DE102018104926B4 - Method for operating and device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for operating an internal combustion engine (BKM) by means of regulating a plurality of control variables (RG) for a plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine comprising at least one power (P), one supercharging (A), one combustion (V) and / or emission (E) relevant system variable (SG), comprising the steps: - determining a desired value of the controlled variable (RG) and receiving an actual value of the controlled variable available for the internal combustion engine as well as comparing the desired value with the actual value of the controlled variable, - regulating a The manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable according to the comparison result between the setpoint value and the actual value of the controlled variable (RG); - Compare the manipulated variable thus controlled with a predetermined manipulated variable and determine whether an amount of a difference between the controlled manipulated variable and the predetermined manipulated variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference, said plurality of control variables (RG) by means of a number of control switches The aforementioned steps for the system variables are carried out comprehensively, with the predetermined speed (n) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine being predetermined according to a desired or current operating point of the internal combustion engine, characterized by receiving one of one Emission and / or a consumption of the internal combustion engine-dependent initial correction value (KORR), the setpoint value of the controlled variable being determined taking into account the initial correction value; wherein the initial correction value of the controlled variable is determined in such a way that the setpoint value of the controlled variable is changed by the initial correction value in such a way that nitrogen oxide emissions and / or the consumption of the internal combustion engine are reduced; and outputting a correction interruption signal if at least one reaction variable has exceeded a predetermined limit value of the reaction variable, the correction interruption signal leading to an adaptation of the initial correction value in such a way that the correspondingly determined setpoint value of the controlled variable maintains the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption at a current level.

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine by means of regulating a plurality of control variables for a plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine comprising at least one system variable relating to power, charging, combustion and / or emissions. The invention also relates to a device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine.

Holistic controls of engines are largely based on open control loops or rather control principles in which setpoint values of a controlled variable are used to determine manipulated variables of the internal combustion engine through characteristic maps. These map values supply, for example, input variables for the combustion and the air and exhaust gas path; that is, regarding the power, charging, combustion and / or emissions of an internal combustion engine. Depending on the motor technology used, e.g. Variabilities in the gas exchange in the form of various flap or valve closing times, an existing control structure in a control and regulating device of an internal combustion engine, in particular the central engine control unit (ECU), is therefore comparatively complex. This is because there is also a comparatively large number of ECU parameters, which may be cumbersome, in particular sometimes expensive, and have to be determined or optimized repeatedly or even regularly in tests. Map values generally require a complex calibration process on the test bench.

In the past, however, the need for characteristic maps has arisen, among other things, from the fact that the use of mass flow sensors directly on the cylinder of the internal combustion engine is not really practical due to the turbulence that occurs there. In engine management and a corresponding regulation, the air mass is often used both for regulating the air path and for regulating the combustion. The air mass is decisive for controlling the engines with exhaust gas recirculation or, for example, with variable valve control. So far it has been possible to specify an optimal boost pressure in the context of optimal charging using a large number of maps.

However, the data on an engine control unit also shows that many parameters are set in the experiment as a function of the engine's operating point with regard to often contradicting target values - consumption and emissions in particular are to be mentioned here. Specifically, the map settings are primarily specified to optimize performance, charging and combustion - less in relation to consumption (fuel consumption) and emissions (NOx).

As far as a regulation of typical system variables, such as power, charging and combustion and / or emissions is provided, separate control loops are initially proposed in current internal combustion engines. Each control loop typically includes a separate control of a system variable by setting a manipulated variable around an operating point of the internal combustion engine and a subsequent limitation of this manipulated variable.

In contrast, describes DE 10 2004 038 156 A1 For example, a method with comparatively dominant real control approaches, namely for controlling at least one first exhaust gas turbocharger with variable turbine geometry, with a first control circuit for controlling the charge air pressure and a second control circuit for controlling the turbine speed and the second control circuit being subordinate to the first control circuit - the manipulated variable of the first control loop corresponds to the reference variable of the second control loop. Thus, the charge air pressure and the turbine speed can be regulated at the same time. In practice, the peak combustion pressure can also be limited via the charge air pressure and, at the same time, the turbine speed.

Another approach to a control and regulating operation of an internal combustion engine works as in FIG DE 10 2012 207 124 A1 the case with closed control loops - also here coupled in parallel or multi-dimensionally - for a charge air variable and an exhaust gas variable, whereby these are used individually or in cascade as required for the several parallel controlled control variables.

In DE 19953767 C2 describes a control system for protecting an internal combustion engine from overload, in which the output of the internal combustion engine is determined as a function of a desired output and a second signal, the second signal being determined from a difference torque between the current and maximum permissible engine torque. A selection means is provided in which two signals are compared with one another and, depending on the comparison, the first or second signal is set as the power-determining signal. In normal operation, the first signal, which represents the power-determining signal, is regulated by the first controller for the power of the internal combustion engine. A change in dominance to the second controller then takes place via the selection means. In order to avoid sudden changes in the power-determining signal when there is a change in dominance, the two control loops are coupled to one another.

In DE 10 2008 002 424 A1 describes a method for operating an internal combustion engine in which a combustion characteristic is determined. A correction characteristic is used to learn the controller interventions carried out by the controller. Here, the controller intervention to be learned is stored in a speed-dependent, cylinder-specific correction characteristic curve, which can be used, for example, to initialize the controller when the internal combustion engine is started.

In DE 10 2009 042 340 A1 an engine system comprising a throttle actuator module and a torque control module is described, in which a target engine torque is to be achieved by means of a control of vehicle actuators. Here a torque monitoring system determines limits for torque calculations based on rate limiting functions and applies corrections to the torque calculations that are outside the limits. In some implementations, the control module may output a torque offset that is equal to the difference between the rate limited torque and an estimated air torque.

Such and similar approaches thus regularly use controller structures with controllers arranged and coupled in parallel in a control and regulation method in which several system variables or their assigned control variables are to be controlled simultaneously. A prerequisite for a good functioning is also an above-average good data supply with characteristic maps and a sufficiently good signaling by means of the available sensors. However, as the complexity of the systems increases, precisely these specifications are no longer given, or only given to a limited extent, or are only available to a limited extent during operation.

It is therefore desirable to achieve a simple and yet efficient controller structure within the framework of a holistic machine control strategy (“Controlled Engine Strategy”), which is in any case designed to regulate automatically so that wear and aging can be compensated for via the controller structure; To the extent that at least this type of repeated or necessary renewed data input to characteristic maps can be saved. In particular, data on maps should be saved, which result from partially opposing optimization requirements, e.g. Power, charging and combustion on the one hand and consumption and emissions on the other.

This is where the invention begins, the object of which is to provide an improved method for operating an internal combustion engine for regulating a system variable. In particular, the method according to the invention is intended to reduce the data input effort within the real control loops used in this respect - that is, less as open control loops, but rather with feedback.
The internal combustion engine should preferably be started up as quickly and safely as possible. It is also an object of the invention to nevertheless optimize emissions and consumption for different loads and speeds without neglecting the primary control requirements for power, charging and combustion. In the case of the method according to the invention, however, the effort required for data processing within the real control loops used in this respect - that is, less as open control loops, but rather with feedback - should be reduced.

The object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention by a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.

• - Ermitteln eines Soll-Wertes der Regelgröße und Empfangen eines für die Brennkraftmaschine vorliegenden Ist-Wertes der Regelgröße sowie Vergleichen des Soll-Wertes mit dem Ist-Wert der Regelgröße,
• - Regeln einer der Regelgröße zugeordneten Stellgröße entsprechend des Vergleichsergebnis zwischen dem Soll-Wert und dem Ist-Wert der Regelgröße;
• - Vergleichen der so geregelten Stellgröße mit einer vorbestimmten Grenzstellgröße und Feststellen, ob ein Betrag einer Differenz aus geregelter Stellgröße und vorbestimmter Grenzstellgröße größer ist als eine vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz.

The method according to the invention for operating an internal combustion engine is implemented by means of regulating a plurality of control variables for a plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine comprising at least one system variable relating to power, charging, combustion and / or emissions and has the following steps:

• - Determining a target value of the controlled variable and receiving an actual value of the controlled variable available for the internal combustion engine as well as comparing the target value with the actual value of the controlled variable,
• - Regulating a manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable in accordance with the comparison result between the setpoint value and the actual value of the controlled variable;
• - Compare the manipulated variable regulated in this way with a predetermined manipulated variable limit and determine whether an amount of a difference between the manipulated variable regulated and the manipulated limit variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference.

• - die genannte Mehrzahl von Regelgrößen (RG) mittels einer Anzahl von Regelungsschleifen jeweils umfassend die vorgenannten Schritte für die Systemgrößen erfolgt, wobei
• - die vorbestimmte Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder das vorbestimmte Drehmoment der Brennkraftmaschine entsprechend einem gewünschten oder aktuellen Betriebspunkt der Brennkraftmaschine vorbestimmt sind, und
• - Empfangen eines initialen Korrekturwertes (KORR), abhängig von einer momentanen Emission und/oder einem momentanen Verbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei der Soll-Wert der Regelgröße unter Berücksichtigung des initialen Korrekturwerts ermittelt wird.

According to the invention it is provided that

• - the mentioned plurality of controlled variables ( RG ) the aforementioned steps for the system variables are carried out by means of a number of control loops, in which case
• the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine are predetermined in accordance with a desired or current operating point of the internal combustion engine, and
• - Receiving an initial correction value ( CORR ), depending on an instantaneous emission and / or an instantaneous consumption of the internal combustion engine, the setpoint value of the controlled variable being determined taking into account the initial correction value.

The invention is based on the consideration that it is important for quick start-up of the internal combustion engine to select the initial specifications within a control structure in such a way that the current emissions and the current consumption of the internal combustion engine are taken into account in the control. For this purpose, it was recognized that a consumption and emissions-dependent correction value already taken into account for determining the setpoint value, in combination with a predetermined initial manipulated variable, can lead to particularly advantageous regulation of parameters of the internal combustion engine.

In the method according to the invention, system variables relating to power, charging, combustion and / or emissions are regulated from the plurality of system variables. These variables represent the central system variables of an internal combustion engine, so that regulation of these variables ensures safe and reliable operation of the internal combustion engine within the framework of a holistic machine control strategy (“Controlled Engine Strategy”). The method according to the invention advantageously enables particularly simple and rapid regulation of the plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine. This enables particularly rapid data input to a device controlling the internal combustion engine and rapid start-up of the internal combustion engine.

The control loop of each system variable consists of a target value determination section, a control section and a limitation section. This simple control structure, in combination with the specification of initial setpoints, manipulated variables and correction values, leads to a reduction in control errors and thus enables particularly safe operation of the internal combustion engine.

Furthermore, by specifying initial setpoint values, manipulated variables and correction values, a desired operating point of the internal combustion engine can be reached particularly quickly after the internal combustion engine has started operating.

The fact that the current emissions, in particular nitrogen oxide emissions, and the current consumption of the internal combustion engine are taken into account is also particularly advantageous in the method according to the invention. As a result, the internal combustion engine can be operated in a particularly environmentally friendly manner and, through low consumption, also lead to a reduction in the costs of the internal combustion engine. The method according to the invention can advantageously ensure that predetermined emission values of the internal combustion engine are complied with at an operating point reached after the regulation of the internal combustion engine, if the predetermined emission values can be achieved at all with the corresponding internal combustion engine.

Limiting regulated manipulated variables with respect to values that are too large or too small compared to a limit manipulated variable is advantageous in order to keep the values of the manipulated variable close to an operating point of the internal combustion engine. The limit manipulated variable is predetermined according to this operating point.

The controlled variable is always a variable relating to the system variable, since it is provided for regulating the manipulated variable in accordance with current properties of the system variable.

The initial correction value is dependent on the corresponding controlled variable for which the corresponding setpoint value is determined. The correction value is preferably determined from the instantaneous emission and the instantaneous consumption by a control variable-dependent calculation rule.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved by a device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine.

• eine entsprechende Leistungsregelung, Aufladereglung und/oder Verbrennungs- und/oder Emissionsregelung ein jeweiliges Sollgrößenmodul, Regelungsmodul und Begrenzungsmodul jeweils in einer Regelungsschleife aufweisen, wobei
  • - das Regelungsmodul in der Regelungsschleife ausgebildet ist, einen Ist-Wert der Regelgröße und den Soll-Wert der Regelgröße zu empfangen und eine der Regelgröße zugeordnete Stellgröße auf Basis des Soll-Werts und des Ist-Werts zu regeln,
  • - das Begrenzungsmodul in der Regelungsschleife ausgebildet ist zum Vergleichen der so geregelten Stellgröße mit einer vorbestimmten Grenzstellgröße und Feststellen ob ein Betrag einer Differenz aus geregelter Stellgröße und vorbestimmter Grenzstellgröße größer ist als eine vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz.

The device according to the invention has a supercharger with an exhaust gas recirculation and a motor with a number of cylinders, which can be charged by means of charge air and / or exhaust gas from the supercharger, and the device has a power control, supercharging control, combustion control and / or emission control for regulating a corresponding Power-related, charging-related, combustion-related and / or emissions-related system variable, wherein

• a corresponding power control, charge control and / or combustion and / or emission control have a respective setpoint module, control module and limitation module each in a control loop, wherein
  • - the control module in the control loop is designed to receive an actual value of the controlled variable and the setpoint value of the controlled variable and to regulate a manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable on the basis of the setpoint and the actual value,
  • - The limitation module in the control loop is designed to compare the so regulated manipulated variable with a predetermined limit manipulated variable and determining whether an amount of a difference between the regulated manipulated variable and the predetermined limit manipulated variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference.

• - die genannte Mehrzahl von Regelgrößen mittels einer Anzahl von Regelungsschleifen jeweils umfassend die vorgenannten Schritte für die Systemgrößen erfolgt, wobei die vorbestimmte Drehzahl (n) der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder das vorbestimmte Drehmoment der Brennkraftmaschine entsprechend dem Betriebspunkt der Brennkraftmaschine vorbestimmt sind, und
• - das Sollgrößenmodul ausgebildet ist, aus einem initialen Soll-Wert und einem initialen Korrekturwert einer Regelgröße einen Soll-Wert der Regelgröße zu ermitteln und auszugeben, wobei der initiale Soll-Wert abhängig von einer vorbestimmten Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder einem vorbestimmten Drehmoment der Brennkraft-Maschine ist und wobei der initiale Korrekturwert abhängig von einer momentanen Emission und einem momentanen Verbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine ist.

According to the invention it is provided that

• - The aforementioned plurality of control variables is carried out by means of a number of control loops, each comprising the aforementioned steps for the system variables, the predetermined speed (s) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine being predetermined according to the operating point of the internal combustion engine, and
• The setpoint module is designed to determine and output a setpoint of the controlled variable from an initial setpoint value and an initial correction value of a controlled variable, the initial setpoint value depending on a predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine -Machine and wherein the initial correction value is dependent on a current emission and a current consumption of the internal combustion engine.

The method according to the invention and the device make it possible to regulate and / or control the internal combustion engine with a particularly low level of data input. The device according to the invention makes it possible, with the internal combustion engine, to obtain optimum values of parameters of the internal combustion engine for the operating point particularly quickly. In particular, taking consumption and emissions into account can also support environmentally friendly operation with low consumption costs.

According to a further aspect, the invention relates to an internal combustion engine which has a supercharger with exhaust gas recirculation and a motor with a number of cylinders, which can be charged by means of charge air and / or exhaust gas from the supercharger, and which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention, in particular has a device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine according to the invention or a development of the invention.

Further advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims and indicate in detail advantageous possibilities for realizing the concept explained above within the scope of the task and with regard to further advantages.

The sequential modular structure preferred in a development with a sequence of control loops ensures a particularly simple and low-interference structure. In the device, moreover, the setpoint variable module, the control module and the limitation module can be arranged in a common control unit in each control loop but function separately. In particular, different control loops, such as power control, charging control and / or combustion and / or emissions control, can be provided in a common device but functioning separately within the scope of the sequential modular structure.

The developments are also based on the consideration that, for safe operation of the internal combustion engine, it should be ensured that the internal combustion engine is operated in the vicinity of a desired operating point. For this purpose, it was recognized that the specification of initial values for the setpoint value of the controlled variable and / or the manipulated variable according to a desired operating point and depending on a predetermined speed and / or torque measured in particular in the past is particularly simple and reliable. In addition or as an alternative to the specification of initial values for the setpoint value of the controlled variable, the regulation of the manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable can thus have a specification of an initial manipulated variable that is dependent on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine.

The method enables a particularly simple and rapid regulation of the plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine. The simple control structure with the limitation of the manipulated variable and the specification of the initial setpoint value of the controlled variable and / or the initial manipulated variable is particularly less prone to malfunctions during operation.

In a first variant of the method, a setpoint value of the control variable is determined with an initial setpoint value of the control variable depending on a predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine. The initial target value of the controlled variable can be used as a functional dependency f (n, M) a controlled variable relating to system variables, depending on a predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine; ie in particular with the greatest possible avoidance of characteristic maps for the controlled variable.

In a second additional or alternative, further development variant of the method, the initial manipulated variable - preferably additionally or alternatively, the predetermined limit manipulated variable on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine - is dependent. Furthermore, the predetermined limit manipulated variable can additionally or alternatively be dependent on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine. Overall, in addition to the aforementioned initial dependence of the setpoint value of the controlled variable on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine, that is to say on an initial setpoint value in this variant, an initial setpoint of the predetermined limit control variable can be determined and be useful.

The initial setpoint value of the predetermined limit manipulated variable and / or manipulated variable can be used as a functional dependency f (n, M) one of the manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable can be determined as a function of a predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine; that is to say in particular with the greatest possible avoidance of characteristic maps for the predetermined limit manipulated variable and / or manipulated variable.

The initial controlled variable and / or manipulated variable and / or the predetermined limit manipulated variable is therefore preferably dependent on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine. In this respect, as explained above, an initial setpoint value of these aforementioned variables is particularly preferred only in the context of a functional dependency f (n, M) , F (n, M) to pretend. This avoids characteristic maps and accordingly no data is required for the same. The specification of a functional dependency f (n, M) , F (n, M) can, on the other hand, be conducive to a particularly rapid determination of the initial target value. For example, the functional dependency has proven to be advantageous f (n, M) , F (n, M) as a linear function, in such a way that the setpoint value is linearly dependent on the speed and / or the torque of the internal combustion engine. Such a linear function can preferably be determined as an interpolation or regression by interpolating a target value for one of these aforementioned variables between a minimum value of this variable at minimum speed and torque of the internal combustion engine and a maximum value of this variable at maximum speed and engine torque. By specifying initial values for the manipulated variable, the predetermined limit manipulated variable and / or for the controlled variable, it can nonetheless be ensured that the corresponding internal combustion engine is operated in a reasonable operating variable range, in particular that it continues to be operated in the vicinity of the predetermined or current operating point Framework of the applied control loops. Furthermore, the method according to the invention enables an internal combustion engine to be operationally ready relatively quickly by specifying an initial setpoint value oriented towards the desired operating point and an initial manipulated variable.

The method according to the concept of the invention or one of the developments enables a comparatively safe operation of the internal combustion engine even while largely avoiding characteristic diagrams. During operation, the manipulated variables of the internal combustion engine can be adapted quickly and reliably to this operating point, for example, according to a temporarily desired operating point.

Furthermore, the limitation of regulated manipulated variables with respect to values that are too large or too small compared to a limit manipulated variable is advantageous in order to keep the values of the manipulated variable close to an operating point of the internal combustion engine. The limit manipulated variable is predetermined according to this operating point.

• - Bestimmen des initialen Korrekturwertes der Regelgröße derart, dass der Soll-Wert der Regelgröße durch den initialen Korrekturwert so verändert wird, dass eine Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder der Verbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine abgesenkt werden; und/oder
• - wiederholtes Messen von mindestens einer Reaktionsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die mindestens eine Reaktionsgröße abhängig von der momentanen Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder dem momentanen Verbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine ist; und/oder
• - Ausgeben eines Korrektur-Unterbrechungssignals, falls die mindestens eine Reaktionsgröße einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert der Reaktionsgröße überschritten hat, wobei das Korrektur-Unterbrechungssignal zu einer Anpassung des initialen Korrekturwertes derart führt, dass der entsprechend bestimmte Soll-Wert der Regelgröße ein Halten der momentanen Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder des momentanen Verbrauchs auf einem momentanen Pegel verursacht.

In a particularly preferred development, the method according to the first aspect of the invention is carried out repeatedly and, according to the concept of the invention, furthermore has the steps:

• - Determination of the initial correction value of the controlled variable such that the setpoint value of the controlled variable is changed by the initial correction value in such a way that nitrogen oxide emissions and / or the consumption of the internal combustion engine are reduced; and or
• - Repeated measuring of at least one reaction variable of the internal combustion engine, the at least one reaction variable being dependent on the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption of the internal combustion engine; and or
• Output of a correction interruption signal if the at least one reaction variable has exceeded a predetermined limit value of the reaction variable, the correction interruption signal leading to an adaptation of the initial correction value in such a way that the correspondingly determined setpoint value of the controlled variable maintains the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption at a current level.

According to this concept of the invention, it is particularly advantageously ensured that consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions from the internal combustion engine are reduced as far as is still possible for safe operation of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the response variable is preferably a variable which typically reacts to changed values of consumption and emissions but leads to safe operation of the internal combustion engine only within a known, delimited range. The limit value of the corresponding at least one reaction variable is typically selected in such a way that, after the limit value is exceeded, safe operation of the internal combustion engine is no longer guaranteed.
In this development, particularly low emissions and / or particularly low consumption of the internal combustion engine is advantageously achieved. The advantage of the control structure of this development is that the reduction in emissions and / or consumption can be achieved automatically.

Preferably at least 2 reaction variables, particularly advantageously at least 6 reaction variables, are measured repeatedly. In this way, damage to the internal combustion engine, for example due to an excessively high temperature of the internal combustion engine, can be avoided particularly reliably. The measurement of a plurality of reaction variables increases the time required for the measurement, but since all relevant parameters of the internal combustion engine are now measured as standard using appropriate sensors, this development does not result in any temporal disadvantage.

In a further preferred development, the predetermined speed (s) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque ( M. ) the internal combustion engine is predetermined according to a desired operating point of the internal combustion engine. As a result, an operating point that is safe for the corresponding internal combustion engine can be reached particularly quickly. Furthermore, by means of such a pre-determination for the internal combustion engine, unsafe incorrect controls are avoided, in particular during the start of operation of the internal combustion engine.

• - die genannte Mehrzahl von Regelgrößen (RG) mittels einer Sequenz von Regelungsschleifen jeweils umfassend die vorgenannten Schritte für die Systemgrößen, in der Reihenfolge Leistung, Aufladung und Verbrennung und/oder Emission sequenziell nacheinander geregelt werden.

It is advantageously provided that

• - the mentioned plurality of controlled variables ( RG ) by means of a sequence of control loops, each comprising the aforementioned steps for the system variables, in the order power, charging and combustion and / or emissions are controlled sequentially one after the other.

This further development of the method also enables a particularly simple and rapid regulation of the plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine. A simple sequential control structure with the limitation of the manipulated variable is particularly less prone to disturbances during operation. The respective controls of the system size are therefore preferably not carried out in parallel. The setpoint value for regulating a next system variable is preferably determined only after the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable for setting the internal combustion engine has been output. The steps for regulating the at least two, in particular two to eight, preferably four, system variables are preferably repeated in a sequential sequence, in particular repeated regularly. This ensures that the system variables are in the range of the desired operating point of the internal combustion engine.

It is preferably provided that the aforementioned plurality of controlled variables are controlled sequentially one after the other by means of a sequence of control loops, each comprising the aforementioned steps for the system variables, in the order of power, charging and combustion and / or emissions. In particular, the steps for regulating the system size are correspondingly repeated sequentially for a number of further system variables, the further system variables being regulated in the order of the system variables relating to power, charging, combustion and / or emissions. This sequence is particularly advantageous for ensuring reliable operation of the internal combustion engine.

• - Bestimmen einer Stellgrößen-Begrenzungs-Differenz (ΔStG) zwischen der geregelten Stellgröße (StG) und einer geregelt begrenzten oder geregelt unbegrenzten Stellgröße (StG LIM) abhängig vom Feststellen ob ein Betrag einer Differenz aus geregelter Stellgröße (StG) und vorbestimmter Grenzstellgröße (GStG) größer ist als die vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz, und
• - Nutzen einer die Stellgrößen-Begrenzungs-Differenz (ΔStG) kennzeichnenden Begrenzungsinformation (fi, fi+1), beim Ermitteln (2, SOLL) eines Soll-Wertes der Regelgröße (RG) und/oder einer weiteren Regelgröße (RG) in der Sequenz, abhängig von der Begrenzungsinformation (fi,fi+1).

In a preferred development it is provided that at least one control loop comprises the steps:

• - Determination of a manipulated variable limitation difference ( ΔStG ) between the controlled manipulated variable ( StG ) and a regulated limited or regulated unlimited manipulated variable ( StG LIM ) depending on whether an amount is a difference from the controlled manipulated variable ( StG ) and predetermined limit manipulated variable (GStG) is greater than the predetermined limit difference, and
• - Use one of the manipulated variable limitation difference ( ΔStG ) identifying delimitation information ( fi , fi + 1 ), when determining ( 2 , SHOULD ) a set value of the controlled variable ( RG ) and / or another controlled variable ( RG ) in the sequence, depending on the limitation information ( fi , fi + 1 ).

• - Begrenzen der geregelten Stellgröße (StG) zu einer begrenzten Stellgröße (StG LIM), für den ersten Fall, dass ein Betrag der Differenz die vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz übersteigt, und
• - Beibehalten der geregelten Stellgröße (StG) als unbegrenzte Stellgröße (StG), für den zweiten Fall, dass ein Betrag der Differenz die vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz nicht übersteigt; sowie
• - Einstellen (SET) der Brennkraftmaschine entsprechend der für den ersten Fall geregelten und begrenzten oder der für den zweiten Fall geregelten und unbegrenzten Stellgröße (StG LIM , StG), insbesondere nach dem Feststellen, ob ein Betrag einer Differenz aus geregelter Stellgröße und vorbestimmter Grenzstellgröße größer ist als eine vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz.

In particular, the steps have proven to be preferred:

• - Limiting the controlled manipulated variable ( StG ) to a limited manipulated variable ( StG LIM ), for the first case that an amount of the difference exceeds the predetermined limit difference, and
• - Maintaining the regulated manipulated variable ( StG ) as an unlimited manipulated variable ( StG ), for the second case that an amount of the difference does not exceed the predetermined limit difference; as
• - Setting (SET) of the internal combustion engine according to the controlled and limited manipulated variable for the first case or the controlled and unlimited manipulated variable for the second case ( StG LIM , StG ), in particular after determining whether an amount of a difference between the regulated manipulated variable and the predetermined limit manipulated variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference.

• - Ermitteln (2, SOLL) des Soll-Wertes der Regelgröße (RG) abhängig von einer ersten Begrenzungsinformation (fi), wobei die erste Begrenzungsinformation (fi) im Rahmen einer in der Sequenz vorrangegangenen Regelungsschleife ausgegeben wird, insbesondere als erste Begrenzungsinformation (fi) kennzeichnend eine Stellgrößen-Begrenzungs-Differenz (ΔStG) der vorangegangenen Regelungsschleife, und
• - Nutzen der Begrenzungsinformation (fi+1) als zweite Begrenzungsinformation (fi+1) beim Ermitteln (2, SOLL) eines Soll-Wertes einer weiteren Regelgröße (RG), abhängig von der zweiten Begrenzungsinformation (fi+1) im Rahmen einer in der Sequenz nachfolgenden Regelungsschleife.

In particular, the following is provided:

• - Determine ( 2 , SHOULD ) the target value of the controlled variable ( RG ) depending on a first limitation information ( fi ), where the first limitation information ( fi ) is output within the framework of a control loop that precedes the sequence, in particular as first limiting information ( fi ) characterizing a manipulated variable limitation difference ( ΔStG ) of the previous control loop, and
• - Use of the limitation information ( fi + 1 ) as second limitation information ( fi + 1 ) when determining ( 2 , SHOULD ) a target value of another controlled variable ( RG ), depending on the second limitation information ( fi + 1 ) as part of a control loop following in the sequence.

It is preferably provided that the steps of a control loop of the sequence of control loops for controlling the plurality of controlled variables ( RG ) be repeated, correspondingly for a performance ( P ), one charge ( A. ), combustion ( V ) and emission (E) related system variables and optionally for a further number of at least one further system variable by means of respectively associated control loops of the sequence.

As part of this development, the control loops for the individual system variables are coupled to one another by outputting and receiving the limitation information. This creates a predetermined time sequence of controls and consequently a sequential control structure. In this development, particularly stable operation of the internal combustion engine is ensured. Here, a setpoint value of at least one control variable is determined as a function of the corresponding initial setpoint value of this control variable and the correspondingly received limitation information. The second limitation information is a function of the difference between the manipulated variable and the limitation. In particular, it can be binary information about whether a limitation has taken place, it can be the manipulated variable-limitation difference itself or have some other functional relationship to the manipulated variable-limitation difference.

In a further preferred development, the steps for regulating the system variable are correspondingly repeated sequentially for a number of at least two, in particular two to eight, preferably four, system variables in the method. In this case, the second piece of limitation information is preferably output to a control immediately following in time for determining a corresponding setpoint value. The respective regulations of the system size in the context of these developments are preferably not carried out in parallel. Only after the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable for setting the internal combustion engine has been output is the setpoint value for regulating a next system variable determined. The steps for regulating the at least two, in particular two to eight, preferably four, system variables are preferably repeated in a sequential sequence, in particular repeated regularly. This ensures that the system variables are in the range of the desired operating point of the internal combustion engine. The steps for regulating a system variable according to the sequential sequence for various system variables are particularly preferably repeated up to a later point in time, in particular until the internal combustion engine is switched off.

In a preferred development of the method, system variables relating to power, charging, combustion and / or emissions are regulated from the plurality of system variables. These variables represent the central system variables of an internal combustion engine, so that regulation of these variables ensures reliable operation of the internal combustion engine.

In particular, the steps for regulating the system size are correspondingly repeated sequentially for a number of further system variables, the further system variables being regulated in the order of the system variable relating to power, charging and combustion. This sequence is particularly advantageous for ensuring reliable operation of the internal combustion engine. A system variable relating to power is to be understood as meaning, for example, the power of the internal combustion engine. A system variable relating to charging is understood to mean, for example, the charging of the internal combustion engine. A system variable relating to combustion is to be understood as meaning, for example, the combustion of the internal combustion engine.

The controlled variable is always a variable relating to the system variable, in particular that which has the most effective effect on the system variable. The controlled variable is therefore intended to regulate the manipulated variable according to current properties of the system variable. The manipulated variable is advantageous assigned to the controlled variable as the decisive, in particular the most sensitive, manipulated variable. Preferably, the manipulated variable is assigned to the controlled variable as the relevant, in particular most sensitive, manipulated variable and is selected from a group of manipulated variables in such a way that the controlled variable changes more when the relevant, in particular most sensitive, manipulated variable changes than when another manipulated variable changes from the group of manipulated variables.

This means in particular that the system variable from the plurality of system variables reacts most sensitively to a change in the manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable compared to other manipulated variables from the group of manipulated variables.

• - eine Drehzahl (n) und/oder Drehmoment (M) der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere betreffend die Leistung (P);
• - einen Ladeluftdruck (p5), insbesondere betreffend die Aufladung (A);
• - einen Verbrennungsdruck (pMAX), insbesondere betreffend die Verbrennung (V);
• - einen Umsatzpunkt (MFB), an dem eine bestimmte Menge der Kraftstoffmasse verbrannt sind, insbesondere einen 50% Umsatzpunkt (EU50), insbesondere betreffend die Verbrennung (V);
• - einen Emissionswert (be, NOx) betreffend die Emission (E).

The plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine is preferably comprised of at least one power ( P ), one charge ( A. ) and a burn ( V ) and / or emission (E) related system size ( SG ) assigned a group of controlled variables, which includes:

• - a speed (n) and / or torque ( M. ) of the internal combustion engine, especially regarding the performance ( P );
• - a charge air pressure (p5), in particular with regard to charging ( A. );
• - a combustion pressure (pMAX), in particular with regard to the combustion ( V );
• - a turnover point (MFB) at which a certain amount of the fuel mass has been burned, in particular a 50% turnover point ( EU50 ), especially with regard to combustion ( V );
• - an emission value ( be , NOx) regarding the emission (E).

In particular, it is provided that the group of manipulated variables is a fuel mass ( mKRST ), an inlet valve opening time (tES, VCM), a turbine bypass opening time ( TBP ) and / or an exhaust gas recirculation valve opening time and a start of injection ( BOI ) includes.

In a preferred variant of the aforementioned development, the first number of control variables relating to system variables comprises a charge air pressure of the internal combustion engine, a peak injection pressure of the internal combustion engine and / or a 50% conversion time at which 50% of a fuel mass introduced into the internal combustion engine is expected to be consumed. A reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions and / or the consumption of the internal combustion engine can be achieved particularly quickly using these control variables. The charge air pressure can be used to regulate that a turbine bypass remains open longer. The peak injection pressure can be used to regulate that an intake valve of the internal combustion engine is opened earlier. The 50% conversion time can be used to regulate that the start of injection for the internal combustion engine is shifted to an earlier time. Targeted regulation of these variables of the first number of controlled variables avoids unnecessarily complicated and time-consuming regulation for all further controlled variables from the second number of controlled variables.

In a further development of the method according to the invention, the predetermined speed and / or the predetermined torque are predetermined according to a current operating point of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the predetermined speed and / or the predetermined torque can correspond to the value present or desired for the speed and / or the torque at the current operating point. Initial setpoints or manipulated variables can be obtained from speed and / or torque, for example, using predetermined characteristic maps. The maps used can be dependent on an operating point of the internal combustion engine.

In a preferred development, the predetermined rotational speed and / or the predetermined torque are used in order to obtain an initial manipulated variable and an initial setpoint value of the controlled variable calculated using a characteristic diagram formula and validated using test bench values. A linear function with respect to the speed and / or the torque is particularly preferred here. By using manipulated variables and target values validated via test stands, unforeseen incidents under unusual operating conditions of the internal combustion engine can be avoided.

• - Setzen von Randwertepaaren, die einen Validierungsbereich innerhalb eines Drehzahl- und/oder Drehmoment-abhängigen Kennfeldes für eine initiale Stellgröße und/oder einen initialen Soll-Wert bilden;
• - Berechnen von Zwischenwerten, die sich aus den Randwerten über die Kennfeld-Formel ergeben;
• - Validieren der Zwischenwerte über an einem Prüfstand vorbestimmte Prüfstandswerte;
• - Vorbestimmen der initialen Stellgröße und/oder des initialen Soll-Werts anhand der validierten und berechneten Zwischenwerte aus dem Kennfeld.

Der Validierungsbereich aus dieser Weiterbildung umfasst typischerweise den gesamten Bereich von Werten für Drehzahl und/oder Drehmoment, der im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine vorliegen kann. In dieser Weiterbildung wird durch das Validieren berechneter Zwischenwerte, die zwischen den Randwertepaaren liegen, ein besonders zuverlässiger Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine sichergestellt. Die Randwertpaare stellen ein Wertepaar, bestehend aus einer Drehzahl und/oder einem Drehmoment einerseits und einem entsprechenden Soll-Wert oder einer Stellgröße andererseits dar. Typischerweise wird durch die Randwertepaare eine entsprechende Zuordnung von maximaler und minimaler Drehzahl und/oder Drehmoment zu dem entsprechenden Soll-Wert oder der Stellgröße bereitgestellt. Detailliert wird eine derartige Zuordnung im Rahmen der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert.In a particularly preferred development, the method according to the invention has the following steps for predetermining the initial manipulated variable and / or the initial setpoint value:

• Setting of boundary value pairs that form a validation range within a speed and / or torque-dependent characteristic field for an initial manipulated variable and / or an initial setpoint value;
• - Calculation of intermediate values that result from the boundary values using the map formula;
• - Validation of the intermediate values using test stand values predetermined on a test stand;
• - Predetermination of the initial manipulated variable and / or the initial setpoint value using the validated and calculated intermediate values from the map.

The validation range from this development typically includes the entire range of values for speed and / or torque that can be present when the internal combustion engine is operating. In this development, the validation of calculated intermediate values that lie between the boundary value pairs ensures particularly reliable operation of the internal combustion engine. The boundary value pairs represent a value pair consisting of a speed and / or a torque on the one hand and a corresponding setpoint value or a manipulated variable on the other hand. Typically, the boundary value pairs result in a corresponding assignment of maximum and minimum speed and / or torque to the corresponding setpoint. Value or the manipulated variable provided. Such an assignment is explained in detail in the context of the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.

In a preferred development, the initial manipulated variable and the initial setpoint value of the controlled variable are linearly dependent on the predetermined speed and / or the predetermined torque. In particular for small deviations from a desired operating point of the internal combustion engine, the assumption of a linear dependency is typically sufficiently accurate and additionally leads to a particularly simple calculation of the initial manipulated variable and the initial setpoint value.

In a preferred development, the manipulated variable fuel mass is used to control a power-related system variable, and / or the manipulated variable turbine bypass opening time is used to control a charging-related system variable, and / or the manipulated variable injection start is used to control a combustion-related system variable. As a result, the manipulated variable is typically selected in such a way that the system variable reacts most sensitively to a change in the assigned manipulated variable.

In a preferred development, the group of manipulated variables includes a fuel mass, an inlet valve opening time, a turbine bypass opening time, an exhaust gas recirculation valve opening time, and a start of injection. The manipulated variables from this group of manipulated variables can be regulated particularly advantageously. In particular, these manipulated variables are accessible to a particularly simple automated control system, for example through automated control of bypass or valve opening times.

In a further development of the method according to the invention, the predetermined limit manipulated variable is dependent on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine. In addition to the dependency of the setpoint value of the controlled variable according to the invention on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine, i.e. on an initial setpoint value, an initial setpoint is used in this development to determine the predetermined limit control variable. Furthermore, the predetermined limit frequency can additionally or alternatively be dependent on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine.

• - eine Beobachtungseinrichtung, die ausgebildet ist, mindestens eine Reaktionsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine wiederholt zu messen, wobei die mindestens eine Reaktionsgröße abhängig von einer momentanen Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder einem momentanen Verbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine ist, und die weiterhin ausgebildet ist, ein Korrektur-Unterbrechungssignal auszugeben falls die mindestens eine Reaktionsgröße einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert der Reaktionsgröße überschritten hat, und wobei eine Korrektureinheit der Einrichtung oder das Sollgrößenmodul weiter ausgebildet sind, das Korrektur-Unterbrechungssignal zu empfangen und den initialen Korrekturwert derart anzupassen, dass der über dem initialen Korrekturwert ermittelten Soll-Wert der Regelgröße ein Halten der momentanen Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder des momentanen Verbrauchs auf einem momentanen Pegel der Brennkraftmaschine verursacht.

A further development according to the invention of the device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine also has:

• An observation device which is designed to repeatedly measure at least one reaction variable of the internal combustion engine, the at least one reaction variable being dependent on an instantaneous nitrogen oxide emission and / or an instantaneous consumption of the internal combustion engine, and which is also designed to output a correction interrupt signal if the at least one reaction variable has exceeded a predetermined limit value of the reaction variable, and wherein a correction unit of the device or the setpoint variable module are further designed to receive the correction interruption signal and to adapt the initial correction value in such a way that the setpoint value determined above the initial correction value is The controlled variable causes the instantaneous nitrogen oxide emissions and / or the instantaneous consumption to be kept at an instantaneous level of the internal combustion engine.

This development advantageously enables an automated reduction of the emissions and the consumption of the internal combustion engine, as far as this is possible without damaging the internal combustion engine. Damage to the internal combustion engine is typically possible if the predetermined limit value for the reaction variable is exceeded.

According to a development of the device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine, at least two controls are selected from power control, charging control and / or combustion control, the at least two controls being designed to sequentially trigger the respective setting of the internal combustion engine. The at least two controls are preferably triggered sequentially and repeated, in particular regularly repeated, until a later point in time, for example until the internal combustion engine is switched off.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described below with reference to the drawing. This is not intended for the exemplary embodiments necessarily represent to scale, rather the drawing, where useful for explanation, is in a schematic and / or slightly distorted form. With regard to additions to the teachings that can be seen directly from the drawing, reference is made to the relevant prior art. It must be taken into account here that various modifications and changes relating to the shape and detail of an embodiment can be made without deviating from the general idea of the invention. The features of the invention disclosed in the description, in the drawing and in the claims can be essential for the development of the invention both individually and in any combination. In addition, all combinations of at least two of the features disclosed in the description, the drawing and / or the claims fall within the scope of the invention. The general idea of the invention is not restricted to the exact form or the detail of the preferred embodiment shown and described below, or restricted to an object which would be restricted in comparison to the object claimed in the claims. In the case of the specified measurement ranges, values lying within the stated limits should also be disclosed as limit values and be able to be used and claimed as required. For the sake of simplicity, the same reference symbols are used below for identical or similar parts or parts with identical or similar functions.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of the preferred exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawing.

• 1 eine Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung einer Brennkraftmaschine, mit einer Leistungsregelung, einer Aufladereglung und einer Verbrennungsregelung;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verfahrens zum Regeln einer einzelnen Systemgröße aus einer Mehrzahl von Systemgrößen;
• 3 eine tabellarische Zuordnung von Systemgrößen, Regelgrößen und Stellgrößen gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer sequenziellen Regelung von Systemgrößen gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens;
• 5a)-e) Diagramme mit zeitlichen Verläufen der Regelung von Kraftstoffverbrauch und Stickstoffoxidemission gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel, sowie ein entsprechender zeitlicher Verlauf von 8 wiederholt gemessenen Reaktionsgrößen, die eine jeweilige Reaktion auf die Regelung von Kraftstoffverbrauch und Stickstoffoxidemission zeigen; nämlich die Reaktionsgrößen Abgastemperatur, Raildruck, und Ladedruck bzw. Turbinen-Bypass-Winkel, Spitzendruck bzw. Schließzeit des Einlassventils, 50%-Umsatzzeitpunkt bzw. Einspritzbeginn.

The drawing shows in detail:

• 1 a representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine, with a power control, a charging control and a combustion control;
• 2 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a method for regulating a single system variable from a plurality of system variables;
• 3 a tabular assignment of system variables, controlled variables and manipulated variables according to a further exemplary embodiment of the method;
• 4th a schematic representation of an embodiment of a sequential regulation of system variables according to the embodiment of the method;
• 5a) -e ) Diagrams with time profiles of the regulation of fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions according to an exemplary embodiment, as well as a corresponding time profile of 8 repeatedly measured response variables which show a respective reaction to the regulation of fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions; namely the reaction variables exhaust gas temperature, rail pressure and boost pressure or turbine bypass angle, peak pressure or closing time of the inlet valve, 50% conversion time and start of injection.

1 shows a representation of an embodiment of the device 100 for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine 150 , with a power control R_P , a charge control RA and a combustion control R_V .

The establishment 100 for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine 150 is designed in particular to control and / or regulate a diesel internal combustion engine that has a supercharger with exhaust gas recirculation and a motor with a number of cylinders that can be charged by means of charge air and / or exhaust gas from the supercharger.

The power control R_P , Charge regulation RA and / or combustion control RV of the present institution 100 each have a nominal size module 110 , a control module 120 and a limiting module 130 on.

The nominal size module 110 is formed in each case, a first limit information 140 to receive and depending on a predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque and the limitation information an initial setpoint 145a to determine a controlled variable. Furthermore, the nominal size module is 110 formed an initial correction value 145b to receive a controlled variable and from the initial target value 145a and the initial correction value 145b to determine a target value of the controlled variable. In the illustrated embodiment, the power control R_P no limitation information is supplied, but only to the charging control R_A and the combustion control R_V . Only the nominal size modules are corresponding 110 the charging control RA and the combustion control R_V for receiving a respective limitation information 140 intended. Furthermore, the target size modules are 110 the power control R_P , the charge control RA and the combustion control R_V in the present embodiment, the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine 150 and the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine as an initial setpoint value that is dependent on the speed and torque 145a to recieve. These initial target values 145a are from an evaluation unit 160 provided that to do this is designed to determine and output the predetermined speed (n) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine according to an operating point of the internal combustion engine. The initial correction values 145b are made by a correction unit 180 , which are an integral part of the evaluation unit 160 is determined and to the respective setpoint module 110 issued

The control module 120 is trained to have an actual value 148 of the controlled variable and the desired value of the controlled variable formed from the initial desired value and the initial correction value and a manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable based on the desired value and the actual value 148a to regulate. The actual value 148a In this embodiment, the controlled variable is determined by the evaluation unit 160 provided. Furthermore is the control module 120 formed, an initial manipulated variable 148b to receive, which depends on the predetermined speed and / or on the predetermined torque. The regulation of the manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable is dependent on the initial manipulated variable 148b .

The limitation module 130 is designed to limit the controlled manipulated variable in accordance with a predetermined limit manipulated variable if an amount of a difference between the regulated manipulated variable and the predetermined limit manipulated variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference. Furthermore, there is the limitation module 130 with the internal combustion engine 150 connected in such a way that the limitation module 130 the internal combustion engine 150 according to the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable 170 adjusts. Here, the regulated manipulated variable is limited if an amount of the difference exceeds the predetermined limit difference. In contrast, the regulated manipulated variable is not limited if an amount of the difference does not exceed the predetermined limit difference. Furthermore, there is the limitation module 130 formed, a difference between the regulated manipulated variable and the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable 170 to determine and a limitation information dependent on the corresponding manipulated variable limitation difference 140 to spend. The combustion control R_V is not intended to output corresponding limitation information, since it is the last regulation in time of a successive sequence of power regulation R_P , Charge regulation RA and combustion control R_V represents.

Furthermore, the facility 100 an observation device 190 on, which is formed, at least one response variable of the internal combustion engine 150 to measure repeatedly. The at least one reaction variable is dependent on an instantaneous nitrogen oxide emission and / or an instantaneous consumption of the internal combustion engine 150 . Furthermore, the observation device 190 designed to output a correction interruption signal if the at least one reaction variable has exceeded a predetermined limit value of the reaction variable.

The correction unit 180 the facility 100 is further designed to receive the correction interruption signal and the initial correction value 145b adapt in such a way that the over the initial correction value 145b determined setpoint value of the controlled variable causes the momentary nitrogen oxide emission and / or the momentary consumption to be kept at a momentary level of the internal combustion engine. A time course of typical characteristics for such an adjustment of the control is in the 5a) to e) shown.

In an embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is not shown, the combustion control is also designed to output the corresponding limitation information to the power control, and the setpoint variable module of the power control is also designed to receive the limiting inflation. As a result, a repeated chronological sequence of power regulation, charging regulation and combustion regulation can take place according to an embodiment of the method according to the concept of the invention.

2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention according to the concept of the invention for regulating a single system variable from a plurality of system variables for operating an internal combustion engine. The steps of the method according to the concept of the invention are explained below.
A first step includes determining SHOULD of an initial target value f (n, M) a controlled variable relating to system variables RG , depending on a predetermined speed n of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque M of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore we have an initial correction value V (Nox, be) receive CORR and first limit information f1. The initial correction value V (Nox, be) depends on a current issue Nox and a momentary consumption be the internal combustion engine.

Depending on the first limitation information fi , the initial correction value and the initial target value, a target value of the controlled variable is determined.

A next step involves receiving IS an actual value of the controlled variable available for the internal combustion engine RG .

Another step involves comparing COMP of the setpoint value with the actual value of the controlled variable and a regulation of a manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable according to the comparison result between the setpoint value and the actual value. The regulation also includes a specification of an initial manipulated variable that is dependent on the predetermined speed (n) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine F (n, M) on.

• - Begrenzen der geregelten Stellgröße StG zu einer begrenzten Stellgröße StG_LIM, für den Fall, dass ein Betrag der Differenz die vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz übersteigt, und
• - Beibehalten der unbegrenzten Stellgröße StG, für den Fall, dass ein Betrag der Differenz die vorbestimmte Grenzdifferenz nicht übersteigt.

A comparison then takes place LIM the regulated manipulated variable StG with a predetermined limit manipulated variable and determining whether an amount of a difference between the regulated manipulated variable and the predetermined limit manipulated variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference, and

• - Limiting the controlled manipulated variable StG to a limited manipulated variable StG_LIM , in the event that an amount of the difference exceeds the predetermined limit difference, and
• - Maintaining the unlimited manipulated variable StG , in the event that an amount of the difference does not exceed the predetermined limit difference.

A next step comprises setting SET of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable StG_LIM .

Another step includes determining a manipulated variable-limitation difference ΔStG between the regulated manipulated variable StG and the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable StG_LIM .

In a next step, the difference between the manipulated variable and the limit is output ΔStG characterizing second delimitation information fi + 1 .

A final step consists of using the limitation information fi + 1 while investigating SHOULD a target value of a further controlled variable RG , depending on the second limitation information fi + 1 . In an alternative embodiment or in an additional feature of the method according to the concept of the invention, the first limitation information fi in the context of a chronologically prior regulation of a previous manipulated variable StG issued.

The manipulated variable is selected from a group of manipulated variables which includes a fuel mass, an inlet valve opening time, a turbine bypass opening time, an exhaust gas recirculation valve opening time and a start of injection. Here, the manipulated variable is selected from a group of manipulated variables such that the system variable changes more strongly when the manipulated variable changes than when another manipulated variable from the group of manipulated variables changes.

The controlled variable relates to a system variable to be controlled by the method according to the concept of the invention. A typical assignment of system variables, manipulated variables and controlled variables is shown in 3 shown.

• - Bestimmen des initialen Korrekturwertes der Regelgröße derart, dass der Soll-Wert der Regelgröße durch den initialen Korrekturwert so verändert wird, dass eine Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder der Verbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine abgesenkt werden;
• - wiederholtes Messen von mindestens einer Reaktionsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die mindestens eine Reaktionsgröße abhängig von der momentanen Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder dem momentanen Verbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine ist;
• - Ausgeben eines Korrektur-Unterbrechungssignals, falls die mindestens eine Reaktionsgröße einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert der Reaktionsgröße überschritten hat, wobei das Korrektur-Unterbrechungssignal zu einer Anpassung des initialen Korrekturwertes derart führt, dass der entsprechend bestimmte Soll-Wert der Regelgröße ein Halten der momentanen Stickstoffoxid-Emission und/oder des momentanen Verbrauchs auf einem momentanen Pegel verursacht.

For the sake of clarity, further method steps for determining the initial correction value are not shown in 2 shown. During repeated execution of the method according to the concept of the invention according to FIG 2 the illustrated embodiment also has the steps:

• - Determination of the initial correction value of the controlled variable such that the setpoint value of the controlled variable is changed by the initial correction value in such a way that nitrogen oxide emissions and / or the consumption of the internal combustion engine are reduced;
• - Repeated measuring of at least one reaction variable of the internal combustion engine, the at least one reaction variable being dependent on the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption of the internal combustion engine;
• Output of a correction interruption signal if the at least one reaction variable has exceeded a predetermined limit value of the reaction variable, the correction interruption signal leading to an adaptation of the initial correction value in such a way that the correspondingly determined setpoint value of the controlled variable maintains the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption at a current level.

In an embodiment not shown, the method according to the invention according to the concept of the invention further comprises determining the predetermined limit manipulated variable as a function of the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine.

3 shows a tabular assignment of system variables, controlled variables and manipulated variables according to a further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention according to the concept of the invention.

The system size SG power P is regulated in the illustrated embodiment via the controlled variable RG Engine speed n_mot and the manipulated variable StG Fuel mass m_KRST .

The system size charge A. is used in a subsequent regulation of the control variable charge air pressure to the power regulation p_5 and the manipulated variable turbine bypass opening time TBP assigned.

The system size combustion V is used in a subsequent regulation of the power regulation and the charging regulation of the time control variable of the 50% conversion time EU50 - i.e. the point in time at which 50% of the fuel mass is likely to have burned - and the control variable start of injection BOI assigned.

The controlled variable is always a variable relating to the system variable, since it is provided for regulating the manipulated variable in accordance with current properties of the system variable.

4th shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a sequential regulation of system variables according to the embodiment of the method according to the concept of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment of the method according to the invention according to the concept of the invention, those from the embodiment from 2 known steps for regulating the system size are correspondingly repeated sequentially for a total of four system sizes. A first regulation is a power regulation R_P by a charge regulation R_A and first and second combustion controls R_V (1) , R_V (2) is followed in time. Except for the first combustion control R_V (1) indicate the three other regulations 3 known mappings of system size SG , Controlled variable RG and manipulated variable StG on.

In all the controls according to the invention, an initial setpoint value is used for the controlled variable fi (n , M) introduced as a starting value for the regulation. The functional dependencies of speed and torque and the initial target value are different for each system variable under consideration. In the present embodiment, all functions are fi (n , M) linear.

Furthermore, an initial correction value is used in all controls according to the invention V _i (Nox , be) introduced into the control so that from the initial correction value V _i (Noc, be) and initial target value fi (n , M) and optionally from the limitation information fi a set value assumed for the controlled variable can be inferred. The function V _i (Noc, be) is different and predetermined for each controlled variable.

The initial correction values are typically selected in such a way that the system variable influenced by the regulation changes due to the correspondingly determined setpoint value in such a way that consumption be and nitrogen oxide emissions Nox be reduced.

Furthermore, the set value of the controlled variable sets the correcting variable based on the initial correcting variable F _i (n , M) regulated. The functional dependencies of speed and torque and the initial manipulated variable are different for each system variable considered. In the present embodiment, all functions are F _i (n , M) linear.

As part of the power regulation R_P no limitation information f_i is received, since this is a first control in a time sequence of controls. A first piece of limitation information f_1 relating to a limitation of the manipulated variable fuel mass m_KRST within the scope of the power regulation R_P is used to determine a setpoint value for the control variable charge air pressure p_5 as part of a charge regulation RA receive. As part of the charge regulation RA becomes, in turn, limitation information f 2 with regard to a limitation of the turbine bypass opening duration TBP determined as part of the first combustion control R_V (1) to determine a target value of the controlled variable cylinder combustion pressure p_max is received. As part of the first combustion control, limiting information f_3 is again determined with regard to a limitation of the opening time of an inlet valve t_ES and, as part of a second combustion control, to determine a setpoint value of the time control variable of the 50% conversion time EU50 determined.

The representation in 4th illustrates the chronological order of the four sequential regulations. The initial controlled variable and / or manipulated variable and / or the predetermined limit manipulated variable is preferably dependent on the predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine. In this respect, as explained above, an initial setpoint value of these aforementioned variables is particularly preferred only in the context of a functional dependency f (n, M) , F (n, M) to pretend. This avoids characteristic maps and accordingly no data is required for the same. The specification of a functional dependency f (n, M) , F (n, M) can, on the other hand, be conducive to a particularly rapid determination of the initial target value. For example, the functional dependency has proven to be advantageous f (n, M) , F (n, M) as a linear function, in such a way that the setpoint value is linearly dependent on the speed and / or the torque of the internal combustion engine. Such a linear function can preferably be determined as an interpolation or regression by interpolating a target value for one of these aforementioned variables between a minimum value of this variable at minimum speed and torque of the internal combustion engine and a maximum value of this size at maximum speed and torque of the internal combustion engine. By specifying initial values for the manipulated variable, the predetermined limit manipulated variable and / or for the controlled variable, it can nonetheless be ensured that the corresponding internal combustion engine is operated in a reasonable operating variable range, in particular that it continues to be operated in the vicinity of the predetermined or current operating point Framework of the applied control loops. Furthermore, the method according to the invention enables an internal combustion engine to be operationally ready relatively quickly by specifying an initial setpoint value oriented towards the desired operating point and an initial manipulated variable.

In the representation after 4th it is also made clear visually which method steps of the method according to the invention according to the concept of the invention in the nominal variable module 110 , in the control module 120 and in the limiting module 130 are executed.

In an embodiment not shown, the shown sequential sequence of controls of system variables is repeated, in particular repeated regularly, with limiting information from the second combustion control being received by the power control for determining a setpoint value of the engine speed.

The regulated manipulated variables used for setting the internal combustion engine in the embodiment shown are each received by a device assigned to the internal combustion engine, the specific design of which is known to the person skilled in the art.

The present actual values of the controlled variables are output in the embodiment shown by an evaluation unit connected to the internal combustion engine 160 as they were already in the context of the embodiment 1 is explained (the connections with the evaluation unit have not been drawn in for better clarity).

5a) to 5e) show diagrams with time profiles of parameters of the internal combustion engine during the execution of the method according to the invention according to the concept of the invention. 5a shows the progress over time 510 , 520 the regulation of nitrogen oxide emissions 512 and fuel consumption 522 according to a further development of the invention. The 5b) to 5e) show corresponding time courses of 8 repeatedly measured reaction variables, which show a respective reaction to the regulation of fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions.

In 5a) is in the first timeline 510 the nitrogen emission 512 plotted in g / kWh on the y-axis over time in seconds on the x-axis 514. It can be seen that, as a result of the method according to the concept of the invention, the use of initial correction values has in the present case resulted in nitrogen oxide emissions 512 has been steadily reduced in 515 steps, and a constant value after about 260 seconds 516 has reached.

The second time course 520 shows the fuel consumption 522 plotted in g / kWh on the y-axis over time in seconds on the x-axis 524. It is also a reduction in the present case 525 the fuel consumption can be recognized over time, with a constant value after about 260 seconds 526 is achieved.

The 5b) to 5e) show the respective temporal progressions of parameters for the same procedure that is described in 5a) is shown. All the parameters shown represent repeatedly measured reaction variables of the internal combustion engine, the course of which is typically dependent on the consumption and emissions of the internal combustion engine or is at least correlated with them.

In the first time course 530 out 5b the exhaust gas temperature in ° C. is plotted on the y-axis 532, while the x-axis 534 represents the time in seconds. It is shown that the exhaust gas temperature reaches a predetermined limit value after approximately 260 seconds 235 has exceeded. In the context of the method according to the concept of the invention, a regulation of the consumption and the emission controlled via the initial correction values towards low values was therefore set after approximately 260 seconds. For this purpose, the initial correction value was adjusted by triggering a correction interruption signal in such a way that the correspondingly determined setpoint value of the controlled variable causes the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption to be kept at a current level. Therefore have to go for emission 512 and fuel consumption 522 constant values after approx. 260 seconds 516 , 526 set. In this way, the regulation of the internal combustion engine can be controlled in accordance with the method according to the invention via predetermined limit values of the observed reaction variables.

The second time course 540 out 5b) shows the course of the rail pressure 542 plotted in cash over time.

In 5c ) shows the first chronological sequence 550 the course of the boost pressure 552 plotted in cash over time. The second time course 560 shows the course of the turbine bypass angle 562 plotted in degrees over time.

In 5d ) shows the first chronological sequence 570 the course of the peak pressure 572 plotted in cash over time. The second time course 580 shows the closing time of the inlet valve 582 applied over time.

In 5e) shows the first chronological sequence 590 the course of the 50% conversion time 592 plotted over time. The second time course 595 shows the start of injection 597 applied over time.

List of reference symbols

100

Device for control and / or regulation

110

Target size module

120

Control module

130

Limiting module

140

Limitation information

145a

initial target value

145b

initial correction value

148a

Actual value of the controlled variable

148b

initial manipulated variable

150

Internal combustion engine

160

Evaluation unit

170

regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable

180

Correction unit

190

Observation device

510

time course of nitrogen oxide emissions

512

Nitrogen oxide emission

514, 524, 534

x-ache; time

515

gradual reduction

516, 526

constant value

520

fuel consumption over time

522

Fuel consumption

525

Reduction in fuel consumption

530, 540, 550

further time courses of reaction variables

560, 570, 580 590, 595 532

Exhaust gas temperature

535

predetermined limit value of the exhaust gas temperature

542

Rail pressure

552

Boost pressure

562

Turbine bypass angle

572

Peak pressure

582

Closing time of the inlet valve

592

50% sales time

597

Start of injection

R_A

Charge regulation

R_P

Power regulation

R_V

Combustion control

R_V (1)

first combustion control

R_V (2)

second combustion control

fi (n, M)

initial target value

F _i (n, M)

initial manipulated variable

V _i (Nox, be)

initial correction value

A.

Charging

be

Fuel consumption

COMP

Compare the target value and the actual value

BOI

Start of injection

EU50

50% sales time, target sales time, actual sales time

fi, fi + 1

Limitation information

IS

Receiving the actual value

CORR

Receipt of the initial correction value

LIM

Comparison of the controlled manipulated variable and the predetermined limit manipulated variable

m_KRST

Fuel mass

n_mot

Engine speed

Nox

Nitrogen oxide emission

P

power

p_5

Charge air pressure

RG

Controlled variable

SG

System size

SHOULD

Determination of target values

StG

Manipulated variable

StG_LIM

regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable

TBP

Turbine bypass opening time

V

combustion

Δ StG

Manipulated variable limitation difference

Claims (20)

Method for operating an internal combustion engine (BKM) by means of regulating a plurality of control variables (RG) for a plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine comprising at least one power (P), one supercharging (A), one combustion (V) and / or emission (E) relevant system variable (SG), comprising the steps: - determining a desired value of the controlled variable (RG) and receiving an actual value of the controlled variable available for the internal combustion engine as well as comparing the desired value with the actual value of the controlled variable, - regulating a the manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable according to the comparison result between the setpoint and the actual value of the controlled variable (RG); - Compare the manipulated variable regulated in this way with a predetermined manipulated variable limit and determine whether an amount of a difference between the manipulated variable and the manipulated limit predetermined limit is greater than a predetermined limit difference, wherein the aforementioned plurality of controlled variables (RG) by means of a number of control loops, each including the aforementioned Steps for the system variables are carried out, the predetermined speed (s) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine being predetermined according to a desired or current operating point of the internal combustion engine, characterized by receiving one of an emission and / or one Consumption of the internal combustion engine-dependent initial correction value (KORR), the setpoint value of the controlled variable being determined taking into account the initial correction value; wherein the initial correction value of the controlled variable is determined in such a way that the setpoint value of the controlled variable is changed by the initial correction value in such a way that nitrogen oxide emissions and / or the consumption of the internal combustion engine are reduced; and outputting a correction interruption signal if at least one reaction variable has exceeded a predetermined limit value of the reaction variable, the correction interruption signal leading to an adaptation of the initial correction value in such a way that the correspondingly determined setpoint value of the controlled variable keeps the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption at a current level. Procedure according to Claim 1 having the following steps: the setpoint value of the controlled variable (RG) is determined with an initial setpoint value of the controlled variable (RG) as a function of a predetermined speed (n) of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine, and the regulation of the manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable has a specification of an initial manipulated variable which is dependent on the predetermined speed (n) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the initial manipulated variable and / or the predetermined limit manipulated variable (GStG) is dependent on the predetermined speed (n) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine. Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: repeated measurement of the at least one reaction variable of the internal combustion engine, the at least one reaction variable being dependent on the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption of the internal combustion engine. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first number of control variables relating to system variables is a charge air pressure of the internal combustion engine, a peak injection pressure of the internal combustion engine and / or a 50% conversion time at which 50% of a fuel mass introduced into the internal combustion engine is expected to be consumed , include. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the predetermined speed and / or the predetermined torque are predetermined according to a current or desired operating point of the internal combustion engine, and the predetermined speed and / or the predetermined torque are used to generate a map -Formula to receive an initial manipulated variable calculated and validated via test bench values and an initial target value of the controlled variable. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said plurality of control variables (RG) are controlled sequentially one after the other by means of a sequence of control loops, each comprising the aforementioned steps for the system variables, in the order of power, charging and combustion and / or emissions . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one control loop comprises the steps: - Determining a manipulated variable limitation difference (ΔStG) between the regulated manipulated variable (StG) and a regulated limited or regulated unlimited manipulated variable (StG LIM) depending on the Determine whether an amount of a difference between the regulated manipulated variable (StG) and the predetermined limit manipulated variable (GStG) is greater than the predetermined limit difference, and - use of the limit information (fi, fi + 1) characterizing the manipulated variable limitation difference (ΔStG) when determining a target value of the controlled variable (RG) and / or a further controlled variable (RG) in the sequence, depending on the limitation information (fi, fi + 1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - limiting the regulated manipulated variable (StG) to a limited manipulated variable (StG LIM), for the first case that an amount of the difference exceeds the predetermined limit difference, and - maintaining the regulated manipulated variable (StG) as an unlimited manipulated variable (StG), for the second case that an amount of the difference does not exceed the predetermined limit difference; and - setting (SET) the internal combustion engine according to the controlled and limited manipulated variable for the first case or the controlled and unlimited manipulated variable for the second case (StG LIM, StG), in particular after determining whether an amount is a difference between the controlled manipulated variable and the predetermined limit manipulated variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - determining ( 2 , SOLL) of the setpoint value of the controlled variable (RG) as a function of a first limitation information (fi), the first limitation information (fi) being output in the context of a control loop that precedes the sequence, in particular as first limitation information (fi) characterizing a manipulated variable Limiting difference (ΔStG) of the previous control loop, and - using the limiting information (fi + 1) as second limiting information (fi + 1) when determining a setpoint value of a further controlled variable (RG), depending on the second limiting information (fi + 1 ) as part of a control loop following in the sequence. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steps of a control loop of the sequence of control loops for controlling the plurality of controlled variables (RG) are repeated, correspondingly for a power (P), a charge (A), a combustion (V) and emission (E) related system variables and optionally for a further number of at least one further system variable by means of respectively associated control loops of the sequence. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manipulated variable is assigned to the controlled variable as the relevant manipulated variable and is selected from a group of manipulated variables in such a way that the controlled variable changes more when the relevant manipulated variable changes than when another changes Manipulated variable from the group of manipulated variables. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of system variables of the internal combustion engine comprising at least one power (P), a supercharging (A) and a combustion (V) and / or emission (E) system variable (SG) relating to a group of controlled variables is assigned, which comprises: a speed (n) and / or torque (M) of the internal combustion engine, in particular relating to the power (P); - a charge air pressure (p5), in particular relating to the charge (A); - a combustion pressure (pMAX), in particular relating to the combustion (V); - A conversion point (MFB) at which a certain amount of the fuel mass has been burned, in particular a 50% conversion point (EU50), in particular relating to the combustion (V); - an emission value (be, NOx) relating to the emission (E). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the group of manipulated variables includes a fuel mass (mKRST), an inlet valve opening time (tES, VCM), a turbine bypass opening time (TBP) and / or an exhaust gas recirculation valve opening time and a start of injection (BOI ) includes. Device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, which has a supercharger with exhaust gas recirculation and a motor with a number of cylinders, which can be charged by means of charge air and / or exhaust gas from the supercharger, and wherein the device has a Power control, charge control and / or combustion and / or emission control for regulating a corresponding power-related, charge-related combustion and / or emission-related system variable, with a corresponding power control (R_P), charge control (RA) and / or combustion and / or emission control (R_V) each have a respective setpoint module (SollM), control module (RegM) and limitation module (limM) in a control loop, wherein - the control module is formed in the control loop, an actual value of the controlled variable and the setpoint to receive the controlled variable and a manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable on the basis of the target value and the actual value, the limitation module in the control loop is designed to compare the manipulated variable thus regulated with a predetermined manipulated variable and determine whether an amount of a difference between the manipulated variable and the manipulated limit predetermined is greater than a predetermined one Limit difference, where - said plurality of control variables (RG) takes place by means of a number of control loops, each comprising the aforementioned steps for the system variables, the predetermined speed (n) of the internal combustion engine and / or the predetermined torque (M) of the internal combustion engine corresponding to the operating point of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that the setpoint module is designed to determine and output a setpoint value of the controlled variable from an initial setpoint value and an initial correction value of a controlled variable, the initial setpoint value depending on a predetermined speed hl of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque of the internal combustion engine and wherein the initial correction value is dependent on an emission and / or consumption of the internal combustion engine, wherein - the setpoint variable module is further designed to determine the initial correction value of the controlled variable such that the The setpoint value of the controlled variable is changed by the initial correction value so that nitrogen oxide emissions and / or the consumption of the internal combustion engine are reduced, and an observation device is designed to output a correction interruption signal if the at least one reaction variable exceeds a predetermined limit value Has exceeded the response variable, and a correction unit of the device or the setpoint variable module is further designed to receive the correction interruption signal and to adapt the initial correction value in such a way that the setpoint value of the controlled variable determined via the initial correction value is Hal th of the current nitrogen oxide emission and / or the current consumption at a current level of the internal combustion engine. Establishment according to Claim 15 , further comprising that the observation device is designed to repeatedly measure the at least one reaction variable of the internal combustion engine, the at least one reaction variable being dependent on an instantaneous nitrogen oxide emission and / or an instantaneous consumption of the internal combustion engine. Establishment according to Claim 15 or 16 , characterized in that - the setpoint module is designed to determine an initial setpoint value of the controlled variable depending on a predetermined speed of the internal combustion engine and / or a predetermined torque, and - the control module is further designed to receive an initial manipulated variable from depends on the predetermined speed and / or on the predetermined torque, and the regulation of the manipulated variable assigned to the controlled variable is dependent on the initial manipulated variable. Device according to one of the Claims 15 to 17th , characterized in that the limitation module is designed to limit the regulated manipulated variable in accordance with a predetermined limit manipulated variable if there is an amount of a difference regulated manipulated variable and predetermined limit manipulated variable is greater than a predetermined limit difference, a setting of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable to trigger and output a manipulated variable limit difference indicating limit information, the manipulated variable limit difference being the difference between the regulated Manipulated variable and the regulated and limited or regulated and unlimited manipulated variable. Device according to one of the Claims 15 to 18th , having at least three control modules in a sequence of control loops selected from power control, charge control, combustion control and / or emissions control. Internal combustion engine which has a supercharger with an exhaust gas recirculation and a motor with a number of cylinders, which can be charged by means of charge air and / or exhaust gas from the supercharger, and which is for operation by means of the method according to one of the Claims 1 to 14th is designed and / or a device for controlling and / or regulating an internal combustion engine according to one of the Claims 15 to 19th having.

Images