DE102017211315A1 - Plate element, sandwich element, assembly, use and method of making a structural unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plate element (4) in sandwich construction comprising at least one cover layer (6) and a core layer (8).
In order to provide a more stable plate element (4), it is proposed that the core layer (8) comprises at least one planar textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers.

Description

The invention relates to a plate element in sandwich construction comprising at least one cover layer and a core layer.

Sandwich panels are widely used today. As a rule, a sandwich element consists of two cover layers and a core layer arranged between the cover layers. As the core layer usually a light material is selected, for example a (hard) foam, a shaft material or a honeycomb material. This so-called sandwich construction offers the advantage of offering comparatively high stability against bending with low material usage and thus with low weight.

However, previous sandwich elements have the disadvantage that they are less stable to punctual force. On the contrary, for example, a stone thrown against the sandwich element can penetrate the sandwich element.

An object of the invention is to provide a plate element in sandwich construction with a high stability - in particular against selective application of force.

The object is achieved by a plate element of the aforementioned type, in which, according to the invention, the core layer comprises at least one planar textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers.

Aramid fibers, also polyaramid or aromatic polyamide, have the advantage that they are strong and also impact resistant. In this way, the aramid fibers can absorb impact energy. Due to the flat textile layer of aramid fibers, the plate element is advantageously stable against punctiform force effects.

As a cover layer, a layer can be considered, which covers the core layer. Preferably, the cover layer directly covers the core layer. That is, the cover layer is preferably bonded directly to the core layer. Furthermore, an intermediate layer can also be arranged between the cover layer and the core layer.

The cover layer may be an outer layer. Furthermore, another layer, for example an outer layer, can be arranged on the cover layer, in particular on the side of the cover layer pointing away from the core layer.

As a plate element, a three-dimensional element can be understood, which is bounded on two opposite sides of extended surfaces. As opposite sides opposite sides can be understood. Preferably, each of the surfaces has a length and a width, respectively. Preferably, the expanded surfaces are at least substantially the same size, that is, the two surfaces are at least substantially equal in length and the same width. The areal dimension of the plate element preferably corresponds to the length and the width of one of the surfaces.

It is expedient for the expanded areas to be at least substantially at a constant distance from one another, the spacing being significantly smaller than the length and being the width of each area. For example, the distance may be less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, in particular less than 10%, of the length and / or the width of one of the surfaces.

Conveniently, the plate member is flat, d. H. not curved. Further, the plate member may also be at least partially curved. Preferably, a radius of curvature of an at least partially curved plate is greater than the length and the width of one of the surfaces.

The plate element is expediently used for a floor plate of a rail vehicle. That is, the plate member may be a plate member for a floor panel of a rail vehicle. In particular, the plate element can be used directly as a floor plate of a rail vehicle. Further, the plate member can be processed to a bottom plate of a rail vehicle.

As the aramid fiber, a fiber composed of a long-chain synthetic polyamide may be considered, and preferably, at least 85% of the amide groups (-CO-NH-) are bonded directly to two aromatic rings.

For example, aramid may at least substantially have a structure of (-NH-Ar-CO-) _n where Ar is an aromatic radical, also aryl radical. Aramid preferably has at least substantially a structure of (-CO-Ar ¹ -CO-NH-Ar ² -NH-) _n , where Ar ¹ and Ar ² each represent an aromatic radical, also aryl radical.

The aramid fibers can be processed in the textile layer directly (in the form of fibers) and / or in the form of threads, yarn and / or rovings. That is, the textile layer may comprise the aramid fibers in the form of fibers, threads, yarn and / or rovings.

The textile layer may be a gel layer. This means that the core layer is a two-dimensional Geled layer may mainly comprise aramid fibers. As a release layer, a textile layer can be considered, in which the fibers are preferably arranged at least substantially parallel to one another and are expediently stretched over the surface. In particular, the fibers may be present in the textile layer, possibly in the form of threads, yarn or rovings.

It is preferred if the textile layer is a fabric layer. That is, the core layer may preferably comprise a sheet-like fabric layer predominantly of aramid fibers. As a fabric layer, a layer of woven fabric can be designed. In particular, the fibers, possibly in the form of threads, yarn or rovings, woven / interwoven may be present in the textile layer.

Furthermore, the textile layer may be a layer of knitwear. In particular, the textile layer can be a knitted fabric and / or a knitted fabric. That is, in the textile layer, the fibers, possibly in the form of threads, yarn or rovings, knitted and / or knitted present.

Furthermore, the fibers in the textile layer may be intertwined with each other. For example, the textile layer may be a felt layer.

The core layer may comprise one or more planar textile layers predominantly of aramid fibers. If the core layer comprises several textile layers, this can further increase the stability against punctual loads.

As a textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers, a textile layer can be made, which consists of more than 50% of aramid fibers. For example, the textile layer may consist of at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, aramid fibers.

It is preferred if the textile layer consists at least substantially of aramid fibers. In particular, the textile layer may consist of at least 95%, in particular at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, of aramid fibers. For example, the textile layer can consist of 100% aramid fibers.

The aramid fibers in the textile layer may have been processed as continuous fibers. In particular, the textile layer may be made of continuous aramid fibers.

Advantageously, the length of the aramid fibers of the textile layer is limited by the areal dimension of the textile layer. Furthermore, the length of the aramid fibers of the textile layer can be limited by the areal dimension of the plate element.

Advantageously, the aramid fibers comprise para-aramid. For example, the aramid fibers may consist of para-aramid. In particular, the para-aramid is poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), also known as Kevlar and / or Twaron. Further, the para-aramid may have Technora and / or Heracron.

Further, the aramid fibers may also include meta-aramid. In particular, the meta-amaricide is poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), also known as Nomex and / or Teijinconex.

It is advantageous if the core layer has an adhesive matrix. Preferably, the adhesive matrix encloses the textile layer. Advantageously, the textile layer is embedded in the adhesive matrix. For example, the textile layer and the adhesive matrix may form a prepreg material. Furthermore, the adhesive matrix can be applied to the textile layer, in particular on its side facing the cover layer, and / or on the cover layer, in particular on its side facing the textile layer. Preferably, the adhesive matrix is at least partially disposed between the cover layer and the textile layer. Conveniently, the cover layer is glued using the adhesive matrix with the textile layer.

It is advantageous if the adhesive matrix comprises a liquid adhesive. As a liquid adhesive, an adhesive can be considered, which is processed in the liquid state. For example, the adhesive matrix may comprise a hotmelt adhesive, including a hotmelt, and / or an epoxy adhesive. Preferably, the adhesive matrix is an epoxy matrix. Furthermore, the adhesive matrix may comprise an adhesive film.

Preferably, the adhesive matrix is reactive or chemically curing. Furthermore, the adhesive matrix can be physically setting.

Preferably, the cover layer comprises a metallic material. For example, the cover layer may comprise steel. It is preferred if the cover layer comprises aluminum. The cover layer may consist of a metallic material, in particular of aluminum. In principle, the cover layer may also comprise a plastic and / or another material.

The plate element may have another layer. The cover layer and the further layer can be arranged on opposite sides of the core layer. As each other opposite sides of the core layer can be considered opposite sides of the core layer.

The core layer is preferably arranged between the cover layer and the further layer.

The further layer can be bonded to the textile layer using the adhesive matrix. For example, the further layer may comprise a metallic material, in particular aluminum.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a sandwich element comprising the aforementioned plate element and / or one of its developments, wherein the cover layer of the plate member is a first cover layer. The sandwich element comprises a second cover layer, wherein the first cover layer and the second cover layer are arranged on mutually remote sides of the core layer. It is preferred if the second cover layer, in particular in sandwich construction, has at least a first partial layer and a second partial layer. That is, preferably, the second cover layer is constructed in a sandwich construction and expediently has at least a first partial layer and a second partial layer.

The second cover layer may be directly connected to the core layer (of the plate member). Furthermore, the second cover layer can be connected to the core layer via another layer, for example via the further layer mentioned above.

If the second cover layer is connected to the core layer via another layer, for example via the aforementioned further layer, the second cover layer can be bonded, in particular adhesively bonded, to the other layer (for example to the further layer), in particular using an adhesive film. be. If the second cover layer is connected directly to the core layer, the second cover layer can be connected to the textile layer, in particular adhesively bonded, using the adhesive matrix.

Preferably, one of the partial layers of the second cover layer faces the plate element and the other of the partial layers faces away from the plate element.

Advantageously, the first sub-layer is the part of the second outer layer facing away from the plate member. The first sub-layer may be an outer layer.

Furthermore, the second partial layer may be the partial layer of the second covering layer facing the plate element. The second partial layer, that is to say the partial layer of the second covering layer facing the plate element, preferably has cavities. By way of example, the second partial layer may comprise a shaft material, a honeycomb material and / or a foam, in particular a hard foam.

The partial layers of the second cover layer are expediently connected to one another. For example, the partial layers of the second cover layer can be glued together, in particular using an adhesive. The adhesive may be, for example, a liquid adhesive or an adhesive film.

The partial layers of the second cover layer preferably form a core composite base plate. Further, the second cover layer is preferably a core composite base plate. In particular, the second partial layer of the second cover layer may be a core layer of the core composite base plate.

Preferably, the second cover layer comprises a metallic material. For example, the second cover layer may comprise steel. It is preferred if the second cover layer comprises aluminum. Furthermore, the second cover layer may consist of a metallic material, in particular of aluminum. The partial layers of the second cover layer may comprise the same metallic material or different metallic materials.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a structural unit comprising the aforementioned sandwich element and a frame, wherein the sandwich element with the frame, in particular using adhesive film, is glued.

In principle, instead of the adhesive film, in each case also a different adhesive, in particular a liquid adhesive, can be used / used. However, the use of the adhesive film is preferred. Adhesive film has the advantage that it can be used more purposefully and / or more sparingly than liquid adhesive. Furthermore, when using adhesive film, a drop of the adhesive is prevented. In this way, a cleaning of the workpiece and / or tools can be facilitated, performed faster and / or spared. The adhesive film may comprise, for example, an epoxy adhesive.

Conveniently, the frame is closed. For example, the frame comprises elongated frame members. It is preferred if the frame has a top and a bottom. Preferably, the top and bottom are opposite sides of the frame. Further, the frame may have a receiving opening exhibit. In particular, the frame can enclose the receiving opening.

Preferably, the frame is a prefabricated frame. As a prefabricated frame, a frame can be understood, which is already in its final form prior to connection to the sandwich element. Preferably, in the case of a prefabricated frame, the frame elements have already been joined to the frame before being connected to the sandwich element. In this way, an accuracy of the dimensions of the manufactured assembly can be improved.

As a frame, a border, in particular for the sandwich element, be construed. Conveniently, the frame grips the sandwich element at least partially. For example, the frame can surround at least a part of the second cover layer, in particular at least the second part layer. In particular, the framed part of the sandwich element can be arranged within the receiving opening of the frame. Preferably, the frame spans an area, such as a rectangle. The frame can - at least substantially - have the same areal dimension as the sandwich element. Conveniently, the frame is arranged on a, in particular circumferential, edge of the sandwich element.

The plate element may be at least partially connected, in particular glued, to the second cover layer in the receiving opening of the frame.

Preferably, the frame is integrated in the sandwich element. In particular, the frame may be inserted in the sandwich element. It is preferred if the upper side of the frame is covered by at least the first cover layer.

Further, it is advantageous if the underside of the frame is covered by the second cover layer.

Preferably, the frame is integrated into the sandwich element such that the upper side of the frame is covered by the first cover layer and the underside of the frame is covered by the second cover layer.

As "covered with a cover layer", it can be understood that the respective side of the frame is / are covered at least with a part of the respective cover layer. For example, the respective side of the frame can be covered with at least one sub-layer of the respective cover layer. Preferably, the respective side of the frame is / is covered over a surface.

For example, the underside of the frame can be covered by at least one partial layer of the second cover layer, in particular by the first partial layer of the second cover layer.

Advantageously, the top of the frame is covered by at least the first cover layer. Further, it is preferred if the underside of the frame is flush-covered by the second cover layer, in particular at least by a partial layer of the second cover layer. When flush covered, it can be understood when the overlapping layer and the frame form a common outer edge of the assembly. Preferably, the common outer edge of the assembly points away from the receiving aperture of the frame. That is, preferably, the outer edge facing away from the side of the frame elements, which point to the receiving opening.

Conveniently, the top of the frame is the side facing the first cover layer. Further, the bottom of the frame may be the side facing the second cover layer. Preferably, it does not depend on an orientation of the assembly, which side is the top or bottom of the frame.

In principle, instead of the sandwich element, the assembly may also comprise the aforementioned plate element, in particular with the further layer. In this case, the plate element connected to the frame, in particular glued be. Further, in this case, the frame may be an enclosure for the plate element, in particular for a part of the plate element.

Bonding, for example using the adhesive matrix and / or using the adhesive film, may comprise a curing step, for example at elevated temperature and / or at elevated pressure. For example, the adhesive of the adhesive matrix and / or the adhesive of the adhesive film may cure in the curing step.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of the aforementioned plate element, the aforementioned sandwich element and / or the aforementioned assembly for a bottom plate in a rail vehicle, in particular for protection against objects thrown from a track bed. Preferably, the plate element, the sandwich element and / or the assembly is / are further processed to a bottom plate of a rail vehicle.

The objects hurled out of the track bed can be, for example, gravel, ice and / or garbage.

Furthermore, the invention is directed to a method for producing a structural unit, which has a sandwich element and a prefabricated, closed frame. The sandwich element has at least a first cover layer, a second cover layer and a core layer arranged between the two cover layers, wherein the core layer comprises at least one planar textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers. The frame has a top and a bottom. Further, the frame encloses a receiving opening for receiving a part of the sandwich element.

In the method according to the invention, the first covering layer, the second covering layer and the core layer are joined to form the sandwich element, wherein in the joining process the prefabricated frame is integrated into the sandwich element, which is partially received in the receiving opening of the frame when connecting, that the upper side of the frame is covered by the first cover layer and the underside of the frame is covered by the second cover layer.

In this way, the frame, in particular a respective frame element of the frame, from at least three sides, in particular from the top, from the bottom and from a side facing the receiving opening of the frame, of the sandwich element (or its layers) to be enclosed. Furthermore, in this way the connection between the frame and the sandwich element can be particularly durable. Furthermore, in this way the flow properties of the component can be particularly favorable.

The unit may be the aforementioned unit. The frame may be the aforementioned frame. Further, the sandwich element may be the aforementioned sandwich element. The core layer may be the aforementioned core layer. Further, the first cover layer may be the aforementioned first cover layer. Furthermore, the second covering layer may be the second covering layer referred to. In particular, the second cover layer, in particular in sandwich construction, can have at least a first partial layer and a second partial layer. Further, the second cover layer may include a single layer, for example the aforementioned further layer.

For example, can be inserted in the connection of the frame in the sandwich element.

It is preferred if, during the joining, the prefabricated frame is integrated into the sandwich element such that the first cover layer, the second cover layer and the frame are arranged flush with one another, in particular so that they have a common outer edge. In particular, at least the part of the cover layers which cover the frame can be arranged flush with the frame, in particular so that they have a common outer edge. Conveniently, the outer edge is the outer edge of the assembly. The outer edge is preferably a circumferential outer edge.

Conveniently, in the bonding of the prefabricated frame is integrated into the sandwich element such that the top of the frame is covered by the core layer. That is, the top may be covered by the core layer and the first cover layer. Conveniently, the core layer is arranged flush with the frame, in particular so that they have a common outer edge.

Preferably, the sandwich element comprises a recess in which expediently the frame is inserted during connection. For example, the first cover layer, the core layer and / or the second cover layer comprises a recess into which the frame is expediently inserted.

When joining, the sandwich element can be glued to the frame using glue. Preferably, when bonded, the sandwich element is adhered to the frame using adhesive film.

Further, when bonding the second cover layer, the textile layer and the first cover layer adhesive, for example, adhesive film and / or the aforementioned adhesive matrix can be bonded. In principle, the second cover layer can be bonded to the plate element using another adhesive, in particular a liquid adhesive.

Preferably, the sandwich element is glued to the frame using adhesive film. Furthermore, the sandwich element can be bonded to the frame using another adhesive, in particular a liquid adhesive.

Expediently, at least the core layer, which preferably comprises at least the flat textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers, at least joined to the first cover layer to a plate element, in particular glued. The textile layer may be bonded to the first cover layer using an adhesive matrix of the core layer.

In principle, it is possible that the plate element is already prefabricated. In this case, a bonding of the core layer with at least the first cover layer can be omitted. The prefabricated plate element expediently comprises the core layer, which preferably has at least one planar textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers, and at least the first cover layer, which are joined together. The core layer may further comprise the aforementioned adhesive matrix.

The previously given description of advantageous embodiments of the invention contains numerous features, which are given in the individual subclaims partially summarized in several. However, these features may conveniently be considered individually and combined into meaningful further combinations. In particular, these features can be combined individually and in any suitable combination with the method according to the invention and the panel element according to the invention, the sandwich element according to the invention, the structural unit according to the invention and / or the use according to the invention. Thus, process features can also be formulated objectively as a property of the corresponding device unit, and vice versa.

Although some terms are used in the specification or in the claims in each case in the singular or in conjunction with a number word, the scope of the invention for these terms should not be limited to the singular or the respective number word.

The above-described characteristics, features, and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they will be achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments, which will be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings. The embodiments serve to illustrate the invention and do not limit the invention to the combination of features specified therein, not even with respect to functional features. In addition, suitable features of each embodiment may also be explicitly considered isolated, removed from one embodiment, incorporated into another embodiment to supplement it, and combined with any of the claims.

• 1 ein Sandwichelement im Querschnitt,
• 2 eine Herstellung des Sandwichelements aus 1,
• 3 eine andere Herstellung des Sandwichelements aus 1,
• 4 eine Baueinheit,
• 5 eine Herstellung der Baueinheit aus 4,
• 6 eine andere Baueinheit und
• 7 eine Herstellung der Baueinheit aus 6.

Show it:

• 1 a sandwich element in cross section,
• 2 a preparation of the sandwich element 1 .
• 3 another preparation of the sandwich element 1 .
• 4 a structural unit,
• 5 a manufacture of the unit 4 .
• 6 another unit and
• 7 a manufacture of the unit 6 ,

1 shows a sandwich element 2 schematically in cross section. The sandwich element 2 is constructed in sandwich construction. The sandwich element 2 comprises a plate element 4 , which in turn is a cover layer 6 and a core layer 8th having. The core layer 8th comprises at least one flat textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers. In this embodiment, the textile layer consists at least substantially of aramid fibers, in particular at least 99% of aramid fibers. For example, the textile layer may be a fabric layer, so that the aramid fibers are woven / interwoven in the textile layer. In addition, the core layer indicates 8th an adhesive matrix in which the textile layer is embedded. The first cover layer 6 may for example consist of aluminum.

The sandwich element 2 includes a second cover layer 10 , wherein the first cover layer 6 and the second cover layer 10 mutually remote sides of the core layer 8th are arranged. The second cover layer 10 is designed as a core composite base plate. The second cover layer 10 includes at least a first sub-layer 12 and a second sub-layer 14 , One of the partial layers of the second cover layer 10 namely, the first sub-layer 12 , is the plate element 4 away. This first sub-layer 12 may be an outer layer. For example, this first sub-layer 12 Made of aluminum. The other sub-layer of the topcoat 10 namely the second sub-layer 14 , is the plate element 4 facing. This second sub-layer 14 has cavities. For example, the second sub-layer 14 a shaft material, a honeycomb material and / or a rigid foam. Preferably, this second sub-layer also comprises 14 Aluminum. The two sublayers 12 . 14 are using an adhesive 16 , in particular an adhesive film, glued together.

The sandwich element 2 also includes another layer 20 , The further layer 20 is between the second sublayer 14 and the core layer 8th arranged. The further layer 20 may for example consist of aluminum. The further layer 20 is using an adhesive 16 , in particular an adhesive film, with the second part-layer 14 bonded. Moreover, both the another layer 20 as well as the first cover layer 6 using the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th with the textile layer of the core layer 8th connected, in particular glued.

The further layer 20 For example, another layer of the plate member 4 to be (cf. 2 ). In addition, the other layer 20 another layer of the second cover layer 10 to be (cf. 3 ).

The sandwich element 2 is used as a base plate of a rail vehicle. That is, the sandwich element 2 can be used for a floor panel in a railway vehicle, in particular for protection against objects thrown from a track bed.

Based on 2 becomes a possibility for the production of the sandwich element 2 out 1 explained.

The sandwich element 2 can be produced step by step.

In a first step, the core layer becomes 8th comprising the sheet textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers, with the first cover layer 6 and the other layer 20 using the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th to the plate element 4 connected. The second cover layer 10 with the first sub-layer 12 and the second sub-layer 14 can already be prefabricated (in particular as core composite base plate). Alternatively, the first sub-layer 12 with the second sub-layer 14 using an adhesive 16 to the second cover layer 10 be glued.

In a second step, the plate element 4 with the second cover layer 10 using glue 16 , in particular using adhesive film 16 , connected, in particular glued. The adhesive 16 and / or the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th is / are preferably cured at elevated temperature and / or at elevated pressure. In this way, a firmness of the adhesive 16 and / or the adhesive matrix are ensured.

Based on 3 Another possibility for producing the sandwich element 2 out 1 explained. The following description is essentially limited to the differences from the exemplary embodiment 2 which is referred to for consistent features and functions.

In a first step, the core layer becomes 8th comprising the sheet textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers, with the first cover layer 6 using the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th to a plate element 4 connected, in particular glued.

The second cover layer 10 with the partial layers 12 . 14 and the other layer 20 can already be prefabricated (in particular as core composite base plate). Alternatively, the first sub-layer 12 , the second sub-layer 14 and the other layer 20 using glue 16 to the second cover layer 10 interconnected, in particular glued be.

In the second step, the plate element 4 using the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th with the second cover layer 10 bonded.

4 shows a structural unit 24 with a sandwich element 2 and a frame 26 , The sandwich element 2 can make the sandwich element 1 be.

The frame 26 is closed. In addition, the frame encloses 26 a receiving opening which forms part of the sandwich element 2 receives.

The sandwich element 2 and the frame 26 have a common outer edge 28 , That means here that the plate element 4 , the second cover layer 10 and the frame 26 are arranged flush with each other. Preferably, the outer edge 28 a circumferential outer edge 28 the building unit 24 ,

The frame has an upper side 30 and a bottom 32 on. The top 30 and the bottom 32 are turned away from each other. In addition, stand the top 30 and the bottom 32 of the frame 26 perpendicular to the outer edge 28 ,

The frame 26 Clamps a surface, in particular a rectangle, and has - at least substantially - the same areal dimension as the sandwich element 2 , The frame 26 grips the sandwich element 2 at least partially. In particular, the frame sums 26 at least part of the layers 6 . 8th . 12 . 14 . 20 of the sandwich element 2 one. In this embodiment, the frame sums 26 the second sub-layer 14 the second cover layer 10 one.

The further layer 20 is in this example (analogous to in 2 ) another layer of the plate element 4 ,

The top 30 of the frame 26 is from the plate element 4 ie from the first cover layer 6 , the core layer 8th and the other layer 20 , covered. The bottom 32 of the frame 26 becomes from the first sub-layer 12 the second cover layer 10 covered.

The plate element 4 is at least partially with the second cover layer 10 bonded.

Based on 5 becomes a possibility for the production of the building unit 24 out 4 explained. The following description is essentially limited to the differences from the exemplary embodiment 2 which is referred to for consistent features and functions. Substantially identical elements are generally designated by the same reference numerals, and features not mentioned are taken over into the following exemplary embodiment without being described again.

In a first step, the plate element 4 from the first cover layer 6 , the core layer 8th and the other layer 20 produced. In principle, the plate element 4 already prefabricated. Also the second cover layer 10 (see. 2 ) can either be prefabricated or (from the sublayers 12 . 14 using glue 16 ) getting produced.

In the second cover layer 10 is on the edge 34 a recess 36 for the frame 26 intended. The second cover layer 10 can already with the recess 36 be manufactured or manufactured. Alternatively, the recess 36 in the second cover layer 10 be introduced later, for example, by the edge 34 the second sub-layer 14 Will get removed. Preferably, the frame 26 and the recess 36 essentially a same shape. For example, the frame 26 and the recess 36 essentially an equal height. Next have a frame element of the frame 26 and the recess is substantially the same width.

The frame 26 is prefabricated. The frame 26 will with its bottom 32 towards the first sub-layer 12 in the recess 36 the second cover layer 10 inserted. This will be the bottom 32 of the frame 26 with the second cover layer 10 using glue 16 , in particular of adhesive film, glued. In particular, the bottom is 32 of the frame 26 with the first sub-layer 12 the second cover layer 10 bonded. When gluing, the second cover layer becomes 10 and the frame 26 arranged flush with each other so that they have a common outer edge 28 comprise / form.

Next is the top 30 of the frame 26 with the plate element 4 using glue 16 , in particular of adhesive film 16 , connected, in particular glued. When gluing, the plate element becomes 4 and the frame 26 arranged flush with each other so that they have a common outer edge 28 comprise / form. Next is the plate element 4 in the receiving opening of the frame 26 with the second cover layer 10 using glue 16 , in particular of adhesive film, connected. In this way, the second cover layer 10 gets over the further layer 20 of the plate element 4 with the core layer 8th connected.

In this way, in the bonding of the prefabricated frame 26 such in the sandwich element 2 integrated that the top 30 of the frame 26 from the first cover layer 6 and the core layer 8th and the other layer 20 is covered and the underside ( 32 ) of the frame ( 26 ) from the second cover layer ( 10 ) is covered.

The adhesive 16 and / or the adhesive matrix can then be cured or hardened.

6 shows another unit 38 with a sandwich element 2 and a frame 26 , The sandwich element 2 can make the sandwich element 1 be. The following description is essentially limited to the differences from the exemplary embodiment 4 and 5 which is referred to for consistent features and functions. Substantially identical elements are generally designated by the same reference numerals, and features not mentioned are taken over into the following exemplary embodiment without being described again.

In this example, the other layer is 20 another sub-layer of the second cover layer 10 (analogous to in 3 ). In this case, it is possible that the top 30 of the frame 26 not from the next layer 20 covered (as shown here).

In this embodiment, the frame sums 26 the second sub-layer 14 and the other layer 20 one.

Based on 7 becomes a possibility for the production of the building unit 38 out 6 explained. The following description is essentially limited to the differences from the exemplary embodiment 5 which is referred to for consistent features and functions.

In a first step, the plate element 4 from the first cover layer 6 and the core layer 8th prepared (cf. 3 ). In principle, the plate element 4 already prefabricated. Also the second cover layer 10 (see. 3 ) can either be prefabricated or (from the sublayers 12 . 14 , the next layer 20 and the adhesive films 16 ) getting produced.

In the second cover layer 10 can be on the edge 34 a recess 36 for the frame 26 be provided. The second cover layer 10 can already with the recess 36 be manufactured or manufactured. Alternatively, the recess 36 in the second cover layer 10 be introduced later, for example, by the edge 34 the further layer 20 and the second sub-layer 14 Will get removed.

The frame 26 will with its bottom 32 towards the first sub-layer 12 in the recess 36 the second cover layer 10 inserted. This will be the bottom 32 of the frame 26 with the second cover layer 10 using an adhesive film 16 connected, in particular glued. In particular, the bottom is 32 of the frame 26 comes with the first sub-layer 12 the second cover layer 10 bonded. When gluing is the frame 26 such in the sandwich element 2 it integrates that the plate element 4 , the second cover layer 10 and the frame 26 are flush with each other so that they have a common outer edge 28 exhibit.

Next is the top 30 of the frame 26 with the plate element 4 using the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th bonded. This is the plate element 4 in the receiving opening of the frame 26 with the second cover layer 10 using the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th bonded. That is, in the receiving opening of the frame 26 becomes the second cover layer 10 using the adhesive matrix of the core layer 8th with the textile layer of the core layer 8th bonded.

In this way, in the bonding of the prefabricated frame 26 such in the sandwich element 2 integrated that the top 30 of the frame 26 from the first cover layer 6 and the core layer 8th is covered and the bottom 32 of the frame 26 from the first sub-layer 12 the second cover layer 10 is covered.

While the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (16)

A sandwich-type plate element (4) comprising at least one cover layer (6) and a core layer (8), characterized in that the core layer (8) comprises at least one planar textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers. Plate element (4) after Claim 1 formed in such a way that the plate element (4) can be used for a floor plate of a rail vehicle. Plate element (4) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the textile layer is a fabric layer. Plate element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile layer consists at least substantially of aramid fibers. Plate element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core layer (8) has an adhesive matrix, in particular an epoxy matrix, in which the textile layer is embedded. Plate element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (6) comprises a metallic material, in particular aluminum. Plate element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a further layer (20), wherein the cover layer (6) and the further layer (20) on opposite sides of the core layer (8) are arranged. Sandwich element (2) comprising the plate element (4) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover layer (6) of the plate element (4) is a first cover layer (6), which sandwich element (2) comprises a second cover layer (10) the first cover layer (6) and the second cover layer (10) are arranged on mutually opposite sides of the core layer (8) and wherein the second cover layer (10), in particular in sandwich construction, at least a first part layer (12) and a second part layer (14) having. Sandwich element (2) after Claim 8 , characterized in that the second part-layer (14) is a part-layer of the second cover layer (10) facing the plate element (4) and the first part-layer (12) comprises a shaft material, a honeycomb material and / or a foam, in particular a hard foam. Assembly (24, 38) comprising a sandwich element (2) according to one of Claims 8 to 9 and a frame (26), wherein the sandwich element (2) with the frame (26), in particular using adhesive film (16) is glued. Assembly (24, 38) according to Claim 10 , characterized in that the frame (26) is integrated in the sandwich element (2) such that the upper side (30) of the frame (26) of the the first cover layer (6) is covered and the underside (32) of the frame (26) is covered by the second cover layer (10). Use of the plate element (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , the sandwich element (2) after Claim 9 or 10 and / or the structural unit (24, 38) according to Claim 11 for a floor panel in a rail vehicle, in particular for protection against objects hurled from a track bed. Method for producing a structural unit (24, 38), which comprises a sandwich element (2), in particular the sandwich element (2) according to FIG Claim 9 or 10 , and a prefabricated, closed frame (26), which sandwich element (2) at least a first cover layer (6), a second cover layer (10) and between the two cover layers (6, 10) arranged core layer (8), wherein the core layer (8) comprises at least one planar textile layer predominantly of aramid fibers, and wherein the frame (26) has an upper side (30) and a lower side (32) and the frame (26) has a receiving opening for receiving a part of the sandwich element (2) encloses in which method the first covering layer (6), the second covering layer (10) and the core layer (8) are joined to form the sandwich element (2), wherein in the joining process the prefabricated frame (26) is inserted into the sandwich element (2) , which is partially received in the receiving opening of the frame (26) when connecting, is integrated, that the top (30) of the frame (26) of the first cover layer (6) is covered and the underside (32) of the cream ens (26) is covered by the second cover layer (10). Method according to Claim 13 , characterized in that in the bonding of the prefabricated frame (26) is integrated into the sandwich element (2) such that the first cover layer (6), the second cover layer (10) and the frame (26) are arranged flush with each other, so they have a common outer edge (28). Method according to Claim 13 or 14 , characterized in that in the bonding of the prefabricated frame (26) is integrated into the sandwich element (2) such that the top (30) of the frame (26) is covered by the core layer (8). Method according to one of Claims 13 to 15 , characterized in that when bonding the sandwich element (2) using adhesive film (16) is glued to the frame (26).

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