DE102018113174A1 - Universal charger for DC and AC charging - Google Patents
Universal charger for DC and AC charging Download PDFInfo
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- DE102018113174A1 DE102018113174A1 DE102018113174.7A DE102018113174A DE102018113174A1 DE 102018113174 A1 DE102018113174 A1 DE 102018113174A1 DE 102018113174 A DE102018113174 A DE 102018113174A DE 102018113174 A1 DE102018113174 A1 DE 102018113174A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/257—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/27—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/27—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency
- H02M5/271—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency from a three phase input voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/4807—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode having a high frequency intermediate AC stage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
Abstract
Ladegerät zum Energieaustausch zwischen einem Versorgungsnetz an einer Ladestation und einer Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeugs, wobei das Ladegerät einen Versorgungsnetzanschluss (312) und einen Batterieanschluss (314) und an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss (212, 312, 412) einen ersten Matrixumrichter (301) und an seinem Batterieanschluss (314) einen zweiten Matrixumrichter (302) aufweist, wobei das Ladegerät zwischen den beiden Matrixumrichtern (301, 302) einen N-phasigen Hochfrequenztransformator (303) aufweist, wobei die Matrixumrichter (301, 302) jeweils ein Anzahl N mal N bidirektionaler Leistungshalbleiterschalter umfassen, wobei das Ladegerät ein Steuergerät aufweist, welches dazu konfiguriert ist, mit einer Auswahl aus einer Vielzahl programmierter Steuerungsverfahren die bidirektionalen Leistungshalbleiterschalter gemäß vorbestimmten Anforderungen an einen Versorgungsstrom bzw. Netzstabilisierungsstrom und Ladestrom bzw. Entladestrom zu schalten, und wobei das Ladegerät wahlweise an der Ladestation oder an dem Elektrofahrzeug angeordnet ist.Charger for the exchange of energy between a supply network at a charging station and a battery of an electric vehicle, wherein the charger has a supply network connection (312) and a battery connection (314) and at its supply network connection (212, 312, 412) a first matrix converter (301) and at its battery connection (314) comprises a second matrix converter (302), wherein the charger comprises an N-phase high-frequency transformer (303) between the two matrix converters (301, 302), the matrix converters (301, 302) each comprising a number N times N bidirectional power semiconductor switches wherein the charger comprises a controller configured to switch the bidirectional power semiconductor switches to a supply current and charging current or discharge current, respectively, in accordance with predetermined requirements, with a selection of a plurality of programmed control methods, and wherein the charger optionally located at the charging station or on the electric vehicle.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Ladegerät und ein Verfahren zu einem Laden einer Batterie von Elektrofahrzeugen. An einem Eingang des Ladegerätes kann dabei sowohl Gleichstrom wie auch Wechselstrom anliegen.The present invention relates to a charger and a method for charging a battery of electric vehicles. At an input of the charger can be present both DC and AC.
Für das Laden von Batterien aus Elektrofahrzeugen stellen Ladestationen entweder Gleichstrom oder Wechselstrom bereit. Beim Wechselstromladen wird normalerweise ein im Elektrofahrzeug mitgeführtes Ladegerät, ein sogenannter On-Board-Charger, verwendet. Der On-Board-Charger erzeugt eine Gleichspannung bzw. einen Gleichstrom zum Laden der Batterie. Seine Eingangsspannung bezieht er aus einer sogenannten Wallbox, die bspw. von einem Energieversorger an einer Ladestation zu Verfügung gestellt wird. Allerdings ist ein Eingangsspannungsbereich des On-Board-Chargers begrenzt und muss vorsorglich bzgl. verschiedenphasiger Wechselspannungssysteme, bspw. einphasig oder dreiphasig, ausgelegt sein. Weiter nachteilig ist auch, dass beim Wechselstromladen mehrere Wandlerstufen eingesetzt werden, mit jeder Wandlerstufe aber ein elektrischer Verlust einhergeht. Beide Ladestandards benötigen separate Installationen von Ladegeräten, die jeweils auf Anforderungen der Elektrofahrzeuge bzw. Spezifikationen der Energieversorger zugeschnitten sein müssen. Hohe Installationskosten sind die Folge.For charging batteries from electric vehicles, charging stations provide either DC or AC power. AC charging usually involves the use of a charger, a so-called on-board charger, carried in an electric vehicle. The on-board charger generates a DC voltage or a DC current for charging the battery. He draws his input voltage from a so-called wallbox, which is provided, for example, by an energy supplier to a charging station. However, an input voltage range of the on-board charger is limited and must be designed as a precaution with respect to different-phase AC voltage systems, for example single-phase or three-phase. Another disadvantage is that when AC charging multiple converter stages are used, with each converter stage but an electrical loss is accompanied. Both charging standards require separate installations of chargers, each of which must be tailored to the requirements of electric vehicles or energy suppliers' specifications. High installation costs are the result.
Beim Gleichstromladen, welches auch als Schnellladen bezeichnet wird, wird die Gleichspannung bzw. der Gleichstrom direkt von der Ladestation zur Verfügung gestellt und kein On-Board-Charger benötigt. Obwohl letzterer ein zusätzliches Gewicht darstellt, wird er in dem Elektrofahrzeug aber mitgeführt, da prinzipiell auch das Wechselstromladen möglich sein soll. Auch beim Gleichstromladen kommt eine Mehrzahl von Wandlerstufen zum Einsatz.When DC charging, which is also referred to as fast charging, the DC voltage or direct current is provided directly from the charging station and no on-board Charger needed. Although the latter is an additional weight, but it is carried in the electric vehicle, since in principle, the AC charging should be possible. Even when DC charging a plurality of converter stages is used.
Vorteilhaft verwendet die Druckschrift
Neuerdings werden Anforderungen betreffend eines bidirektionalen Energieflusses erhoben, um an eine Ladestation angeschlossene Batterien auch zu einer Netzstabilisierung in einem Niederspannungsnetz heranzuziehen, oder auch zu weiteren Netzdienstleistungen zu verwenden. Hierbei müssen alle Wandlerstufen mit entsprechend geeigneten Leistungshalbleiterschaltern ausgestattet werden.Recently, requirements for a bi-directional flow of energy are raised in order to use batteries connected to a charging station also for network stabilization in a low-voltage network or to use them for further network services. All converter stages must be equipped with suitable power semiconductor switches.
Allgemein beschreibt die US-amerikanische Druckschrift
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Ladegerät zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches ein universelles Wandlerkonzept, das sowohl Wechselstromladen wie auch Gleichstromladen einschließt, ermöglicht und dabei gegenüber den bislang verwendeten Konzepten sowohl Herstellungskosten wie auch Gewicht einspart. Verschiedene Netzspannungen sollen genauso wenig ein Hindernis darstellen wie Kompatibilitätsprobleme mit Anschlüssen vorhandener oder zukünftiger Ladestationen. Des Weiteren soll ein bidirektionaler Energiefluss möglich sein. Ferner ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein entsprechendes mit dem Ladegerät ausführbares Verfahren bereitzustellen.Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a charger which enables a universal converter concept including both AC charging and DC charging, thereby saving both manufacturing cost and weight over the concepts used heretofore. Different mains voltages should not be an obstacle any more than compatibility problems with connections of existing or future charging stations. Furthermore, a bidirectional flow of energy should be possible. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a corresponding charger implementable method.
Zur Lösung der voranstehend genannten Aufgabe wird ein Ladegerät zum Energieaustausch zwischen einem Versorgungsnetz an einer Ladestation und einer Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeugs bereitgestellt, wobei das Ladegerät einen Versorgungsnetzanschluss und einen Batterieanschluss und an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss einen ersten Matrixumrichter und an seinem Batterieanschluss einen zweiten Matrixumrichter aufweist, wobei das Ladegerät zwischen den beiden Matrixumrichtern einen N-phasigen Hochfrequenztransformator aufweist, wobei die Matrixumrichter jeweils ein Anzahl N mal N bidirektionaler Leistungshalbleiterschalter umfassen, wobei das Ladegerät ein Steuergerät aufweist, welches dazu konfiguriert ist, mit einer Auswahl aus einer Vielzahl programmierter Steuerungsverfahren die bidirektionalen Leistungshalbleiterschalter gemäß vorbestimmten Anforderungen an einen Versorgungsstrom bzw. Netzstabilisierungsstrom und Ladestrom bzw. Entladestrom zu schalten, und wobei das Ladegerät wahlweise an der Ladestation oder an dem Elektrofahrzeug angeordnet ist. N ist dabei eine natürliche Zahl größer Null.To achieve the above object, a charger for energy exchange between a supply network to a charging station and a battery of an electric vehicle is provided, wherein the charger has a power supply terminal and a battery terminal and at its power supply terminal a first matrix converter and at its battery terminal a second matrix converter, said Charger between the two matrix inverters comprises an N-phase high-frequency transformer, wherein the matrix converters each comprise a number N times N bidirectional power semiconductor switch, the charger having a controller which is configured with a selection of a plurality of programmed control method, the bidirectional power semiconductor switches according to predetermined Requirements to switch to a supply current or grid stabilization current and charging current or discharge current, and wherein the charger wah Is located at the charging station or on the electric vehicle. N is a natural number greater than zero.
Durch eine Verwendung der Matrixumrichter als Wandler einer Gleichspannung in eine Wechselspannung, bzw. als Direktumrichter einer Wechselspannung mit einer ersten Frequenz und einer ersten Amplitude in eine zweite Wechselspannung mit einer zweiten Frequenz und einer zweiten Amplitude wird ein universelles Gleichspannungs- oder Wechselspannungsladen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerät ermöglicht. Üblicherweise handelt es sich bei dem im Versorgungsnetz fließenden Wechselstrom entweder um einen einphasigen Wechselstrom, oder, im Falle eines Drehstromnetzes, um einen dreiphasigen Wechselstrom. Der Hochfrequenztransformator wird dabei im Allgemeinen dreiphasig (N=3) ausgelegt, so dass sich jeweilig eine drei mal drei Matrix aus bidirektionalen Leistungshalbleiterschaltern im jeweiligen Matrixumrichter ergibt.By using the matrix converter as a converter of a DC voltage in an AC voltage, or as a direct converter AC voltage having a first frequency and a first amplitude in a second AC voltage having a second frequency and a second amplitude is a universal DC or AC charging possible with the charger according to the invention. Usually, the alternating current flowing in the supply network is either a single-phase alternating current or, in the case of a three-phase network, a three-phase alternating current. The high-frequency transformer is designed in this case generally three-phase (N = 3), so that in each case results in a three by three matrix of bidirectional power semiconductor switches in the respective matrix converter.
Die bidirektionalen Leistungshalbleiterschalter können Strom und Spannung in beiden Richtungen leiten bzw. sperren. Durch geeignete Steuerungs- bzw. Regelungsverfahren können die Matrixumrichter so betrieben werden, dass eine im Versorgungsnetz bereitgestellte Versorgungsspannung in eine Ladespannung zum Laden der Batterie umgewandelt wird, bzw. dass eine von der Batterie bereitgestellte Entladespannung in eine Netzstabilisierungsspannung zur Stabilisierung des Versorgungsnetzes umgewandelt wird.The bidirectional power semiconductor switches can conduct current and voltage in both directions. By means of suitable control or regulation methods, the matrix converters can be operated such that a supply voltage provided in the supply network is converted into a charging voltage for charging the battery, or that a discharge voltage provided by the battery is converted into a network stabilization voltage for stabilizing the supply network.
In Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist das Ladegerät dazu konfiguriert, einen an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss vorliegenden Versorgungsstrom mit Gleichspannung an seinem Batterieanschluss als Ladestrom mit Gleich- oder mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung durch die Auswahl des hierzu geeignet programmierten Steuerungsverfahrens bereitzustellen. Im Allgemeinen liegt an dem Versorgungsnetzanschluss des Ladegerätes dann ein Versorgungsstrom mit Gleichspannung an, wenn das Ladegerät im Elektrofahrzeug angeordnet ist und es sich bei einem Anschluss des Elektrofahrzeugs an die Ladestation um einen Gleichspannungsanschluss handelt. Aus der Vielzahl an programmierten Steuerungsverfahren des Steuergerätes wird dann dasjenige Steuerungsverfahren herangezogen, welches mittels des ersten Matrixumrichters aus der anliegenden Gleichspannung eine N-phasige Wechselspannung für den N-phasigen Hochfrequenztransformator bildet. Wurde dasjenige Steuerungsverfahren ausgewählt, welches an dem zweiten Matrixumrichter die Gleichspannung an dem Batterieanschluss bereitstellt, so wird das auf diese Weise eingesetzte Ladegerät auch als On-Board-Charger bzw. OBC bezeichnet. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass das Ladegerät an dem Batterieanschluss eine Wechselspannung bereitstellt, und diese durch eine weitere im Fahrzeug angeordnete Wandlerstufe in Gleichspannung zum Laden der Batterie umgesetzt wird.In an embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the charger is configured to provide a present at its power supply terminal supply voltage with DC voltage at its battery terminal as a charging current with DC or N-phase AC voltage through the selection of this suitably programmed control method. In general, a supply current with DC voltage is applied to the supply network connection of the charger if the charger is arranged in the electric vehicle and if a connection of the electric vehicle to the charging station is a DC voltage connection. From the large number of programmed control methods of the control unit that control method is then used, which forms by means of the first matrix converter from the applied DC voltage N-phase AC voltage for the N-phase high-frequency transformer. If the control method has been selected which supplies the DC voltage to the battery connection at the second matrix converter, then the charger used in this way is also referred to as on-board charger or OBC. But it is also conceivable that the charger provides an AC voltage to the battery terminal, and this is converted by a further arranged in the vehicle converter stage in DC voltage for charging the battery.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist das Ladegerät durch die Auswahl des hierzu geeignet programmierten Steuerungsverfahrens dazu ausgelegt, den an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss vorliegenden Versorgungsstrom mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung an seinem Batterieanschluss als Ladestrom mit Gleich- oder mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung bereitzustellen. Ist das Ladegerät an einer Ladestation angeordnet oder direkt an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss mit dem Versorgungsnetz verbunden, und steht damit als Anschluss einem Elektrofahrzeug zum Laden einer Batterie zur Verfügung, so wird es auch als Wallbox bezeichnet. Je nach Spannungsart an seinem Batterieanschluss, wird es auch als Gleichspannungswallbox oder Wechselstromwallbox bezeichnet.In a further embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the charger is designed by selecting the suitably programmed control method to provide the present at its power grid connection supply current with N-phase AC voltage at its battery terminal as a charging current with DC or N-phase AC voltage. If the charger is arranged at a charging station or connected directly to its supply network connection to the supply network, and is therefore available as a connection to an electric vehicle for charging a battery, it is also referred to as wallbox. Depending on the voltage at its battery connection, it is also referred to as DC wallbox or AC wallbox.
In noch weiterer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist das Ladegerät durch die Auswahl des hierzu programmierten Steuerungsverfahrens dazu ausgelegt, den an seinem Batterieanschluss vorliegenden Entladestrom mit Gleichspannung an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss als Netzstabilisierungsstrom mit Gleich- oder N-phasiger Wechselspannung bereitzustellen.In a further embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the charger is designed by selecting the control method programmed to provide the present at its battery connection discharge with DC voltage at its power supply connection as a grid stabilization current with DC or N-phase AC voltage.
In anderer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist das Ladegerät durch die Auswahl eines programmierten Steuerungsverfahrens dazu ausgelegt, den an seinem Batterieanschluss vorliegenden Entladestrom mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss als Netzstabilisierungsstrom mit Gleich- oder N-phasiger Wechselspannung an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss bereitzustellen. Gemeinhin befindet sich hierzu ein weiterer Wandler zwischen der Batterie und dem Ladegerät.In another embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the charger is designed by selecting a programmed control method to provide the present at its battery connection discharge with N-phase AC voltage at its power grid connection as a grid stabilizing current with DC or N-phase AC voltage at its power grid connection. Commonly, this is another converter between the battery and the charger.
Es versteht sich, dass eine Anordnung aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerät und der zu ladenden/entladenden Batterie weitere elektrische bzw. elektronische Bauteile wie bspw. Schütze oder Stromzähler aufweisen kann. Erwähnung finden hier nur für die Erfindung wesentliche Bauteile wie die Matrixumrichter und der Hochfrequenztransformator.It is understood that an arrangement of the charger according to the invention and the battery to be charged / discharged can have further electrical or electronic components such as, for example, contactors or electricity meters. Mention here only for the invention essential components such as the matrix converter and the high-frequency transformer.
Ferner wird ein Verfahren zum Energieaustausch zwischen einem Versorgungsnetz an einer Ladestation und einer Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeugs beansprucht, bei dem ein Ladegerät mit einem Versorgungsnetzanschluss und einem Batterieanschluss bereitgestellt wird und bei dem Ladegerät an seinem Versorgungsnetzanschluss ein erster Matrixumrichter und an seinem Batterieanschluss ein zweiter Matrixumrichter angeordnet wird, bei dem weiter in dem Ladegerät zwischen den beiden Matrixumrichtern, die jeweils eine Anzahl N mal N bidirektionaler Leistungshalbleiterschalter umfassen, ein N-phasiger Hochfrequenztransformator angeordnet wird, wobei mit einem aus einer vorgegebenen Auswahl jeweilig ausgewählten programmierten Steuerungsverfahren die bidirektionalen Leistungshalbleiterschalter gemäß vorbestimmten Anforderungen an einen Versorgungsstrom bzw. Netzstabilisierungsstrom und Ladestrom bzw. Entladestrom geschaltet werden, und wobei das Ladegerät wahlweise an der Ladestation oder an dem Elektrofahrzeug angeordnet wird.Furthermore, a method for exchanging energy between a supply network at a charging station and a battery of an electric vehicle is claimed in which a charger is provided with a power supply connection and a battery connection and the charger has a first matrix converter at its supply network connection and a second matrix converter at its battery connection in which an N-phase high-frequency transformer is further arranged in the charger between the two matrix converters, each comprising a number N times N bidirectional power semiconductor switches, the bidirectional ones being selected from a predetermined selection Power semiconductor switches are switched according to predetermined requirements of a supply current or network stabilization current and charging current or discharge current, and wherein the charger is optionally arranged at the charging station or on the electric vehicle.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird durch das jeweilige programmierte Steuerungsverfahren der an dem Versorgungsnetzanschluss des Ladegerätes vorliegende Versorgungsstrom mit Gleichspannung an dem Batterieanschluss als Ladestrom mit Gleich- oder mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung bereitgestellt.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention is provided by the respective programmed control method present at the power supply terminal of the charger supply current with DC voltage at the battery terminal as a charging current with DC or N-phase AC voltage.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird durch das jeweilige programmierte Steuerungsverfahren der an dem Versorgungsnetzanschluss des Ladegerätes vorliegende Versorgungsstrom mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung an dem Batterieanschluss als Ladestrom mit Gleich- oder mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung bereitgestellt.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is provided by the respective programmed control method which is present at the power supply connection of the charger supply current with N-phase AC voltage at the battery terminal as a charging current with DC or N-phase AC voltage.
In einer noch weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird durch das jeweilige programmierte Steuerungsverfahren der an dem Batterieanschluss des Ladegerätes vorliegende Entladestrom mit Gleichspannung an dem Versorgungsnetzanschluss als Netzstabilisierungsstrom mit Gleich- oder mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung bereitgestellt.In yet another embodiment of the method according to the invention is provided by the respective programmed control method present at the battery terminal of the charger discharge current with DC voltage at the power grid connection as a network stabilizing current with DC or N-phase AC voltage.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird durch das jeweilige programmierte Steuerungsverfahren der an dem Batterieanschluss des Ladegerätes vorliegende Entladestrom mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung an dem Versorgungsnetzanschluss als Netzstabilisierungsstrom mit Gleich- oder mit N-phasiger Wechselspannung bereitgestellt.In another embodiment of the method according to the invention is provided by the respective programmed control method present at the battery terminal of the charger discharge with N-phase AC voltage at the mains supply as a network stabilizing current with DC or N-phase AC voltage.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beiliegenden Zeichnungen.Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die voranstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.
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1 zeigt schematisch zwei typische Anordnungen von Wandlern zu Wallboxen und einem On-Board-Charger aus dem Stand der Technik. -
2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes. -
3 zeigt ein Schaltbild einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes. -
4 zeigt ein Schaltbild einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes mit einem zweiten Drehstromwechselrichter als aktivem Gleich-/Wechselrichter.
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1 schematically shows two typical arrangements of converters to Wallboxen and an on-board Charger from the prior art. -
2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the charger according to the invention. -
3 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the charger according to the invention. -
4 shows a diagram of an embodiment of the charger according to the invention with a second three-phase inverter as an active DC / inverter.
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In
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ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- US 2007/0274109 A1 [0004]US 2007/0274109 A1 [0004]
- US 2013/0103191 A1 [0006]US 2013/0103191 A1 [0006]
- US 2013/0069424 A1 [0006]US 2013/0069424 A1 [0006]
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Priority Applications (2)
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DE102018113174.7A DE102018113174A1 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2018-06-04 | Universal charger for DC and AC charging |
PCT/EP2019/025025 WO2019233629A1 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2019-01-24 | Universal charging appliance for direct-current and alternating-current charging |
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DE102018113174.7A DE102018113174A1 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2018-06-04 | Universal charger for DC and AC charging |
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