DE102017202824A1 - Plant for the production of cement clinker and method for operating such a plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for operating a plant (10) for producing cement clinker with a preheater (12) for preheating the material (24),
a furnace (22) for burning the material (24) to clinker with a drive means (30) for rotationally driving the furnace (22) and
a cooler (38) for cooling the clinker leaving the furnace (22),
the method comprising the steps of:
Determining the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker and
Controlling at least one operating parameter of the preheater (12), the furnace (22) and / or
the cooler (38) as a function of the determined particle size distribution and / or the determined mass flow.
The invention also includes a plant (10) for producing cement clinker comprising a preheater (12) for preheating material (24), a furnace (22) for burning the material to clinker with a drive device (30) for rotating the furnace ( 22) and
a cooler (38) for cooling the clinker exiting the furnace (22), the equipment (10) comprising a particle sensor (62) for determining the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker and a control device configured in such a way in that it controls / regulates at least one operating parameter of the preheater (12), of the rotary kiln (22) and / or of the cooler (38) as a function of the determined particle size distribution and / or of the determined mass flow.

Description

The invention relates to a plant for the production of cement clinker with a control / regulating device for controlling / regulating operating parameters of the plant, and a method for operating such a plant.

Plants for the production of cement clinker usually have a preheater, an oven and a cooler connected downstream of the oven. One strives to produce a clinker of high quality and chemical components as constant as possible. This requires a control of the plant depending on the process parameters of the furnace. For example, the parameters for operating the furnace, such as the amount of fuel, the speed of the furnace, or the amount of raw meal to the furnace, are controlled manually or automatically. The properties of the clinker leaving the kiln are decisive for the adjustment of the operating parameters of the kiln, the adjoining radiator, the upstream preheater. Unfortunately, these properties are not easy to determine. This regularly leads to disturbances in the operation of the furnace, such as material shortage or a large amount of approach to the inner wall of the furnace, are detected too late or not at all, which can cause damage to the system. Furthermore, as a rule, due to the changing properties of the furnace product and in particular the nonstationary batch conditions, optimal process control can not be achieved so that the cooler is consequently charged unevenly with regard to the amount of material and properties. But since preheater, calciner and furnace are connected to the clinker cooler on the preheating of the combustion air, a temporally uneven feeding the cooler means disturbances in the operation of the entire system. This inevitably starts to vibrate and requires control technology interventions. If these oscillations are still easy to control with the use of fossil fuels or with regard to the combustion properties of homogeneous fuels through minor manual intervention, the combustion of inhomogeneous fuels, which today are also used extensively on the top burner, is considered to be a matter of plant operation is characterized by very frequent interventions. As a result, additional disturbances occur which can superimpose and possibly amplify the disturbances caused by the furnace operation.

A regulation of operating parameters as a function of the heat energy emitted by the clinker downstream of the furnace is from the DE3607261C2 known. In this case, the furnace operation is characterized by the radiation of the furnace-falling product stream and adjusted in dependence of this parameter, the fuel supply. With this parameter, the kiln operation is only parameterized very inaccurately.

On this basis, it is an object of the present invention to provide a plant for the production of cement, in particular cement clinker, as well as a method for operating such a system, wherein disturbances in the oven are detected and remedied in time.

This object is achieved by methods for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker with the features of independent method claim 1 and by a plant for the production of cement clinker with the features of the independent apparatus claim 10. Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.

A method for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker according to a first aspect comprises determining the particle size distribution, the mass flow and / or the temperature of the clinker and controlling / regulating at least one operating parameter of the preheater, the furnace and / or the radiator depending on determined particle size distribution and / or the determined mass flow. The plant for the production of cement clinker has at least one preheater for preheating the material, an oven, in particular a rotary kiln, for burning the material to clinker with a drive device for rotating the furnace and a cooler for cooling the clinker leaving the kiln.

The particle size distribution of the clinker is often referred to as grain size distribution. In particular, the movement speed of the particles of the clinker is additionally determined. To determine the mass flow, the particle size distribution and the movement speed are determined, for example, and the mass flow of the clinker determined therefrom. In particular, the temperature of the clinker is determined in addition to the particle size distribution.

In particular, the operating parameters of the preheater, of the furnace and / or of the cooler are automatically controlled as a function of at least the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow.

The determination of the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker makes it possible to detect disturbances in the operation of the furnace in a simple and reliable manner. For example, an abrupt drop in the particle size distribution indicates a material closure of the furnace, with a sudden increase in the particle size distribution Particle size distribution close to batch case in the sintering zone. The particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker allows the detection of continuous disturbances of the furnace operation, which are detected in particular together with the evaluation of further operating parameters of the system.

According to a first embodiment, the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow and / or the temperature within the furnace or in the flow direction of the clinker following the furnace are determined. For example, the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow within the furnace, in particular in a region of the furnace outlet or in the sintering zone, preferably in a range between 0 to 1 times the clear width of the furnace inside diameter determined. In particular, the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow is determined following the furnace, preferably before the clinker enters the clinker cooler. This makes it possible to adjust the operating parameters of the cooler following the furnace as a function of the clinker properties which were determined directly in the direction of flow of the clinker upstream of the cooler. Faults in the furnace operation can be determined very reliably by an analysis of the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow, so that a corresponding regulation / control of the system, in particular the firing device of the furnace , the preheater and / or the radiator, for example, can be done automatically.

The particle size distribution and / or the mass flow or the temperature of the clinker are determined by means of an optical measuring method. For example, the optical measuring method is based on an evaluation of near-, medium- and long-wave infrared radiation (NIR, MIR and FIR). The optical sensor comprises, for example, a camera, in particular a high-resolution (HD) camera. For example, the camera is designed such that it determines the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow by means of the visible to the human eye light range with a wavelength between 400 - 700nm. The particle size distribution and / or the mass flow are determined, for example, by means of a laser measurement method.

In particular, only a part of the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the particles of the clinker is determined by means of the optical measuring method, preferably the particles having a particle size greater than 1 mm, preferably greater than 10 mm, most preferably greater than 20 mm for evaluating the particle size distribution and / or Mass flow, in particular the speed of movement of the particles, are used. Particles with a smaller particle size are preferably not detected by the particle sensor.

The preheater has according to another embodiment, a fan, wherein an operating parameter of the preheater, the speed of the fan comprises. The fan is arranged, for example, in the region of the gas outlet of the preheater or downstream of the gas outlet. About the speed or flap position of the fan, the flow rate of the gas within the preheater and necessary for the combustion can be removed from the radiator combustion air quantity. In response to the determined particle size distribution and / or the mass flow, in particular in response to the changed fuel supply to the furnace, the speed of the fan is controlled so that a sufficient amount of combustion air is available to the furnace and calciner.

An operating parameter of the furnace according to another embodiment includes the fuel supply to the furnace and / or the speed of the furnace. In particular, the fuel supply to the furnace and the speed of the furnace have an influence on the temperature within the furnace, the buildup and the properties of the clinker fired in the furnace. An operating parameter of the furnace also includes, for example, the flame length or the diameter of the flame of the burner of the furnace. In particular, the flame length and / or the diameter of the flame is set via mechanical adjusting mechanisms on the burner mime, for example by means of nozzles or swirling bodies, such as disks with inclined plates. Another operating parameter of the furnace includes the amount of primary air supplied to the burner. Control of these parameters allows rapid intervention in the furnace process in the event of a fault or set point deviations from kiln operation parameters of the kiln operation.

Preferably, the chemical composition of the raw meal is determined upon entry into or within the preheater. The fuel supply to the furnace is changed in particular in response to falling below a certain threshold value of the particle size distribution or the mass flow.

The clinker is transported according to a further embodiment along the radiator with a conveying speed and cooled by means of a cooling air flow, wherein an operating parameter of the radiator, the conveying speed and / or Cooling air flow is. Preferably, the cooler has at least one conveyor bottom, on which rests the clinker to be cooled and flows through the cooling air flow for cooling. A control / regulation of the conveying speed has an influence on the residence time of the clinker within the cooler. If, for example, a coarse particle size distribution and / or a low mass flow of the clinker is determined by means of the particle sensor, the conveying speed is reduced, so that the residence time of the clinker in the cooler is increased and the clinker is optimally cooled at the outlet from the cooler.

The time required for cooling the clinker residence time in the cooler is controlled according to a further embodiment, depending on the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow / regulated. This leads to a homogenization of the amount of heat supplied to the furnace and in particular prevents damage to the radiator of the following components of the system by high temperature loads.

The air pressure within the cooler is determined according to a further embodiment by means of a pressure sensor, wherein the conveying speed and / or the cooling air flow is controlled / regulated as a function of the determined air pressure signal. In particular, a pressure measuring device is used which is designed to evaluate measured pressure measuring signals having a frequency of more than 1 Hz, in particular more than 10 Hz, preferably more than 100 Hz, and to determine the fluctuation range of the measuring signals. The change in the clinker granulometry of the clinker resting on the conveyor bottom of the cooler is preferably determined from the fluctuation range of the measuring signals of the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is arranged in particular below the conveyor floor and in the flow direction of the cooling air flow in front of the conveyor floor. A pressure measurement within the cooler allows an optimal adjustment of the operating parameters of the cooler as a function of the determined particle size distribution and 7 or of the determined mass flow.

The plant for the production of cement clinker has, according to a further embodiment, a comminution device downstream of the furnace with a crushing gap and / or a plurality of sieve gaps, wherein at least one of the sieve or crushing gaps of the comminuting device is adjusted as a function of the determined particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker becomes. The comminuting device is, for example, a crusher or a grinder, which is arranged, for example, inside the cooler or in the connection of the cooler.

The invention further comprises a plant for producing cement clinker comprising a preheater for preheating material, a furnace for burning the material to clinker with a drive means for rotating the furnace and a cooler for cooling the clinker leaving the furnace, the plant a particle sensor for determining the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker and a control / regulating device, which is designed such that it at least one operating parameter of the preheater, the rotary kiln and / or the radiator depending on the determined particle size distribution, the determined mass flow and / or the determined temperature controls.

The advantages and explanations described with regard to the method for operating a plant for the production of cement clinker also apply to the device for the production of cement clinker in accordance with the device.

According to a first embodiment, the particle sensor is arranged outside the furnace in such a way that the region within the furnace or in the flow direction of the clinker following the furnace can be detected by the particle sensor. For example, the furnace has a disk, in particular a quartz glass disk, through which the particle sensor analyzes the interior of the furnace. The particle sensor has, for example, a cooling device for cooling the particle sensor, so that it is protected from the furnace waste heat. For example, the particle sensor is at least partially disposed within the furnace, wherein the particle sensor comprises glass fibers, which in particular have a cooling device.

According to a further embodiment, the particle sensor comprises an optical measuring device, in particular a laser measuring device or a device for detecting infrared light and / or visible light. The device is, for example, a camera.

The system has, for example, at least two oxygen sensors, for example in the preheater and / or the oven, for determining the oxygen content of the gas flowing through the preheater, the oxygen sensor being arranged in particular in the calciner, between the second and third cyclone stages and / or at the gas outlet of the preheater is. The determined by means of the oxygen sensor oxygen content of the gas is transmitted to the control / regulating device and used to control / regulate operating parameters of the system. In particular, in response to the determined Oxygen content, the speed of the fan controlled / regulated.

The furnace has, according to a further embodiment, a rotational speed sensor for determining the furnace rotational speed. The rotational speed of the furnace is preferably adjustable by means of the drive device, in particular by means of the electrical power of the drive device. Preferably, the electrical power of the drive device is transmitted to the control / regulating device and used to control / regulate operating parameters of the system. The electrical power is, for example, a measure of the deposit formation and the amount of substance contained in the furnace and therefore offers a reliable possibility, together with the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow, to detect a fault of the furnace. In particular, the electrical power of the drive device is determined on a frequency converter upstream of the drive device.

The cooler has, according to a further embodiment, at least one pressure sensor for determining the air pressure within the cooler. Preferably, the cooler has at least one temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the cooler exhaust air. Preferably, the determined temperature and / or the determined pressure, in particular the fluctuation range of the pressure signal, transmitted to the control / regulating device and used to control / regulate operating parameters of the system. In particular, the at least one oxygen sensor, the rotational speed sensor, the at least one pressure sensor and / or the at least one temperature sensor are connected to the control / regulating device so that the data determined by the sensors are transmitted to the control / regulating device.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt eine Anlage zur Herstellung von Zement, insbesondere Zementklinker, mit einer Steuerungs-/ Regelungseinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to several embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures.

• 1 shows a plant for the production of cement, in particular cement clinker, with a control / regulation device according to one embodiment.

1 shows a plant 10 for the production of cement, in particular cement clinker, with a preheater 12 which has a plurality of cyclones. Exemplary are in 1 four cyclone stages 14 - 20 represented by the raw material 24 to go through. In the preheater 12 In particular, the material is preheated. To the preheater 12 closes in the flow direction of the material an oven 22 , in particular a rotary kiln 14 in which the material is fired into cement clinker. With the first cyclone stage 14 is the front of the inlet in the oven 22 arranged cyclone stage 14 designated, wherein the last cyclone stage is arranged at the outlet of the preheater. The exhaust gases of the furnace 22 flow through the preheater 12 in countercurrent to the material flow direction, so that heating of the material takes place, wherein the furnace exhaust gas from a fan 28 from the preheater 12 is deducted. The ventilator 28 of the preheater 12 is arranged in the figure by way of example downstream of the preheater outlet. It is also possible to use the fan 28 inside the preheater 12 to arrange.

Between the first cyclone stage 14 and the second cyclone stage 16 is a calciner 26 arranged in which the material is at least partially deacidified by means of an additional supply of fuel, possibly also by combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber.

In the oven 22 it is in particular a rotary kiln, which is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. For rotating the furnace 22 a drive device 30 is arranged. The oven 22 is slightly inclined to the horizontal, so that the material in combination with the rotation of the furnace 22 around the longitudinal axis, in the direction of the oven outlet 32 is moved. The oven further includes a firing device 34 and an air supply 36 on. About the air supply 36 is primary air, such as ambient air, the firing device 34 fed.

To the stove 22 closes in the flow direction of the material a cooler 38 at. At the radiator 38 By way of example, it is a two-stage cooler with a first cooling stage, the stationary ventilation floor 40 which is below the Ofenauslasses 32 is arranged so that in the oven 22 fired clinker on the stationary ventilation floor 40 falls. The ventilation floor 40 is arranged at an angle of about 10 ° to 35 ° to the horizontal, so that the clinker due to gravity along the stationary ventilation floor 40 is transported. At the ventilation floor 40 it is, for example, a rust, which is traversed by cooling air. For this purpose, below the ventilation floor is a cooling fan 42 arranged. The the ventilation floor 40 flowed through and heated cooling air is then at least partially over the Ofenauslass 32 the oven 22 supplied as so-called secondary air. The first cooling stage also has a conveyor bottom 44 which adjoins the stationary ventilation floor 40 and a floor, such as a grate, and a conveyor for transporting the clinker along the conveyor floor 44 having. At the conveyor bottom 44 it is, for example, a moving floor, the "walking floor" principle is working. The conveyor floor 44 is also flowed through by cooling air, by means of at least one below the conveyor floor 44 arranged cooling fan 46 flows through the conveyor bottom.

The cooler 38 also has a second cooling stage arranged below the first cooling stage with a further conveying floor 48 on, for example, the conveyor floor 44 corresponds to the first cooling stage and also of cooling air of the cooling fans 46 is flowed through. By way of example, four cooling fans are shown in the figure, the number of which may differ. The cooling fans 46 are connected to a common radiator control 68 for controlling the speed of the cooling fans 46 is trained. The below the stationary ventilation floor 40 arranged cooling fan 42 is not connected in the illustrated embodiment with the Kühlersteuerung- / regulation 68 and is operated for example with a constant, comparatively high specific amount of gas, so that in the cooler 38 entering clinker is cooled by the cooling fan sufficiently fast to set a sufficiently high Alitgehalt in the clinker.

The further conveyor floor 48 is so below the conveyor floor 44 the first cooling stage arranged that in the first cooling stage cooled clinker on the other conveyor floor 48 falls. Between the first and the second cooling stage, in particular between the conveying floors 46, 48 is a comminuting device, in particular a crusher 50 , arranged to crush the cooled in the first cooling stage clinker before supplying to the second cooling stage.

The cooler 38 furthermore has a line, in particular a tertiary air line 52 on that the radiator 38 with the calciner 26 of the preheater 12 connects and the so-called tertiary air to the calciner 26 supplies. Which to the calciner 26 guided teritäluft includes at least partially through the second cooling stage and the conveyor floor 44 the first cooling stage heated cooling air. Above the second cooling stage is a radiator exhaust duct 74 arranged over which the in the cooler 38 heated air the radiator 38 leaves.

The attachment 10 further comprises a plurality of sensors. For example, in the preheater 12 three oxygen sensors 56 . 58 . 60 for determining the oxygen content of the preheater 12 arranged flowing gas. The first oxygen sensor 56 is located in the kiln inlet and determines the oxygen content of the entering from the furnace into the calciner gas. The second oxygen sensor 58 is in the flow direction of the gas downstream of the second cyclone stage 16 arranged and determines the oxygen content of the gas between the second and third cyclone stage 16 . 18 , The third oxygen sensor 60 is in the flow direction of the gas downstream of the last cyclone stage 20 and upstream of the fan 28 arranged and determines the oxygen content of the preheater 12 leaking gas.

The oven 22 , in particular the drive device 30 of the oven 22 has a speed sensor that determines the speed of the oven 22 determined. Furthermore, inside the oven 22 a particle sensor 62 arranged. The particle sensor 62 determines the particle size distribution of the clinker, the mass flow, in particular the speed of movement of the particles, and / or the temperature of the clinker. The particle sensor determines the mass flow of clinker within the furnace 22 , For example, the number of particles per unit time, in particular second determined. This is the particle sensor 62 for example, outside the oven 22 mounted so as to cover the interior of the furnace, for example the sintering area, the area of the furnace outlet 32 , preferably the range between 0 to 1 times light furnace inside diameter, beaobachtet and determines there the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow. It is also conceivable, the particle sensor downstream of the Ofenauslasses 32 , between the oven outlet 32 and the radiator 38 or at the inlet to the crusher 50 to arrange. In the particle sensor 62 For example, it is an optical sensor, preferably a laser sensor, which determines the particle size, the movement speed and / or the temperature of the clinker by means of an optical measuring method. For example, the optical measuring method is based on an evaluation of near-, medium- and long-wave infrared radiation (NIR, MIR and FIR). The optical sensor can also comprise a camera, in particular a high-resolution (HD) camera, which measures in the visible light range. In particular, only a part of the particles of the clinker is taken into account by means of the optical measuring method, the particles preferably having a particle size greater than 1 mm, preferably greater than 10 mm, most preferably greater than 20 mm being used for evaluating the particle size distribution and / or the speed of movement of the particles become.

In the cooler 38 are exemplary two pressure sensors 64 . 66 arranged to determine the air pressure within the radiator. A first pressure sensor 64 is below the stationary ventilation floor 40 arranged to reduce the air pressure below the stationary aeration bottom 40 to investigate. A second pressure sensor is below the conveyor floor 44 the first cooling stage arranged to reduce the air pressure below the bottom of the conveyor 44 to investigate. In particular, it is the pressure sensors 64 . 66 to high-frequency sensors, by means of which measurement signals with more than 1 Hz, in particular more than 10 Hz, preferably more than 100 Hz are evaluable. The fluctuation widths of the measurement signals are by means of the pressure sensors 64 . 66 detectable, wherein the Klinkergranulometrie is determined from the fluctuation ranges of the measured signals. In particular, the fluctuation range is with the pressure sensors 64 . 66 determined pressure values a measure of the air resistance of the stationary ventilation floor 40 or the conveyor floor 44 resting clinker, so that the Klinkergranulometrie can be determined from this value.

It is also a temperature sensor 70 provided, which determines the temperature of the tertiary air. An example is the temperature sensor 70 at the inlet of the radiator exhaust air into the tertiary air duct 52 arranged inside the cooler. It is also conceivable, the temperature sensor 70 within the tertiary air line 52 to arrange. Another temperature sensor 72 is at the furnace outlet within the radiator to determine the temperature of the furnace 22 entering tertiary air arranged.

The attachment 10 furthermore has a control / regulation device 54 configured to control at least one operating parameter of the preheater, the rotary kiln or the radiator. For the sake of clarity, only the control / regulation signals are shown in the figure, but not those in the control / regulation device 54 incoming inputs. The sensors described above, namely the oxygen sensors 56 . 58 . 60 , the speed sensor, the particle sensor 62 , the pressure sensors 64 . 66 and the temperature sensor 70 . 72 are with the control / regulation device 54 connected, so that the data determined by means of the sensors of the control / regulating device 54 be supplied. The control / regulation device 54 For example, additional process data, such as the chemical composition of the oven 22 discontinued fuel or the raw meal fed into the preheater, or the drive device 30 supplied power transmitted. The control / regulation device 54 communicates with the radiator control 68, the drive means 30 , a fuel supply to the furnace 22 and / or the fan 28 of the preheater 12 in conjunction, so the speed of the radiator fans 46 , the speed of the furnace 22 , the fuel supply to the furnace, the conveying speed of the conveyor trays 44 . 48 the radiator 38 and / or the speed of the fan 28 of the preheater 12 by means of the control / regulating device 54 controllable / controllable.

Below are some examples for controlling the operating parameters of the plant 10 for the preparation of cement clinker by means of the data determined by the sensors described above.

If the particle size distribution falls below a predetermined threshold value, for example a lower threshold value of the position parameter of a predetermined state determined by means of an RRSB distribution, and the chemical composition of the raw meal is substantially constant, the fuel quantity becomes the calciner 26 and / or the oven 22 by the controller 54 elevated. If the heated raw meal has a constant degree of deacidification and decreases the temperature of the clinker within the furnace, in particular within the sintering zone, the fuel supply to the furnace 22 by the control device 54 elevated.

A decrease in the particle size distribution means a decrease in the number of large clinker particles, which is an indicator of too low a fuel supply to the furnace 22 or the calciner 26 when the chemical composition of the raw meal is substantially constant with certain variations in lime content, alumina and silicate modulus. For example, this can cause the approach in the sintering zone of the furnace 22 , partially or completely breaks down, causing disruption to the overall process of cement clinker production, which can cause a short-term loss of production or prolonged downtime. An automatic response to the reduction in the number of coarse particles reliably prevents such interference.

If the particle size distribution exceeds a predetermined threshold value, for example an upper threshold value of the positional parameter of a predetermined state determined by means of an RRSB distribution, and exceeds that of the drive device 30 supplied electric current is a certain threshold, the amount of fuel to the furnace 22 by the control device 54 reduced. An increased current at the drive device 30 the furnace is a measure of a high degree of filling or high buildup within the furnace 22 this being from too large an amount of fuel inside the furnace 22 results. If the particle size distribution falls below a predetermined threshold value and falls below that of the drive device 30 supplied electric current is a certain threshold, the amount of fuel to the furnace 22 by the control device 54 elevated.

Decreases the means of the particle sensor 62 determined mass flow, in particular the speed of movement of the particles to a certain Threshold, the conveying speed of the conveyor bottoms 46 . 48 the radiator 38 reduced. In particular, only the conveying speed of a part of at least one conveying floor 46 . 48 reduced. With such a control / regulation of the conveying speed is prevented that the temperature, in particular of the fine fraction of the clinker, at the exit from the clinker is too high and more to the radiator 38 Downstream components of the system 10 can damage.

For example, the cooler 38 divided in the conveying direction of the clinker into a plurality of chambers, each having a cooling fan 46 exhibit. If the mass flow determined by means of the particle sensor 62, in particular the speed of movement of the particles, drops by a specific threshold value, for example by more than 2-10%, in particular 5% in a time interval of 60 seconds, and has this by means of a pressure sensor 64 . 66 determined pressure signal in at least one chamber a small deviation from the mean pressure value, the air flow through the radiator 38 , especially after the stationary aeration floor reduced. For this purpose, preferably the speed of the cooling fans 46 reduced.

For example, the residence time necessary for cooling the clinker in the cooler is determined by means of the determined particle size distribution and / or the mass flow, wherein from the residence time the necessary layer height of the clinker on the conveyor trays and the necessary air flow can be determined. It is also conceivable, the crushing gap of the crushing device 50 as a function of the particle size determined by means of the particle sensor, so that the material is optimally cooled in the second cooling stage.

If the particle size distribution falls below a further, in particular very low, threshold value, the particle size is so small that it coincides with the particle sensor 62 is no longer determinable, or decreases the particle size distribution leaps the speed of the furnace 22 by the control device 54 in particular to a minimum speed of, for example, 0.5 rpm, and, for example, simultaneously reduces the fuel quantity to the furnace 22 elevated. The particle size distribution drops to a minimum value or decreases to near zero when a so-called meal shortage results from the dissolution of very large lumps or deposits of material in the cyclone preheater. Another indicator of such a meal closure is an abrupt increase in the temperature within the oven, in particular within the sintering zone of the oven by, for example, 50 ° C per minute. A reduction in the speed of the oven 22 can reliably limit a subsequent flour closing subsequent undesirable operating conditions, such as high dust cycles over a long period of operation associated with poor clinker quality.

If the particle size distribution increases abruptly or exceeds a certain threshold value, the furnace rotational speed is likewise reduced by the control / regulation device 54 to a predetermined, in particular minimum, rotational speed value. In addition, the fuel supply to the furnace 22 reduced to a minimum value.

1. a) Die Temperatur des Klinkers am Ofenauslass des Ofens 22 sinkt
2. b) Die Partikelgrößenverteilung sinkt
3. c) Der elektrische Strom zu der Antriebseinrichtung 30 sinkt
4. d) Das mittels zumindest eines Drucksensors 64, 66 innerhalb des Kühlers 38 ermittelte Luftdrucksignal weist eine hohe Abweichung von einem Mittelwert auf

wird die Brennstoffmenge zu dem Ofen 22 und in der Folge die Drehzahl des Ventilators 28 des Vorwärmers 12 mittels der Steuerungs-/ Regelungseinrichtung 54 erhöht.If the mass flow of the clinker increases by a certain threshold, for example more than 2-10%, in particular more than 5% in a time interval of, for example, 60 seconds and more than one of the following conditions is satisfied:

1. a) The temperature of the clinker at the furnace outlet of the furnace 22 sinks
2. b) The particle size distribution decreases
3. c) The electric current to the drive device 30 sinks
4. d) The means of at least one pressure sensor 64 . 66 inside the cooler 38 detected air pressure signal has a high deviation from a mean value

the amount of fuel becomes the furnace 22 and subsequently the speed of the fan 28 of the preheater 12 by means of the control / regulating device 54 elevated.

1. a) Die Temperatur des Klinkers am Ofenauslass des Ofens 22 steigt
2. b) Die Partikelgrößenverteilung steigt
3. c) Der elektrische Strom zu der Antriebseinrichtung 30 steigt
4. d) Das mittels zumindest eines Drucksensors 64, 66 innerhalb des Kühlers 38 ermittelte Luftdrucksignal weist eine geringe Abweichung von einem Mittelwert auf

wird die Brennstoffmenge zu dem Ofen 22 und in der Folge die Drehzahl des Ventilators 28 des Vorwärmers 12 mittels der Steuerungs-/ Regelungseinrichtung 54 reduziert.If the mass flow of the clinker drops by a certain threshold value of, for example, less than 2-10%, in particular less than 5% in a time interval of, for example, 60 seconds, then more than one of the following conditions is met:

1. a) The temperature of the clinker at the furnace outlet of the furnace 22 increases
2. b) The particle size distribution increases
3. c) The electric current to the drive device 30 increases
4. d) The means of at least one pressure sensor 64 . 66 inside the cooler 38 detected air pressure signal has a small deviation from an average value

the amount of fuel becomes the furnace 22 and subsequently the speed of the fan 28 of the preheater 12 by means of the control / regulating device 54 reduced.

A determination of the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow within the furnace offers the possibility of a simple detection of certain disturbances in the plant, in particular in the oven, which can be remedied by means of a control / regulation of certain operating parameters of the system.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Plant for the production of cement clinker

12

preheater

14

cyclone stage

16

cyclone stage

18

cyclone stage

20

cyclone stage

22

oven

24

raw material

26

calciner

28

fan

30

driving means

32

oven outlet

34

firing

36

Air supply to the firing device

38

cooler

40

stationary ventilation floor

42

cooling fan

44

Live floor

46

cooling fan

48

Live floor

50

comminution device

52

Tertiary air duct

54

Control / regulation device

56

first oxygen sensor

58

second oxygen sensor

60

third oxygen sensor

62

particle sensor

64

pressure sensor

66

pressure sensor

68

Radiator control / regulation

70

temperature sensor

72

temperature sensor

74

Cooler exhaust air duct

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3607261 C2 [0003]

Claims (14)

Method for operating a plant (10) for producing cement clinker with a preheater (12) for preheating the material (24), a furnace (22) for firing the material (24) into clinker with a drive device (30) for rotating the material Furnace (22) and a cooler (38) for cooling the clinker leaving the furnace (22), characterized in that the method comprises the steps of determining the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker and controlling / regulating at least one operating parameter of the clinker Preheater (12), the furnace (22) and / or the radiator (38) depending on the determined particle size distribution and / or the determined mass flow. Method according to Claim 1 in which the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow within the furnace (22) or in the flow direction of the clinker following the furnace (22) are determined. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker are determined by means of an optical measuring method. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the preheater (12) comprises a fan (28) and an operating parameter of the preheater (12), the speed of the fan (28). A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an operating parameter of the furnace (22) comprises the fuel supply to the furnace (22) and / or the speed of rotation of the furnace (22). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the clinker is transported along the cooler (38) at a conveying speed and cooled by means of cooling air and an operating parameter of the cooler (38) is the conveying speed and / or the cooling air flow. Method according to Claim 6 , wherein the air pressure within the cooler (38) by means of a pressure sensor (64, 66) is determined and the conveying speed and / or the cooling air flow in dependence of the detected air pressure signal is controlled / regulated. Method according to one of Claims 6 or 7 in which the residence time necessary for cooling the clinker in the cooler (38) is controlled / regulated as a function of the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plant (10) has a comminuting device (50) connected downstream of the furnace (22) with at least one crushing gap and / or screening gap and at least one of the crushing and / or screening gaps of the comminuting device (50) in dependence which is adjusted by means of the determined particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker. Plant (10) for producing cement clinker comprising a preheater (12) for preheating material (24), a furnace (22) for burning the material to clinker with a drive means (30) for rotating the furnace (22) and a cooler (38) for cooling the clinker emerging from the furnace (22), characterized in that the plant (10) comprises a particle sensor (62) for determining the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker and a control / regulating device (54) , which is designed such that it controls at least one operating parameter of the preheater (12), the rotary kiln (22) and / or the cooler (38) in dependence on the determined particle size distribution and / or the determined mass flow. Plant after Claim 10 wherein the particle sensor (62) is arranged outside the furnace (22) such that it determines the particle size distribution and / or the mass flow of the clinker within the furnace or in the direction of flow of the clinker following the furnace (22). Plant according to one of the Claims 10 or 11 , wherein the particle sensor (62) comprises an optical measuring device, in particular a laser measuring device. Plant according to one of the Claims 10 to 12 wherein the oven (22) comprises a speed sensor for determining the oven speed. Plant according to one of the Claims 10 to 13 wherein the radiator (38) has at least one pressure sensor (64, 66) for determining the air pressure within the radiator (38).

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