DE102017218936A1 - Electric bridging element, method for producing an electrical bridging element, energy storage device and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is based on an electrical bridging element (1), a method for the production, an electrical energy store and a device, comprising at least a first and a second electrical conductor (2, 8), a reaction foil (5), a first solder layer (3 ) and an electrically insulating adhesive (4) which electrically isolates the electrical conductors (2, 8) from each other, the reaction foil (5), the electrically insulating adhesive (4) and the first solder layer (3) between the electrical conductors ( 2, 8) are arranged so that the reaction foil (5) in an exothermic reaction, the first solder layer (3) melts and an electrically conductive connection between the electrical conductors (2, 8) is produced.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to an electric bridging element, a method of manufacturing an electric bridging element, an energy storage device and a device according to the preamble of the independent claims.

State of the art

EP 2 642 582 B1 shows an electrical bridging element, in particular for bridging defective memory cells of an energy storage device. In this case, a layer sequence with an electrical insulation layer and a reactive layer stack is arranged between two electrical conductors, which dissolve the insulating layer by means of an exothermic reaction and thus can produce an electrically conductive connection between the electrical conductors.

DE 10 2011 109240 A1 shows a method for connecting contact elements of battery cells with power connectors to electrically connect the battery cells to a total battery.

Disclosure of the invention

The essence of the invention in the electrical bridging element is that the electrical bridging element comprises at least a first and a second electrical conductor, a reaction foil, a first solder layer and an electrically insulating adhesive, wherein the electrically insulating adhesive electrically isolates the electrical conductors from each other the reaction film, the electrically insulating adhesive and the first solder layer are arranged between the electrical conductors so that the reaction film melts the first solder layer in an exothermic reaction and an electrically conductive connection between the electrical conductors is produced.

Background of the invention is the provision of a reliable bridging element. The electrically insulating adhesive acts as an insulating layer, which can be bridged by means of the molten solder layer.

According to the invention, the electrical bridging element is at least partially precompletable by means of the adhesive. In this case, the components of the electrical bridging element can be positively connected to one another by means of the adhesive. Thus, the handling of the electrical bridging element is facilitated, for example, when installing the electrical bridging element in an electrical energy storage.

Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the electrically insulating adhesive is arranged in a plane between the electrical conductors and has at least one recess which is designed such that the first solder layer melted during the exothermic reaction flows through the recess and electrically conductively connects the electrical conductors to one another , As a result, no further insulating layer is necessary, since the adhesive itself is the electrical conductors isolated from each other and bridged by means of the solder material of the first layer of solder.

Advantageously, the electrically insulating adhesive has electrically insulating particles, in particular wherein the electrically insulating particles are rounded, preferably spherical. The advantage here is that by means of the electrically insulating particles, a defined electrically insulating distance between the electrical conductors can be produced.

Advantageously, the electrically insulating particles ceramic, preferably glass on. As a result, the electrically insulating particles are heat-resistant executable, so that the particles are insensitive to the exothermic reaction and the molten solder material.

It is furthermore advantageous if an electrically conductive adhesive is arranged between the reaction foil and the first solder layer and connects the reaction foil and the first solder layer to one another in a form-fitting and electrically conductive manner. The advantage here is that the reaction foil can be fixed to the first solder layer and is electrically conductively connected to the first conductor by means of the electrically conductive adhesive and the first solder layer. Thus, the electrical bridging element by means of the adhesive is vorkomplettierbar and improves the handling of the electrical bridging element.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the reaction film between the first solder layer and an electrically insulating insulating layer, in particular an insulating film, arranged, wherein the insulating layer is at least partially positively connected by means of the electrically insulating adhesive with at least one of the electrical conductors, wherein the insulating layer, the reaction film , the electrically insulating adhesive and the first solder layer in such a way between the electrical Ladders are arranged so that the reaction foil melts the first layer of solder in an exothermic reaction and an electrically conductive connection between the electrical conductors is produced. The advantage here is that by means of the insulating layer, a defined electrically insulating distance between the electrical conductors can be produced. Advantageously, the handling of the electrical bridging element is facilitated since the insulating layer can be fixed to the electrical conductor by means of the electrically insulating adhesive. The electrically insulating adhesive preferably connects the electrical conductors, the solder layers and the reaction foil in a form-fitting manner.

It is furthermore advantageous if the electrically insulating adhesive is arranged between the electrical conductors such that the reaction film is enclosed in a fluid-tight manner by the electrically insulating adhesive and the electrical conductors. As a result, the reaction foil, in particular the layer stack of the solder layers, the reaction foil and the insulating layer or the plane of the electrically insulating adhesive, is protected from particles and moisture. Thus, the reliability of the electric bypass element is improved.

Preferably, the electrically insulating adhesive for sealing the reaction film and the electrically insulating adhesive in the plane between the electrical conductors are different, in particular wherein the electrically insulating adhesive for sealing has a lower viscosity than the electrically insulating adhesive in the plane between the electrical conductors.

Advantageously, the first solder layer is arranged between the reaction film and the first conductor, wherein the reaction film is at least partially positively connected by means of the electrically insulating adhesive with at least one of the electrical conductors. Advantageously, the reaction foil is connected in a form-fitting manner by means of the electrically insulating adhesive to a solder layer arranged adjacent to the respective electrical conductor or to the solder layer and the electrical conductor.

Advantageously, the electrical bridging element has a second solder layer, which is arranged between the second electrical conductor and the reaction foil. As a result, the electrical conductivity between the molten first solder layer and the second electrical conductor is improved. Preferably, the second solder layer is also meltable by means of the reaction film, so that the first and second solder layer connect to each other and / or crosslink, in particular to mix.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the electrical bridging element has an activating element which is set up to activate the reaction foil, in particular wherein the activating element is designed as an electrical or thermal activating element or as a light source. The advantage here is that the bridging element can be controlled externally by means of the activation element. This allows a targeted triggering of the bridging element.

Advantageously, the activation element has a voltage source, a contacting means and a switching element, wherein a first terminal of the voltage source is electrically connected to the first electrical conductor, wherein the first electrical conductor is electrically conductively connected to the reaction foil, wherein a second terminal of the voltage source means the contacting means, in particular a tip, and the switching element, in particular a MOSFET switch, is electrically conductively connectable to the reaction foil, such that the reaction foil can be activated. Thus, the activation element can be triggered by means of an electronic circuit. Advantageously, the tip is sprung executed.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the first and second electrical conductors each have at least one notch, which is adapted to partially receive a tensioning device, in particular a spring element, for fixing the electrical bridging element. Thus, the electrical bridging element can be fixed by means of the clamping device received in the indentations, while the adhesive cures in the production of the bridging element.

• wobei in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt die erste Lotschicht auf einer Oberfläche des ersten elektrischen Leiters angeordnet wird,
• wobei in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt die Reaktionsfolie mittels des elektrisch isolierenden Klebemittels mit dem ersten und/oder zweiten elektrischen Leiter formschlüssig verbunden wird,
• wobei in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt die elektrischen Leiter mittels einer Spannvorrichtung gegeneinander gepresst werden,
• wobei in einem vierten Verfahrensschritt das elektrisch isolierende Klebemittel ausgehärtet wird.

The core of the invention in the method for producing an electrical bridging element, in particular as described above or according to one of the claims directed to the electrical bridging element, comprising a first and a second electrical conductor, a first solder layer, an electrically insulating adhesive and a reaction film is in that the method comprises the temporally successive method steps:

• wherein in a first method step the first solder layer is arranged on a surface of the first electrical conductor,
• wherein in a second method step the reaction foil is positively connected to the first and / or second electrical conductor by means of the electrically insulating adhesive,
• wherein in a third method step, the electrical conductors are pressed against one another by means of a tensioning device,
• wherein in a fourth method step, the electrically insulating adhesive is cured.

Background of the invention is to vorzukomplettieren the electrical bridging element by means of the method. As a result, the handling of the electrical bridging element is facilitated, for example, when installed in an electrical energy storage.

Advantageously, the tensioning device is removed in a fifth method step. As a result, the clamping device for the production of further electrical bridging elements is reusable.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, an insulating layer between the reaction foil and the second electrical conductor is arranged in the second process step. The advantage here is that by means of the insulating layer, a defined electrically insulating distance between the electrical conductors can be produced.

The core of the invention in the electrical energy storage having at least one energy storage cell and at least one electrical bridging element as described above or according to one of the bridging element related claims, is that the electrical bypass element is connected in parallel to at least one energy storage cell of the electrical energy store.

Background of the invention is that the energy storage cell is short-circuited in a dangerous situation by means of the bridging element. As a result, the separator in the cell is melted and overheating of the energy storage cell can be avoided, for example, by a short circuit or a critical state of charge.

The essence of the invention in the device and / or the vehicle is that the device and / or the vehicle has an energy store as described above or according to the claim related to the energy store.

Background of the invention is that is short-circuited by means of the bridging element of the energy storage in critical conditions. For example, the bridging element is indirectly or directly connected to vehicle sensors, which detect a critical vehicle situation, trigger the bridging element and thus bring the energy storage in a safe state.

list of figures

In the following section, the invention will be explained with reference to embodiments, from which further inventive features may result, but to which the invention is not limited in scope. The embodiments are shown in the drawings.

• 1a eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Überbrückungselementes;
• 1b eine schematische Darstellung des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Überbrückungselementes;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Überbrückungselementes;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Überbrückungselementes;
• 4 eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Überbrückungselementes;
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Variante einer Anordnung von Klebemittel für das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel des elektrischen Überbrückungselementes nach dem Auftragen auf die Reaktionsfolie und/oder die zweite Lotschicht 7;
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung der ersten Variante einer Anordnung von Klebemittel für das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel des elektrischen Überbrückungselementes nach dem Verpressen des Überbrückungselementes; und
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Variante einer Anordnung von Klebemittel auf einer Reaktionsfolie.

It shows:

• 1a a schematic exploded view of a first embodiment of the electrical bridging element according to the invention;
• 1b a schematic representation of the first embodiment of the electrical bridging element according to the invention;
• 2 a schematic representation of the inventive method for producing an electrical bypass element;
• 3 a schematic representation of another variant of the method according to the invention for producing an electrical bridging element;
• 4 a schematic exploded view of a second embodiment of the electrical bridging element according to the invention;
• 5 a schematic representation of a first variant of an arrangement of adhesive for the second embodiment of the electrical bridging element after application to the reaction film and / or the second layer of solder 7 ;
• 6 a schematic representation of the first variant of an arrangement of adhesive for the second embodiment of the electrical bridging element after pressing the bridging element; and
• 7 a schematic representation of a second variant of an arrangement of adhesive on a reaction film.

Embodiments of the invention

In the 1a and 1b a first embodiment of the electrical bridging element according to the invention is shown schematically.

The electrical bridging element 1 has a first electrical conductor 2 , one second electrical conductor 8th , a first layer of solder 3 , a second layer of solder 7 , a reaction film 5 , an electrically insulating insulating layer 6 , in particular insulating film, and electrically insulating adhesive 4 on.

The first layer of solder 3 , the second layer of solder 7 , the reaction film 5 and the insulating layer 6 are stacked, in particular as a layer stack, between the electrical conductors ( 2 . 8th ) arranged. In this case, the layer stack is on at least two sides of the electrically insulating adhesive 4 surround. The electrically insulating adhesive 4 connects the layer stack at least partially positively with the electrical conductors ( 2 . 8th ).

The second layer of solder 7 is on a surface of the second electrical conductor 8th arranged. The first layer of solder 3 is on a surface of the first electrical conductor 2 arranged. The layer thickness of the first and / or second solder layer ( 3 . 7 ) is 5 μm to 400 μm, preferably 10 μm to 200 μm.

Preferably, the layer thickness of the first solder layer 3 equal to the layer thickness of the second layer of solder 7 , Advantageously, the first and second solder layers ( 3 . 7 ) in one step on the first and second conductor ( 2 . 8th ) applicable. Preferably, the solder layers ( 3 . 7 ) containing zinc-containing solder materials.

The layer thickness of the insulating layer 6 is between 30μm and 200μm.

Between the first layer of solder 3 and the insulating layer 6 is the reaction foil 5 arranged. The reaction film 5 is activated by means of an activation element, not shown, to an exothermic reaction for melting the first solder layer 3 trigger.

The reaction film 5 is, for example, a reactive layer stack which has a multiplicity of nanosheets, the nanosheets having a layer thickness of 1 nm to 500 nm. The reactive layer stack has alternately arranged nanolayers, as described, for example, in US Pat WO 01/83182 are described.

The activation element is designed, for example, as an electrical or thermal activation element or light source. Preferably, the activation element is designed electrically and has a voltage source. A first connection of the voltage source is connected to one of the electrical conductors ( 2 . 8th ) electrically conductively connected, the electrically conductive with the reaction film 5 connected is. A second terminal of the voltage source is electrically conductive with the reaction foil by means of a contacting means, in particular a spring-loaded tip, and of a switching element, in particular of a MOSFET switch 5 connectable. In this case, the switching element is arranged between the contacting means and the second terminal of the voltage source.

4 shows a second embodiment of the electrical bridging element according to the invention. Between the one with the first layer of solder 3 provided first electrical conductor 2 and with the second solder layer 7 provided second electrical conductor 8th is an adhesive film 30 , in particular one with electrically insulating adhesive 4 provided reaction film 5 arranged.

The layer thickness of the electrically insulating adhesive 4 is in the second embodiment between 30μm and 200 microns.

The electrically insulating adhesive 4 is between the reaction foil 5 and the second solder layer 7 arranged. Preferably, the electrically insulating adhesive 4 at least one recess 40 on.

In a further embodiment, not shown, the adhesive film 30 additionally an electrically conductive adhesive. In this case, the electrically conductive adhesive between the reaction film 5 and the first solder layer 3 arranged.

In 5 and 6 is a first variant of an arrangement of electrically insulating adhesive 4 illustrated for the second embodiment of the electrical bridging element according to the invention. In this case, the electrically insulating adhesive 4 as an arrangement of adhesive dots 41 on the reaction foil 5 and / or the second solder layer 7 executed.

After application, in 5 shown are the glue dots 41 spaced apart from each other, so that between the individual adhesive dots 41 adhesive-free areas are arranged, which of molten solder material of the first and / or second solder layer ( 3 . 7 ) are penetrable. Preferably, the adhesive dots 41 arranged in an irregular pattern.

After pressing, in 6 shown are the glue dots 41 at least partially overlapping, so that between the adhesive dots 41 recesses 40 in the adhesive 4 , in particular air inclusions, which are arranged by molten solder material of the first and / or second solder layer ( 3 . 7 ) are penetrable. Preferably, the adhesive dots 41 arranged in an irregular pattern.

7 shows a second variant of the arrangement of adhesive 4 of electrically insulating adhesive 4 for the second embodiment of the electrical bridging element according to the invention 1 ,

Here is the adhesive 4 circulating on the reaction film 5 applied. In this case, the adhesive has 4 at least one recess 40 on. Preferably, between the circulating adhesive 4 at least one connecting web is arranged, which supports the reaction foil, so that it is arranged at a distance from the second solder layer. This indicates the adhesive 4 at least two recesses 40 on. The respective recess 40 is of molten solder material of the first and / or second solder layer ( 3 . 7 ) penetrable.

The described use of an electrical bridging element according to the invention 10 for an energy storage is possible in vehicle technology and in stationary applications such as energy technology, in particular solar energy technology and / or wind energy technology and / or water energy technology.

In 2 is an inventive method for producing an electrical bridging element 1 comprising a first and a second electrical conductor ( 2 . 8th ), a first layer of solder 3 , an electrically insulating adhesive 4 and a reaction film 5 represented.

The method has the temporally successive process steps:

In a first method step, the first solder layer 3 on a surface of the first electrical conductor 2 arranged. Preferably, the second solder layer is simultaneously 7 on a surface of the second electrical conductor 8th arranged.

In a second process step, the reaction film 5 by means of the electrically insulating adhesive 4 with the first and / or second electrical conductor ( 2 . 8th ) positively connected. Preferably, an insulating layer 6 between the reaction film 5 and the second electrical conductor 8th arranged and the reaction foil 5 and the insulating layer 6 by means of the electrically insulating adhesive 4 with the first and / or second electrical conductor ( 2 . 8th ) positively connected.

In a third process step, the electrical conductors ( 2 . 8th ) by means of a tensioning device 10 pressed against each other. Preferably, the electrical conductors ( 2 . 8th ) to each at least one notch on, in which the tensioning device 10 partially recorded.

In a fourth method step, the electrically insulating adhesive 4 hardened.

In a fifth method step, the clamping device 10 away.

In 3 is a second embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing an electrical bridging element 1 shown, wherein the clamping device 10 as spring elements 20 is executed.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2642582 B1 [0002]
• DE 102011109240 A1 [0003]
• WO 0183182 [0037]

Claims (16)

An electrical bridging element (1) comprising at least first and second electrical conductors (2, 8), a reaction foil (5), a first brazing layer (3) and an electrically insulating adhesive (4) supporting the electrical conductors (2, 8) electrically insulated from each other, wherein the reaction film (5), the electrically insulating adhesive (4) and the first solder layer (3) between the electrical conductors (2, 8) are arranged such that the reaction film (5) in an exothermic reaction, the first Solder layer (3) melts and an electrically conductive connection between the electrical conductors (2, 8) is produced. Electrical bridging element (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (4) is arranged in a plane between the electrical conductors (2, 8) and has at least one recess (40) which is designed such that the first solder layer (11) melted during the exothermic reaction ( 3) flows through the recess (40) and the electrical conductors (2, 8) electrically conductively connects to each other. Electrical bridging element (1) according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (4) comprises electrically insulating particles, in particular wherein the electrically insulating particles are rounded, preferably spherical, executed, and / or in particular wherein the electrically insulating particles ceramic, preferably glass. Electric bridging element (1) according to one of Claims 2 to 3 , characterized in that between the reaction foil (5) and the first solder layer (3) an electrically conductive adhesive is arranged, which connects the reaction foil (5) and the first solder layer (3) positively and electrically conductive. Electrical bridging element (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction film (5) between the first solder layer (3) and an electrically insulating insulating layer (6), in particular an insulating film is arranged, wherein the insulating layer (6) by means of the electrically insulating adhesive (4) with at least one the electrical conductor (2, 8) is at least partially positively connected, wherein the insulating layer (6), the reaction foil (5), the electrically insulating adhesive (4) and the first solder layer (3) between the electrical conductors (2, 8 ) are arranged so that the reaction film (5) in an exothermic reaction melts the first solder layer (3) and an electrically conductive connection between the electrical conductors (2, 8) is produced. Electrical bridging element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (4) is arranged between the electrical conductors (2, 8) such that the reaction film (5) is enclosed in a fluid-tight manner by the electrically insulating adhesive ( 4) and the electrical conductors (2, 8). Electrical bridging element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first solder layer (3) is arranged between the reaction film (5) and the first conductor (2), wherein the reaction film (5) by means of the electrically insulating adhesive (4 ) is at least partially positively connected with at least one of the electrical conductors (2, 8). Electrical bridging element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical bridging element (1) has a second solder layer (8) which is arranged between the second electrical conductor (8) and the reaction foil (5). Electrical bridging element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical bridging element (1) has an activating element which is set up to activate the reaction foil (5), in particular wherein the activating element is designed as an electrical or thermal activating element or as a light source is. Electrical bridging element (1) according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the activation element comprises a voltage source, a contacting means and a switching element, wherein a first terminal of the voltage source to the first electrical conductor (2) is electrically connected, wherein the first electrical conductor (2) is electrically conductive with the reaction film ( 5), wherein a second terminal of the voltage source by means of the contacting means, in particular a tip, and the switching element, in particular a MOSFET switch, is electrically conductively connected to the reaction foil (5), such that the reaction foil (5) can be activated. Electrical bridging element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second electrical conductors (2, 8) each have at least one notch, which is adapted to a tensioning device (10), in particular a spring element (30) Partial capture of the electrical bridging element (1). Method for producing an electrical bridging element (1), in particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 having one first and a second electrical conductor (2, 8), a first solder layer (3), an electrically insulating adhesive (4) and a reaction film (5), comprising the temporally successive method steps: wherein in a first method step the first solder layer (3 ) is arranged on a surface of the first electrical conductor (4), wherein in a second method step, the reaction foil (5) by means of the electrically insulating adhesive (4) with the first and / or second electrical conductor (2, 8) is positively connected, wherein in a third method step, the electrical conductors (2, 8) are pressed against one another by means of a clamping device (10), wherein in a fourth method step, the electrically insulating adhesive (4) is cured. Method according to Claim 12 , characterized in that in a fifth method step, the tensioning device (10) is removed. Method according to Claim 12 or 13 , characterized in that in the second process step, an insulating layer (6) between the reaction foil (5) and the second electrical conductor (8) is arranged. Electrical energy storage having at least one energy storage cell and at least one electrical bridging element (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that the electrical bridging element (1) is arranged in parallel with at least one energy storage cell of the energy store. Device and / or vehicle having at least one energy storage Claim 15 ,

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