DE102017211999A1 - Control arrangement, cell arrangement and working device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a control arrangement (50) for at least one fast discharge unit (30) of a battery cell (10), comprising (i) a trigger section (51) for controlling the operation of the fast discharge unit (30) in response to the presence or absence of a fast discharge state and configured to be connected or connectable to the quick discharge unit (30), and (ii) a detection section (55) arranged to detect and signalize the presence or absence of a quick discharge state to the control section (51) which is identical are electronic components whose specific functionality is defined as a trigger section (51) or as a detection section (55) by a respective and for the functionality specific external connection circuit.

Description

State of the art

The present invention relates to a control arrangement, in particular for at least one rapid discharge unit of a battery cell, a cell arrangement, in particular a cell module or a battery, and a working device, in particular a vehicle.

The recent development in the field of electronic industry and the like has heightened the demand for mobile electronic devices with high performance and compact design. Such electronic devices require batteries with a high capacity and energy density. Batteries rich in nickel and / or lithium are particularly suitable in this area. However, such batteries are problematic in case of malfunction or incorrect use of the battery, because under certain circumstances, error situations could occur, for example, the so-called degassing or the development of excessive heat to the formation of fire or explosion.

DE 10 2013 204 510 A1 describes an electrically intrinsically safe battery module with ultrafast discharge circuit and a method for monitoring a battery module. The US 2012/0187914 discloses a control method for a battery system with increased safety.

To avoid such errors battery cells are often equipped with so-called fast discharge units or Schnellabschalteinrichtungen, especially in connection with certain separators within the underlying electrochemical part of the battery cell. Such a fast discharge unit may be configured to discharge the electrochemical part via a resistor that makes electrical connection between the cell terminals so that the amount of energy stored in the electrochemical part is reduced. At the same time the temperature of the electrochemical part and in particular of the separator is increased, whereby this is at least partially impermeable for certain types of ions. In this way, an irreversible passivation of the underlying battery cell occurs.

The problem with conventional cell assemblies, cell modules or batteries is the need to provide different modules on the one hand to be able to measure and detect a hazardous condition and on the other hand to be able to control fast discharge units. This leads to increased development and production costs.

Disclosure of the invention

In contrast, the control arrangement according to the invention with the features of independent claim 1 has the advantage that the various control functionalities can be realized with a reduced number of structural components. This is achieved according to the invention by the features of independent claim 1, by providing a control arrangement for at least one fast discharge unit of a battery cell with (i) a trigger section which is arranged to control the operation of the quick discharge unit in dependence on the presence or absence of fast discharge state and thereto to be connected or connectable to the fast discharge unit, and to (ii) a detection section adapted to detect and signal the presence or absence of a fast discharge state to the control section, which are formed as identical electronic components, their specific functionality as a trigger section or triggering section is defined as a detection section by a respective and for the functionality specific external connection circuit. For the purposes of the present invention, a rapid discharge state is understood as meaning a state of a battery cell and / or a device to be supplied by the battery cell, which requires a rapid discharging process of the battery cell, in particular in order to avoid a dangerous situation.

The dependent claims show preferred developments of the invention.

The basic concept of the present invention, ie the use of identical electronic components for the detection section and for the trigger section, which are only specified in their functionality by the corresponding terminal assignment, can be realized in particular by the ASICs of various manufacturers listed below in the table and known per se , Manufacturer ASIC AMS AS8506 Analog Devices AD7280 Cellwise CW1165 Elithion EL01 / EL02 Freescale MC33771 Imagi Apollo Intersil SL9208; ISL9216 / 17; ISL94200 / 201 Linear Technology LTC6801, LTC6802, LTC6803, LTC6804 Maxim DS2726; MAX1894 / MAX1924; MAX11068; MAX11080, MAX17823, MAX17830 O2Micro OZ890 Renesas R2A20027, R2A20028, R2A270100HFP Texas Instruments bq series BQ77PL900; bq76PL536; bq76PL537; bq29330 / bq20z90; bq78PL114 / bq76PL102; bq76PL455A Toshiba TB9141FG

In an advantageous development of the control arrangement according to the invention, the trigger section and the detection section are connected or connectable for communication. This is realized in particular by means of a master-slave configuration, a bus, a synchronous serial data bus and / or in the manner of an SPI interface. Alternatively, this is also possible on the basis of a so-called daisy-chain architecture.

The trigger section may have an associated balancing input for connection to a respective rapid discharge unit, in particular to a driver circuit of the respective fast discharge unit.

Alternatively or additionally, the detection section for detecting a fast discharge state for connection to cell terminals of at least one associated battery cell may have pairs of cell terminal inputs and be configured to detect and, in particular, evaluate a cell voltage of the connected battery cell when connected to a battery cell.

The significant advantages of the method according to the invention are particularly evident in connection with the control of a multiplicity of battery cells and preferably in connection with a cell module or a battery.

It is therefore provided in another advantageous development of the control arrangement according to the invention that it is set up to control the fast discharge units of a plurality of battery cells and in particular of a cell module.

The trigger section may for this purpose have a corresponding plurality of balancing inputs.

Additionally or alternatively, the detection section may have at least one - in particular corresponding - plurality of cell terminal inputs.

In a higher level organization, i. In connection with a plurality of cell arrangements or cell modules, the control arrangement according to the invention may be formed with a plurality of support sections and a corresponding plurality of detection sections, which are connected or connectable with each other for communication.

The connection to the communication can take place by means of a master-slave configuration, a bus, a synchronous serial data bus and / or in the manner of an SPI interface and / or in the manner of a daisy-chain architecture.

Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a cell arrangement and in particular a cell module or a battery as such.

In each case, a plurality of battery cells is formed, each of which has a first cell connection and a second cell connection, between which an electrical contact or an electrical connection to a fast discharge unit is formed or can be formed.

Furthermore, a control arrangement according to the invention is formed, which is connected or connectable to the cell connections and / or to the fast discharge unit of a respective battery cell.

• - ersten und zweiten Zellanschlüssen zur externen Kontaktierung der Batteriezelle,
• - einem elektrochemischen Teil, vorzugsweise mit oder nach Art einer Jelly-Roll- und/oder einer Elektrodenstapelkonfiguration, in elektrischer Verbindung mit den Zellanschlüssen, und
• - einer Schnellentladeeinheit, welche mit den Zellanschlüssen und parallel zum elektrochemischen Teil elektrisch verbunden oder verbindbar ist und welche eingerichtet ist, Batteriezelle beim Vorliegen erster Bedingungen zu entladen, indem die Zellanschlüsse elektrisch miteinander verbunden werden, insbesondere unter Zwischenschaltung eines Widerstands und/oder unter Verwendung eines Entladeschalters.

A respective battery cell may be formed with:

• first and second cell terminals for external contacting of the battery cell,
• an electrochemical part, preferably with or in the manner of a jelly roll and / or an electrode stack configuration, in electrical connection with the cell terminals, and
• a rapid discharge unit which is electrically connected or connectable to the cell terminals and parallel to the electrochemical part and which is arranged to discharge the battery cell in the presence of first conditions by the cell terminals being electrically connected to each other, in particular with the interposition of a resistor and / or using a discharging.

The electrochemical part may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte component having an electrically conductive salt component and a solvent component, and a separator.

The separator may be configured to be at least partially impermeable upon reaching a predefined temperature for ions generated or present inside the electrochemical part.

The fast discharge unit may be configured to discharge the battery cell by means of a first current flowing through the battery cell and through the quick-charging unit, by connecting the first and second cell terminals by the resistance of the quick-charging unit.

The resistor may be selected to cause, during the current flow, the first current through the battery cell and through the fast discharge unit to cause the electrochemical part to heat so that the separator reaches the predetermined temperature.

Additionally or alternatively, the resistance of the quick-charge unit may be selected to prevent thermal runaway of the battery cell during the heating of the electrochemical part by means of the first current through the electrochemical cell and through the fast discharge unit.

It is particularly advantageous if the separator is set up such that, when the predetermined temperature is reached, it becomes at least partially impermeable or impermeable to ions present or generated in the electrochemical part. Such a process realized in conditional, but controllable manner one, in particular irreversible, passivation of the underlying battery cell or a plurality thereof.

Within a few or a few milliseconds of activation of the fast charger unit, charge carriers are discharged very quickly, directly in front of the respective electrodes. This leads to a depletion of charge carriers in front of the electrodes and thus to a strong polarization of the electrodes. Within the next 100 ms, in a second step, the charge carriers already present in the electrolyte are discharged very rapidly compared to the reactions of the insertion or deinsertion reaction of the electrodes, compared to the slow diffusion process through the solid-electrolyte interface (US Pat. SEI: solid electrolyte interface) as well as compared to the slow diffusion into the active material. This causes a strong separation of the charge carriers in front of the electrode, whereby a further polarization of the electrode occurs in connection with a strong voltage drop of the battery cell, this leads to a first plateau phase.

The faster the discharge, the better the safety behavior of the battery cell develops. This is because the discharge current drops rapidly and the heating of the battery does not occur locally the damage zone is limited. Therefore, the overall heating of the battery cell is low compared to the local heating in the case of a short circuit.

The present invention further relates to a working device and more particularly to a vehicle having an assembly for carrying out a work process and in particular a drive and at least one cell arrangement or a battery according to the invention, which are designed to supply the unit with electrical energy for its operation.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsvorrichtung mit Fokus auf eine Batteriezelle, bei welcher eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Steueranordnung eingesetzt wird.
• 2 bis 4 zeigen schematisch Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Zellenanordnung unter mehrfacher Verwendung von Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Steueranordnung.

Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of the working device according to the invention with a focus on a battery cell, in which an embodiment of the control arrangement according to the invention is used.
• 2 to 4 show schematically embodiments of the cell arrangement according to the invention with multiple use of embodiments of the control arrangement according to the invention.

Preferred embodiments of the invention

The following are with reference to the 1 to 4 Embodiments of the invention and the technical background described in detail. Identical and equivalent as well as equivalent or equivalent elements and components are designated by the same reference numerals. Not in every case of their occurrence, the detailed description of the designated elements and components is reproduced.

The illustrated features and other properties can be isolated in any form from each other and combined with each other, without departing from the gist of the invention.

1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of the working device according to the invention with a focus on a battery cell, in which an embodiment of the control arrangement according to the invention is used.

In the 1 illustrated battery cell 10 points in a housing 17 an electrochemical part 20 which is formed by a first or positive electrode 21 , a second or negative electrode 22 and an electrolyte component 23 with at least one salt component 24 with at least one solvent component or solution component 25 ,

The electrodes 21 . 22 are in the electrolyte 23 dipped and are passed through the separator 26 separated. The separator 26 has the property of becoming at least partially impermeable when reaching a predetermined temperature threshold from below for one or more ionic species present in the battery cell 10 be present or generated.

The electrochemical part 20 is via connection lines 15 and 16 with the first and second cell connections 11 . 12 connected, which are adapted and adapted to form an external contact, for example, in direct or indirect manner electrical energy via supply lines 61 and 62 a load 60 supply. In this way, for example, one becomes the burden 60 operating device operated. Alternatively or additionally, via the lines 61 and 62 adjacent battery cells 10 or a plurality of battery cells 10 be contacted, for example, a cell module 110 or a cell assembly 110 or a battery 100 to build.

Each of the first and second cell terminals has a connection area 13 to form an electrical connection of the battery cell 10 and its connecting cables 15 . 16 with the fast-charging unit 30 ,

In addition, the first and second cell connections 11 . 12 one external area each 14 on to the utility lines 61 . 62 and the load 60 be connected directly or indirectly or alternatively a connection to cell terminals 11 . 12 adjacent cells 10 to accomplish.

In addition to the connecting cables 15 . 16 for connecting the battery cell 10 are at connection nodes 35 . 36 Discharge lines or discharge contacts 33 . 34 at the connection areas 13 formed, namely for electrically connecting the connection areas 13 the first and second cell connections 11 . 12 with the fast-charging unit 30 , This is in turn set up, a quick discharge of the battery cell 10 and in particular of the electrochemical part 20 under specified conditions to avoid a dangerous situation.

As schematically in 1 is shown, this quick discharge process can be realized by operating a discharge switch 32 , which can also be generally referred to as fast discharge element and the electrical connection between the terminal node 35 and 36 for discharging the battery cell 10 and in particular of the electrochemical part 20 causes, via the serially connected discharge resistor 31 which has a suitable resistance value.

On the other hand, the resistance of the resistor 31 so dimensioned that is a discharge of the electrochemical part 20 can be accomplished in a relatively short time, and without the battery cell 10 and their electrochemical part 20 undergo a thermal runaway.

To further support the safety aspects by means of the fast discharge unit 30 be achieved, according to the invention, the control arrangement 50 with the electrical connection of the carrier section provided there 50 via the trigger line 56 proposed.

The control arrangement 50 is designed to be over the trigger section 51 by means of the trigger line 56 and optionally the trigger probe 52 the discharge switch 32 in the presence of certain conditions describing a fast discharge state, actuated to close an electrical connection.

In this way is the control arrangement 50 over the trigger section 51 able to initiate and perform the quick discharge process when certain conditions exist.

The conditions that lead to initiation and execution of the fast discharge process may be seen in context with state conditions or operating conditions of the electrochemical part 20 the battery cell 10 , Additionally or alternatively, external conditions are also worth considering, for example in connection with an accident situation, which primarily initially nothing with the battery cells 10 has to do.

2 to 4 show schematically embodiments of the cell arrangement according to the invention 110 with multiple use of embodiments of the control arrangement according to the invention 50 ,

Every battery cell 10 the cell arrangement 110 or battery 100 has an electrochemical part which, via the supply lines 61 and 62 allows an external tap. About the connection nodes 35 and 36 each is a fast-charging unit 30 with a driver 37 and a discharge switch 32 educated. Via a trigger line 56 and a trigger probe 52 will be at the driver 37 the triggering of the discharge switch 32 causes.

About the detection line 57 is via a first component of the control arrangement 50 which also serves as a capturing section 55 is designated, the state of the respective battery cell 10 detected and by the detection section 55 rated.

Is a fast discharge state of a respective monitored battery cell 10 before, that is, a state in which for safety reasons, the respective battery cell 10 should be unloaded quickly, so will be over the bus 58 the second component of the control arrangement 50 namely the trigger section 51 , caused by a corresponding trigger line 56 attached to one of the battery cell 10 associated balancing input b1 - b16 is connected via the trigger probe 52 the driver 37 to trigger and thus the discharge switch 32 to close over the discharge lines 33 . 34 the cell connections 11 . 12 leading to the supply lines 61 . 62 lead to close each other short, thus the quick discharge process and / or the passivation of the battery cell 10 to initiate.

In the embodiment according to 2 are the trigger section 51 as a first component and the detection section 55 as a second component with each other via a bus 58 , for example, communicatively connected to each other according to the master-slave principle.

According to the invention, the components of the trigger section 51 and the detection section 55 the control arrangement 50 built in the same way as the core. According to the invention, however, by a correspondingly selected wiring of the balancing inputs b1 - b16 as well as the cell terminal inputs z1 - z16 the corresponding specification of the otherwise same components as a trigger section 51 or as a detection section 55 ,

In the embodiment according to 3 are a respective trigger section 51 and a detection section 55 in turn connected by a master-slave bus. In addition, the detection sections 55 adjacent cell modules 110 connected communicatively via a daisy-chain connection.

In the embodiment according to 4 are all trigger sections 51 and detection sections 55 communicatively coupled with each other via a respective daisy-chain connection.

These and other features and characteristics of the present invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following statements:

The object of the present invention is the development of a control concept for fast-charging units 30 for battery cells 10 and cell arrays 110 , especially for cell modules 110 and batteries 100 which can be built inexpensively with high reliability.

A key aspect is the use of standard circuits known per se for various solutions to partial problems.

Every battery cell 10 has a fast discharge unit 30 with a corresponding driver circuit 37 on.

Each component used for the control arrangement, namely the trigger section 51 on the one hand and the detection section 55 on the other hand, is provided with a certain functionality.

The underlying component may be, for example, an ASIC. Each time an ASIC becomes the trigger section 51 as well as the capturing section 55 the control arrangement 50 realized.

The component can typically detect and / or measure between 6 and 16 cell voltages, and typically 6 to 16 individual battery cells 10 , balance.

According to the invention, the same ASIC is used as the trigger section 51 and as a detection section 55 used, so in two ways, in connection with the trigger section 51 become the balancing inputs formed on the respective ASIC b1 - b16 as trigger connections for the fast-charging unit 30 used.

The first ASIC for the capture section 55 has to meet high quality requirements, because measurement and evaluation processes take place in it.

In contrast, although structurally the same structure, the second ASIC for the trigger section 51 be provided comparatively cheaper, since only the balancing circuit is used here.

It can be used the same circuit, optionally with a different housing. It is also possible to use the same ASIC, but without checking the quality for unused functions, for example also without calibration of the cell connection inputs z1 - z16 ,

Examples of such standard circuits in the form of ASICs are listed in the table presented in detail above.

The communication between the first ASIC for the acquisition section 55 and the second ASIC for the trigger section 51 can be done via a daisy-chain link, or by the second ASIC for the trigger section 51 as a slave of a master-slave connection to the first ASIC for the acquisition section 55 is coupled.

Using the balancing inputs has advantages because all quick-charging units 30 are or may be at different potentials. Thus, the entire assembly can not be switched to ground. Rather, a level shifter (level shifter) is needed to all the switches 32 all unloading units 30 to be able to drive. Such level shifters are associated with the balancing inputs b1 - b16 at the component or ASIC of the respective trigger section 51 trained anyway.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102013204510 A1 [0003]
• US 2012/0187914 [0003]

Claims (10)

Control arrangement (50) for at least one rapid discharge unit (30) of a battery cell (10), with a trigger section (51) adapted to control the operation of the quick discharge unit (30) in response to the presence or absence of a quick discharge state and to be connected or connectable to the quick discharge unit (30), and a detection section (55) arranged to detect and signalize the presence or absence of a fast discharge state to the control section (51), which are formed as identical electronic components whose specific functionality as trigger section (51) and detection section (55 ) is defined by a respective and for the functionality specific external connection circuit. Control arrangement (50) according to Claim 1 in which the trigger section (51) and the detection section (55) are connected or connectable for communication, in particular - by means of a master-slave configuration, a bus, a synchronous serial data bus and / or in the manner of an SPI interface and / or - like a daisy-chain architecture. Control arrangement (50) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the trigger section (51) for connection to a respective fast discharge unit (30) and in particular to a driver circuit (37) thereof has an associated balancing input (b1-b16). A control device (50) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fast discharge state detection section (55) comprises and configures pairs of cell terminal inputs (z1-z16) for connection to cell terminals (11, 12) of at least one associated battery cell (10) is to detect a cell voltage of the connected battery cell (10) in the connected state. Control arrangement (50) according to one of the preceding claims, - Which is set up to control the rapid discharge units (30) of a plurality of battery cells (10) and in particular a cell module (110) and / or - In which the trigger section (51) for this purpose a corresponding plurality of balancing inputs (b1-b16) and / or the detection section (55) at least one - in particular corresponding - plurality of cell terminal inputs (z1-z16). A control arrangement (50) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of support sections (51) and a corresponding plurality of detection sections (55) which are interconnected or connectable for communication, in particular by means of a master-slave configuration, a bus, a synchronous serial data bus and / or in the manner of an SPI interface and / or - like a daisy-chain architecture. Cell arrangement (110) and in particular cell module or battery (100), - which is formed with a plurality of battery cells (10), each of which has a first cell terminal (11) and a second cell terminal (12), between which an electrical contact a quick discharge unit (30) is formed or be formed, and - which a control arrangement (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 6 which is connected or connectable to the cell terminals (11, 12) and / or to the fast discharge unit (30) of a respective battery cell (10). Cell arrangement (110) after Claim 7 in which a respective battery cell (10) is formed with: - first and second cell terminals (11, 12) for external contacting of the battery cell (10), - an electrochemical part (20), preferably with or in the manner of a jelly roll and / or an electrode stack configuration (20 ') in electrical communication with the cell terminals (11, 12), and - a fast discharge unit (30) which is electrically connected or connectable to the cell terminals (11, 12) parallel to the electrochemical part (20) and which is adapted to discharge the battery cell (10) in the presence of first conditions by the cell terminals (11, 12) are electrically connected to each other, in particular with the interposition of a resistor (31) and / or using a discharge switch (32). Cell arrangement (110) after Claim 8 , in which - the electrochemical part (20) has a positive electrode (21), a negative electrode (22), an electrolyte component (23) with an electrically conductive salt component (24) and a solvent component (24) and a separator (26), - the separator (26) is arranged to be at least partially impermeable upon reaching a predefined temperature for ions which are generated or are present in the interior of the electrochemical part (20), - the rapid discharge unit (30) is arranged, the battery cell (10 ) by means of a first current flowing through the battery cell (10) and through the fast discharge unit (30), by connecting the first and second cell terminals (11, 12) by means of the resistor (31) of the fast discharge unit (30) in that the resistor (31) is chosen in particular so that during the flow of current it causes the first current to flow through the battery cell (10) and through the rapid discharge unit (30) causes the electrochemical part (20) to be heated so that the separator (26) reaches the predetermined temperature, and / or - the resistance (31) of the quick discharge unit (30) is selected so that thermal runaway of the Battery cell (10) is prevented during the heating of the electrochemical part (20) by means of the first current through the electrochemical cell (20) and by the fast discharge unit (30). Working device and in particular vehicle, with - an assembly for performing a work operation, in particular a drive, and - at least one cell assembly (110) or battery according to one of Claims 7 to 9 , which is designed to supply the unit for its operation with electrical energy.

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