DE102017219873A1 - Cooling structure and basic body element for this - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a base body element (12) for forming a cooling structure (10) for cooling a cooling surface (14) to be cooled, the base body element (12) having a cooling medium supply line (20) with an inlet opening (22) for admitting a cooling medium; an edge channel (30) surrounding the cooling medium supply line (20) in a circumferential direction with an outlet opening (32) extending along the circumferential direction for discharging the cooling medium; and at least one distribution channel (26) connecting the cooling medium supply line (20) to the edge channel (30) and extending in the radial direction.

Description

The invention relates to a base member for forming a cooling structure for cooling a cooling surface to be cooled and a combination of the base members to cool a larger area. The structure can also be used for heating. In the following, however, only a cooling of a cooling surface will be mentioned.

Many components must be actively cooled to operate within a specified temperature range. These include e.g. electronic components that heat up during operation due to electrical losses. Likewise, components that are in direct contact with a hot environment such as e.g. Combustor walls, turbine blades and the like are actively cooled so that they do not overheat. The cooling can take place in that a cooling medium with the highest possible heat capacity, such. Water that removes heat and delivers it directly to the environment via a heat exchanger (closed cooling circuit) or in an open system. Of crucial importance is that the thermal resistance between the hot spot and the cooling medium is minimized

WO 2014/0048726 A1 discloses a device for cooling, in particular for coils of a transformer, comprising: a substantially planar mat having a first and a second surface, on both surfaces of which there are provided conduits for guiding a fluid which are interconnected by openings provided in the mat, through which the fluid can be introduced from the lines arranged on the first surface of the mat into lines arranged on the second surface of the mat. By using such a device, cooling for a high cooling efficiency is achieved in choke coils, thereby enabling a compact design with a low weight while reducing the cost.

WO 2011/0038988 A2 discloses a method of making a cold plate and apparatus made by the method. The plates are provided with recesses and are arranged such that the recesses of the plates overlap and continuous cooling channels are formed along a longitudinal direction in a plane of the plates. Between the at least two plates, a material for mechanically stable assembly of the plates is inserted, which does not substantially penetrate into the recesses of the plates in the temporally stable assembly.

US 2008/0030194 A1 discloses a gradient coil system for a magnetic resonance tomograph. The system has a gradient coil layer and a cooling layer. The cooling layer is formed as a plate-shaped heat exchanger and arranged between the gradient coil layers.

In addition to classic finned cooling bodies which are surrounded by air and give off the heat, it is also possible through cooling channels in a solid body (copper, aluminum, ceramic, etc.) to conduct the cooling medium, which then absorbs the heat. For manufacturing reasons mostly simple continuous holes are used for this, but also meander-shaped structures are common. The cooling medium is optionally passed several times through the cooling block to dissipate more heat. As the medium also heats up, the amount of heat that can be absorbed by the medium decreases. This effect can be partially compensated by the fact that hot and cold sections of the flow channel are close together.

Against this background, it is the object of the invention to improve cooling structures, in particular with regard to their cooling efficiency, homogeneity and / or scalability.

The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

• - eine Kühlmedium-Zuleitung mit einer Einlassöffnung zum Einlassen eines Kühlmediums;
• - einen die Kühlmedium-Zuleitung in einer Umfangsrichtung umgebenden Randkanal mit einer sich entlang der Umfangsrichtung erstreckenden Auslassöffnung zum Auslassen des Kühlmediums; und
• - wenigstens einen die Kühlmedium-Zuleitung mit dem Randkanal fluidverbindenden und in Radialrichtung verlaufenden Verteilungs kanal.

The invention provides a base body element for forming a cooling structure for cooling a cooling surface to be cooled, wherein the base body element comprises:

• - A cooling medium supply line with an inlet opening for admitting a cooling medium;
• - An edge channel surrounding the cooling medium supply line in a circumferential direction with an extending along the circumferential direction outlet opening for discharging the cooling medium; and
• - At least one the cooling medium supply line with the edge channel fluid-connecting and extending in the radial direction distribution channel.

The basic body element makes use of the principle of the so-called Jet Impingement Heat Transfer. In this case, a fluid flow is directed from an opening substantially perpendicular to the surface to be cooled. This creates a particularly favorable flow for heat transfer. This principle is described in more detail in the document N. Zuckerman and N. Lior, "Jet Impingement Heat Transfer: Physics, Correlations, and Numerical Modeling," Advances in Heat Transfer Vol. 39, 565-631 whose revelation here by reference is included. Multiple body members may be assembled to form a cooling structure. This gives scalability. The embodiment of the invention ensures that an efficient heat transfer is possible. By juxtaposing the basic body elements, a homogeneous cooling of the cooling surface can be achieved, since the basic body elements are substantially identical in terms of their heat transport properties. Thus, a homogeneous cooling can be achieved even with large cooling surfaces. In addition, an adaptability of the cooling structure is made possible, since different shapes are possible in the basic body elements.

Thus, by suitable choice of the composition, a cooling structure made from the basic body elements tailored for the specific application can be created.

It is preferred that the cooling medium supply line is formed such that in the assembled state of the cooling structure, the flow direction of the cooling medium in the cooling medium supply line has a main direction component substantially perpendicular to the cooling surface. By almost vertical inflow, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer of the cooling medium can be reduced at the cooling surface. In connection with the comparatively short contact between the cooling medium and the cooling surface thus results in a high temperature gradient, which usually causes a faster heat transfer. Thus, the cooling efficiency can be further improved.

It is preferable that the outlet port is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the skirt portion, so that in the assembled state of the cooling structure, the flow direction of the cooling medium at the outlet port has a main direction component substantially in the radial direction. It is preferred that the outlet opening is arranged on the cover surface of the edge region facing away from the cooling surface, so that in the assembled state of the cooling structure, the flow direction of the cooling medium at the outlet opening has a main direction component substantially in the axial direction away from the cooling surface. Adjacent flows of the cooling medium meet at the edge regions and can form a so-called fountain area, in which the flow away from the cooling surface is comparatively strong. If the outlet opening is arranged accordingly, the flow rate and thus the volume flow of the cooling medium can be increased. This results in a higher cooling capacity and efficiency.

It is preferred that the distribution channel has a cross-section, which extends away from the cooling medium supply line in the radial direction outwards to the edge channel, in particular continuously, increasing, in particular circular, cross-section. It is preferred that the diameter of the distribution channel is from 0.4 times to 0.6 times, preferably 0.5 times, the diameter of the inlet opening to 1 times to 1.2 times, preferably 1.1 times. times, the diameter of the inlet opening is increased. It is preferred that the distribution channel is truncated cone-shaped. It is preferred that the edge channel of the cooling medium supply line has a distance which is between 2 times and 3 times, preferably 2.5 times, the diameter of the inlet opening. It is preferable that the thickness of the peripheral channel when viewed in the radial direction is between 0.2 times and 0.3 times, preferably 0.25 times, the diameter of the inlet opening. It is preferable that the peripheral channel has a height between 0.3 times and 0.5 times, preferably 0.4 times, the total height of the main body element. By the above measures, the volume flow of the cooling medium can be further improved. Consequently, the cooling capacity is increased.

It is preferred that the base element viewed from above has a regular polygonal basic shape, in particular triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal or hexagonal regular basic shape. With the enumerated basic forms, for example, a cooling surface can be completely covered with basic body elements. One speaks here also of tiling. Using a combination of different basic shapes, so different and non-planar cooling surfaces can be cooled. For example, a combination of pentagonal and hexagonal base elements such as a football can be arranged to provide a kind of cooling chamber.

The invention further provides a cooling structure for cooling a cooling surface to be cooled, comprising a plurality of base body elements, wherein at least one, preferably each, base body element is formed according to one of the preceding claims, edge portions of adjacent base body elements on its outer peripheral side fluid-tight adjoin, so that the edge channels at least form a parallel to the cooling surface extending cooling channel.

Preferably, the cooling structure includes a cooling medium drain that is in fluid communication with the cooling passage to remove cooling medium. The cooling medium discharge is placed, for example, on the outlet opening.

It is preferred that the edge regions of the base body elements are matched to one another such that the base body elements a Cover non-exactly trained cooling surface gapless.

The cooling structure has substantially the same advantages as already described in connection with the basic body elements.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf die Strömungskanäle eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Grundkörperelements;
• 2 eine Perspektivansicht der Strömungskanäle aus 1;
• 3 eine Perspektivansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Kühlstruktur;
• 4 eine Perspektivansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Kühlstruktur; und
• 5 eine Perspektivansicht einer CFD-Simulation der Kühlstruktur aus 4.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. It shows:

• 1 a plan view of the flow channels of an embodiment of a base member;
• 2 a perspective view of the flow channels 1 ;
• 3 a perspective view of an embodiment of a cooling structure;
• 4 a perspective view of another embodiment of a cooling structure; and
• 5 a perspective view of a CFD simulation of the cooling structure 4 ,

It is going on first 1 to 3 Reference is made to an embodiment of a cooling structure 10 demonstrate. The cooling structure 10 includes a plurality of body elements 12 , The cooling structure 10 is arranged so that a cooling surface to be cooled 14 of which it can be cooled. The cooling surface 14 may for example belong to an electronic component. The cooling structure 10 can use a suitable fluid, in particular water or oil, as the cooling medium.

Every basic body element 12 includes a plurality of flow channels 16 for the cooling medium, which is the basic body element 12 pull through. The basic body element 12 has a hexagonal basic shape. However, other basic forms are conceivable. The basic body element 12 has a supply area 18 for the cooling medium. The supply area 18 can be connected to a cooling medium reservoir to the body member 12 to supply with cooling medium.

The supply area 18 contains a cooling medium supply line 20 with an inlet opening 22 for the cooling medium. The cooling medium supply line 20 is formed substantially circular cylindrical and extends in the axial direction of the main body element 12 , Other cross-sectional shapes are possible depending on the application.

At the inlet opening 22 opposite end of the cooling medium supply line 20 are in a distribution area 24 a plurality of distribution channels 26 provided, here six. The distribution channels 26 extend in the radial direction of the cooling medium supply line 20 path. The distribution channels 26 In particular, they have a cross-section which increases continuously in the radial direction. Preferably, the distribution channels 26 truncated cone-shaped.

The distribution channels 26 lead to a border area 28 in an edge channel 30 , Furthermore, at the edge area 28 an outlet opening 32 provided along the outer peripheral side 34 of the border area 28 or along the axial direction of the cooling surface 14 distant cover side 36 extends. In the present case, the edge channel 30 a hexagonal basic form. In other words, the edge channel forms 30 a hexagonal outer circumference.

The following will be on 3 to 6 Referenced.

To form the cooling structure 10 can a plurality of prefabricated body elements 12 assembled and brought into contact with the cooling surface 14 seamlessly with basic body elements 12 to cover. Alternatively, it is also conceivable, the cooling structure 10 using additive manufacturing processes (additive manufacturing, 3D printing) on the cooling surface 14 applied.

After assembly, the edge channels form 30 a plurality of substantially parallel to the cooling surface 14 extending cooling channels 38 ,

In addition, at the cooling structure 10 at least one cooling medium discharge 40 attached to the outlet openings 32 with the cooling channels 38 or the edge channels 30 fluidly connected.

The remaining outlet openings 32 can on the cover page 36 be closed with a correspondingly designed cover plate (not shown here). Depending on the design of the edge areas 28 may also have an outer peripheral side wall on the cooling structure 10 be attached, wherein the side wall on the outer periphery of the cooling structure 10 located body elements 12 closes against unwanted leakage of cooling medium.

How out 5 Obviously there is a homogeneous cooling of the cooling surface 14 instead of. This is achieved by the cooling medium through the inlet opening 22 and the cooling medium supply line 20 perpendicular to the cooling surface 14 is directed. The flow of cooling medium is then distributed over the distribution channels 26 radially outwardly until it encounters an adjacent countercurrent cooling medium. At these points, as described by Zuckerman et al. described Fountain area, in the cooling medium from the cooling surface 14 away flows. In these places are also the outlet opening 32 and the cooling channels 38 intended. The cooling medium thus passes through the outlet opening 32 into the coolant outlet 40 and then discharged.

By this flow geometry, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer can be reduced and the highest possible temperature gradient can be achieved. Overall, therefore, the heat transport can be improved and the cooling efficiency can be increased. In addition, by the shape of the body elements 12 improves the homogeneity of the cooling effect and a scalable cooling structure 10 be created.

A new type of cooling ducts was presented in which the cooling medium is supplied and discharged evenly across the surface to be cooled, thus promising a more homogeneous cooling behavior with better efficiency. The proposed structure comprises a main body, in particular a hexagonal base. The hexagonal base area makes it possible to cover almost arbitrarily large areas from this structure (tiling). The supply of the cooling medium takes place in the surface via inlets. This can e.g. be realized by a large chamber, which is supplied with the cold cooling medium continuously. The reflux of the cooling medium heated in the structure takes place via return channels either to the side or by a corresponding piping upwards. In the latter case, the heated cooling medium could be passed through the inlet chamber.

The dimensioning of the structure (eg size of the channels, diameter, dimension of the basic structure) as well as the materials used can be done individually for the respective application. In particular, the following influencing factors play an important role: loss heat dissipated, material compatibility, cooling medium, dimensions and / or installation space.

Features of the idea presented here:

The cooling medium is fed (almost) perpendicular to the cooling surface.

The shape of the body allows tiling of the surface to be cooled.

The heated cooling medium is removed at the lateral edges of the body.

With the measures described herein, the following advantages in particular can be realized. It should be noted that not all advantages (simultaneously) must be realized in all embodiments of the invention.

The cold cooling medium is perpendicular to the surface to be cooled and can thereby reduce the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.

The cooling medium is led away again after a short contact from the cooling surface and thus has a high temperature gradient to the cooling surface.

It creates a homogeneous cooling effect over the entire surface to be cooled, since there are comparable conditions everywhere.

The cooling structure can be scaled virtually anywhere, even on large areas, because a tiling can be made of basic bodies.

The cooling structure can be adapted more easily to the respective requirements (dimensions, base materials, ...).

The cooling structure can be produced in particular with additive manufacturing, for example 3D printing.

Modifications of the invention are also possible, including in particular the following measures:

Instead of a hexagonal basic structure, triangular or square basic elements are conceivable.

Optionally, by combining two or more different basic body shapes further embodiments can be realized. Thus, essentially all combinations are possible that allow a tiling of the surface to be cooled.

For curved surfaces, for example, a combination of hexagons and pentagons, similar to a classic football, conceivable.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

cooling structure

12

Body member

14

cooling surface

16

flow channel

18

lead region

20

Coolant feed line

22

inlet port

24

distribution area

26

distribution channel

28

border area

30

edge channel

32

outlet

34

Outer peripheral side

36

cover page

38

cooling channel

40

Cooling medium derivative

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2014/0048726 A1 [0003]
• WO 2011/0038988 A2 [0004]
• US 2008/0030194 A1 [0005]

Cited non-patent literature

• N. Zuckerman and N. Lior, "Jet Impingement Heat Transfer: Physics, Correlations, and Numerical Modeling", Advances in Heat Transfer Vol. 39, 565-631 [0010]

Claims (13)

A body member (12) for forming a cooling structure (10) for cooling a cooling surface (14) to be cooled, said body member (12) comprising: - A cooling medium supply line (20) having an inlet opening (22) for admitting a cooling medium; - An edge channel (30) surrounding the cooling medium supply line (20) in a circumferential direction with an outlet opening (32) extending along the circumferential direction for discharging the cooling medium; and - At least one the cooling medium supply line (20) with the edge channel (30) fluid-connecting and extending in the radial direction distribution channel (26). Basic body element (12) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the cooling medium supply line (20) is formed such that in the assembled state of the cooling structure (10), the flow direction of the cooling medium in the cooling medium supply line (20) has a main direction component substantially perpendicular to the cooling surface (14). Basic body element (12) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the outlet opening (32) on the outer peripheral side (34) of the edge region (28) is arranged, so that in the assembled state of the cooling structure (10), the flow direction of the cooling medium at the outlet opening (32) has a main direction component substantially in the radial direction or that the outlet opening (32) is arranged on a cover surface (36) of the edge region (28) facing away from the cooling surface, such that in the assembled state of the cooling structure (10) the flow direction of the cooling medium at the outlet opening (32) has a main direction component substantially in the axial direction from the cooling surface (14) away. Basic body element (12) according to one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the distribution channel (26) has a from the cooling medium supply line (20) away in the radial direction outwards to the edge channel (30), in particular continuously, magnifying, in particular circular, cross-section. Basic body element (12) after Claim 4 , characterized in that the diameter of the distribution channel (26) is from 0.4 times to 0.6 times, preferably 0.5 times, the diameter of the inlet opening (22) to 1 times to 1.2 times , preferably 1.1 times, of the diameter of the inlet opening (22) increases. Basic body element (12) after Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that the distribution channel (26) is frustoconical. Basic body element (12) according to one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the edge channel (30) of the cooling medium supply line (20) has a distance which is between the 2-fold and 3-fold, preferably 2.5 times, the diameter of the inlet opening (22). Basic body element (12) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that the thickness of the edge channel (30) viewed in the radial direction between 0.2 times and 0.3 times, preferably 0.25 times, the diameter of the inlet opening (22). Basic body element (12) according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that edge channel (30) has a height between 0.3 times and 0.5 times, preferably 0.4 times, the total height of the main body element (12). Basic body element (12) according to one of Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the base body element (12) viewed from above has a regular polygonal basic shape, in particular a triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal or hexagonal regular basic shape. A cooling structure (10) for cooling a cooling surface (14) to be cooled, comprising a plurality of base elements (12), wherein at least one, preferably each, base element (12) is formed according to one of the preceding claims, wherein edge regions (28) of adjacent base elements ( 12) adjoin one another in a fluid-tight manner on their outer peripheral side (34) so that the edge channels (30) form at least one cooling channel (38) running parallel to the cooling surface (14). Cooling structure (10) after Claim 11 characterized by a cooling medium drain (40) in fluid communication with the cooling passage (38) for discharging cooling medium. Cooling structure (10) after Claim 11 or 12 , characterized in that the edge regions (28) of the base body elements (12) are matched to one another such that the base body elements (12) cover a non-flat cooling surface (14) gapless.

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