DE102017210226A1 - Energy transfer system for charging rechargeable energy storage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transmitting unit (2) for an energy transmission system (1) for the inductive transmission of energy to a receiving unit (3), in particular for charging an electrical energy store in the receiving unit (3), comprising: a contact surface, which over a field arrangement (FS ) of individual coils (24) is arranged, and a control unit (27), which is designed to control the individual coils (24), so that a regular flow change is obtained; wherein at least part of the individual coils (24) of the field arrangement (FS) is arranged such that the coil sides (241) of the individual coils (24) arranged inside the field arrangement (FS) are completely surrounded by coil sides (241) of adjacent individual coils (241). 24) are surrounded. The invention further relates to a receiving unit (3) for an energy transmission system (1) for inductively receiving energy from a transmitting unit, in particular for charging an electrical energy store, comprising a field arrangement (FE) of individual coils (34) and a rectifier (37) is configured to rectify electrical energy from the individual coils (34) and to provide for charging the electrical energy storage; wherein at least a part of the individual coils (34) of the field arrangement (FE) is arranged such that the coil sides (341) of the individual coils (34) arranged inside the field arrangement (FE) are completely surrounded by substantially coil-side coil sides (341) of adjacent individual coils (341). 34) are surrounded.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to energy transmission systems for transmitting electrical energy from a transmitting unit to a receiving unit, in particular for charging a rechargeable energy store in the receiving unit.

Technical background

Energy transfer systems, such as those used for charging electrical energy storage devices, often have a charging and receiving unit with a transmitting coil or a receiving coil. Such a power transmission system requires exact alignment between the transmitter coil and receiver coil, and offset between the coils across their aligned coil axes significantly reduces transmitted power.

Also, for example, from the WPC Qi specifications coil arrangements with overlapping coils are known, which allow a limited offset between the transmitting and receiving unit. As a rule, however, only one receiving coil is provided in the receiving unit, so that the maximum transferable electrical power is limited.

It is therefore desirable to provide an inductive energy transmission system in which a displacement of the arrangement of the receiving unit on the transmitting unit is possible without the transmitted power being significantly reduced.

Disclosure of the invention

This object is achieved by the energy transmission system for transmitting electrical energy, in particular for charging an electrical energy store in a receiving unit according to claim 1, and by a transmitting unit and a receiving unit according to the independent claims.

Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

• - eine Auflagefläche, die flächenparallel über einer Feldanordnung von Einzelspulen angeordnet ist;
• - eine Steuereinheit, die ausgebildet ist, um die Einzelspulen anzusteuern, so dass eine regelmäßige Flussänderung erhalten wird;

wobei zumindest ein Teil der Einzelspulen der Feldanordnung so angeordnet ist, dass die Spulenseiten der im Inneren der Feldanordnung angeordneten Einzelspulen vollständig von im Wesentlichen zwischenraumlos anliegenden Spulenseiten benachbarter Einzelspulen umgeben sind.According to a first aspect, a transmission unit is provided for an energy transmission system for inductive transmission of energy to a reception unit, in particular for charging an electrical energy storage device in the reception unit, comprising:

• - A support surface which is arranged surface parallel over a field arrangement of individual coils;
• a control unit, which is designed to control the individual coils, so that a regular flux change is obtained;

wherein at least a part of the individual coils of the field arrangement is arranged such that the coil sides of the individual coils arranged in the interior of the field arrangement are completely surrounded by coil sides of adjacent individual coils lying substantially without space.

• - eine Feldanordnung von Einzelspulen;
• - einen Gleichrichter, der ausgebildet ist, um elektrische Energie aus den Einzelspulen gleichzurichten und zum Aufladen des elektrischen Energiespeichers bereitzustellen;

wobei zumindest ein Teil der Einzelspulen der Feldanordnung so angeordnet ist, dass die Spulenseiten der im Inneren der Feldanordnung angeordneten Einzelspulen vollständig von im Wesentlichen zwischenraumlos anliegenden Spulenseiten benachbarter Einzelspulen umgeben sind.According to a further aspect, a receiving unit for an energy transmission system for the inductive transmission of energy from a transmitting unit, in particular for charging an electrical energy store in the receiving unit, is provided, comprising:

• a field arrangement of individual coils;
• - A rectifier, which is designed to rectify electrical energy from the individual coils and to provide for charging the electrical energy storage device;

wherein at least a part of the individual coils of the field arrangement is arranged such that the coil sides of the individual coils arranged in the interior of the field arrangement are completely surrounded by coil sides of adjacent individual coils lying substantially without space.

According to a further aspect, an energy transmission system for the inductive transmission of energy with the above transmitting unit and the above receiving unit is provided, in particular for charging an electrical energy store in the receiving unit, wherein the field arrangement of the individual coils of the transmitting unit in vertical planar directions is greater than the field arrangement of the individual coils receiving unit.

Inductive energy transmission systems have a transmitting unit and a receiving unit, wherein by inductive coupling electrical energy between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit can be transmitted.

The area of the field arrangement of the transmitting unit is larger than the area of the field arrangement of the receiving coils of the receiving unit, so that the receiving unit can be arbitrarily positioned on the transmitting unit without the transmitted electrical power varying. This also makes it possible to arrange a plurality of receiving units on the transmitting unit. The fact that the transmitting coils or the receiving coils are arranged without gaps in the field arrangements, can be ensured that a large part of the transmitting and receiving coils overlapping each other, so that the greatest possible power can be transmitted.

Furthermore, the coil shape and size of the coil surfaces for the individual coils of the transmitting unit and the individual coils of the receiving unit can be designed so that a minimum portion, a minimum number or a majority of the receiving coils enters into a coupling with a corresponding transmitting coil, wherein a coupling at an overlap of the coil surfaces transversely to an axial orientation of the individual coils, which is greater than a predetermined coverage threshold.

One idea of the above energy transmission system is to provide both transmitter unit and receiver unit with a field array of single coils, i. H. Transmit coils or receiving coils to form, wherein in at least one of the field arrangements, the coil sides of adjacent individual coils completely substantially abut each other substantially without space, wherein the transmitting coils and the receiving coils have different coil surfaces. The energy transfer between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil is optimal when the coil surface of the receiving coil is completely in the coil surface of the transmitting coil or vice versa.

Substantially distance-free means an arrangement of the coil sides, so that they have a distance from one another which has between 0 and 10%, preferably between 0 and 5%, of the width of the coil side in the planar direction.

Furthermore, the control unit may be configured to detect a coupling with a coil resting on the support surface by means of an inductance measurement on each of the individual coils and to control only the individual coils for which a coupling is detected, wherein a coupling is detected when an overlap of the coil surface of the respective Single coil with the coil surface of the overlying coil transverse to the axial direction exceeds a predetermined masking threshold.

According to a further embodiment, the individual coils of a field arrangement can each have a same shape and coil area, the individual coils in particular having a polygonal cross-sectional area, in particular a hexagonal, rectangular, or triangular cross-sectional area.

In the case of the above transmitting unit and / or receiving unit, the individual coils of a field arrangement can each have an angular shape and different coil areas.

In the above power transmission system, the individual coils of the transmitting unit and the individual coils of the receiving unit may have different sizes.

According to one embodiment, the coil shape and size of the coil surfaces for the individual coils of the transmitting unit and the individual coils of the receiving unit can be designed so that a minimum portion, a minimum number or a majority of the receiving coils sufficient coupling with a corresponding transmitting coil is received, with a sufficient coupling at a Coverage of the coil surfaces transverse to an axial orientation of the individual coils is greater than a predetermined coverage threshold.

According to a further embodiment, the control unit can be designed to detect, by means of an inductance measurement on the individual coils of each of the transmitting elements, a degree of coupling with a single coil of the receiving unit resting on the supporting surface and to control only those transmitting elements of the transmitting unit for which a sufficient coupling is determined. wherein sufficient coupling is detected when a degree of coupling exceeds a predetermined coupling threshold.

list of figures

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Energieübertragungssystems mit einer Sendeeinheit und einer Empfangseinheit;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Grundprinzips der induktiven Energieübertragung von einer Sendeeinheit zu einer Empfangseinheit eines Energieübertragungssystems;
• 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine Feldanordnung von Sende- und/oder Empfangsspulen;
• 4 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Feldanordnung von Sende- und/oder Empfangsspulen; und
• 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine Anordnung einer Feldanordnung von Empfangsspulen über einer Feldanordnung von Sendespulen.

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

• 1 a schematic representation of an energy transmission system with a transmitting unit and a receiving unit;
• 2 a schematic representation of a basic principle of the inductive energy transfer from a transmitting unit to a receiving unit of a power transmission system;
• 3 a plan view of a field arrangement of transmitting and / or receiving coils;
• 4 a plan view of another array of transmitting and / or receiving coils; and
• 5 a plan view of an arrangement of a field arrangement of receiving coils over a field array of transmitting coils.

Description of embodiments

1 shows a schematic representation of a power transmission system with a transmission unit 2 and a receiving unit 3 , The transmitting unit 2 has a support surface 21 on, on or in which a transmitting device 22 to provide electrical energy.

The receiving unit 3 is not fixed to the transmitting unit 2 connected and may be an electrically operated tool or the like. The receiving unit 3 can do this with an electrical energy storage 31 and a receiving device 32 comprise inductively transmitted electrical energy for charging the electrical energy storage 31 to provide.

The transmitting device 22 the transmitting unit 2 includes several transmission elements 23 , of which an example in 2 is shown.

Each transmission element 22 includes a transmitting coil 24 that come in series with a capacitor 25 is coupled to form a resonant circuit. It is a bridge circuit 26 provided by a control unit 27 is clocked controlled with a predetermined switching frequency to short circuit the resonant circuit in alternation and a supply voltage U _V to be applied, which is provided externally from an electrical energy source. Switching the bridge circuit 26 takes place according to the by the control unit 27 predetermined switching frequency. The transmission elements 22 Alternatively, you can use multiple transmit coils 24 be provided, which are connected in parallel and / or in series.

The receiving device 32 the receiving unit 3 includes several receiving elements 33 one of which, for example, in 2 is shown. The receiving element 33 includes a receiver coil 34 connected to a second series-connected capacitor 35 and a third parallel-connected capacitor 36 forms a resonant circuit. The resonant circuit is connected to a diode rectifier 37 connected, the output side with a smoothing capacitor 38 is coupled. The smoothing capacitor 38 may for example be designed as a storage capacitor, for example as a so-called supercap. Furthermore, the output side of the receiving unit 3 be connected to an energy storage for charging.

The individual receiving elements 33 may be connected in series or in parallel to define a corresponding electrical configuration in terms of rated voltage and maximum rated current.

The transmitter coils 24 the one or more transmitting elements 23 can be arranged flat in a field array FS, with all coil sides 241 essentially without spacing or space-free on coil sides 241 adjacent transmitter coils 24 abut, so that the coil sides 241 of transmitting coils 24 which are not at the edge of the array FS, completely at coil sides 241 adjacent transmitter coils 24 issue.

By "substantially without spacing" is an arrangement of the coil sides 241 the transmitter coils 24 understood, so that they have a distance from each other, which corresponds to a distance between 0 and 10%, preferably between 0 and 5% of the width of the coil side in the planar direction.

The area of the field arrangement FS the transmitter coils 24 the transmitting unit 2 extends to, in or under the support surface 21 ,

The receiver coils 34 the one or more receiving elements 33 can in a field arrangement FE be arranged flat, with all coil sides 341 essentially without spacing or space-free on coil sides 341 adjacent receiving coils 34 abut, so that the coil sides 341 of receiving coils 34 not at the edge of the field arrangement FE lie completely on coil sides 341 adjacent receiving coils 34 issue.

By "substantially without spacing" is an arrangement of the coil sides 341 the receiving coils 24 understood, so that they have a distance from each other, a distance between 0 and 10%, preferably between 0 and 5% of the width of the coil side 341 in the area direction corresponds.

In 3 is an exemplary arrangement with hexagonal transmitting coils 24 or receiver coils 34 shown. This allows a nationwide arrangement of transmitting coils 24 Receiving coils are each provided the same shape and size.

Alternative embodiments, which allow as well as hexagonal coils, a gap-free field arrangement FS of transmitting coils 24 and / or receiver coils 34 are square or triangular transmit coils 24 or receiver coils 34 ,

To shape the corresponding shapes of the coil surface bobbins may be provided in plastic or other non-conductive material. Alternatively, soft magnetic materials may be introduced inside the coils to direct the magnetic flux and reduce the magnetic resistance.

In 4 an example of a further field arrangement is shown, in which a field arrangement of different in shape and size of individual coils (transmitting or receiving coils) (octagonal 24a . 34a , quadrangular 24b . 34b ) is trained. It is also important here that the coil sides 241 . 341 as close to each other as possible, as in the areas of the coil sides and not of individual coils 24 . 34 enclosed areas no energy transfer can take place.

The best possible energy transfer between a transmitter coil 24 and a receiving coil 34 exists when one of the two coil surfaces of a coil surface of the corresponding other individual coil opposite and none of the corresponding coil sides 241 . 341 covered. In practice, a relative overlap of the two coil surfaces of between 70% and 90% is often sufficient to achieve a good energy transfer. transmitting coils 24 and receiving coils 34 which are opposed to each other with at least these overlapping degrees are coupled. A coupling between transmitting and receiving coils 24 . 34 For example, if coverage is greater than a predetermined coverage threshold, it may be assumed.

Therefore, it can further be provided, the field arrangement of the receiving coils 34 with a similar or similar pattern to the coil form, but with the receiving coils 34 one of the transmitter coils 24 have different coil area or coil size. In this case, the receiving coils 34 as possible also abut each other free space, so that the coil sides 341 of receiving coils 34 that are not on the edge of the array, completely on coil sides 341 adjacent receiving coils 34 issue.

Furthermore, the control unit may be formed by means of an inductance measurement on each of the transmission coils 24 a degree of coupling with a resting on the support surface receiving coil 34 determine and only those transmission elements 23 with the transmitter coils 24 to control for which a sufficient coupling is detected, with a sufficient coupling is detected when an overlap of the coil surface of the respective single coil 24 with the coil surface of the resting receiving coil 34 transverse to the axial direction exceeds a predetermined coverage threshold, ie, a degree of coupling is detected, which exceeds a predetermined threshold.

To ensure that the largest possible number of coupled pairs of transmitting and receiving coils 24 . 34 is reached, is now provided, the coil surfaces of the transmitting coil 24 and the coil surfaces of the receiving coil 34 to provide with a different size. For example, as in 5 shown in coil surfaces with hexagonal cross-section it is possible for different coil surfaces, at every possible offset between the receiving device on the support surface 21 the transmitting unit 2 a minimum number of mutually coupled transmit and receive coils 24 . 34 to obtain. In this way, with each arrangement of the receiving unit 3 on the support surface 21 always a minimum power between the transmitting and receiving unit 23 . 33 be transmitted.

To save energy can be provided to energize only those receiving coils for a pairing with a transmitting coil 24 is present. A pairing of a transmitting coil can for example be done by an inductance measurement, so that by means of the control unit 27 for each of the transmission coil can be determined whether a coupling is present and whether the relevant transmission coil should be actively operated or passively operated. In passive operation, only inductance measurements of the corresponding transmit coils are made 24 made to detect when a receiving coil 34 in the coil region of the relevant transmission coil 24 passes, ie a coupling is present, so that there is a sufficient inductive coupling.

This determines whether the conditions for a safe energy transfer exist. All adjacent transmit coils are operated in phase so that the magnetic fluxes do not cancel each other out.

A selection of the coil shape and size of the coil surfaces for the transmitter and receiver coils 24 . 34 is made in such a way that always a minimum share, a minimum number or a majority of the receiving coils 34 a pairing with a corresponding transmitter coil 24 go in particular, the grid of coil shapes and sizes of the coil surfaces is chosen so that always a minimum number of receiving coils 24 with corresponding transmitting coils 34 is coupled.

Claims (9)

Transmitting unit (2) for an energy transmission system (1) for the inductive transmission of energy to a receiving unit (3), in particular for charging an electrical energy store in the receiving unit (3), comprising: - a support surface over a field arrangement (FS) of individual coils (24) is arranged; a control unit (27), which is designed to control the individual coils (24), so that a regular flow change is obtained; wherein at least a part of the individual coils (24) of the array (FS) is arranged so that the coil sides (241) of the inside of the array (FS) arranged individual coils (24) completely from in Essentially gapless adjacent coil sides (241) of adjacent individual coils (24) are surrounded. Send unit (2) to Claim 1 wherein the control unit (27) is adapted to detect by means of an inductance measurement on each of the individual coils (24) a coupling with a resting on the support surface coil and to control only those individual coils (24) for which a coupling is detected, wherein a coupling detected is, if an overlap of the coil surface of the respective single coil (24) with the coil surface of the overlying coil (34) transversely to the axial direction exceeds a predetermined masking threshold. Receiving unit (3) for an energy transmission system (1) for inductively receiving energy from a transmitting unit, in particular for charging an electrical energy store, comprising: a field arrangement (FE) of individual coils (34); - A rectifier (37) which is designed to rectify electrical energy from the individual coils (34) and to provide for charging the electrical energy storage device; wherein at least a part of the individual coils (34) of the field arrangement (FE) is arranged such that the coil sides (341) of the individual coils (34) arranged inside the field arrangement (FE) are completely surrounded by substantially coil-side coil sides (341) of adjacent individual coils (341). 34) are surrounded. Sending unit (2) and / or receiving unit (3) according to a corresponding one of Claims 1 to 3 , wherein the individual coils (24, 34) of the field arrangements (FS, FE) each have a same shape and the same coil surface, wherein the individual coils (24, 34) in particular have a polygonal cross-sectional area, in particular a hexagonal, rectangular or triangular cross-sectional area. Sending unit (2) and / or receiving unit (3) according to a corresponding one of Claims 1 to 3 , wherein the individual coils (24, 34) of the field arrangements (FS, FE) each have an angular shape and different coil surfaces. Energy transmission system (1) for the inductive transmission of energy with a transmitting unit (2) according to Claim 1 . 2 . 4 or 5 and a receiving unit (3) Claim 3 . 4 or 5 in particular for charging an electrical energy store in the receiving unit (3), wherein the field arrangement (FS) of the individual coils (24) of the transmitting unit (2) in vertical planar directions are greater than the field arrangement (FE) of the individual coils (34) of the receiving unit (3 ). Energy transmission system (1) after Claim 6 , wherein the individual coils (24) of the transmitting unit (2) and the individual coils (34) of the receiving unit (3) have different sizes. Energy transmission system (1) after Claim 6 or 7 , wherein the coil shape and size of the coil surfaces for the individual coils (24) of the transmitting unit (2) and the individual coils (34) of the receiving unit (3) are designed so that a minimum amount, a minimum number or a majority of the receiving coils (34) sufficient Coupling with a corresponding transmitting coil (24) is received, wherein a sufficient coupling at an overlap of the coil surfaces transverse to an axial orientation of the individual coils (24, 34) is present, which is greater than a predetermined overlap threshold. Energy transmission system (1) according to one of Claims 6 to 8th in that the control unit (27) of each of the transmitting elements (23) is designed to detect a degree of coupling with an individual coil (34) of the receiving unit (3) resting on the supporting surface by means of an inductance measurement on the associated individual coils (24) and only those individual coils (24) of the transmitting unit (2) for which a sufficient coupling is detected, wherein a sufficient coupling is detected when a coupling degree exceeds a predetermined coupling threshold.

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