DE102018010171A1 - Refrigeration system for a ship and ship with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Refrigeration system (10) for a ship (1), in particular for a cruise ship, which has at least one compressor (18) for compressing refrigerant, in particular at least one chiller, the refrigerant of the compressor (18) being ammonia, and corresponding ship (1 ).

Description

The present invention relates to a refrigeration system for a ship according to patent claim 1, a ship with the same according to patent claim 3 and a use of ammonia as refrigerant for the refrigeration system of a ship according to patent claim 10.

In the area of shipping, for example in the area of cruise ships, there is a diverse need for cold. In addition to the air conditioning of passenger cabins, common rooms and work rooms, large quantities of supplies also have to be cooled, for example. There is often also a need for cold in cargo ships.

For this purpose, compressors with CFC-containing refrigerants are used in ships or refrigeration systems for ships. These compressors are increasingly banned due to their climate-unfriendliness or are at least undesirable.

Based on this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a refrigeration system for a ship that offers a climate-friendly solution. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a corresponding ship. Ultimately, the use of a corresponding refrigeration system is also included in the spirit of the present invention.

This object is achieved by a refrigeration system for a ship with the features of claim 1. The second aspect of the task is solved by a ship with the features of claim 3, the use aspect of the task is taken into account by claim 10.

According to claim 1, a refrigeration system for a ship (or a ship refrigeration system), in particular for a cruise ship, has at least one compressor for compressing refrigerant, in particular at least one chiller, the refrigerant of the compressor being ammonia or a refrigerant charge thereof or one Refrigerant filling of the refrigeration system has ammonia as the refrigerant.

The refrigeration system optionally has a refrigeration circuit which has a discharge line which is designed to at least partially discharge the refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit, the discharge line furthermore having an outlet for discharging refrigerant, the outlet being designed to flow into water . The refrigeration circuit has, for example, a condenser connected downstream of the compressor, an expansion element, for example an expansion valve, and an evaporator. In possible embodiments, these are arranged in series and connected to one another by appropriate fluid-tight piping.

As mentioned above in connection with claim 1, the refrigeration system can also have a so-called chiller, in which the compressor and the refrigeration cycle are usually integrated and which releases its cold water, which then (as cooled water) to the diverse uses in the ship.

The aspect of the task relating to a ship is solved by a ship, in particular a cruise ship with a refrigeration system explained above, the ship having one or the cooling circuit, the cooling circuit having one or the discharge line, the discharge line being in fluid communication with the cooling circuit and has an outlet opening which is arranged on an outer side of the ship at a location which is submerged during operation of the ship.

The refrigeration system can have at least two compressors, in particular chillers, preferably 6 compressors, in particular chillers, and at least one compressor room, in particular two compressor rooms for receiving the compressors. By means of a plurality of compressor rooms, the machines located in one compressor room can be switched off if necessary, for example for maintenance purposes, while the remaining machines located in the other compressor room / in other compressor rooms can continue to generate cold without being able to endanger maintenance personnel. The compressors are optionally arranged in an equal number per compressor room.

In one possible embodiment, the ship has at least one negative pressure generating device, in particular a suction device, which is in fluid communication with the at least one compressor chamber and is designed to generate a negative pressure in the at least one compressor chamber relative to the ambient pressure of the compressor chamber. In other words, ambient air is sucked out of the compressor chamber so that it has a negative pressure relative to its surroundings. This ensures that no ambient air escapes from the compressor chamber outside in an uncontrolled manner. The extracted air / ambient air from the compressor chamber is fed to a compressor chamber discharge line, which can be at least partially identical to the above-mentioned discharge line of the refrigeration system, but alternatively can also be an independent device that is completely separate from the discharge line of the refrigeration system.

The compressor room or the compressor rooms can each have an entrance and an access gate connected upstream of the entrance and connected to this fluid-tight. The respective compressor room is thus separated from the environment, and atmosphere from the compressor room cannot escape to the outside.

The access lock (s) can be in fluid communication with the negative pressure generating device or a separate lock negative pressure generating device. As a result, a lock interior can also be kept at negative pressure relative to the surroundings.

A sensor or sensors, in particular an ammonia sensor, motion detector, heat sensor, camera or the like, can be arranged in the compressor room or the compressor rooms and / or the access lock (s). In this way, for example, a leak in the refrigeration system or a person located in the respective areas can be detected and appropriate measures can be taken as soon as an event is detected.

The vacuum device and / or the lock vacuum generation device can optionally be in fluid communication with an outlet which opens at a high point of the ship, in particular at or in a chimney of the ship. Extracted air / atmosphere can thereby be reliably removed from the compressor room / rooms and / or the lock / locks. As an alternative to this, the vacuum device and / or the lock vacuum generation device can also open into an outlet which is arranged on an outside of the ship at a location which is under water when the ship is in operation, in particular in the outlet opening of the refrigeration system.

The idea of the present invention also provides for the use of ammonia for a refrigeration system of a ship as a refrigerant, or a compressor or chiller for a refrigeration system of a ship, the refrigerant being ammonia.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer möglichen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage; und
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer möglichen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schiffs.

Further optional features of the invention are specified in the following description of the figures. The respective features described can be implemented individually or in any combination. The invention is therefore described below with reference to the accompanying drawings using exemplary embodiments. The drawings show:

• 1 a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a refrigeration system according to the invention; and
• 2nd is a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a ship according to the invention.

In 1 is vaguely a refrigeration system 10th for a ship 1 (Ship refrigeration system) shown. The refrigeration system has a compressor 18th , as well as a refrigeration cycle 12th on who a drain line 14 has, which is designed to remove the refrigerant from the refrigeration cycle 12th dissipate at least partially, for example when an overpressure arises, for example in the refrigeration cycle 12th or the compressor 18th who is in fluid communication with the refrigeration cycle or in another situation in which the refrigerant (usually unplanned) must be removed.

The discharge line 14 has an outlet 16 to discharge refrigerant, the outlet 16 is trained to flow into water. The refrigeration system 10th has the compressor, as mentioned above 18th , and one to the compressor 18th downstream condenser 20 , an expansion device in the form of an expansion valve 22 and an evaporator 24th on. In the embodiment described here, these are arranged in series and by means of corresponding fluid-tight piping 26 connected with each other.

As a refrigerant for the compressor 18th ammonia is used.

As mentioned above in connection with claim 1, the refrigeration system can also have a so-called chiller, in which the compressor 18th and the refrigeration cycle 12th are integrated and which releases its cold to water, which then (as cooled water) to the various uses in the ship 1 is directed. This is by dashed lines 27 indicated which should represent that the components included are integrated in a chiller.

In 2nd a possible embodiment of a ship according to the invention is shown, the refrigeration system 10th including cooling circuits 12th has, the refrigeration circuits the discharge line 14 exhibit that with the refrigeration circuits 12th is in fluid communication and the outlet opening 16 (the outlet function is by an arrow 28 indicated), which on an outside of the ship 1 is arranged at a point that is in operation of the ship 1 is under water.

The refrigeration system 10th has six refrigeration circuits in the described embodiment 12th with a respective compressor 18th , each in the form of a chiller or chiller, each in the same number in one of two compressor rooms 30th arranged. The ship 1 has a negative pressure generating device 32 in the form of a suction device, which with the compressor rooms 30th is in fluid communication and to create a negative pressure in the compressor rooms 30th relative to the ambient pressure of the compressor rooms 30th is trained.

Access to the respective compressor room is via an entrance 34 and one at the respective entrance 34 upstream access lock connected to this fluid-tight 36 having. The access gates 36 are also with the vacuum generating device 32 (alternatively with a separate lock vacuum generating device) in fluid communication (connected). This will also make the access gates 36 provided with vacuum so that from the compressor rooms 30th and the access gates 36 no atmosphere can escape.

There are sensors in the compressor rooms and access locks 38 arranged in the form of ammonia sensors, motion detectors, heat sensors and cameras to monitor the respective rooms and to immediately enable measures in the event of a correspondingly recorded event. Monitoring the sensors 38 can take place from a location provided for this purpose, for example a control center.

It remains to be mentioned that the vacuum generating device 32 with an outlet 40 is in fluid communication at a high point on the ship 1 ends here in a chimney 42 of the ship 1 .

Although the invention is described on the basis of embodiments with fixed combinations of features, it also includes the conceivable further advantageous combinations, as are specified in particular, but not exhaustively, by the subclaims. All of the features disclosed in the application documents are claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are new compared to the prior art, individually or in combination.

Reference list

1

ship

10th

Refrigeration system

12th

Refrigeration cycle

14

Discharge line

16

Outlet

18th

compressor

20

Condenser

22

Expansion valve

24th

Evaporator

26

Piping

27

dashed line

28

arrow

30th

Compressor room

32

Vacuum generating device

34

entrance

36

Access lock

38

sensor

40

Outlet

42

chimney

Claims (10)

Refrigeration system (10) for a ship (1), in particular for a cruise ship, which has at least one compressor (18) for compressing refrigerant, in particular at least one chiller, the refrigerant of the compressor (18) being ammonia. Refrigeration system (10) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the refrigeration system (10) has a refrigeration circuit (12) which has a discharge line (14) which is designed to at least partially discharge the refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit (12), the discharge line (14) also having a Has outlet (16) for discharging refrigerant, the outlet (16) being designed to flow into water. Ship (1), in particular cruise ship with a refrigeration system (10) Claim 1 or 2nd , characterized in that the ship (1) has a / the cooling circuit (12), the cooling circuit (12) having a / the discharge line (14), the discharge line (14) being in fluid communication with the cooling circuit (12) and has an outlet opening (16) which is arranged on an outside of the ship (1) at a location which is submerged when the ship (1) is in operation. Ship (1) to Claim 3 , characterized in that the refrigeration system (10) has at least two compressors (18), in particular chillers, preferably 6 compressors (18), in particular chillers, and at least one compressor room (30), in particular two compressor rooms (30) for receiving the compressors (18 ), the compressors (18) being arranged in particular to an equal number per compressor chamber (30). Ship (1) to Claim 4 , characterized in that the ship (1) has at least one negative pressure generating device (32), in particular suction device, which is in fluid communication with the at least one compressor chamber (30) and designed to generate a negative pressure in the at least one compressor chamber (30) relative to the ambient pressure is. Ship (1) to one of the Claims 3 to 5 , characterized in that the compressor chamber (30) or the compressor chambers (30) each have an inlet (34) and an inlet lock (36) connected upstream of the inlet (34) and connected to this fluid-tight. Ship (1) to Claim 6 , characterized in that the access lock (s) (36) are in fluid communication with the negative pressure generating device (32) or a separate lock negative pressure generating device. Ship (1) to one of the Claims 4 to 8th , characterized in that in the compressor room (30) or the compressor rooms (30) and / or the access lock (s) (36) a sensor (38) or sensors (38), in particular ammonia sensor, motion detector, heat sensor, camera or the like. are arranged. Ship (1) to one of the Claims 5 to 8th , characterized in that the vacuum device (32) and / or the lock vacuum generating device is in fluid communication with an outlet (40) which opens at a high point of the ship (1), in particular at or in a chimney (42) of the ship (1) opens. Use of a compressor (18) or chiller for a refrigeration system (10) of a ship (1), the refrigerant being ammonia.

Images