DE102018105961A1 - Cutting blade adjustment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for adjusting a cutting tool of a machine for comminuting solids in fluids, for example in sewage treatment plants or biogas plants. The device comprises an adjusting unit which is directly in operative connection with the drive shaft, the drive shaft is arranged in the machine so that it permits axial movements. Thus, by means of the drive shaft, with which the cutting tool is in communication are axially displaced. Is adjusted by means of this device, the distance between the cutting tool and, fixedly mounted in the housing of the machine perforated plate.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for adjusting a cutting tool according to the feature of the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

The present invention relates to a device for adjusting a cutting tool for a comminution machine by means of which solids are comminuted in fluids or flowable media.

In order to produce a crusher with adjustable cutting tool many assembly steps are necessary. Furthermore, such crushing machines can be used for different fields of application, thereby an adjustability of the cutting tool is necessary. Also, during operation of a crushing machine according to the invention, inter alia, wear on the perforated plate, as well as the cutting tool itself. To compensate for this wear and adjust the resulting distance between the cutting tool and perforated plate exactly devices are to adjust this distance between the perforated plate and cutting tool necessary. Many devices for adjusting cutting tools in comminution machines are known from the prior art, but these are very maintenance-intensive and the adjustment process is often complicated and difficult to implement.

In the DE202006014804U1 For example, a biasing member is needed which is located within the drive shaft, whereby it must be hollow. This requires unnecessary manufacturing steps, as well as additional components.

The object of the present invention is to provide a device for adjusting a cutting tool, which eliminates the manufacturing disadvantages in the prior art and makes the adjustment process more user-friendly and economical.

The above object is achieved by the device according to claim 1.

description

The invention relates to a device for adjusting a cutting tool of a comminution machine for comminuting solids in fluids, for example in sewage treatment plants or biogas plants. The device comprises an adjusting unit which is directly in operative connection with the drive shaft, the drive shaft is arranged in the comminuting machine such that axial movements of the drive shaft are possible. Thus, the cutting tool can be moved axially by means of the drive shaft. Is adjusted by means of this device, the distance between the cutting tool and, fixedly mounted in the housing of the crushing perforated plate. This distance between perforated plate and cutting tool must be made variable due to the different applications of such a crushing machine and the wear occurring.

The cutting tool may have different geometries, preferably it consists of at least one rotating around the central axis knife.

In order to transmit the movement of the adjusting unit to the drive shaft, the drive shaft is guided centrally through the adjusting unit. Accordingly, the adjustment is rotationally symmetrical to the drive shaft, or formed to the central axis.

The adjusting unit comprises at least one spring, a bearing, a bearing housing and a flange. Wherein the at least one spring can also be designed as a spring assembly, consisting of a variable number of disc springs and / or coil springs. Preferably, the spring package consists of eight disc fenders.

The lower flange is fixedly connected to the housing of the crusher and thus static within the crusher. The bearing housing which receives the bearing is fixed in the lower flange by means of a thread, preferably a fine thread. Through this thread, it is possible to move the bearing housing including the bearing along the turn of the thread axially up and down. This movement is transmitted from the bearing to the at least one spring. The at least one spring transmits the axial movement in turn to the drive shaft and thus to the cutting tool to be adjusted. Thus, in addition to the distance between the perforated plate and the cutting tool, the distance between the bearing housing and the sealing element is changed.

If the cutting tool is to be brought closer to the perforated plate, the bearing housing is moved upwards. The bearing housing transmits movement via the at least one spring to the drive shaft and thus to the cutting tool. If the distance from the cutting tool to the perforated plate is to be increased, the bearing housing is moved downwards. Thus, the at least one spring loses bias and the drive shaft moves axially downwardly due to its own weight. If the drive shaft does not move down by itself due to contamination or another reason, there is the possibility that the bearing, which is fixedly positioned in the bearing housing, exerts pressure on the intended taper of the drive shaft by the axial downward movement and thus shifts the drive shaft downwards.

The at least one spring is intended to absorb impacts from the drive shaft, so that they do not damage the bearing. For this reason, the distance between the bearing and the corresponding taper is also present.

The bearing is firmly positioned in the bearing housing by the fold provided for this purpose in the bearing housing and a retaining ring.

In order to realize the described adjustment of the cutting tool on the drive shaft, a special embodiment of this is necessary. It is important here to change the cross section within the shredding machine to provide stops or positioning aids for the corresponding components. Thus, the conveyor needs a stop on the drive shaft, so that it is firmly positioned in the delivery chamber. Further, for example, a taper is necessary to provide a stop for the at least one spring. Of course, it is also conceivable to realize these positioning aids in other ways. For example, by a drive shaft with a uniform diameter, on which corresponding grooves and retaining rings are positioned.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt einen Teil einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine (1) in einer Schnittdarstellung.
• 2 zeigt eine vergrößerte Schnittdarstellung des Ausschnittes A der 1.
• 3 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der Zerkleinerungsmaschine (1)
• 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Zerkleinerungsmaschine (1).

In the following, embodiments of the invention and their advantages with reference to the accompanying figures will be explained in more detail. The proportions of the individual elements to one another in the figures do not always correspond to the actual size ratios, since some shapes are simplified and other shapes are shown enlarged in relation to other elements for better illustration.

• 1 shows a part of a crusher ( 1 ) in a sectional view.
• 2 shows an enlarged sectional view of the section A of 1 ,
• 3 shows a second embodiment of the crushing machine ( 1 )
• 4 shows a further embodiment of the crushing machine ( 1 ).

For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments are only examples of how the device according to the invention can be designed and do not represent a final limitation.

1 shows the upper part of a crusher ( 1 ) in which a device according to the invention for adjusting a cutting tool ( 2 ) can be applied.

In this case, the crusher ( 1 ) a drive ( 3 ), for example, an electric motor. The drive ( 3 ) generates a rotational movement, which by means of a suitable transmission means, such as a transmission, or a toothed belt from the scar of the drive ( 3 ) on the drive shaft ( 4 ) is transmitted. This process happens in the gearbox housing ( 5 ). Also conceivable is a direct connection of the drive shaft ( 4 ) with the drive ( 3 ).

On the gearbox housing ( 5 ) is the upper flange ( 6 ), this is a not shown in the figures bracket with the lower flange ( 7 ) connected.

This lower flange ( 7 ) serves to receive the bearing housing ( 8th ) and is by suitable fasteners, such as screws on the housing ( 9 ) attached. Between the case ( 9 ) and the flange ( 7 ) is a sealing element ( 10 ), which the delivery chamber ( 11 ) opposite the drive shaft ( 4 ) seals.

The in the housing ( 9 ) lying conveying space ( 11 ) is through a perforated plate ( 12 ) in a Grobgutbereich ( 13 ) and a fines area ( 14 ).

The housing ( 9 ) takes the conveyor element ( 15 ), which in the delivery room ( 11 ) is arranged. The conveying element ( 15 ) is by means of a tongue and groove connection against rotation with the drive shaft ( 4 ), so that the movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) on the conveying element ( 15 ) is transmitted. Held in position, the conveying element ( 15 ) from the drawbar ( 16 ). The conveying element ( 15 ) points along the central axis ( 19 ) has a bore through which the pull rod ( 16 ) in a designated hole ( 17 ) in the drive shaft ( 4 ) is screwed. The drawbar ( 16 ) is formed like an elongated screw, so has at one end a thread ( 161 ), at the other end is a screw head ( 162 ) educated.

The conveying element ( 15 ) passes through the perforated plate ( 12 ) through. Am, in the Grobgutbereich ( 13 ) lying part of the conveying element ( 15 ) is at a variable distance X from the perforated plate ( 12 ) the Cutting tool ( 2 ) appropriate. The cutting tool ( 2 ) is by means of a support disk ( 18 ), which down on the screw head of the drawbar ( 16 ) rests and the end portion of the conveying element ( 15 ) axially, held in position.

Next shows 1 a central axis ( 19 ). On this central axis ( 19 ) are centered the drive shaft ( 4 ), the two flanges ( 6 . 7 ), the sealing element ( 10 ), the conveying element ( 15 ), the drawbar ( 16 ), the perforated plate ( 12 ), the cutting tool ( 2 ), as well as the support disk ( 18 ).

The drive shaft ( 4 ) comprises five different diameters ( D1 to D5 ). The first diameter ( D1 ) is the upper area and protrudes into the transmission housing ( 5 ) into it. Another diameter ( D2 ) describes the drive shaft ( 4 ) in the area in which the at least one spring ( 20 ) is recorded. The third diameter ( D3 ) is driven by the drive shaft ( 4 ) in the area where a warehouse ( 21 ) is recorded. In the area where the drive shaft ( 4 ) the sealing element ( 10 ), this has the fourth diameter ( D4 ) on. A fifth diameter ( D5 ) describes the drive shaft ( 4 ) in the area in which the conveying element ( 15 ) is present. The following applies: D1 <D2 <D3 <D4> D5, where D5 = D1, D2, or D3.

Due to this particular embodiment of the drive shaft ( 4 ) at the diameter transitions tapers ( V1 to V4 ). Where the first rejuvenation ( V1 ) between the first diameter ( D1 ) and the second diameter ( D2 ), the second rejuvenation ( V2 ) between the second diameter ( D2 ) and the third diameter ( D3 ), the third rejuvenation ( V3 ) between the third diameter ( D3 ) and the fourth diameter ( D4 ) and the fourth rejuvenation ( V4 ) between the fourth diameter ( D4 ) and the fifth diameter ( D5 ) of the drive shaft ( 4 ) is arranged. Next, the drive shaft ( 4 ) in the region of the transmission housing ( 5 ) a free shaft end, whereby the axial relative movement according to the invention is made possible.

The 2 shows the enlarged section A of 1 , here are clearly the different diameters ( D1 to D5 ) of the drive shaft ( 4 ), as well as their transitions and the corresponding rejuvenations ( V1 to V4 )

The lower flange ( 7 ) is as in 1 described with the housing ( 9 ) screwed. The inside of the lower flange ( 7 ) is as a thread ( 71 ) educated.

The bearing housing ( 8th ) has externally threaded ( 81 ), which matches the thread ( 71 ) of the lower flange ( 7 ) is trained. So that the two threads ( 71 . 81 ) can be in operative connection, the outer diameter of the bearing housing ( 8th ) equal to the inner diameter of the lower flange ( 7 ) his. At the lower end of the bearing housing ( 8th ) is a fold ( 82 ) with which the bearing ( 21 ) is recorded. Because the warehouse ( 21 ) on the fold ( 82 ), the warehouse ( 21 ) a variable distance ( Z ) for rejuvenation ( V3 ) of the drive shaft. This distance ( Z ) causes blows from the cutting tool via the drive shaft in the adjustment ( 100 ) not the warehouse ( 21 ) can damage. In the axial direction to the transmission housing ( 5 ) the warehouse ( 21 ) of a retaining ring ( 22 ) held in position.

Above the camp ( 21 ) is the at least one spring ( 20 ) partially in the area of the bearing housing ( 8th ). In the axial direction to the lower flange ( 7 ) is the at least one spring ( 20 ) on the rejuvenation ( V2 ) and the warehouse ( 8th ) and is in the axial direction to the upper flange ( 6 ) of a retaining ring ( 23 ) held to bias. The retaining ring ( 23 ) thus forms the operative connection between the drive shaft ( 4 ) and the at least one spring ( 20 ).

Will the bearing housing ( 8th ) so twisted that by the thread pitch between the bearing housing ( 8th ) and lower flange ( 7 ), the bearing housing in the direction of the upper flange ( 6 ), the distance increases ( Y ) between bearing housings ( 8th ) and sealing element ( 10 ). This axial relative movement is from the bearing housing ( 8th ) over the camp ( 21 ) to the at least one spring ( 20 ). By the endeavor of the at least one spring ( 20 ) remain in their original state, the at least one spring ( 20 ) the movement to the retaining ring ( 23 ) and thus also to the drive shaft ( 4 ). This shifts the package from drawbar ( 16 ), Conveying element ( 15 ) and cutting tool ( 2 ) opposite the housing ( 9 ) and the perforated plate ( 12 ) axially upwards and the distance ( X ) decreases. If the distance ( X ) is the direction of rotation of the bearing housing ( 8th ) to reverse.

Thus, by turning the bearing housing ( 8th ) the distance X between perforated plate ( 12 ) and cutting tool ( 2 ) infinitely adjustable.

The 3 discloses a second embodiment of the subject invention. Here is shown a modification in which the sealing element ( 10 ) and the lower flange ( 7 ) as a coupling flange ( 30 ). This coupling flange ( 30 ) can be manufactured as a casting and shows how originally the lower flange ( 7 ) an internal thread into which the Bearing housing ( 8th ) is screwed. The coupling flange ( 30 ) is between the transmission housing ( 5 ) and the housing ( 9 ) and near the housing ( 9 ) A conduit which is intended for the supply of blocking fluid for a mechanical seal.

Next takes the coupling flange ( 30 ) a second ball bearing ( 31 ), which by means of a retaining ring ( 32 ) relative to the coupling flange ( 30 ) is fixed and by means of another retaining ring ( 33 ) relative to the conveying element ( 15 ) is fixed. So is by the retaining ring ( 33 ) the conveying element ( 15 ) along the central axis ( 19 ) fixed. This makes it possible the drawbar ( 16 ) and remove the cutting tool ( 2 ), without the position of the conveying element ( 15 ) must be changed.

In order to realize this modification, it is further necessary to have the elements along the central axis ( 19 ) as follows. Starting from the top is in the range of the gear housing ( 5 ) a drive shaft ( 4 ), which in the course down into the region of the coupling flange ( 30 ) entry. Here the drive shaft ( 4 ), as explained in the notes to the 2 described that at least one spring ( 20 ) and the warehouse ( 21 ) on. Along the central axis ( 19 ) in the direction of the housing ( 9 ) now evers an axial extension of the conveying element ( 15 ), which from the area of the housing ( 9 ) in the coupling flange ( 30 ) protrudes, via the drive shaft ( 4 ). The conveying element ( 15 ) has, as in the previous embodiment, a bore along the central axis, through which the pull rod ( 16 ) to be led. The drawbar ( 16 ) is in the hole ( 17 ), which at the lower end of the drive shaft ( 4 ) is screwed.

Thus lies in a fictitious plane, which parallel to the housing ( 9 ) and at right angles to the central axis ( 19 ), the pull rod ( 16 ) exactly on the central axis ( 19 ), radially enclosed by the drive shaft ( 4 ), which in turn from the conveyor element ( 15 ) is enclosed radially. To the conveyor element ( 15 ) is the second ball bearing ( 31 ), which from the coupling flange ( 30 ) is recorded.

The connection between drive shaft ( 3 ) and conveying element ( 15 ) is designed so that the rotational movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) on the conveying element ( 15 ) and then on the cutting tool ( 2 ) can be transmitted. For example, via a thread, or a plug connection.

4 shows a further embodiment of the subject invention, concerning the design of the conveying element ( 15 ). This consists in this embodiment of three parts, the connecting element ( 151 ), at least one conveyor wing ( 152 ) and the recording ( 153 ). This creates further maintenance options.

The remaining components of the subject invention are analogous to the previous descriptions of 1 to 3 consider. The connecting element ( 151 ) connects the drive shaft ( 4 ) with at least one conveyor wing ( 152 ) and the recording ( 153 ) and is centered to the central axis ( 19 ). Along the central axis ( 19 ), the connecting element ( 151 ) a bore, through this hole, the drawbar ( 16 ) guided.

On a fictitious plane, which parallel to the housing ( 9 ) and at right angles to the central axis ( 19 ) is stretched, the pull rod ( 16 ) exactly on the central axis ( 19 ), radially enclosed by the drive shaft ( 4 ), which in turn from the connecting element ( 151 ) is enclosed radially. To the connecting element ( 151 ) is the second ball bearing ( 31 ), which from the coupling flange ( 30 ) is recorded.

At the lower end of the connecting element ( 151 ) this is designed so that the at least one conveyor wing ( 152 ) positively on the connecting element ( 151 ) can be created. The conveying wings ( 152 ) turn with the recording ( 152 ) screwed. The recording ( 152 ) is centered to the central axis ( 19 ). Along the central axis ( 19 ) shows the recording ( 152 ) a bore, through this hole, the drawbar ( 16 ) guided.

By screwing the drawbar ( 16 ) in the drive shaft ( 4 ) the package consists of connecting element ( 151 ), Conveyor wing ( 152 ) and recording ( 153 ) in the crusher ( 1 ). By this arrangement, it is possible the drawbar ( 16 ) remove the recording ( 153 ) and so the conveying wings ( 152 ), without further elements of the comminution machine ( 1 ) claim.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

crusher

2

cutting tool

3

drive

4

drive shaft

5

gearbox

6

upper flange

7

lower flange

71

Thread of the flange

8th

bearing housing

81

Thread of the bearing housing

82

Fold of the bearing housing

9

casing

10

sealing element

11

delivery chamber

12

perforated plate

13

Grobgutbereich

14

Feingutbereich

15

impeller

151

connecting element

152

conveying wings

153

admission

16

pull bar

161

Thread of the drawbar

162

Screw head of the drawbar

17

drilling

18

support disc

19

central axis

20

feather

21

warehouse

22

Circlip between bearing housing & bearing

23

Circlip between shaft & spring

30

coupling flange

31

Second camp

32

Circlip between coupling flange & second bearing

33

Circlip between second bearing & conveyor element

D1

First diameter

D2

Second diameter

D3

Third diameter

D4

Fourth diameter

D5

Fifth diameter

V1

First rejuvenation

V2

Second rejuvenation

V3

Third rejuvenation

V4

Fourth rejuvenation

X

Distance between perforated plate and cutting tool

Y

Distance between bearing housing and sealing element

Z

Distance between bearings and third taper

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202006014804 U1 [0004]

Claims (10)

Device for adjusting a cutting tool (2), which is in communication with a drive shaft (4), opposite a static perforated plate (12), which is mounted in a housing (9) of a solids grinding machine in fluids, wherein the cutting tool (2) by means of an adjusting unit (100), which transmits an axial relative movement to the drive shaft (4), is axially displaceable. Device after Claim 1 , wherein the drive shaft (4) is arranged centrally in the adjustment unit (100). Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjusting unit (100) comprises at least one spring (20), at least one bearing (21), at least one bearing housing (8) and at least one flange (7, 30). Device after Claim 3 , wherein the bearing housing (8) with the flange (7, 30) is operatively connected so that a distance Y is variably adjustable. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 4 , wherein the operative connection between the bearing housing (8) and the flange (7) by means of a thread can be realized, so that upon rotation of the bearing housing (8) about the central axis (19) relative to the flange (7), the bearing housing (8) Position along the central axis (19) changed. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 5 , wherein the bearing (21) in the bearing housing (8) in a fold provided therefor (82) and by means of the retaining ring (22) in the bearing housing (8) can be positioned. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 6 wherein the bearing (21) transmits the relative movement of the bearing housing (8) to the drive shaft (4). Device according to one of Claims 3 to 7 , wherein with at least one spring (20) which is in communication with the bearing (21), the axial relative movement of the bearing housing (8) on the drive shaft (9) is transferable. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 8th wherein the drive shaft (4) has at least four different diameters. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 9 , wherein the drive shaft (4) in the axial course changes four times the diameter, wherein at least two of the diameters can be identical.

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