides, the protective section of the battery cell expands advantageously. In particular, the protective devices are arranged on those sides of the battery cell which are not already adequately protected against mechanical stress by other vehicle components, for example on the outer sides of the battery cell. It can therefore be achieved protection against a versatile force from the outside. Preferably, the protective devices can be arranged on each side of the battery cell, whereby a complete protection is possible.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a protective device for a battery device according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the protective device can be arranged to protect at least one battery cell against mechanical stress on at least one protective section of the at least one battery cell. The protective device has a housing in which a particle bed formed of deformable particles is arranged, wherein a deformation threshold value of the particle bed is smaller than a deformation threshold value of the at least one battery cell. The deformable particles can deform under external force rather than the battery cell, since this has a higher deformation threshold. This has the advantage that due to the earlier deformation of the particles, an external force due to a crash or impact can already be at least partially absorbed by the particles before the battery cell is damaged or deformed.

• - Bereitstellen wenigstens einer Batteriezelle und wenigstens einer Schutzvorrichtung mit einem Gehäuse;
• - Einbringen einer Partikelschüttung aus deformierbaren Partikeln in das Gehäuse der Schutzvorrichtung;
• - Anordnen der Schutzvorrichtung an wenigstens einem Schutzabschnitt der wenigstens einen Batteriezelle.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method for producing a battery device for an at least partially electrically powered vehicle according to one of the preceding embodiments, comprising the following steps:

• - Providing at least one battery cell and at least one protective device with a housing;
• - Introducing a particle bed of deformable particles in the housing of the protection device;
• Arranging the protective device on at least one protective section of the at least one battery cell.

A method according to the invention is carried out for producing a battery device according to the first aspect of the invention. All the advantages that have been described in detail with respect to the battery device according to the first aspect of the invention can thus also be provided by a method according to the third aspect of the invention. The process steps can be carried out in any order.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Batterievorrichtung nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Batterievorrichtung nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Batterievorrichtung nach einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Batterievorrichtung nach einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 5 eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Batterievorrichtung nach einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 6 einen schematischen Kurvenverlauf jeweils einer Verformung der Partikel der Partikelschüttung und der Batteriezelle.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which, with reference to the drawings, embodiments of the invention are described in detail. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may each be essential to the invention individually or in any desired combination. The explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention exclusively in the context of Examples. Of course, individual features of the embodiments, if technically feasible, can be combined freely with one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Elements with the same function and mode of operation are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures. Show:

• 1 a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
• 2 a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a further embodiment;
• 3 a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a third embodiment;
• 4 a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment;
• 5 a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment;
• 6 a schematic curve in each case a deformation of the particles of the particle bed and the battery cell.

1 shows a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a first embodiment. The battery device 10 can be used for an at least partially electrically powered vehicle.

The battery device 10 has a battery cell 20 and two guards 30 on. Here are the two protections 30 on opposite sides of the battery cell 20 arranged. The opposite sides of the battery cell 20 or their outer surfaces each form a protective section 32 the battery cell 20 , Accordingly, the protections 30 to protect the battery cell 20 before a mechanical load on two protection sections 32 the battery cell 20 arranged. The protections 30 each have a housing 34 on. The housing 34 Each is rectangular, for example, and extends over the entire length of the battery cell 20 , In the case 34 is one of deformable particles 42 formed particle bed 40 arranged. The particle bed 40 For example, in the case 34 Be poured through a corresponding recess, not shown. The particles 40 are exemplified as similar hollow balls and are all the same size. The particles 40 are freely movable in the housing 34 arranged and not otherwise secured in position. This forms the particle bed 40 a loose particle bed.

Furthermore, a deformation threshold value of the particle bed 40 smaller than a deformation threshold of the battery cell 20 , That means the particles are 42 the particle bed 40 can plastically deform faster than the battery cell 20 , The particles 42 can break especially from a certain force from the outside. The force from the outside on the battery cell is exemplary by the force F and the corresponding power arrow. The power F can be caused by an impact or crash. It represents a mechanical stress on the battery device 10 acts.

Due to the earlier occurring deformation of the particles 42 can the external force F already from the particles 42 at least partially absorbed before the battery cell 20 damaged or deformed. In other words, the particles serve 42 the particle bed 40 due to their deformation as a crash or energy absorber. Because of the external force F become the particles 42 the particle bed 40 in the case 34 deformed, wherein preferably the total impact energy of the impact or crash for the deformation of the particles 42 needed and therefore absorbed. The particle bed 40 is therefore preferred between the battery cell 20 and the direct force F in the protection section 32 arranged.

Furthermore, the particles have 42 the particle bed 40 one friction surface each 44 to increase the coefficient of friction between the particles 42 on. Because the particles 42 the particle bed 40 freely movable in the housing 34 the protection device 30 are arranged, they can be due to the external force F move against each other. At the relative movement of the particles 42 against each other, occurs at the respective friction surfaces 44 the particle 42 a frictional resistance. To the relative movement of the particles 42 Accordingly, it is necessary to generate energy which is in the form of the impact energy due to the external force F is present and can be converted by way of example in frictional heat or abrasion. Thus, the friction surface favors and supports 44 the particle 42 In addition, the absorption of the impact energy, causing damage to the battery cell 20 can be prevented even more efficiently. The particles 42 exhibit within the particle bed 40 upon contact a frictional connection and are free of a material connection.

For producing the battery device according to the invention according to 1 Be the first example of the battery cell 20 and the guards 30 with the respective housing 34 provided. The particle bed 40 out deformable particles 42 is in each case in the housing 34 introduced or poured. This is preferably done by a corresponding recess in the housing 34 , After that, the protections 30 on opposite sides of the battery cell 20 in each case a protective section 32 to be ordered. The protections 30 in particular be attached to the battery cell.

2 shows a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a further embodiment. The structure and function of the individual components is analogous to 1 , In contrast to 1 are instead of a single battery cell 20 in 2 three battery cells 20 arranged in a battery level and electrically connected together. It is a first battery cell 21 , a second centrally located battery cell 22 and a third battery cell 23 intended. The number of battery cells is variable and it can be used more battery cells and electrically connected to each other in a battery level.

At the first battery cell 21 is a protective device on an outer side 30 arranged. Here is the protection device 30 on that outer side of the first battery cell 21 arranged, which is directed to the outside of the battery level.

The protection section 32 is therefore through the outer side of the battery cell 21 formed at which the protective device 30 is arranged.

At the third battery cell 23 is on an outer side another protective device 30 arranged. Here is the further protection device 30 on that outer side of the third battery cell 23 arranged, which is directed to the outside of the battery level. In general, the protective devices can preferably be arranged on the outer sides of the outer battery cells of a battery level.

Due to the earlier occurring deformation of the particles 42 can the external force F already from the particles 42 the protection device 30 at least partially absorbed before the battery cells 21 . 22 . 23 damaged or deformed.

3 shows a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a third embodiment. The structure and function of the individual components is analogous to 1 , In contrast to 1 are in the respective housing 34 the protections 30 two partitions each 38 arranged.

The respective housing 34 is thus in three separate chambers 36 divided, whereby in the housing 34 three bedding areas 41 are formed. In this case, the respective partition 38 integral in the housing 34 be formed or in the housing 34 be used. The partitions 38 and the division into different bedding areas 41 in the chambers 36 have the advantage of evading the particles 42 can be avoided in a crash or impact of the vehicle. The bedding areas 41 For example, each have similar particles 42 with the same particle size, but differ in the bulk density. In particular, the chambers can continue 36 be formed with a same size or different volume of the housing.

4 shows a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment. The battery device 10 has a battery cell 20 and a protection device 30 on. Here is the protection device 30 on an outside of the battery cell 20 arranged. The outside of the battery cell 20 or the outer surface forms a protective section 32 the battery cell 20 , Accordingly, the protective device 30 to protect the battery cell 20 before a mechanical load on the protective section 32 the battery cell 20 arranged. The protection device 30 has a housing 34 on. The housing 34 Each is rectangular, for example, and extends over the entire length of the battery cell 20 , In the case 34 is one of deformable particles 42 formed particle bed 40 arranged. The particle bed 40 For example, in the case 34 Be poured through a corresponding recess.

The particles 40 are freely movable in the housing 34 arranged and not otherwise secured in position. This forms the particle bed 40 a loose particle bed. The particles 42 the particle bed 40 are formed as hollow balls.

The particles 42 the particle bed 40 are still such in the housing 34 arranged such that a layer-like particle distribution is formed. They are exemplified by three layers of particles 42 each formed with different size of the balls. In this case, a first layer is at the battery cell 20 facing side of the housing 34 , so arranged battery cell close. A second layer is centered and a third layer battery cell remote, so on the side facing away from the battery cell of the housing 34 arranged. The layers of the particle bed 40 are in contact with each other.

The particles 42 of the first layer have a higher deformation threshold than the particles of the second layer. The particles 42 The second layer has a higher deformation threshold than the particles of the third layer.

The particles of the third layer are easily deformed and therefore can very quickly and effectively absorb any impact energy in a crash or impact. In the second and first layer with the particles having a higher deformation threshold value, an absorption of the remaining impact energy can take place subsequently or with a time delay. It can therefore be a progression of the external force F realize, whereby the absorption of the impact energy can be adjusted precisely, thus damaging the battery cell 20 is efficiently prevented.

The particles 42 can break especially from a certain force from the outside. The force from the outside on the battery cell is exemplary by the force F and the corresponding power arrow. The power F can be caused by an impact or crash. It represents a mechanical stress on the battery device 10 acts.

Due to the progressive deformation of the particles 42 The three layers can be the external force F already from the particles 42 the three layers are at least partially absorbed before the battery cell 20 damaged or deformed. In other words, the particles serve 42 the particle bed 40 due to their deformation as a crash or energy absorber.

5 shows a schematic view of a battery device according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment. The battery device 10 has a battery cell 20 and a protection device 30 on. Here is the protection device 30 on an outside of the battery cell 20 arranged. The outside of the battery cell 20 or the outer surface forms a protective section 32 the battery cell 20 , Accordingly, the protective device 30 to protect the battery cell 20 before a mechanical load on the protective section 32 the battery cell 20 arranged. The protection device 30 has a housing 34 on. The housing 34 is exemplary rectangular and extends over the entire length of the battery cell 20 , In the case 34 is one of deformable particles 42 formed particle bed 40 arranged. The particle bed 40 For example, in the case 34 Be poured through a corresponding recess.

The particles 40 are freely movable in the housing 34 arranged and not otherwise secured in position. This forms the particle bed 40 a loose particle bed. The particles 42 the particle bed 40 are formed as hollow balls.

In the case 34 the protection device 30 are two partitions 38 arranged. The housing 34 is thus in three separate chambers 36 divided, whereby in the housing 34 three bedding areas 41 are formed. In this case, the respective partition 38 integral in the housing 34 be formed or in the housing 34 be used. The partitions 38 and the division into different bedding areas 41 in the chambers 36 have the advantage of evading the particles 42 can be avoided in a crash or impact of the vehicle.

In particular, in the centrally located chamber 36 particle 42 with a larger diameter than in the other two chambers 36 arranged. Due to the different formation of the particles 42 in terms of size may have a different absorption strength of the impact energy in a crash or impact between the different bedding areas 41 will be realized. By varying the formation of the particles 42 lets go of the protection device 30 variable and flexible adapt to different requirements and loads.

6 shows a schematic curve in each case a deformation of the particles of the particle bed and the battery cell. The abscissa shows the deformation path of a material in mm. Alternatively, the elongation in% can be indicated on the abscissa. On the ordinate is the force acting on it F plotted in the unit Newton. The dashed line shows an example of the deformation curve for the particles of the particle bed. The solid line shows the deformation curve for the battery cell. The abscissa also shows the deformation threshold DSW of the particle bed and the battery cell. The deformation threshold DSW of the battery cell is higher than the deformation threshold value of the particle bed.

The curve shape of the particle bed and the battery cell each show below the associated deformation threshold a range of elastic deformation. In this case, the force acting from the outside is still low enough that the respective material does not deform permanently or plastically. With increasing deformation travel or elongation, the amount of force also increases F , Above the respective deformation threshold, a plastic deformation takes place.

Here are the loads and due to the external force F triggered voltages in the respective material of the particle bed and the battery cell so large that it comes to a plastic deformation. During plastic deformation, the material does not return to its original shape and remains permanently damaged. If the force acting on the material is too great, the material may break as well. The material can then not be stretched further. The break is represented by the endpoints of the respective curve.

In the comparison of the two curves, it can be seen that the particles of the particle bed already deform more strongly at a low force or have a greater elongation than the battery cell. Furthermore, it can be seen that the particles of the particle bed already plastically deform or break at a lower force compared to the battery cell. As a result, the impact energy in a crash due to the deformation of the particle bed can advantageously be at least partially absorbed before a plastic irreversible deformation of the battery cell takes place.

It should be noted that 6 is only a schematic representation, and the curve can vary depending on the material of the battery cell or the particle bed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

battery device

20

battery cell

21

first battery cell

22

second battery cell

23

third battery cell

30

guard

32

protection section

34

casing

36

chamber

38

partition wall

40

particle bed

41

bed area

42

particle

44

friction surface

F

force

Claims (15)

Battery device (10) for an at least partially electrically powered vehicle, comprising at least one battery cell (20) and at least one protective device (30), wherein the protective device (30) for protecting the at least one battery cell (20) against mechanical stress on at least one protective portion (32) of the at least one battery cell (20) is arranged, and a housing (34) in which a particle bed (40) formed of deformable particles (42) is arranged, wherein a deformation threshold (DSW) of the particle bed (40) smaller is as a deformation threshold (DSW) of the at least one battery cell (20). Battery device (10) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the deformation threshold value (DSW) of the particle bed (40) has a value between at least 10% and at most 90% of the deformation threshold value (DSW) of the at least one battery cell (20). Battery device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles (42) of the particle bed (40) are at least partially formed of a porous material and / or hollow. Battery device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles (42) of the particle bed (40) each have at least partially a friction surface (44) for increasing the coefficient of friction between the particles (42). Battery device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles (42) of the particle bed (40) by similar, in particular equal-sized, preferably spherical or substantially spherical particles (42) are formed. Battery device (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the particles (42) of the particle bed (40) are different, in particular different in size, are formed and have a different deformation threshold (DSW). Battery device (10) after Claim 6 , characterized in that the particles (42) of the particle bed (40) are arranged in the housing (34) such that a layer-like particle distribution is formed, wherein the particles (42) with a high deformation threshold (DSW) close to the battery cell and the particles ( 42) are arranged battery cell remote with a low deformation threshold (DSW). Battery device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (34) is divided into at least two chambers (36) by means of a partition wall (38), whereby in the housing (34) at least two filling regions (41) are formed , Battery device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (34) has at least two insertable chamber modules, wherein the particle bed (40) is arranged in each case in the chamber module. Battery device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the housing (34) at least two different filling regions (41) are formed with different particle density and / or particle size. Battery device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (34) at least partially forms a cooling channel for cooling the battery cell (20). Battery device (10) after Claim 11 , characterized in that the particles (42) of the particle bed (40) are arranged in the cooling channel. Battery device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of protective devices (30) for preventing mechanical stress on a plurality of sides, in particular on opposite sides, of the battery cell (20) are arranged. Protective device (30) for a battery device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective device (30) can be arranged to protect at least one battery cell (20) against mechanical stress on at least one protective section (32) of the at least one battery cell (20) and a housing (34), in which a particle bed (40) formed from deformable particles (42) is arranged, wherein a deformation threshold value (DSW) of the particle bed (40) is smaller than a deformation threshold (DSW) of the at least one battery cell (20). Method for producing a battery device (10) for an at least partially electrically driven vehicle according to one of Claims 1 to 13 comprising the steps of: providing at least one battery cell (20) and at least one protection device (30) with a housing (34); - introducing a particle bed (40) of deformable particles (42) into the housing (34) of the protective device (30); - Arranging the protection device (30) on at least one protective portion (32) of the at least one battery cell (20).

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