DE102017221260A1 - Battery housing for a vehicle and use - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery housing (1) for receiving battery modules (20), in particular for an electrically driven vehicle or a vehicle with hybrid drive, and a use of the battery housing according to the invention (1).

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a battery housing for an electrically driven vehicle or for a vehicle with hybrid drive and a use of the battery housing according to the invention.

Technical background

The increasing or prolonged electrification of vehicles, especially of automobiles, and the simultaneous customer request for high ranges of such vehicles, requires the development of efficient battery concepts. In particular, battery housing, which receive the battery modules or in which the battery modules are received, usually have a substantial extent in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the vehicle and are mounted centrally, in particular below the passenger compartment below the vehicle floor panel. The battery housing is used inter alia to protect the battery modules from damage as well as to dissipate the heat generated during operation of the vehicle by the battery modules. This results in complex requirements with regard to the factors installation space, crash performance, weight, tightness, etc.

In particular, the protection of the battery modules from penetrating from below foreign bodies is due to their particularly exposed position on the vehicle floor of great importance. For a good utilization of the available installation space, the distance between the sensitive battery modules and the first or bottom floor of the housing is typically less than 25 mm. Penetrating debris must therefore be decelerated rapidly over very short distances before the battery modules are damaged and a critical short circuit can occur. For this purpose, different concepts using an underrun protection are shown in the prior art. These usually consist of a cassette-like, supporting structure of longitudinal and / or cross member elements and a downwardly closing plate of a particular heavy-duty material such as steel.

The known from the prior art cassette-like, supporting structure of longitudinal and / or cross member elements between a lower floor (underrun protection) of the housing and the bottom (intermediate bottom) of the housing creates the required deformation space in the event of a crash to protect the sensitive battery modules at a load of below.

• - sie müssen über eine möglichst hohe (Biege-)Steifigkeit und damit über eine hohe Wanddicke und/oder Profilquerschnitte sowie über eine bei Belastung möglichst spät einzusetzende plastische Deformation verfügen. Auf diese Weise wird der zur Verfügung stehende Deformationsraum unter Last möglichst gut ausgenutzt;
• - eine große Breite der Profile wirkt sich positiv auf die (Biege-)Steifigkeit aus und unterstützt den Zwischenboden gegen Intrusion;
• - sie dürfen nicht zu breit sein, damit der benötigte Freiraum unterhalb der Batteriemodule bestehen bleibt;
• - die für eine gute Ausnutzung des Deformationsraums vorteilhaften, besonders biegesteifen Profile neigen bei einer Belastung der frei liegenden Unterfahrschutzflächen zu einer nur wenig energieabsorbierenden Momentenübertragung in die darüber liegende Gehäusestruktur. Durch die globale Belastung und/oder Torsion kann es zu einer Beschädigung der Batteriemodule durch die direkt angrenzenden, deformierende Bauteile, wie zum Beispiel Zwischenboden, Längs- und/oder Querträgerelemente zwischen den Batteriemodulen, etc. kommen, ohne, dass der zur Verfügung stehende Deformationsraum bereits voll ausgenutzt wurde;
• - generell ist ein geringes Gewicht anzustreben.

The arrangement of these longitudinal and / or cross member elements therefore usually depends on the overlying division of the battery elements within the housing. In the design of corresponding longitudinal and / or cross member elements, which are preferably formed as profiles and are used in the deformation space, therefore, various requirements must be met and thus made compromises, such as:

• - They must have the highest possible (bending) stiffness and thus a high wall thickness and / or profile cross sections as well as a plastic deformation to be used as late as possible under load. In this way, the available deformation space is utilized as well as possible under load;
• - a large width of the profiles has a positive effect on the (bending) rigidity and supports the false floor against intrusion;
• - they must not be too wide, so that the required space remains below the battery modules;
• - The advantageous for a good utilization of the deformation space, particularly rigid profiles tend under a load of the exposed underrun protection surfaces to a little energy-absorbing torque transmission in the overlying housing structure. The global stress and / or torsion can damage the battery modules through the directly adjacent, deforming components, such as intermediate floor, longitudinal and / or cross member elements between the battery modules, etc., without that the available deformation space was already fully exploited;
• - In general, a low weight is desirable.

From the state of the art, for example, downwardly or upwardly open, hat profile-like carrier with vertical or oblique sides are known. There are still closed or T or double T-shaped profiles known. When designing all the components involved in the crash from below, a precise coordination of the aforementioned requirements is required.

Summary of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a battery housing, in particular for an electrically driven vehicle, which essentially satisfies the aforementioned requirements.

This object is achieved by a battery housing having the features of patent claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments and variants of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below.

• - einen Kasten mit einem Rahmen und einem ersten Boden, welcher einen Innenbereich bereitstellt,
• - mindestens einen oberen Längsträger und/oder mindestens einen oberen Querträger, welcher im Innenbereich des Kastens angeordnet ist und Fächer zur Aufnahme der Batteriemodule bilden,
• - einen zweiten Boden, welcher beabstandet zum ersten Boden angeordnet ist und einen Deformationsraum zwischen sich und dem ersten Boden ausbildet,
• - mindestens einen unteren Längsträger und/oder mindestens einen unteren Querträger, welcher als Profil mit einem Bodenbereich, Zargenbereich und optionalen Flanschbereich ausgebildet ist und im Deformationsraum angeordnet ist,
• - einen Deckel zum Schließen des Kastens,

umfasst, wobei der Zargenbereich des unteren Längsträgers und/oder des unteren Querträgers zumindest eine Stufe aufweist.According to the invention, a battery housing for accommodating battery modules, in particular for an electrically driven vehicle or a vehicle with hybrid drive, is provided

• a box with a frame and a first floor providing an interior area,
• at least one upper longitudinal beam and / or at least one upper transverse beam, which is arranged in the inner region of the box and form compartments for receiving the battery modules,
• a second floor, which is arranged at a distance from the first floor and forms a deformation space between it and the first floor,
• at least one lower longitudinal member and / or at least one lower cross member, which is designed as a profile with a bottom region, frame region and optional flange region and is arranged in the deformation space,
• a lid for closing the box,

wherein the frame portion of the lower longitudinal member and / or the lower cross member has at least one step.

The aforementioned, partially contradictory requirements can be met particularly advantageously by introducing at least one step (per frame side) into the frame region of the lower longitudinal member and / or the lower cross member. The at least one step is in particular designed so that the remaining bottom width of the lower longitudinal and / or cross member profile is not wider than the gap between the two battery modules above it. Preferably, the remaining bottom width of the lower longitudinal and / or cross member profile is as large as the width of the upper longitudinal and / or cross member profile. The at least one step in the frame area increases the (bending) stiffness in the longitudinal direction. It can also serve with appropriate design at the same time as a touch-up aid for an incipient plastic deformation in overloading in the z-direction of the vehicle. In this way, it is possible to selectively reduce the crash energy and thereby shift the resulting deformation into a range, so that the battery modules are initially not affected. A global bending and / or torsion of the overlying structure (first floor, upper side member and / or cross member, cover) can be significantly attenuated and thereby the risk of damage to the battery modules by adjacent components (first floor, upper side member and / or cross member) can be reduced. The step does not necessarily have to be rectangular, but can also assume other angles, in particular based on the design or geometry of the frame area.

According to a first embodiment, the lower side member and / or the lower cross member is arranged in the deformation space such that the optional flange portion is in contact with the second bottom and the bottom portion is in contact with the first bottom. Particularly preferably, the optional flange area with the second bottom and / or the bottom portion with the first bottom non-positively and / or materially connected. The downwardly open profile can be joined in an adhesive manner with the two flanges (flange area) to the second floor in an advantageous manner. Alternatively, can be dispensed with the flanges, so that the lower side member and / or lower cross member is joined in the T-joint to the second floor. The bottom region of the lower longitudinal member and / or lower cross member can be positively joined to the first base, for example by means of screws or welding bolts previously secured to the first base.

According to a further embodiment, the Zargenbereich the lower side member and / or the lower cross member may have a plurality of stages. Due to the number of stages, in particular two or more per side Zargen, can gradually targeted influence on the deformation behavior depending on the surrounding housing design are taken, so that damage to the battery modules can be prevented as possible.

According to a further embodiment, the step or the steps in the Zargenbereich the lower side member and / or the lower cross member is arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically. The arrangement can be individually adapted to the required needs.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the lower side member is disposed below the upper side member and / or the lower cross member below the upper cross member. This advantageous arrangement prevents the impact on the first floor would pass directly to the battery modules in a strike from below, as would be the case if the lower longitudinal and / or lower cross member below the battery modules in the height of the deformation space would be arranged. Preferably, the width of the bottom region of the lower longitudinal member and / or the lower cross member is equal to or less than the width of the upper longitudinal member and / or the upper cross member, so that a power transmission at a load only in the designated upper structure (upper longitudinal and / or upper cross member) and not in the laterally arranged battery modules. The torque transmission and thus the global bending and / or torsion can be kept low due to the small leverage.

According to a further embodiment, the width, in particular the entire width of the lower longitudinal member and / or the lower cross member is greater than the width of the upper longitudinal member and / or the upper cross member to support the second bottom against intrusion. In particular, in connection with the at least one step in the frame area of the necessary space below the battery modules is maintained even with a twist.

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a use of a battery housing according to the invention in an electrically driven vehicle or a vehicle with hybrid drive, in particular a passenger vehicle, commercial vehicle, special vehicle, preferably bus, bus, a track-bound vehicle, preferably tram or passenger-carrying wagon.

list of figures

• 1 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Batteriegehäuses aus dem Stand der Technik und
• 2 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Batteriegehäuses gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals. In detail show:

• 1 a schematic sectional view of a battery case of the prior art and
• 2 a schematic sectional view of a battery case according to an embodiment of the invention.

Description of the Preferred Embodiments

In 1 is a schematic representation of a section through a known from the prior art battery housing shown. The battery case ( 1 ), which is intended for an electrically driven vehicle or a vehicle with hybrid drive (not shown), in particular an electrically driven passenger vehicle or hybrid-powered vehicle, comprises a box with a frame and a first floor (FIG. 2 ), which has an interior area ( 3 ), at least one upper longitudinal member ( 4 ) and / or at least one upper cross member ( 5 ), which indoors ( 3 ) of the box and compartments ( 6 ) for receiving the battery modules ( 20 ), a second floor ( 7 ) which is spaced from the first floor ( 2 ) is arranged and a deformation space ( 8th ) between itself (7) and the first floor ( 2 ), at least one lower longitudinal member ( 9 ) and / or at least one lower cross member ( 10 ), which as a profile with a floor area ( 9.1 . 10.1 ), Frame area ( 9.2 . 10.2 ) and optional flange area ( 9.3 . 10.3 ) is formed and in the deformation space ( 8th ) is arranged, and a lid ( 11 ) to close the box. 1 shows the final state after a simulated exposure to a foreign body ( 12 ) from the bottom of the battery case ( 1 ) respectively on the second floor ( 7 ) has acted. By the action of the foreign body ( 12 ) is the second floor ( 7 ) in the deformation space ( 8th ) that there is a bending and / or torsion of the remaining components ( 2 . 4 . 5 . 11 ), which works well on the domed lid ( 11 ) and it makes contact with the first floor ( 2 ), so that a slight intrusion of the first soil ( 2 ) in the interior ( 3 ) and associated damage to the battery module ( 20 ) and thus the risk of a short circuit can not be excluded.

In 2 is a schematic representation of a section through a battery housing according to an embodiment of the invention shown. In contrast to the embodiment known from the prior art, the frame area (FIG. 9.2 . 10.2 ) of the lower longitudinal member ( 9 ) and / or the lower cross member ( 10 ) at least one stage ( 9.21 . 10:21 ) on. As in 1 In the embodiment according to the invention, a simulated load by a foreign body (FIG. 12 ) from below on the battery case ( 1 ) respectively on the second floor ( 7 ) with the same parameters. The intrusion of the second soil ( 7 ) into the deformation space ( 8th ) is lower compared to the known embodiment and a bending and / or torsion of the remaining components ( 2 . 4 . 5 . 11 ) can be substantially prevented. Damage to the battery module ( 20 ) can be achieved by providing at least one level ( 9.21 . 10:21 ) in the frame area ( 9.2 . 10.2 ) of the at least one lower longitudinal member ( 4 ) and / or the at least one cross member ( 5 ) be prevented. It can be one level ( 9.21 . 10:21 ) or even several steps per side of the frame, whereby these symmetrical or asymmetrical depending on the design in the frame area ( 9.2 . 10.2 ) can be arranged. The lower side member ( 9 ) and / or the lower cross member ( 10 ) is in the deformation space ( 8th ), that the optional flange area ( 9.3 . 10.3 ) with the second floor ( 7 ) and the floor area ( 9.1 . 10.1 ) with the first floor ( 2 ), particularly preferably the optional flange area ( 9.3 . 10.3 ) with the second floor ( 7 ) and / or the floor area ( 9.1 . 10.1 ) with the first floor ( 2 ) is positively and / or materially connected. Alternatively, and not shown here can be dispensed with the flanges (Flanschebreich), so that the frames (Zargenbereich) of the lower longitudinal member and / or lower cross member with the first floor ( 2 ) is positively and / or materially connected. Preferably, the lower side member ( 9 ) below the upper longitudinal member ( 4 ) and / or the lower cross member ( 10 ) below the upper cross member ( 5 ) arranged. The width of the floor area ( 9.1 . 10.1 ) of the lower longitudinal member ( 9 ) and / or the lower cross member ( 10 ) is equal to or less than the width of the upper longitudinal member ( 4 ) and / or the upper cross member ( 5 ). In the illustrated embodiment, the upper side member ( 4 ) and / or upper cross members ( 5 ) formed as a hat-shaped profile, so that the width of the upper longitudinal member ( 4 ) and / or the upper cross member ( 5 ) also includes the flange area. Preferably, the width of the lower longitudinal member ( 9 ) and / or the lower cross member ( 10 ), which also includes the flange area ( 9.3 . 10.3 ), greater than the width of the upper longitudinal member ( 4 ) and / or the upper cross member ( 5 ).

The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown, but the individual features can be combined with each other. The upper longitudinal member and / or upper cross member is not limited to a particular hat-shaped profile. Rather, other profile cross-sections can be used accordingly. Particularly preferably, the battery housing according to the invention can be used in passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, trucks, special vehicles, buses, buses, whether with hybrid or pure electric drive, but also in track-bound vehicles, such as trams or personal wagons.

Claims (8)

Battery housing (1) for receiving battery modules (20), in particular for an electrically driven vehicle or a vehicle with hybrid drive, comprising - a box with a frame and a first floor (2), which provides an interior area (3), - at least one upper longitudinal member (4) and / or at least one upper cross member (5) which is arranged in the inner region (3) of the box and compartments (6) for receiving the battery modules (20), - a second bottom (7), which spaced is arranged to the first floor (2) and a deformation space (8) between itself (7) and the first floor (2) is formed, - at least one lower side rail (9) and / or at least one lower cross member (10), which as a profile with a bottom region (9.1, 10.1), frame region (9.2, 10.2) and optional flange region (9.3, 10.3) is formed and in the deformation space (8) is arranged, - a lid (11) for closing the box, characterized d the frame region (9.2, 10.2) of the lower longitudinal member (9) and / or the lower cross member (10) has at least one step (9.21, 10.21). Battery housing after Claim 1 , characterized in that the lower side member (9) and / or the lower cross member (10) in the deformation space (8) is arranged such that the optional flange (9.3, 10.3) with the second bottom (7) and the bottom portion (9.1 , 10.1) is in contact with the first floor (2). Battery housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame region (9.2, 10.2) of the lower longitudinal member (9) and / or the lower cross member (10) has a plurality of stages. Battery housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step (9.21, 10.21) or steps in the Zargenbereich (9.2, 10.2) of the lower longitudinal member (9) and / or the lower cross member (10) is arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically or are. Battery housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower longitudinal member (9) below the upper longitudinal member (4) and / or the lower cross member (10) below the upper cross member (5) is arranged. Battery housing after Claim 5 , characterized in that the width of the bottom region (9.1, 10.1) of the lower longitudinal member (9) and / or the lower cross member (10) is equal to or less than the width of the upper longitudinal member (4) and / or the upper cross member (5 ). Battery housing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the lower longitudinal member (9) and / or the lower cross member (10) is greater than the width of the upper longitudinal member (4) and / or the upper cross member (10). Use of a battery case according to one of Claims 1 to 7 in passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, trucks, special vehicles, buses, buses, whether with hybrid or pure electric drive, but also in track-bound vehicles, such as trams or Personenbefördernden.

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