DE102018119247A1 - Measuring system and measuring system group - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring system (2) for determining a load (40) exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail (4) and a measuring system group (28) with at least two such measuring systems (2). The measuring system (2) has a rail (4 ), a rail support (6) and at least two multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d). The at least two multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) are non-positively arranged on both sides of a central longitudinal plane (10) of the rail (4) between the rail (4) and the rail support (6).

Description

The invention relates to a measuring system for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail and to a measuring system group with at least two such measuring systems.

In order to ensure or increase safety in a rail traffic in which rail vehicles run in a rail network, the rail traffic or the rail vehicles - running on tracks or rails of the rail network - are monitored by means of appropriate monitoring systems.

Here - with such monitoring systems - stationary, i.e. H. Monitoring systems arranged on the rails are known, which determine loads acting on the rails, in particular when rail vehicles are in operation on the rails of the rail network or run over them.

For example, the document “MULTIRAIL WheelScan”, schenkprocess, BV-D2144DE, 2013, describes with the “MULTIRAIL WheelScan” system such a fixed monitoring system. "MULTIRAIL WheelScan" provides a measuring concrete threshold (load cell) integrated in a rail and equipped with measuring sensors, whose measuring sensors measure the loads, i. H. here vertical forces - due to weight and tracking forces on the rail - measure with high precision - and for wheel diagnosis, wagon detection, line load control or load control and the like. Ä. evaluate.

A force measurement can be implemented in different ways - using appropriate physical (active) principles.

A well-known (active) principle for force measurement is "elastic deformation with resistance measurement" - in short, strain gauge technology.

Here measuring devices, i. H. So-called strain gauges (strain gauges, in short also strain gauge sensors), the essential component of which is a resistance wire, are used to detect stretching and compressing deformations.

Strain gauges or the resistance wires change their electrical resistance even with slight deformations (which can then be measured for the strain measurement or by which the strain is measured) - and are therefore used as strain sensors.

DMS is glued with (special) glue to components (which create a material connection between the DMS and the component), which deform minimally under load. This deformation (elongation) then leads to a change in the resistance of the strain gauge or the resistance wire.

Another known (active) principle for force measurement is piezoelectricity.

Piezoelectricity describes the change in the electrical polarization and thus the occurrence of an electrical charge shift on solids, i. H. piezoelectric materials, if they are elastically deformed (direct piezo effect), which subsequently leads to a measurable voltage.

Here, measuring devices, i.e. H. So-called piezo bodies ("piezo force measuring sensors" for short, or just "piezo sensors"), the essential component of which is the piezoelectric material, for example quartz, are used to detect elastic deformations.

The piezo force measuring sensor / piezo sensor is built into a force flow (which creates a non-positive connection between the piezo sensor and a component) so that a (process) force to be measured flows over the piezo sensor, which deforms it elastically , which leads to a change in the electrical charge in the piezoelectric material of the piezo sensor and thus to a measurable voltage.

From "Kistler, force sensors, 960-262d-03.16, © 2016, Kistler Group", there are a variety of strain gauge and piezo sensors - also in the form of multi-component sensors (here the sensor is able to simultaneously apply forces in several Spatial directions, ie (spatial) axes to measure) - known.

In the WO 2012/131683 A2 is described in the determination of a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail, a measuring system, ie a pressure mat with a plurality of uniaxial piezo sensors, each measuring a contact force, ie a vertical force, to be non-positively attached between a rail and a rail support (see. WO 2012/131683 A2 . 4 ).

The strikes further WO 2012/131683 A2 - with a second, different version - also before, for the determination of a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail several measuring systems, in this case several strain gauge sensors (also with a piezo material as strain or strain gauges), designated there as a sensor patch in certain places, not however, stick it on the rail foot and on the rail floor (so as not to disturb the rail sleeper and rail fastening) directly on the surface of the rail (cohesively), in order to measure uniaxial strains locally at these locations (cf. WO 2012/131683 A2 . 5 ).

It is an object of the invention to provide a measuring system that can be implemented easily and inexpensively and that measures accurately to determine a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail.

This object is achieved by a measuring system for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail and a measuring system group with the features of the respective independent claim.

Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims and the following description. In addition, the features described below can relate both to the measuring system according to the invention and to the measuring system group according to the invention.

Terms such as "up", "up", "down" or "below" are to be understood according to the usual understanding with regard to the direction of the perpendicular / gravity.

The measuring system for determining a load exerted on a rail by a rail vehicle, for example a railcar, passenger or freight wagon, in particular a transverse force exerted on the rail by the rail vehicle, sees a rail, for example a railroad or tram rail, and a rail support, like a threshold or a concrete bed.

The rail is expediently - directly or indirectly - attached to the rail support.

Such a rail customarily and expediently has a - usually (in cross-section) wide, flat - rail foot, a perpendicular - usually (in cross-section) narrow - rail web and an arranged at an upper end of the rail web - mostly (in cross-section) thickened - Rail head open.

The rail foot, the rail web and the rail head can be formed in one piece. Likewise, the rail can be a straight rail (in the longitudinal direction of the rail) or also a rail arch (i.e., a rail which is bent in the longitudinal direction thereof).

The track for wheels of the rail vehicle is expediently formed on the rail head. Here, the rail vehicle contacts the rail, with the load exerted on the rail by the rail vehicle, ie. H. Forces in all spatial directions, for example vertical, lateral (or lateral or transverse) and longitudinal forces (with respect to an inertial or rail-fixed (coordinate) system), are transmitted to the rail or introduced into the rail.

For fastening the rail to the rail support, the rail foot can be fastened or generally screwed to the rail support, such as the sleeper or the concrete bed, with prestress if necessary, for example with tensioning clamps.

Furthermore, the measuring system has at least two multi-axis, in particular three-axis, piezo force measurement sensors. The at least two piezo force measurement sensors are non-positively arranged on both sides of a central longitudinal plane of the rail between the rail and the rail support.

In short, to put it simply and clearly, the at least two piezo force measuring sensors are arranged "left" and "right" of the middle of the rail in a force-fitting manner between the rail and the rail support.

The force flow of the load or forces (applied by the rail vehicle to the rail) flows - with the non-positive arrangement of the at least two multi-axis piezo force measurement sensors - from the rail via the piezo force measurement sensors into the rail support - and can be multi-axis from the at least two multi-axis piezo force measurement sensors. H. in the several axes or spatial directions.

The - non-positive - placement of the piezo force measuring sensors on both sides of the central longitudinal plane of the rail or "left" and "right" of the middle of the rail also enables a "more uniform" force transmission or a "more uniform" force flow to or via the piezo force measuring sensors, which improves the accuracy of the measurement can increase.

An application for both threshold and concrete installation is easily possible. In other words, the rail support can be a sleeper, for example a wooden or concrete sleeper, or a concrete bed.

"Axial" (in connection with the multi-axis piezo force measurement sensor) can mean that the piezo force measurement sensor measures the force in the direction of one or the one axis (axis or Direction). “Two-axis” or “three-axis” can then mean that the multi-axis, in particular three-axis, piezo force measurement sensor is able to measure forces in two, in particular three, axis directions or spatial directions at the same time.

So - especially if the multi-axis piezo force measurement sensor is a three-axis piezo force measurement sensor - this three-axis piezo force measurement sensor can simultaneously measure the forces in (all) three axis directions (a Cartesian coordinate system) or spatial directions (a geodetic 3D space system).

Depending on the orientation of the (respective) piezo force measuring sensor or the (measuring) axes of the piezo force measuring sensor with respect to (the rail), the piezo force measuring sensor can - in a simple manner - measure forces vertically, laterally and / or longitudinally to the rail.

In short, the at least two, multi-, in particular triaxial, piezo force measuring sensors provided in the measuring system can measure forces “on” (contact force), “transversely” (lateral / lateral force) and / or “longitudinally” (longitudinal force) of the rail.

In other words, if, for example, lateral or transverse forces on the rail are to be measured, it is advisable to align the at least two multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors with one of its measuring axes / measuring directions in accordance with this transverse force direction. In particular, curve shear forces (i.e. the rail is a rail arch here) can also be measured in this way.

If, for example, the multi-axis piezo force measurement sensor - in the case of a two-axis piezo force measurement sensor - is aligned with its two axes vertically and laterally to the rail, it can measure contact forces and lateral or lateral forces on the rail in a simple and direct / immediate manner.

Appropriately, the multi-axis piezo force measurement sensor - in the case of a three-axis piezo force measurement sensor - is aligned with its three axes vertically, laterally and longitudinally to the rail, this can measure contact forces, lateral or transverse forces and longitudinal forces on the rail in a simple and direct / immediate manner.

A particular advantage of the measuring system is that it can be implemented without having to intervene significantly in existing structural conditions (in the case of tracks or rails) and without having to change the rail. This makes the measuring system particularly suitable for green and brownfield applications.

Depending on the (more extensive) type of piezo force measurement sensors - in addition to their multi-axis force measurement, for example as 6-component force / torque measurement sensors - in addition to (multi-axis) force measurement, the measurement of (multi-axis) moments, especially moments in all, is also required (three) spatial directions possible. A complete description of the load / stress condition at the measuring location or on the rail is possible.

It is expedient, because it is particularly simple in terms of construction, if the non-positive, at least two multi-axis piezo force measurement sensors arranged between the rail and the rail support touch the rail on the underside of the rail foot of the rail and / or the rail support on an upper side of the rail support.

For example, it can be provided here to replace a plate, such as a Pandrol / ribbed plate, which was arranged between the rail and the rail support in previous rail-to-rail fastening systems (simple “retrofitting” in existing track systems).

This means that the measuring system is placed in the installation space of such a Pandrol / ribbed plate under the rail - and can be pre-tensioned with fastening elements or with the existing (or slightly adapted) Pandrol fastening elements.

In other words, it can be expedient if the rail is braced against the rail support using a fastening, in particular a Pandrol fastening, as a result of which the measuring system can thus be preloaded or preloaded.

It is also useful if - to protect the measuring system or the piezo force measuring sensors against external factors such as water (tightness), dirt, (other) mechanical loads and the like. The multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors are arranged, in particular cast, in a, in particular elastic, casting body, for example a (measuring) plate or (measuring) mat, in particular then made of a casting resin and / or a (PU) casting compound ,

The, in particular elastic, casting body can partially or completely enclose the piezo force measurement sensor (s), for example (only) laterally or laterally and above or below.

This, in particular elastic, casting body can then, like the Pandrol ribbed plate, be arranged or be between the rail and the rail support (cf. simple “retrofitting”).

Electrical connections in the measuring system, in particular in the piezo force measuring sensors, can also be integrated into the, in particular elastic, casting body.

In addition to the protection and the tightness of the measuring system or the piezo force measuring sensors, the potting body or the potting also simultaneously closes the construction or cavity between the rail and the rail support, so that no foreign objects, such as bulk material, can become jammed in this area, what otherwise could lead to incorrect measurements.

In order to increase the reliability and / or accuracy in the measuring system, it may be expedient if more than two, i.e. H. three or more than three are used by the piezo force measuring sensors.

If, for example, more than two of the piezo force measuring sensors are used in an odd number in the measuring system, it is expedient that one of the piezo force measuring sensors is arranged approximately in the central longitudinal plane of the rail.

This piezo force measuring sensor can expediently (also) be arranged approximately in the central longitudinal plane of the, in particular elastic, casting body, in the, in particular elastic, casting body.

It can also be provided that exactly two or exactly four (or even more in an even number) are used by the piezo force measuring sensors, which are arranged essentially symmetrically, in particular symmetrically in pairs, to the central longitudinal plane of the rail.

These piezo force measurement sensors can expediently (also) be arranged symmetrically, in particular symmetrically in pairs, to the central longitudinal plane of the, in particular elastic, casting body, in the, in particular elastic, casting body.

In a further development it can also be provided that at least on one side, in particular on both sides, of the rail in the region of the at least two multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors arranged between the rail and the rail support, one or respectively one side limiting element is arranged, the side limiting element or elements with play relative to the rail is or are arranged.

In simple terms, if there is play between such a side limiting element and the rail, the force flow can flow via the piezo force measurement sensor (s) without “secondary flow” or error. On the other hand - a (transverse) load on the rail is so great that it deforms and / or shifts in such a way that the rail comes to a stop on the side delimitation element - this side delimitation element can then advance the rail and / or the measuring system (further ) Protect damage or even destruction.

Furthermore, an evaluation unit can also be provided, which is set up in such a way that, using the force signals supplied by the multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors, a load exerted by a rail vehicle on the rail, in particular a lateral force exerted by the rail vehicle on the rail, for example a lateral and contact force , can be determined.

The force signals can be wired or wirelessly transmitted to the evaluation unit. The evaluation unit can be arranged in a control room / control room and / or control center / room.

Expediently, in particular by means of the evaluation unit (or corresponding systems), monitoring information for the rail vehicle, for example wheel damage to the rail vehicle, or also for the rail can be calculated from the load.

Another such monitoring information can be, for example, a wheel, wheelset or rail vehicle load or a load distribution on a rail vehicle.

The monitoring information preferably describes an imperfection of the rail vehicle, in particular a wheel, a wheel bearing or a wheel set of the rail vehicle, or also the rail and / or the monitoring information is load or weight information of the rail vehicle, in particular a wheel or wheel set of the rail vehicle, and / or a rail information.

In this case, imperfection can in particular be understood to mean a deviation (of a component) from a predetermined state or standard state (of the component). A wheel damage to a wheel of a rail vehicle, for example in the form or expressed (or determined) by a Radius deviation, for example, would be an imperfection - a rail vehicle wheel.

The monitoring information can then be used for wheel diagnosis, wagon detection, line load control or loading control.

In other words, the measuring system can be used - in particular as part of a monitoring system or (rail traffic) monitoring - to determine a load exerted by a rail vehicle on the rail, in particular a contact force and lateral force exerted by the rail vehicle on the rail ,

Monitoring information can then be determined from the loads, which in turn can be used for wheel diagnosis, wagon detection, line load control or loading control.

In other words, the measuring system can be used to monitor the condition of a rail vehicle, in particular a wheel or tire condition of the rail vehicle, or a rail or track. This condition monitoring is then carried out using the load exerted by the rail vehicle on the rail, determined in particular by means of the measuring system, in particular a lateral force exerted on the rail by the rail vehicle or contact force and lateral force.

At least two of the measuring systems are provided in the measuring system group, the measuring systems each being arranged at a predefinable longitudinal distance in the longitudinal direction of the rails from one another (“one behind the other”).

This longitudinal distance can be adapted to a rail support distance, for example a threshold distance, or can suitably correlate with this. In other words, the measuring system is placed on two or three or more consecutive sleepers (in the longitudinal direction of the rail).

For example, such a longitudinal distance can be approximately 2 m to 4 m.

If a track provides two parallel rails (at a track gauge distance), it can also be provided that the at least two of the measuring systems are also arranged next to one another, approximately at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the rails, at approximately the same height for the two parallel rails of the track ,

If a large number of the measuring systems are installed, they can be placed several times next to and behind one another.

The description given to date of advantageous embodiments of the invention contains numerous features, some of which are summarized in the individual subclaims. However, these features can expediently also be considered individually and combined into useful further combinations. In particular, these features can be combined individually and in any suitable combination with the measuring system according to the invention and the measuring system group according to the invention.

Even if some terms are used in the singular or in connection with a number word in the description or in the patent claims, the scope of the invention for these terms should not be restricted to the singular or the respective number word. Furthermore, the words "a" or "one" are not to be understood as numerical words, but as indefinite articles.

The above-described properties, features and advantages of the invention and the manner in which they are achieved can be more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are explained in more detail in connection with the drawings or figures (same parts / components and functions have the same reference numerals in the drawings / figures). The exemplary embodiments serve to explain the invention and do not restrict the invention to combinations of features specified therein, not even with regard to functional features. In addition, suitable features of each exemplary embodiment can also be considered explicitly in isolation, removed from one exemplary embodiment, incorporated into another exemplary embodiment to supplement it, and combined with any of the claims.

• 1 ein Messsystem zur Ermittlung einer von einem Schienenfahrzeug auf eine Schiene ausgeübten Belastung gemäß einer ersten Ausführung (Ansicht von oben),
• 2 das Messsystem zur Ermittlung einer von einem Schienenfahrzeug auf eine Schiene ausgeübten Belastung gemäß der ersten Ausführung (Schnitt, Ansicht von vorne),
• 3 einen Kräfteplan für das Messsystem zur Ermittlung einer von einem Schienenfahrzeug auf eine Schiene ausgeübten Belastung gemäß der ersten Ausführung,
• 4a, b jeweils einen Teil von Messsystemen zur Ermittlung einer von einem Schienenfahrzeug auf eine Schiene ausgeübten Belastung gemäß verschiedener weiteren Ausführungen,
• 5a, b jeweils einen Teil von Messsystemen zur Ermittlung einer von einem Schienenfahrzeug auf eine Schiene ausgeübten Belastung gemäß verschiedener weiteren Ausführungen,
• 6 eine Messsystemgruppe aus insgesamt sechs Messsystemen zur Ermittlung einer von einem Schienenfahrzeug auf eine Schiene ausgeübten Belastung gemäß der ersten Ausführung bei einem Gleis.

Show it:

• 1 a measuring system for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail according to a first embodiment (view from above),
• 2 the measuring system for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail according to the first embodiment (section, view from the front),
• 3 a force plan for the measuring system for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail according to the first embodiment,
• 4a, b in each case a part of measuring systems for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail according to various other embodiments,
• 5a, b in each case a part of measuring systems for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail according to various other embodiments,
• 6 a measuring system group consisting of a total of six measuring systems for determining a load exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail according to the first embodiment on a track.

Measuring system 2 for determining a load 40 exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail 4

1 and 2 show - for a first version - (in two views) a measuring system 2 for determining one from a rail vehicle (not shown) on a rail 4 exerted load 40 ,

For example, the rail vehicle can be one - the rail 4 run over - railcar or a passenger or freight wagon.

The measuring system 2 points the track 4 , here for example a railroad track 4 (one of two rails arranged side by side at a track spacing 4 existing track 36 ), as well as a rail support 6 , here for example a threshold 6 on.

The rail 4 is by means of an attachment 20 on the rail support 6 attached.

The rail 4 points out how in particular 2 shows a (in cross section) wide, flat rail foot 12 , a narrow rail web standing perpendicular to it (in cross section) 42 and one at an upper end of the rail web 42 arranged (in cross section) thickened rail head 44 on.

The rail foot 12 , the rail web 42 and the rail head 44 are formed in one piece.

The rail 4 is, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a (in the longitudinal direction of the rail 32 ) straight rail 4 ; the rail 4 can also be a rail arch (ie, a rail 4 which in their longitudinal direction 32 is bent) (not shown).

On the rail head 44 is like 2 clarifies again the career 46 trained for wheels of the rail vehicle (not shown). Here the rail vehicle contacts the rail 4 , being at the contact point 48 (see also 3 (Force plan), off-center contact point 48 ) from the rail vehicle to the rail 4 exerted load 40 , ie vertical / riot forces 38 , Lateral forces 34 (or lateral / lateral forces 34 ) and longitudinal forces 32 (with regard to a rail-fixed (coordinate) system 52 - see. 3 ), on the rail 4 transferred or in the rail 4 is initiated.

The measuring system also points 2 , as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a flat elastic measuring plate 18 made of casting resin, in which two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b - symmetrical to the middle plane of the measuring plate 56 - Are cast in such a way that the flat elastic measuring plate 18 the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b (only) encloses on the side (top) 60 and bottom 58 of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b are not covered by the sealing compound).

The two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b receiving flat elastic measuring plate 18 is, as Figures 1 and 2 show, in the space between the rail 4 and the rail support 6 or threshold 6 , ie under the rail 4 and above the rail support 6 or threshold 6 , installed - and by means of the attachment 20 (with tension clamp), ie in this case a Pandrol attachment 20 , pre-tensioned / pre-tensioned - so that the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b (ie their top and bottom sides) each the rail 4 , ie their rail foot 12 , on their bottom 14 and the rail support 6 , ie the threshold 6 , at the top 16 , non-positively on both sides of the central longitudinal plane 10 the rail 4 to contact.

In a nutshell, to put it simply, the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b are - in this case symmetrical - "left" and "right" of the middle of the rail 10 non-positive between the rail 4 and the rail support 6 (preloaded) arranged / installed.

The flow of force (from the rail vehicle to the rail 4 applied) load 40 , ie riot forces 38 , Lateral / lateral forces 34 and longitudinal forces 32 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) flows - with the non-positive arrangement of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b - from the rail 4 via the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b in the rail support 6 or threshold 6 - and can from the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b in their three axes or spatial directions ( 38 . 34 . 32 ) (which is a Cartesian or geodetic coordinate system 52 span (see FIG. 1 to 3),) are measured.

The two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b - with its three measuring / axis directions ( 38 . 34 . 32 ) - are aligned or installed in such a way that their three measurement / axis directions ( 38 . 34 . 32 ) the one on the rail 4 directions of force to be measured 38 . 34 . 32 , ie riot force / direction 38 , Lateral / lateral force - / - direction 34 and longitudinal force / direction 32 , correspond.

In short, the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b measure on the rail 4 acting riot forces 38 , Lateral / lateral forces 34 and longitudinal forces 32 , The two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors are even shorter and simpler 8th . 8a . 8b measure riot forces 38 , Lateral / lateral forces 34 and longitudinal forces 32 ,

Even the wiring 50 or the electrical connections 50 of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b are like that 1 clarifies with the flat elastic measuring plate 18 shed.

How 1 the wiring is also made clear 50 of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b over a cavity 54 under the rail 4 "Outwards" - and on to an evaluation unit 26 , in this case a central computer 26 in a control center (not shown), which the measurement signals of the two three-axis piezo force measurement sensors 8th . 8a . 8b evaluates, led.

As FIGS. 1 and 2 also show, the rail is on both sides 4 - in the area of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b or in the area of the flat elastic measuring plate 18 - two side delimiting elements 22 - each with game 24 , for example several millimeters, to the rail 4 - arranged.

Put simply, it's a game 24 between the page delimiter 22 and the rail 4 provided, the power flow - without "secondary flow" or error - via two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b flow. On the other hand - is a (cross) load 34 on the rail 4 so large that it deforms and / or shifts in such a way that the rail 4 to the side delimiter 22 comes to an end, - then this side delimitation element 22 the rail 4 and / or the measuring system 2 Protect against (further) damage or even destruction.

The central computer 26 (only indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2) is set up in such a way that using the two triaxial piezo force measurement sensors 8th . 8a . 8b delivered measuring or force signals from a rail vehicle to the rail 4 exerted load 40 , ie the riot 38 who have favourited Lateral / Lateral Force 34 and the longitudinal force 32 , can be determined.

From the determined load 40 or the determined (riot / transverse / longitudinal) forces 38 . 34 . 32 the central computer can 26 furthermore also calculate monitoring information for the rail vehicle, for example a wheel damage, a wheel, wheelset or rail vehicle load or also a load distribution on a rail vehicle, or also for the rail.

The monitoring information can then from the central computer 26 used for wheel diagnosis, wagon detection, line load control or load control.

3 shows - for a schematically represented measuring system 2 - a force plan for the measuring system 2 , which is the basis for the calculation of a rail vehicle onto the rail 4 exerted load 40 , ie the riot 38 who have favourited Lateral / Lateral Force 34 and the longitudinal force 32 , - from the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b delivered measured or force values - serves.

On the rail 4 or its rail head 44 or his career 46 grips - off-center (distance " a ", see. 3 ) and with a vertical distance " c “To the flat elastic measuring plate 18 (or the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b) (Distance " c ", see. 3 ) - by a rail vehicle (at the contact point 48 (Digit " 1 “)) On the rail 4 exerted load 40 , ie the riot 38 ( F _Z1 ), the lateral / lateral force 34 ( F _Y1 ) and the longitudinal force 32 ( F _X1 ), on, flow over the rail 4 and are from the two - with a distance " b “To the central rail plane 10 or middle of the rail 10 (Distance "b ", see. 3 ) arranged - three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b - as measured values ( F _X2 . F _Y2 . F _Z2 (for the first of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a (Digit " 2 ")) and F _X3 . F _Y3 . F _Z3) (for the second of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8b (Digit " 3 “)) - added.

• Kräftegleichwicht: $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{Z1}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z2}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z3}}$$
  
  $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{Y1}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Y2}}-{\text{F}}_{\text{Y3}}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{X2}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{X3}}$$
  

Aus (1) F_z1 = F_z2 + F_z3 (Aufstandskraft 38)
Aus (2) F_y1 = F_y2 + F_y3 (Quer-/Seitenkraft 34)
Aus (3) F_x1 = F_x2 + F_x3 (Longitudinalkraft 32).The calculation of forces on the rail 4 (at the contact point 48 ) exercise 40 , ie the riot 38 who have favourited Lateral / Lateral Force 34 and the longitudinal force 32 , as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, takes place in the geodesic Cartesian (rail-fixed) coordinate system 52 (x-axis corresponds to the longitudinal direction 32 , y-axis corresponds to the transverse / lateral direction 34 , z-axis corresponds to the vertical direction 38 ) according to the following relationships:

• Power Balance Wicht: $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{Z1}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z2}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z3}}$$
  
  $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{Y1}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Y2}}-{\text{F}}_{\text{Y3}}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{X2}}+{\text{F}}_{\text{X3}}$$
  

From (1) F _z1 = F _z2 + F _z3 (contact force 38)
From (2) F _y1 = F _y2 + F _y3 (lateral / lateral force 34)
From (3) F _x1 = F _x2 + F _x3 (longitudinal force 32).

• Momentengleichgewicht um (2): $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{Z1}}\text{*}\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)+{\text{F}}_{\text{Y1}}*\text{c}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z3}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}\text{*}\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z3}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}*\text{c}$$
  
• Momentengleichgewicht um (3) $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{Z1}}\text{*}\left(\text{b}-\text{a}\right)+{\text{F}}_{\text{Y1}}*\text{c}-{\text{F}}_{\text{Z2}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}\text{*}\left(\text{b}-\text{a}\right)-{\text{F}}_{\text{X2}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}\text{*c}$$
  

In addition, there are the moment equilibria (around the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b ((Digit " 2 “) For the first of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a ; (Digit " 3 “) For the second of the two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8b ) specified:

• Moment balance around ( 2 ): $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{Z1}}\text{*}\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)+{\text{F}}_{\text{Y1}}*\text{c}+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z3}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}\text{*}\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)+{\text{F}}_{\text{Z3}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}*\text{c}$$
  
• Moment balance around ( 3 ) $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{Z1}}\text{*}\left(\text{b}-\text{a}\right)+{\text{F}}_{\text{Y1}}*\text{c}-{\text{F}}_{\text{Z2}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0={\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}\text{*}\left(\text{b}-\text{a}\right)-{\text{F}}_{\text{X2}}*2*\text{b}$$
  
  $$0=-{\text{F}}_{\text{X1}}\text{* c}$$
  

6 shows a measurement system group 28 with - in this case - from a total of six of the measuring systems 2 ,

These six measuring systems 2 are like 6 clarified, in pairs (across 34 to the longitudinal direction 32 the rail 4 ) side by side in or with three - in the longitudinal direction of the rail 32 at a threshold / longitudinal distance 30 of approx. 3 m - successive sleepers 6 under the parallel rails there 4 of a track 36 (as described) installed.

All measuring systems 2 or their two three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b are (via the wiring 50 ) with the central computer 26 connected - and are evaluated there as described.

4a, b shows the flat elastic measuring plate 18 of the measuring system 2 with a varied number and placement of the three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b . 8c . 8d ,

How 4a shows, are - in this case - exactly three three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b . 8c in the flat elastic measuring plate 18 shed.

Two ( 8a . 8b) of the three triaxial piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b . 8c are symmetrical "left" and "right" of the measuring plate center plane 56 (and then also when the central longitudinal plane is installed 10 the rail 4 or the middle of the rail 10 ) placed; the third ( 8c ) of the three three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b . 8c is roughly in the middle of the measuring plate 56 (and then also when installed in the central longitudinal plane 10 the rail 4 or in the middle of the rail 10 ) placed.

How 4b shows, are - in this case - exactly four three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b . 8c . 8d in the flat elastic measuring plate 18 shed.

The four four-axis piezo force measuring sensors are in pairs 8th . 8a . 8b . 8c . 8d (in pairs) symmetrical ("left" and "right") of the measuring plate center plane 56 (and then also when the central longitudinal plane is installed 10 the rail 4 or the middle of the rail 10 ) placed.

5a, b shows the flat elastic measuring plate 18 of the measuring system 2 (on average) with one of the three-axis piezo force measuring sensors 8th . 8a . 8b . 8c . 8d with varied material encapsulation - produced by casting - through the flat elastic measuring plate 18 ,

How 5a shows, is - in this case - the three-axis piezo force measuring sensor 8th like this in the flat elastic measuring plate 18 poured so that the flat elastic measuring plate 18 this three-axis piezo force measuring sensor 8th both on the side and on its underside 58 encloses.

How 5b shows, is - in this case - the three-axis piezo force measuring sensor 8th like this in the flat elastic measuring plate 18 poured so that the flat elastic measuring plate 18 this three-axis piezo force measuring sensor 8th both on the side and on its underside 58 and on its top 60 encloses. That is, in this case, the three-axis piezo force measuring sensor 8th completely from the flat elastic measuring plate 18 surrounded / -schlossen.

Although the invention is illustrated in more detail by the preferred exemplary embodiments and the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom without departing from the scope of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

measuring system

4

Rail, railroad track, tram rail

6

Rail support, threshold, concrete bed

8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d

multi-axis, in particular triaxial, piezo force measuring sensor

10

(Rail) median longitudinal plane, median plane, rail center

12

rail

14

bottom

16

top

18

(elastic) potting body, measuring plate / mat

20

Attachment, Pandrol attachment, tension clamp

22

Side restriction element

24

game

26

Evaluation unit, central computer

28

Measurement System Group

30

Longitudinal distance, threshold distance

32

Rail longitudinal direction, longitudinal, longitudinal, longitudinal / longitudinal force

34

transverse, transverse direction, transverse / lateral force, lateral force

36

track

38

vertical, vertical direction, vertical / riot force

40

Load, forces

42

rail web

44

railhead

46

career

48

contact point

50

Wiring, electrical connection

52

(Rail-fixed / inertial) coordinate system, Cartesian / geodetic coordinate system

54

cavity

56

(SURVEY PLATE / Vergusskörper-) central longitudinal plane

58

bottom

60

top

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2012/131683 A2 [0015, 0016]

Claims (11)

Measuring system (2) for determining a load (40) exerted by a rail vehicle on a rail (4), in particular a transverse force (34) exerted by the rail vehicle on the rail (4) - a rail (4), - a rail support (6), - At least two multi-axis, in particular triaxial, piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d), wherein - The multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) are non-positively arranged on both sides of a central longitudinal plane (10) of the rail (4) between the rail (4) and the rail support (6). Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-axis piezo force measuring sensor (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) arranged between the rail (4) and the rail support (6) has the rail (4) on an underside (14) a rail foot (12) of the rail (4) and / or the rail support (6) on an upper side (16) of the rail support (6). Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) are arranged in an elastic casting body (18), the casting body (18) between the rail (4 ) and the rail support (6) is arranged. Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rail (4) is braced against the rail support (6) using a fastening (20), in particular a Pandrol fastening (20). Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that more than two, in particular three or more than three, of the at least two, multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a) arranged between the rail (4) and the rail support (6) , 8b, 8c, 8d) are used, with one of the multi-axis piezo force measurement sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) being approximately the same, in particular in the case of an odd number of the multi-axis piezo measurement sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) The central longitudinal plane (10) of the rail (4) is arranged, and / or exactly two or exactly four of the at least two multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) arranged between the rail (4) and the rail support (6) ) are used, which are arranged essentially symmetrically to the central plane (10) of the rail (4). Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least on one side, in particular on both sides, of the rail (4) in the region of the at least two, multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8) arranged between the rail (4) and the rail support (6). 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) one or respectively one side delimitation element (22) is arranged, the side delimitation element (s) (22) being or being arranged with play (24) relative to the rail (4). Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by an evaluation unit (26), which is set up in such a way that, using the force signals supplied by the multi-axis piezo force measuring sensors (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d), one from a rail vehicle the load (40) exerted on the rail (4), in particular a transverse force (34) exerted on the rail (4) by the rail vehicle, can be determined. Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rail support (6) is a threshold (6) or a concrete bed (6). Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, used to determine a load (40) exerted by a rail vehicle on the rail (4), in particular a transverse force (34) exerted by the rail vehicle on the rail (4). Measuring system (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, used for condition monitoring of a rail vehicle, in particular a wheel or tire condition of the rail vehicle, using a load (40) determined by the rail vehicle on the rail (4) and determined by means of the measuring system (2) ), in particular a transverse force (34) exerted by the rail vehicle on the rail (4). Measuring system group (28) comprising at least two of the measuring systems (2) according to at least one of the preceding claims, the measuring systems (2) being arranged at a predeterminable longitudinal distance (30) in the longitudinal direction of the rail (32) or the measuring systems (2) transversely (34 ) to the rail longitudinal direction (32) are arranged side by side on parallel rails (4) of a track (36).

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