DE102018130666A1 - Vehicle parking lock device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle parking lock device (1) comprising an actuator (2) and a parking lock mechanism (3), the actuator (2) interacting with the parking lock mechanism (3) in such a way that the parking lock mechanism (3) is moved into one by the actuator (2) Parking lock locking position and a parking lock release position can be transferred, the parking lock mechanism (3) comprising a parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4), the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) a parking lock pawl (5), a parking lock frame (6), the parking lock pawl (5) being pivotable 6 relative to the parking lock frame ) and has a spring preload mechanism (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) which, when the actuator (2) fails, transfers the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) to a parking lock locking position or a parking lock release position, the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) being pivotable is stored in the parking lock housing (13) and an emergency opening mechanism (11) i m parking lock housing (13) is arranged and interacts with the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) in such a way that the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) can be pivoted out of a parking lock locking position via a movement of the emergency opening mechanism (11).

Description

The present invention relates to a vehicle parking lock device comprising an actuator and a parking lock mechanism, the actuator interacting with the parking lock mechanism in such a way that the parking lock mechanism can be moved into a parking lock locking position and a parking lock release position by the actuator, the parking lock mechanism comprising a parking lock pivot lever mechanism, the parking lock pivot lever, wherein the parking lock pivot lever a parking lock frame, wherein the parking lock pawl is pivotally mounted relative to the parking lock frame, and has a spring preload mechanism which, when the actuator fails, transfers the parking lock pivot lever mechanism to a parking lock locking position or into a parking lock release position when the actuator fails.

In order to prevent motor vehicles from rolling away unintentionally, e.g. B. on a slope, vehicles can have a vehicle parking lock device, which causes a positive locking of the driven vehicle wheels within the vehicle drive train and thus prevents the motor vehicle from rolling away. In this way, a function is implemented in the vehicle in a manner similar to a handbrake, a handbrake usually being intended to prevent the driven vehicle wheels from being locked in a force-locking manner, in the case of a vehicle parking lock device this is effected by a form-fitting securing within the vehicle drive train.

In particular if non-mechanical components are installed in a vehicle drive train of a motor vehicle, such as in automatic transmissions with hydrodynamic torque converters or vehicles with an electric drive, vehicle parking lock devices serve to prevent the vehicle from rolling away unintentionally in the event of a vehicle standstill or when the engine is switched off. For this purpose, the vehicle parking lock device can be activated mechanically, electrically and / or hydraulically by the driver using a parking lock operating device.

The vehicle parking lock device typically blocks a shaft within the power flow in a vehicle drive train, for example an automatic transmission or a downstream differential axle transmission. The shaft to be blocked is selected such that its blocking reliably prevents the drive wheels of the motor vehicle from moving.

When parking a vehicle on a slope, for example, the vehicle weight may vary depending on e.g. generate large forces on the parking lock mechanism from the wheel diameter and the gear ratio. Since these high applied forces have to be overcome when unlocking the vehicle parking lock device on a slope, a purely manual unlocking cannot always be carried out safely and easily for a user, so that meanwhile electrical and / or hydraulic actuators have established themselves to effect this unlocking with assistance .

A parking lock operating device is typically arranged in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle to control the actuator and / or the parking lock mechanism. In principle, various mechanical, electro-hydraulic and electromechanical parking lock operating devices are known. Mechanical parking lock operating devices for actuating the vehicle parking lock device include, for example, a Bowden cable between the selector lever arranged in the passenger compartment and parking lock technology. In modern motor vehicles, the switching commands from the parking lock operating device are generally transmitted exclusively by means of electrical or electronic signals. In other words, with regard to a vehicle parking lock device, this means that the actuation of the vehicle parking lock device is also usually carried out electrically, electrohydraulically and / or hydraulically.

In addition to a manual actuation of the parking lock operating device by a user, under certain circumstances the actuation of the vehicle parking locking device can also take place automatically, for example if the parking lock is automatically inserted when the ignition key is removed or the motor vehicle is left.

In order to avoid operating errors or to counter failure of electrical, hydraulic or electrohydraulic actuators as well as electromagnetic holding devices, a parking lock pivot lever mechanism of a vehicle parking lock device usually has a biasing spring mechanism in which a biasing spring acts on the parking lock pivot lever mechanism when a securing situation occurs, in order to ensure a secure positive locking or unlocking lock to bring about the parking lock mechanism.

The different modes of operation of the biasing spring mechanism result from the different modes of behavior which a vehicle parking lock device is intended to show in the event of failure of an electromagnetic holding device and / or an actuator. It is usually customary to configure a vehicle parking lock device with a “normally close” mode of operation, with which without Application of an external assistant, the vehicle parking lock device automatically engages the locking state. In the event of a fault, it is ensured that the vehicle parking lock device always locks the vehicle parking lock device securely as soon as the vehicle comes to a stop, even without electrical energy or hydraulic pressure. During the movement of the vehicle, in order to keep the vehicle parking lock device open in the unlocking position, energy must be applied permanently, for example by means of hydraulic pressure or by means of an energized electromagnet.

If the vehicle parking lock device is in its locked state, the vehicle cannot be moved. An emergency opening mechanism must therefore usually be provided in order to allow the vehicle parking lock device to be unlocked and thus the vehicle to be moved.

Mechanical and auxiliary assisted emergency opening mechanisms are known in principle. With the mechanical emergency opening mechanisms, the pretensioning mechanism of the vehicle parking lock device is usually manually unlocked or relaxed. As an alternative to this, redundant energy supply can also be provided, which make it possible to open the vehicle parking lock device via the actuator of the vehicle parking lock device with assistance.

A redundant energy supply is costly and possibly space-intensive and also prone to errors. In addition, a failure in normal operation is usually not noticed, so that this function is not available in an emergency.

Systems in which the pretensioning mechanism for the emergency opening has to be moved / relocated directly or indirectly require mechanical accessibility. If this is not the case due to the surrounding installation space situation, accessibility can be achieved if necessary, but this is space-intensive and cost-intensive and therefore often not effective.

If accessibility "from below" is required, this can mean that the gear oil runs out or has to be drained for the emergency opening - which unacceptably complicates the effort for the emergency opening and the reworking to restore the normal operating state and significantly extends the time.

The object of the present invention is to develop a mechanical emergency opening possibility for vehicle parking lock devices of the type described in the introduction in such a way that it is inexpensive and easy to manufacture and has a compact design.

This object is achieved by a vehicle parking lock device comprising an actuator and a parking lock mechanism, the actuator interacting with the parking lock mechanism in such a way that the parking lock mechanism can be transferred into a parking lock locking position and a parking lock release position by the actuator, the parking lock mechanism comprising a parking lock pivot lever locking mechanism, the parking lock mechanism pivot lever, wherein the parking lock mechanism , a parking lock frame, wherein the parking lock pawl is pivotally mounted relative to the parking lock frame, and has a spring preload mechanism which, when the actuator fails, transfers the parking lock pivot lever mechanism to a parking lock locking position or into a parking lock release position, the parking lock pivot lever mechanism being pivotally mounted in the parking lock housing and an emergency opening housing and so with the parking lock pivot mech anik cooperates that the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism can be pivoted out of a parking lock locking position via a movement of the emergency opening mechanism.

The vehicle parking lock device according to the invention enables particularly favorable manufacture and a particularly compact design of a vehicle parking lock device to be achieved.

The individual technical elements of the vehicle parking lock device according to the invention are explained in more detail below. Following this, particularly preferred refinements and developments of the vehicle parking lock device according to the invention are described.

A vehicle parking lock device typically includes an actuator which, for the purpose of locking the vehicle parking lock device, acts on a parking lock mechanism which then brings about a form-locking locking within the vehicle drive train for blocking the driven vehicle wheels.

The parking lock mechanism converts the movement applied by the actuator into one on the drive train of the vehicle Acting movement for the purpose of positive locking and blocking the driven vehicle wheels.

In the case of a parking lock swivel lever mechanism, the movement acted upon by the actuator is effected in a movement acting on the drive train of the vehicle for the purpose of positive locking and blocking of the driven vehicle wheels by means of a parking lock pawl pivotably mounted in the parking lock swivel lever mechanism.

Here, the parking pawl can be pivoted between its locking position and its release position about a parking pawl bearing.

The parking lock pivot lever mechanism also has a parking lock frame, on which in particular the parking lock pawl and the spring preloading mechanism are arranged. The parking lock frame has the function of receiving and arranging these elements of the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism in a defined position relative to one another, so that their geometric relationships and / or kinematic relationships to one another are defined.

In order to avoid operating errors or to counter failure of electromagnetic holding devices, a parking lock pivot lever mechanism usually has a biasing spring mechanism, in which a biasing spring acts on the parking lock pivot lever mechanism when a securing situation occurs, in order to bring about a secure positive locking or secure unlocking of the parking lock mechanism.

The biasing spring guide guides the biasing spring of the biasing spring mechanism along a defined spring travel. This ensures a defined behavior of the spring force and the course of the spring force along the guided spring travel of the biasing spring.

The biasing spring is usually in a preloaded state in order to move the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism to a predefined state under spring force. As a rule, the biasing spring acts directly or indirectly on the parking lock pawl in order to pivot it out of its locking position or into its locking position. In this way, for example, a “normally close” mode of operation of the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism can be implemented, in which, after the electrical or hydraulic securing of the vehicle parking locking device has ceased to be in its unlocked position, the parking lock pawl of the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism is pivoted into its locking position under spring force.

The parking lock pivot lever mechanism can further comprise in particular a parking lock pawl and a parking lock pawl bearing, the parking pawl being pivotally received in the parking lock pawl mounting. The parking lock pawl is used to create a positive, detachable connection between the parking lock mechanism and the vehicle drive train.

The parking lock pawl engages positively in the vehicle drive train in its locked position, so that rotation of the driven vehicle wheels is blocked. In its release position, the parking lock pawl is spaced from the vehicle drive train, that is to say it is not in positive engagement with it, so that rotation of the driven vehicle wheels is made possible.

For this purpose, a corresponding parking lock wheel is formed within the vehicle drive train, for example, in which the parking lock pawl engages in a form-fitting manner to secure the vehicle against unintentional rolling.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the emergency opening mechanism acts on the parking lock frame of the parking lock pivot lever mechanism ( 4th ) a.

In an advantageous further development of the invention, the emergency opening mechanism comprises an emergency opening screw, wherein the parking lock pivot lever mechanism can be pivoted out of a parking lock locking position by rotating the emergency opening screw. This enables a simple construction of an emergency opening mechanism.

The construction of the vehicle parking lock device according to the invention can be further simplified by the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism being pivoted about the ratchet pin. As a result, the pivot axis of the parking lock pawl and the parking lock pivot lever mechanism coincide.

In order to increase the stability of the vehicle parking lock device, the emergency opening screw can have a sliding surface for contacting the prestressing spring guide, which is guided in a linearly movable manner on this sliding surface in the closed position of the emergency opening screw. In an advantageous further development, the sliding surface of the emergency opening screw can be formed from a hardened steel.

As an alternative to a rotary movement for emergency unlocking, the emergency opening mechanism can have a displaceable spacer element, which is arranged in the closed position of the emergency opening mechanism between the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism and the parking lock housing, so that the spacing element is supported on the parking lock housing by the To fix the parking lock pivot lever mechanism in its closed position and wherein a displacement of the spacing element into an open position has the effect that the parking lock pivot lever mechanism can be pivoted out of its parking lock locking position.

• 1 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild der Fahrzeugparksperrenvorrichtung
• 2 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform der Fahrzeugparksperrenvorrichtung in einer Schnittansicht mit einer Notöffnungsschraube in ihrer Verschlussposition
• 3 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform der Fahrzeugparksperrenvorrichtung in einer Schnittansicht mit einer Notöffnungsschraube in ihrer Öffnungsposition
• 4 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der Fahrzeugparksperrenvorrichtung in einer Schnittansicht mit einem Abstandselement in seiner Verschlussposition
• 5 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der Fahrzeugparksperrenvorrichtung in einer Schnittansicht mit einem Abstandselement in seiner Öffnungsposition

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. Technical features with the same function are provided with identical reference symbols in the figures. Show it:

• 1 shows a block diagram of the vehicle parking lock device
• 2nd shows a first embodiment of the vehicle parking lock device in a sectional view with an emergency opening screw in its closed position
• 3rd shows a first embodiment of the vehicle parking lock device in a sectional view with an emergency opening screw in its open position
• 4th shows a second embodiment of the vehicle parking lock device in a sectional view with a spacer in its closed position
• 5 shows a second embodiment of the vehicle parking lock device in a sectional view with a spacer in its open position

1 shows a block diagram of the vehicle parking lock device 1 . The vehicle parking lock device 1 includes an actuator 2nd the one with a parking lock mechanism 3rd is connected. The parking lock mechanism 3rd converts that from the actuator 2nd applied movement in a on the vehicle drive train 16 Acting movement for the purpose of positive locking and blocking the driven vehicle wheels 17th .

The parking lock mechanism 3rd includes a parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th . Using the parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th is that of the actuator 2nd applied movement in a on the vehicle drive train 16 Acting movement for the purpose of positive locking and blocking the driven vehicle wheels 17th by means of a in the parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th pivoting parking lock pawl 5 causes. The parking pawl 5 intervenes at a suitable point on the vehicle drive train 16 form-fitting one so that the vehicle wheels 17th secured against unintentional rolling away.

Below is the parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th discussed in more detail.

First, the 2nd and 3rd explained. 2nd and 3rd show them off 1 well-known parking lock pivot mechanism 4th .

The vehicle parking lock device 1 includes an actuator 2nd , which has an electromotive actuator drive, and a parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th , the actuator 2nd such with the parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th that interacts with the parking lock pivot mechanism 4th by the actuator 2nd is convertible into a parking lock locking position and a parking lock release position.

The parking lock swivel mechanism 4th includes a parking lock pawl 5 , a parking lock frame 6 , with the parking lock pawl 5 swiveling in relation to the parking lock frame 6 around the jack bolt 12 is mounted around, and a spring biasing mechanism 5 , 6 , 7 , 8th , 9 which the parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th in the event of actuator failure 2nd spring-loaded transferred to a parking lock locking position.

The entire parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th is in the parking lock housing 13 also around the jack bolt 12 pivoted, which is particularly due to a synopsis of 2nd and 3rd is recognizable.

There is also an emergency opening screw 11 as an emergency opening mechanism in the parking lock housing 13 rotatably arranged. The emergency opening screw 11 acts in this way with the parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th together that over a rotation of the emergency opening screw 11 the parking lock swivel mechanism 4th is pivotable out of a parking lock locking position.

The emergency opening screw 11 has a sliding surface for contacting the preload spring guide, which is in the closed position of the emergency opening screw 11 is guided in a linearly movable manner on this sliding surface. The sliding surface of the emergency opening screw 11 is especially made of hardened steel. This has the advantage that the parking lock frame 6 does not have to be hardened in order to be able to support the supporting forces without plastic deformation. With this version it is - unlike in the 2nd and 3rd shown, also possible that the parking lock frame 6 even fixed to the parking lock housing 13 is attached and only the parking lock pawl with preload spring for emergency opening 7 and preload spring guide 8th to release the parking lock wheel 14 is swung out.

Basically, it is also conceivable that the emergency opening mechanism 11 on the parking lock frame 6 the parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th acts, which however in 2nd is not shown.

For emergency opening - which in 3rd is shown - the emergency opening screw 11 by a certain amount from the parking lock housing 13 unscrewed so that the complete parking lock pivot lever mechanism 4th around jack bolts 12 due to the repelling force of the parking lock teeth 19th swings away and thereby the parking lock wheel 14 releases. The emergency opening screw is used to restore the regular operating state 11 just screwed back in completely and with the required torque.

4th and 5 show a further embodiment of the vehicle parking lock device according to the invention 1 .

Instead of an emergency opening screw is in the 4th shown embodiment a spacer 18th between preload spring guide 8th or parking lock frame 6 and support surface in the parking lock housing 13 provided, which can be moved for emergency opening, for example by means of a screw, preferably in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the support force and thus frees up a space in which the parking lock pawl 5 completely from the parking lock gear teeth 19th of the parking lock wheel 14 can pivot. This is good in 5 recognizable. The specific direction of movement can be freely selected within this plane perpendicular to the direction of the supporting force, so that the space requirements within the vehicle transmission 15 can be easily taken into account. Here, too, are both above the prestressing spring guide 8th closed and open constructions of the parking lock frame 6 possible analogous to the versions with emergency opening screw 11 .

Reference symbol list

1

Vehicle parking lock device

2nd

Actuator

3rd

Parking lock mechanism

4th

Parking lock pivot mechanism

5

Parking pawl

6

Parking lock frame

7

Preload spring

8th

Preload spring guide

9

Preload spring support extension

10th

Parking pawl tooth

11

Emergency opening screw

12

Jack bolt

13

Parking lock housing

14

Parking lock wheel

15

Vehicle transmission

16

Vehicle powertrain

17th

Vehicle wheels

18th

Spacer

Claims (7)

Vehicle parking lock device (1) comprising • an actuator (2) and • a parking lock mechanism (3), the actuator (2) interacting with the parking lock mechanism (3) in such a way that the parking lock mechanism (3) is moved into a parking lock locking position by the actuator (2) a parking lock release position can be transferred, • the parking lock mechanism (3) comprising a parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4), • the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) • a parking lock pawl (5), • a parking lock frame (6), the parking lock pawl (5) being pivotable relative to the parking lock frame (6) is mounted, • and has a spring pretensioning mechanism (5,6,7,8,9) which, when the actuator (2) fails, transfers the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) into a parking lock locking position or into a parking lock release position, characterized in that the Parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) is pivotally mounted in the parking lock housing (13) and an emergency opening mechanism us (11) is arranged in the parking lock housing (13) and interacts with the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) such that the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) can be pivoted out of a parking lock locking position by moving the emergency opening mechanism (11). Vehicle parking lock device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emergency opening mechanism (11) acts on the parking lock frame (6) of the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4). Vehicle parking lock device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emergency opening mechanism (11) comprises an emergency opening screw (11), the parking lock pivoting lever mechanism (4) being pivotable out of a parking lock locking position by rotating the emergency opening screw (11). Vehicle parking lock device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) is pivotably articulated around the ratchet pin (12). Vehicle parking lock device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the emergency opening screw (11) has a sliding surface for contacting the prestressing spring guide, which is guided in a linearly movable manner on this sliding surface in the closed position of the emergency opening screw (11). Vehicle parking lock device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding surface of the emergency opening screw (11) is formed from a hardened steel Vehicle parking lock device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emergency opening mechanism (11) has a displaceable spacer element (18) which is arranged in the closed position of the emergency opening mechanism (11) between the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) and the parking lock housing (13) , so that the spacer element (18) is supported on the parking lock housing (13) in order to fix the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) in its closed position, and displacement of the spacer element (18) into an open position causes the parking lock pivot lever mechanism (4) to move out of it Parking lock locking position is pivoted out.

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