DE102018102814A1 - heat exchangers - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat exchanger (1) comprising at least a first header tank (2) and a second header tank (3) and at least a plurality of first pipes (4) and a plurality of second pipes (5) extending respectively from the first header tank (2). extend to the second collection box (3) along a first direction (6); wherein the tubes (4, 5) are arranged at a distance from one another in such a way that they can be overflowed for a fluid (7) along a second direction (8), transversely to the first direction (6); wherein at least one of the collecting boxes (2, 3) has at least one tube plate (9), via which the first tubes (4) and the second tubes (5) are connected to the collecting box (2, 3); wherein the at least one tube sheet (9) has a first opening (10) for each first tube (4) and a second opening (11) for each second tube (5) for fluidically connecting each tube (4, 5) to the collection box (2 , 3) via the openings (10, 11).

Description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle.

A heat exchanger may include a first header and a second header and at least a plurality of tubes each extending from the first header to the second header along a first direction. In this case, the tubes can be arranged at a distance from each other in such a way that they can be overflowed for a fluid (eg ambient air) along a second direction (eg, against the direction of travel of the motor vehicle), transversely to the first direction. The collecting tanks each have a tube bottom, via which the tubes are connected to the collecting box. The tube bottom and collecting box form a volume in which the cooling fluid passed through the tubes (a liquid or a gas, eg oil for the drive unit or a transmission, air for a charge air cooler, coolant for a climate condenser, exhaust gas) is recorded. In particular, the heat exchanger is arranged in connection with a fan cowl in the front of a motor vehicle, wherein the heat exchanger is installed regularly in the direction of travel in front of a drive unit of the motor vehicle and in front of the fan cowl.

From the DE 10 2012 203 608 A1 a heat exchanger is known, which is modular and has a plurality of cooling fluid circuits.

From the DE 91 11 412 U1 is a heat exchanger with junction boxes and between these junction boxes extending flat tubes known, the heat exchanger having different fluid circuits. The flat tubes of the fluid circuits may have a different depth and be arranged at mutually different intervals.

The increasing requirements in terms of crash safety mean that the distance between the front of a motor vehicle and the frontmost components should be getting bigger. As a result, however, the space available for the installation of the components space is getting smaller.

Furthermore, the increasing number of units (additional water pumps, secondary air blower, hybrid components), which are currently required to comply with the increasingly stringent emission regulations, leads to cramped space conditions.

The object of the present invention is at least partially to solve the problems mentioned with reference to the prior art. In particular, the installation space available for the installation of components and components, especially in the front end, should be used more efficiently. For this purpose, a flexible as possible to be adapted to the different requirements heat exchanger to be proposed. In particular, different cooling fluids (gases, liquids of different viscosity) should be effectively tempered.

To solve these problems, a heat exchanger with the features according to claim 1 contributes. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims. The features listed individually in the claims can be combined in a technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and / or details of the figures, with further embodiments of the invention are shown.

A heat exchanger is proposed, comprising at least a first header and a second header and at least a plurality of first tubes and a plurality of second tubes, each extending from the first header to the second header in a first direction. The tubes are arranged at a distance from one another such that they can flow over a fluid along a second direction, transversely to the first direction. At least one of the collecting boxes has at least one tube plate, via which the first tubes and the second tubes are connected to the collecting box. The at least one tubesheet has a first opening for each first tube and a second opening for each second tube for fluidically connecting each tube to the collection box via the openings. Each first opening has a second height along a third direction, transverse to the first direction and to the second direction, a first height, and each second opening along the third direction, wherein the first height and the second height are different from each other.

In particular, the first height differs by at least 5%, preferably at least 20%, from the second height.

As far as a (percentage) deviation is referred to here, an increase and / or reduction of the parameter is meant.

In particular, the tube bottom and collection box form a volume in which the cooling fluid passed through the tubes (a liquid or a gas, eg oil for the drive unit or a transmission, air for a charge air cooler, coolant for a climate condenser, exhaust gas ) is recorded. The collecting boxes may have connections for introducing the cooling fluid into the collecting box and to the Forwarding of the cooling fluid, z. B. through the pipes to the other collection box or pump or to the units to be cooled, have.

Preferably, both headers each have a tube bottom. In particular, only one integrally designed tube plate is provided for each collection box, which has all openings for all connected to the collection box tubes (the first tubes and the second tubes). Alternatively, each tube sheet can also be designed in several parts.

In each case one (the same or different) cooling fluid is passed over the first tubes and the second tubes. In this case, the pipes are in particular overflowed by a fluid (eg ambient air, airstream, if necessary driven by at least one fan of a fan casing arranged adjacent to the heat exchanger) outside (ie via its outer peripheral surface). In particular, heat conduction structures are arranged between the tubes, so that heat transfer from the tubes to the fluid is enhanced.

In particular, the first tubes are each arranged adjacent to one another, wherein the second tubes are also arranged adjacent to each other. Preferably, tubes of the same dimension (length measured along the first direction, width measured along the second direction, height measured along the third direction) are each arranged adjacent to one another.

Here it is proposed that the tubes or the openings in the tube plate, via which the cooling fluid led through the tubes flows from the collecting box into the tubes or out of the tubes into the collecting box, have different heights from each other.

The design of the tubes with mutually different heights allows a further flexibilization of the arrangement of cooling fluid circuits, wherein the effectiveness of the heat exchanger, for. B. by adjusting the heights of at least the flow velocity or the viscosity of the respective cooling fluid, can be further increased.

The heat exchanger may of course comprise further tubes (eg a plurality of third tubes and / or fourth tubes), possibly also with different heights from each other, through which further fluid circuits may be formed.

In particular, the tubes or their (outer) cross-sections are designed according to the respective opening. The respective opening is designed in accordance with the connection geometry of the tube (eg the shape of the outer peripheral surface or the shape of the end face).

The comments on the height and width of the openings applies in particular in the same way for the height and width of the flow cross-section of the tubes. The values described here for the openings can be transferred in the same way to the flow cross sections of the pipes.

In particular, the first openings along the second direction have a first width and the second openings have a second width, wherein the first width and the second width are different from each other.

The first openings may be spaced apart along the third direction at a first distance and the second openings disposed along the third direction at a second distance from each other, the first distance and the second distance being different from each other.

In particular, the first openings may be arranged along the third direction adjacent to the second openings.

Alternatively or additionally, the first openings may be arranged along the second direction adjacent to the second openings.

In particular, in a partial area which extends parallel to the first direction and to the third direction, a first cross-sectional area, which is present between the first tubes and flows through the fluid, deviates by at most 10% from a second cross-sectional area through which the fluid can flow and between the second tubes ,

In particular, it is thus ensured that the fluid flowing over the tubes (within the partial area) along the second direction has a flow resistance which does not change significantly during the flow through the heat exchanger.

In particular, the partial area comprises at least 20% of the area of the heat exchanger formed by the tubes and formed for the fluid along the second direction.

In particular, the collecting box with the at least one tubesheet forms a first volume fluidly connected to the tubes via the first openings and a second volume fluidly connected to the tubes via the second openings, the first volume and the second volume being fluidly separated from one another in the collecting box ,

Alternatively, the volumes may be fluidly connected to each other, possibly only to ensure a pressure equalization between the different volumes.

Further, the different volumes may be thermally insulated from each other, wherein in the collecting box thermally insulated partitions are provided for the volumes.

It is further proposed to use the heat exchanger already described, wherein the fluid is a gas and a cooling fluid is passed through each of the first tubes and the second tubes.

In particular, a first cooling fluid having a first (dynamic) viscosity (in Ns / m ² [Newton * second / meter ² ]) is passed through the first tubes and a second cooling fluid having a second (dynamic) viscosity through the second tubes; first viscosity of the second viscosity by at least 2%, preferably by at least 10%, deviates.

There is also a motor vehicle with a drive unit (eg, an internal combustion engine or an electric drive or the like) for driving the motor vehicle, the heat exchanger described above for cooling at least the drive unit and a fan cowl (with at least one fan) for acting on the heat exchanger proposed with an airflow. In this case, in particular an air flow is sucked in through the cooler or heat exchanger arranged in front of it in the direction of travel via the at least one fan.

The comments on the heat exchanger apply equally to the use and the motor vehicle and vice versa.

By way of precaution, it should be noted that the numerical terms used here ("first", "second",...) Primarily (only) serve to distinguish a plurality of similar objects, variables or processes, ie in particular no dependence and / or order of these objects, quantities or mandate processes to one another. If a dependency and / or order are required, this is explicitly stated here or it obviously results for the person skilled in the art when studying the concretely described embodiment.

• 1: ein Kraftfahrzeug in einer Seitenansicht;
• 2: einen Wärmetauscher in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• 3: den Wärmetauscher nach 2 in einer Seitenansicht entlang der ersten Richtung im Schnitt;
• 4: ein Detail des Wärmetauschers nach 2 und 3 in einer Ansicht entlang der dritten Richtung;
• 5: den Wärmetauscher nach 2 in einer weiteren perspektivischen Ansicht;
• 6: eine mögliche Ausführungsvariante eines Wärmetauschers mit mehreren Kühlfluidkreisläufen und Lüfterzarge.

The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. It should be noted that the invention should not be limited by the stated embodiments. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is also possible to extract partial aspects of the facts explained in the figures and to combine them with other components and findings from the present description. In particular, it should be noted that the figures and in particular the illustrated proportions are only schematic. Show it:

• 1 : a motor vehicle in a side view;
• 2 a heat exchanger in perspective view;
• 3 : the heat exchanger after 2 in a side view along the first direction in section;
• 4 : a detail of the heat exchanger behind 2 and 3 in a view along the third direction;
• 5 : the heat exchanger after 2 in a further perspective view;
• 6 a possible embodiment of a heat exchanger with multiple cooling fluid circuits and fan cowl.

The 1 shows a motor vehicle 26 in a side view. The car 26 has a heat exchanger in the front end one after the other 1 , a fan cowl 28 and a drive unit 27 on.

2 shows a heat exchanger 1 in perspective view. In the upper right corner is a part of the heat exchanger 1 shown in section. 3 shows the heat exchanger 1 to 2 in a side view along the first direction 6 on average. 4 shows a detail of the heat exchanger 1 to 2 and 3 in a view along the third direction 12 , 5 shows the heat exchanger 1 to 2 in a further perspective view. The 2 to 5 will be described together below.

The heat exchanger comprises a first collection box 2 and a second collection box 3 and a plurality of first pipes 4 , a plurality of second pipes 5 and a plurality of third pipes 29 , each from the first collection box 3 to the second collection box 4 along a first direction 6 extend. The pipes 4 . 5 . 29 are spaced from each other so that they are for a fluid 7 along a second direction 8th , across the first direction 6 , can be overflowed. The first collection box 2 has exactly one tubesheet 9 on top of which are the first pipes 4 and the second pipes 5 (as well as the third pipes 29 ) to the collecting box 2 are connected. The tube sheet 9 points for every first pipe 4 a first opening 10 and for every second pipe 5 a second opening 11 (and for every third pipe 29 another opening) for the fluidic connection of each tube 4 . 5 . 29 with the collection box 2 over the openings 10 . 11 on. Every first opening 10 points along a third direction 12 , across the first direction 6 and to the second direction 8th , a first height 13 and every second opening 11 along the third direction 12 a second height 14 on, being the first height 13 and the second height 14 are different from each other.

tube sheet 9 and collection box 2 . 3 form a volume 22 . 23 in that through the pipes 4 . 5 . 29 guided cooling fluid 24 . 25 (A liquid or a gas, eg, oil for the drive unit or a transmission, air for a charge air cooler, refrigerant for a climate condenser, exhaust gas) is recorded. The collection boxes 2 . 3 have connections for the introduction of the cooling fluid 24 . 25 in the collection box 2 . 3 and for forwarding the cooling fluid 24 . 25 , z. B. through the pipes 4 . 5 . 29 to the other collection box 3 . 2 or to pumps or to the units to be cooled on.

The first collection box 2 has a one-piece tube bottom 9 on, all the openings 10 . 11 for everyone to the collection box 2 connected pipes 4 . 5 . 29 (the first pipes 4 , the second pipes 5 and the third pipes 29 ) having.

The possibly between the pipes 4 . 5 . 29 arranged Wärmeleitstrukturen that heat transfer from the pipes 4 . 5 . 29 towards the fluid 7 can amplify, are not shown here.

The first pipes 4 are each adjacent to each other, wherein the second tubes 5 (and the third pipes 29 ) are each arranged adjacent to each other. Tube 4 . 5 . 29 same dimension (length 30 measured along the first direction 6 , Width 15 . 16 measured along the second direction 8th , Height 13 . 14 measured along the third direction 12 ) are each arranged adjacent to each other.

In the present case, the first openings 10 along the second direction 8th a first width 15 and the second openings 11 a second width 16 on, being the first width 15 and the second width 16 are different from each other. The third pipes 29 associated openings have here (essentially) the first width 15 on.

The first openings 10 are along the third direction 12 at a first distance 17 spaced from each other and the second openings 11 along the third direction 12 at a second distance 18 spaced from each other, wherein the first distance 17 and the second distance 18 are different from each other.

Here are the first openings 10 along the third direction 12 adjacent to the second openings 11 arranged.

The third pipes 29 associated openings are along the second direction 8th adjacent to the first openings 10 and the second openings 11 arranged.

In a partial area 19 (please refer 2 , shown here only by way of example), which are parallel to the first direction 6 and to the third direction 12 extends, one diverges between the first tubes 4 present, for the fluid 7 flow-through first cross-sectional area 20 at most 10% of one for the fluid 7 permeable and between here along the second direction 8th adjacent to the first pipes 4 arranged third pipes 29 present second cross-sectional area 21 from. The cross-sectional areas 20 . 21 are shown here only indicated.

The collection box forms here 2 . 3 with the one tubesheet 9 one over the first openings 10 with the first pipes 4 fluidly connected first volume 22 (first cooling fluid circuit 32 ) and one over the second openings 11 with the second pipes 5 fluidly connected second volume 23 (second cooling fluid circuit 33 ), where the first volume 22 and the second volume 23 in the collection box 2 . 3 fluidly isolated from each other (eg., Via the partition 31 ). The third pipes 29 form a third cooling fluid circuit 34 ,

6 shows a possible embodiment of a heat exchanger 1 with several cooling fluid circuits 32 . 33 . 34 . 35 and fan cowl 28 , About the fan of the fan cowl 28 becomes an air flow (the fluid 7 ) in the direction of travel (along the second direction 8th ) arranged in front of cooler or heat exchanger 1 sucked.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

heat exchangers

2

first collection box

3

second collection box

4

first pipe

5

second pipe

6

first direction

7

fluid

8th

second direction

9

tube sheet

10

first opening

11

second opening

12

third direction

13

first height

14

second height

15

first width

16

second width

17

first distance

18

second distance

19

subarea

20

first cross-sectional area

21

second cross-sectional area

22

first volume

23

second volume

24

first cooling fluid

25

second cooling fluid

26

motor vehicle

27

drive unit

28

shroud

29

third pipe

30

length

31

partition wall

32

first cooling fluid circuit

33

second cooling fluid circuit

34

third cooling fluid circuit

35

fourth cooling fluid circuit

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102012203608 A1 [0003]
• DE 9111412 U1 [0004]

Claims (10)

A heat exchanger (1) comprising at least a first header tank (2) and a second header tank (3) and at least a plurality of first pipes (4) and a plurality of second pipes (5) extending respectively from the first header tank (2). extend to the second collection box (3) along a first direction (6); wherein the tubes (4, 5) are arranged at a distance from one another in such a way that they can be overflowed for a fluid (7) along a second direction (8), transversely to the first direction (6); wherein at least one of the collecting boxes (2, 3) has at least one tube plate (9), via which the first tubes (4) and the second tubes (5) are connected to the collecting box (2, 3); wherein the at least one tube sheet (9) has a first opening (10) for each first tube (4) and a second opening (11) for each second tube (5) for fluidically connecting each tube (4, 5) to the collection box (2 , 3) via the openings (10, 11), wherein each first opening (10) along a third direction (12), transversely to the first direction (6) and the second direction (8), a first height (13) and each second opening (11) has a second height (14), wherein the first height (13) and the second height (14) are different from each other. Heat exchanger (1) after Claim 1 wherein the first openings (10) along the second direction (8) have a first width (15) and the second openings (11) have a second width (16), the first width (15) and the second width (16). are different from each other. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first openings (10) along the third direction (12) at a first distance (17) are spaced from each other and the second openings (11) along the third direction (12) in a second distance (18) are arranged spaced from each other, wherein the first distance (17) and the second distance (18) are different from each other. A heat exchanger (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first openings (10) are disposed along the third direction (12) adjacent to the second openings (11). A heat exchanger (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first openings (10) are arranged along the second direction (8) adjacent to the second openings (11). Heat exchanger (1) after Claim 5 in which, in a partial area (19) extending parallel to the first direction (6) and to the third direction (12), a first cross-sectional area (20) present between the first tubes (4) and permeable to the fluid (7) is at most deviates by 10% from a second cross-sectional area (21) through which the fluid (7) can flow and between the second tubes (5). Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the collecting box (2, 3) with the at least one tube plate (9) via the first openings (10) with the first tubes (4) fluidly connected first volume (22) and a via the second openings (11) with the second tubes (5) fluidly connected second volume (23), wherein the first volume (22) and the second volume (23) in the collecting box (2, 3) are fluidly separated from each other. Use of a heat exchanger (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid (7) is a gas and through the first tubes (4) and the second tubes (5) each a cooling fluid (24, 25) is passed. Use of the heat exchanger (1) after Claim 8 in a motor vehicle (26), wherein a first cooling fluid (24) having a first viscosity is passed through the first tubes (4) and a second cooling fluid (25) having a second viscosity through the second tubes (5), wherein the first viscosity deviates from the second viscosity by at least 2%. Motor vehicle (26) with a drive unit (27) for driving the motor vehicle (26), a heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 7 for cooling the drive unit (27) and a fan frame (28) for acting on the heat exchanger (1) with an air flow.

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