DE102017123940A1 - Augmented reality at extruder plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for controlling an extruder installation (206) and / or at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206) and / or a computer (208) thereof by interaction (218) between the operator (223) and the extruder installation (206) and / or the at least one component (217) of the extruder plant (206) and / or the computer (208) thereof.

Description

The invention relates to a method for controlling an extruder installation and / or a component of the extruder installation and / or a computer thereof by means of interaction between the operator and the extruder installation and / or the component of the extruder installation and / or the computer thereof according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a use of the method according to the preamble of claim 13 and an installation for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 14.Furthermore, the invention relates to a system.

From the EP 2 642 331 A1 For example, a display and control system is known which provides additional technical information in the form of augmented reality images to a user. The augmented reality images superimpose a background image representing a real object. The display and control system includes an optical device carried by a user. The optical device may be a pair of glasses or a headset. The augmented reality images are displayed in real time and relate to the item that the user is viewing at a given time.

It is a patent application WO 2007/066 166 A1 which discloses a method for processing and displaying control statements and technical information for a device. Here, a software unit can be configured with selected equipment components of a plant or process. The software unit retrieves information associated with the equipment components of the plant or process. Information can be combined and commented on a display device.

From the DE 102 28 252 A1 a device for setting up and operating an injection molding machine is known. The injection molding machine has a microprocessor-controlled machine control. The operator wears a headset that has means for visualizing machine data. The headset additionally includes a microphone through which speech recognition software converts spoken commands into control commands that can be recognized and interpreted by the machine control.

The document DE 10 2005 061 211 A1 discloses a method for creating a human-machine user interface. The technique generates technical information about a device or process by detecting the identity of the device or process. Depending on the device, a stored image is called up. The stored virtual image is linked to an image of a real device object.

In the DE 10 2008 021 607 A1 describe a system and method for monitoring equipment or plant components. The operator is notified of binaural acoustic information about the location and / or the current state of a component of the system. It is provided acoustic human-machine interface, which extends an existing human-machine interface by including the sense of hearing.

From a document DE 10 2015 204 181 A1 Data goggles are known with which operating parameters can be recorded, changed and diagnosed by bus-compatible or wireless communication-compatible device components. The data glasses comprise wireless data communication and are designed to detect one or more parameters of a targeted device component and to evaluate the parameters by means of a computer program.

Further, a DE 10 2004 050 383 A1 an automation system in which automation components have integrated RFID tags that include a memory with which identification and operating data can be stored.

From the DE 20 2004 004 718 U1 For example, an apparatus for displaying virtual reality (VR) content and augmented reality (AR) content is known. The device can be connected to a computer. There is provided a display device which is movable in space and provided with motion sensors. The display device is provided with a device for inputting images of the real environment of the device.

There are devices are known in which information and parameters can be stored in a memory module of a computer using a keyboard, for example, relate to a technical device. The device comprises a display in which a virtual screen keyboard can be displayed. The user can by touching the display on the virtual screen keyboard act. By acting on the virtual on-screen keyboard, the user can access and work with data stored in the computer.

Previously known devices and methods prove in many cases disadvantageous because the user, especially when working with stored data, when reading parameters and when entering control commands to a technical work equipment manually on a monitor and / or a touch screen and / or a keyboard and / or must act on a preferably virtual mouse. In many cases, the user holds the display in the form of a mobile phone or a tablet while working in front of him in the hands. When working on the display, the user must manually work with different masks and dialogs.

The display is often spatially connected to the technical work equipment, so that the user must be at work on the display in spatial proximity to the technical work equipment. Due to the proximity of the display to the technical work equipment, the user is impaired in his work on the display by the noise and pollution associated with the work equipment.

Known displays, monitors or / touch screens are often firmly connected to the associated technical implement. The user must carry out at least one change of location for the execution of input activities and / or for further inputs, in particular in relation to the technical implement.

Instead of the term user, the invention uses the term user below.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method, a use and a plant, with which the operator can communicate with an extruder plant and the associated components thereof and the computer of the extruder plant as with a human being.

A further object is that the operator can identify the extruder line and the associated components per se and / or areas thereof, and with the identified extruder line and / or with the identified component of the extruder line and / or with the identified area of the extruder line or component can communicate about it.

A further object is to provide a method, a use, and an installation by which the operator of the extruder plant and / or the component thereof and / or an area of the extruder plant or the component thereof can transmit both parameters from a distance in that it is also possible to call parameters from the extruder installation and / or the component thereof and / or from a section of the extruder installation or the component thereof.

By the term "retrieve", the invention by way of example and not exclusively understands "detect", "extract", "extract" and "provide".

The objects are achieved by the method according to claim 1 and the associated use according to claim 13 and the system according to claim 14.

The transmission and / or retrieval of the information takes place independently of a specific location, e.g. independent of a control center.

The present invention relates to an extruder plant, the components of the extruder plant and the production process, with the help of the extruder plant a specific material is produced.

General description of an extruder plant

In the following, an extruder plant with the associated components will be described by way of example.

In the course of the description of the extruder installation and the components associated with the extruder installation, the process steps which are run through to produce a material with the extruder installation and the associated components will be explained in more detail.

The invention will be explained by way of example with reference to an extruder plant which serves for the production of rubber compounds.

In the production of rubber compounds, a continuous extrusion process has a considerable advantage over the established internal mixer processes in terms of investment and operating costs and space requirements. Furthermore, continuous processes offer a pronounced consistency and reproducibility of the product quality, which are much more difficult to achieve in intermittent batch processes. They are also much easier to automate with regard to material handling and process control and regulation. The possibility of adapting the screw and housing configurations to the procedural requirements of different formulations leads to a pronounced flexibility of the extrusion systems (F. Röthemeyer, Kautschuk Technology: Materials, Processing, Products, Carl Hanser Verlag (2nd revised edition, 2006), 413 ). For these reasons, for some years, the development of continuous processes for the production of rubber mixtures with different types of extruders, in particular co-rotating twin and multi-screw extruders, worked.

Nevertheless, the rubber industry is still dominated by batchwise working internal mixers with downstream rolling mills, although these aggregates often have to be passed through two or more times. In contrast, the ring extruder is available as an established extrusion system for the production of rubber compounds in a continuous process. Thanks to very good dispersing performance and a very differentiated adjustable temperature control at a comparatively low rotational speed, the rubber preparation processes can also be realized with larger machines such as RingExtruder 5, RingExtruder 7 and RingExtruder 9, as sold by the Applicant. Due to the exceptionally high surface / volume ratios, a scale-up proceeding from the RingExtruder3 can easily be achieved even with the larger machine types RingExtruder 7 and RingExtruder9.

Starting from the co-rotating, close-meshing twin-screw extruders, an increase in throughput in the RingExtruder concept is initially achieved by multiplying the number of screws to twelve. Therefore, with identical screw diameters, significantly higher throughputs are achieved in the ring extruder than with twin screws which can only be used to a limited extent for rubber preparation. At the same time, however, the mixing and dispersing effect is significantly improved (see above) and the specific energy input is minimized. A further increase of the throughputs is achieved in the RingExtruder on the one hand also by increasing the screw diameter, but on the other hand alternatively the number of waves e.g. be increased further to 18 or 24.

For the first time, the RingExtruder offers the possibility of applying a continuous process to the throughput requirements of the rubber industry. For some time, various ring extruders with a screw diameter of 70 mm ( 1 ) operated successfully in this industry in mass production and replaced both internal mixers and downstream rolling mills. Depending on the recipe, the throughputs are around 1200 to 3000 kg / h.

Nevertheless, this technical orientation involves problems with regard to the process heat, loading of the extruder material, processing of the material to be extruded, which make it desirable to further improve the process flow through the extruder, both quantitatively and qualitatively. but in particular rubber or rubber precursors are affected by RingExtrudern.

• ⮚ Fußbodenbeläge, Gummiplatten und -Bahnen
• ⮚ Gummiprofile, Faltenbälge, Dichtungen, Schläuche
• ⮚ Reifen
• ⮚ Selbstversiegelnde Reifendichtmassen
• ⮚ Dehnungsfugenbänder und Bauelemente im Brücken- und Hochbau
• ⮚ Gummidämpfer
• ⮚Kabelummantelungen
• ⮚ Kautschukbasierte Klebstoffe
• ⮚ Base-gum und Kaugummi
• ⮚ Thermoplastische Elastomere (TPE)
• ⮚ Thermoplastische Vulkanisate (TPV)
• ⮚ Thermomechanische und/oder chemische Devulkanisation
• ⮚ Entgasen und Strippen synthetischer Rohkautschuk-Massen
• ⮚ Mechanisches Abquetschen von Lösemitteln oder Wasser aus synthetischen Rohkautschuk-Massen.

Application examples for the extruder according to the invention and an extruder system according to the invention are:

• ⮚ Floor coverings, rubber sheets and sheets
• ⮚ Rubber profiles, bellows, gaskets, hoses
• ⮚ tires
• ⮚ Self-sealing tire sealants
• ⮚ Expansion joints and construction elements in bridge and building construction
• ⮚ rubber damper
• ⮚Kabelummantelungen
• ⮚ Rubber based adhesives
• ⮚ Base gum and chewing gum
• ⮚ Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
• ⮚ Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV)
• ⮚ Thermomechanical and / or chemical devulcanization
• ⮚ Degassing and stripping synthetic raw rubber compounds
• ⮚ Mechanical squeezing of solvents or water from synthetic raw rubber compounds.

The terms rubber, rubber, rubber material, rubber material and rubber compounds are used in the present application as synonyms.

The term rubber material is understood to mean a material, in particular from the group of elastomers with viscoelastic properties. The rubber material may be based on rubber and / or other rubber-like vegetable juices which, upon drying, preferably harden to plastic-elastic solids through polymerization.

Natural rubber as well as synthetically produced rubber may also be used to practice the present invention.

The rubber material comprises a vulcanized rubber and is known in particular as an elastic and relatively hard-wearing solid.

In the production of the rubber material, the natural and / or the synthetic rubber further solid and / or liquid ingredients are supplied and mixed with this / n. In the present case, mixing is also understood to mean mixing.

Synthetic rubbers are e.g. Styrene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, chloroprene rubber and polyisoprene rubber. The list is only exemplary and in no way exclusively meant.

Such rubber mixtures or rubber mixtures all have a complex formulation with in the simplest case seven to eight components, for special requirements up to 20 components, each tailored to the application.

In the context of the present invention, ingredients are by way of example and by no means exclusively rubber, solvents, plasticizers, curing accelerator vulcanization accelerators, cure retarders, activators, silica, carbon blacks, pigments, fillers, resins, adhesives, flame retardants, ozone and anti-aging agents.

However, they are all characterized in that they are recipe-related, that is to say inherent, components for the production of a rubber material and are distinguished from external additives, such as the separate release agents or coating, wetting or dusting agents known in the prior art.

A release agent in the sense of this foreign admixture according to the prior art has the purpose of separating the particles. In contrast to this, for example, a plasticizer is not regarded as a foreign admixture in the sense of the prior art, but as an ingredient, because it influences the Shore hardness and thus is a necessary formulation constituent of the material.

The selection of ingredients depends i.a. from the application of the material and thus also from the product requirements as well as from the costs. These parameters have a not inconsiderable influence on the choice of the rubber and the reinforcement system.

For tire compounds, e.g. "Silica" an important recipe ingredient. For example, car tires benefit from the reinforcement provided by a special SiO2 system, because this can save fuel compared with traditional rubber compounds that are only filled with soot, and because at the same time the safety performance is improved.

• - Calziumcarbonat für Fußbodenbelage, Dichtungsplatten,
• - Aluminiumsilikat für Schläuche, Schuhsohlen, Profile, Dichtungen, technische Produkte, Fußbodenbeläge
• - Kieselerde für Schläuche, Dichtungen, technische Produkte
• - Calciumsilikat für Schuhsohlen, Dichtungsplatten,
• - Magnesiumsilikat für technische Produkte,
• - Zinkcarbonat für helle Produkte,
• - Kaolin calziniert für Kabel, technische Produkte,
• - silanisierte Kaoline für technische Produkte
• - silanisierte Silikate für Reifen,
• - Magnesiumsilikat zur Beeinflussung der Gasdurchlässigkeit und Chemikalienbeständigkeit,
• - Aluminiumhydroxid zur Beeinflussung des Flammschutzes,
• - Magnesiumcarbonat zur Beeinflussung der Grünfestigkeit,
• - Bariumsulfat zum Einsatz bei Lärmdämmung, Strahlenschutz, zur Beeinflussung der Säurebeständigkeit,
• - Calziumoxid zur Verwendung als Wasser- und Säureakzeptor,
• - Titandioxid zur Verwendung als UV-Stabilisator,
• - Aluminiumoxid zur Verwendung als inerter Füllstoff,
• - Zinkoxid zur Verwendung als Vernetzungsmittel und zur Beeinflussung der Hitzebeständigkeit,
• - Magnesiumoxid zur Verwendung als Aktivator und zur Beeinflussung der Hitzebeständigkeit.

By way of example and not exhaustively, the following fillers are characterized as ingredients. The list below is also exemplary and non-exhaustive with respect to the ingredients as related to the use:

• - Calcium carbonate for flooring, gaskets,
• - Aluminum silicate for hoses, shoe soles, profiles, seals, technical products, floor coverings
• - Silica for hoses, gaskets, technical products
• - Calcium silicate for shoe soles, gaskets,
• - magnesium silicate for technical products,
• - zinc carbonate for light products,
• - kaolin calcined for cables, technical products,
• - silanized kaolins for technical products
• silanized silicates for tires,
• - magnesium silicate for influencing the gas permeability and chemical resistance,
• - aluminum hydroxide to influence the flame retardant,
• Magnesium carbonate for influencing the green strength,
• - Barium sulfate for use in noise insulation, radiation protection, to influence the acid resistance,
• Calcium oxide for use as a water and acid acceptor,
• Titanium dioxide for use as a UV stabilizer,
• Alumina for use as an inert filler,
• Zinc oxide for use as a crosslinking agent and for influencing heat resistance,
• - Magnesium oxide for use as an activator and for influencing the heat resistance.

An example of a low to medium-strength reinforcing system is aluminum silicate, silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcined kaolin, silanized kaolins. A medium to high amplification system exemplify: aluminum silicate, silanized silicates.

An example of the liquid ingredients are the aforementioned plasticizers. These are preferably naphthenic or aromatic mineral oils.

The 1 to 25 show an example of an extruder plant with the associated components.

Likewise, based on the 1 to 25 describes the process steps that are performed in the production of a material on the extruder plant.

• 1: einen Prozessraum des RingExtruders mit 12 gleichsinnig drehenden, dicht kämmenden Schnecken.
• 2: ein Schneckenpaket des RingExtruders mit 12 gleichsinnig drehenden, dicht kämmenden Schnecken.
• 3a-3f: Musterbeispiele für Z-Profile; 3g-h Musterbeispiele für T-Profile
• 4a: Wirkungsprinzip Z-Profil-Elemente; 4b Wirkungsprinzip der T-Profile
• 5: RingExtruder-Gehäuse mit herkömmlicher Gehäusekonstruktion.
• 6: RingExtruder-Gehäuse mit optimiertem Kühlkanalsystem und dünnwandigem Verschleißschutz-Einsatz.
• 7: eine Schneckenkühlung beim RingExtruder.
• 8: Qualitative Massetemperaturverläufe über dem Austrittsquerschnitt beim RingExtruder sowie bei Doppelschneckenextrudern.
• 9: einen exemplarischen Aufbau eines RingExtruders für die kontinuierliche Gummiaufbereitung.
• 10: einen exemplarischen Anbau eines Einwellenextruders als Co-Extruder an den RingExtruder für die Zuführung von Endlos-Gummistreifen im Rahmen der kontinuierlichen Gummiaufbereitung.
• 11: einen RingExtruder-Control mit Bedienoberfläche der RingExtruder-Steuerung.
• 12: einen exemplarischen Anbau eines Fassschmelzers in Kombination mit drei beheizten, gravimetrischen Dosierwaagen als Flüssigdosierungen an den RingExtruder für die kontinuierliche Gummiaufbereitung.
• 13: einen Grundkörper eines Domgehäuses für atmosphärische Entlüftung oder Vakuumentgasung.
• 14: eine installierte Baugruppe (rechts) eines Domgehäuses für atmosphärische Entlüftung oder Vakuumentgasung.
• 15: eine Düse zur Erzeugung spezieller Geometrien; hier: Austrag mehrerer Streifen.
• 16: eine Schlauchschlitzdüse.
• 17: einen Austrag leicht fließfähiger Produkte.
• 18: einen freien Austrag ohne Düse, z.B. für Extruder- oder Kalanderbeschickung.
• 19: eine schematische Darstellung einer kontinuierlichen Gummi-Aufbereitungsanlage mit dem RingExtruder zur Veranschaulichung diverser Peripherieoptionen.
• 20: eine schematische Darstellung der mit einem Ein- oder Mehrschneckenextruder als seitliche Zuführung (Co-Extruder) verbundenen Baukomponenten unter Darstellung der Anordnung der Kühlwasseranschlüsse.
• 21: eine schematische Darstellung einer Konfiguration gemäß 20, wobei ein Adaptergehäuse an den RingExtruder angeflanscht ist.
• 22: eine schematische Darstellung analog zu 20 in einer Ausgestaltung, bei der das Adaptergehäuse in das RingExtruder-Gehäuse hineinragt.
• 23: eine schematische Darstellung der Konfiguration gemäß 22, wobei das RingExtruder-Gehäuse und der Adapter in miteinander verbundenem Zustand gezeigt sind.
• 24: eine schematische Darstellung zu einer Anordnung gemäß den 20-23, wobei die seitliche Öffnung des RingExtruder-Gehäuses, an dem der Seitenextruder (Co-Extruder) angeflanscht wird, einen dünnwandigen Verschleiß- und/oder Korrosionsschutzeinsatz (Thinliner) aufweist.
• 25: eine schematische Darstellung der Konfiguration gemäß 20-23, bei der die seitliche Öffnung des RingExtruder-Gehäuses, an dem der Seitenextruder angeflanscht wird, einen Verschleiß- und/oder Korrosionsschutzeinsatz (Inliner) aufweist.

Hereby show:

• 1 : a process chamber of the RingExtruder with 12 co-rotating, tightly meshing screws.
• 2 : a snail package from the RingExtruder with 12 co-rotating, tightly meshing snails.
• 3a - 3f : Sample examples for Z-profiles; 3g-h sample examples for T-profiles
• 4a : Principle of operation Z-profile elements; 4b Principle of the T-profiles
• 5 : RingExtruder housing with conventional housing design.
• 6 : RingExtruder housing with optimized cooling channel system and thin-walled wear protection insert.
• 7 : a screw cooling at the RingExtruder.
• 8th : Qualitative melt temperature curves over the outlet cross-section of the RingExtruder as well as with twin-screw extruders.
• 9 : an exemplary construction of a RingExtruder for continuous rubber preparation.
• 10 : An exemplary installation of a single-screw extruder as a co-extruder to the ring extruder for the feeding of endless rubber strips in the context of continuous rubber preparation.
• 11 : a RingExtruder control with user interface of the RingExtruder control.
• 12 : an exemplary addition of a barrel melter in combination with three heated, gravimetric dosing scales as liquid doses to the ring extruder for continuous rubber preparation.
• 13 A basic body of a dome housing for atmospheric venting or vacuum degassing.
• 14 : an installed assembly (right) of a dome housing for atmospheric venting or vacuum degassing.
• 15 a nozzle for producing special geometries; here: discharge of several strips.
• 16 : a tube slot nozzle.
• 17 : a discharge of easily flowable products.
• 18 : a free discharge without nozzle, eg for extruder or calender feed.
• 19 : A schematic representation of a continuous rubber processing plant with the RingExtruder to illustrate various peripheral options.
• 20 : A schematic representation of the components connected to a single or multiple screw extruder as lateral feed (co-extruder) showing the arrangement of the cooling water connections.
• 21 : a schematic representation of a configuration according to 20 , wherein an adapter housing is flanged to the ring extruder.
• 22 : a schematic representation analogous to 20 in an embodiment in which the adapter housing protrudes into the ring-extruder housing.
• 23 : a schematic representation of the configuration according to 22 wherein the ring extruder housing and the adapter are shown in mated condition.
• 24 : a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the 20 - 23 , wherein the lateral opening of the RingExtruder housing, to which the side extruder (co-extruder) is flanged, has a thin-walled wear and / or corrosion protection insert (Thinliner).
• 25 : a schematic representation of the configuration according to 20 - 23 in which the side opening of the RingExtruder housing to which the side extruder is flanged has a wear and / or corrosion protection insert (inliner).

The RingExtruder often consists of six, according to the below-described embodiment of twelve coaxial screws 1 in a circular arrangement. All adjacent shaft centers 2 have the same center distance and interlock closely ( 1 ) The screws rotate with identical speed fixed around their own central axis. The motion conditions, at least when considering two adjacent screws in isolation, are very similar to the co-rotating, tightly meshing twin screw. From this it can be concluded that in principle the RingExtruder can not only fulfill all the tasks of the twin-screw extruder in at least the same quality, but is also available for completely new applications.

How out 1 shows, are formed by the arrangement of the screw shafts in a circular ring two oppositely acting areas. The outer area 3 is located between the extruder housing 4 and the snails, the inner area 5 between the snails and the stationary core 6 , While the material 7 in the outer area of a screw to the neighboring screw in a clockwise direction and at the same time is promoted to the outlet, the material transport takes place in the counterclockwise direction in the interior. This results in an opposite material transport in the circumferential direction. These conditions lead to optimal conditions for intensive cross and longitudinal mixing. For this purpose, only a mass transfer between the two process spaces must be realized, for which a wide range of mixing elements is available.

The process chamber unaffected by the housing in the transfer area from worm to worm, also gusset 8th is used in the RingExtruder as a central procedural instrument. In the gusset 8th the product is transferred to the adjacent screw by a flow across the flow. The volume of the gusset creates a three-dimensional expansion flow. This results in a Stoffaauchauch without partial overloads with excellent dispersing, wetting and Homogenisierwirkung instead.

In 1 beyond that is the free space 9 to recognize, which is used for the further processing of the material. This free space is required, for example, if additional formulation components are supplied in the side stream. In addition, this space is important when degassing processes are to be performed. Due to the free space melt surfaces are formed, which are necessary so that the gases can escape from the melt. In addition, free space is needed for the gases to move to the housing openings.

With each screw, two neighboring screws are simultaneously engaged in the ring extruder. The screw surface is thereby stripped twice each time the screw is rotated. Thus, the self-cleaning again designed significantly more intense than the same direction rotating double shaft. This results in the possibility of processing the material in the extruder within very narrow residence time spectra. This is especially true in the performance of chemical reaction processes such as e.g. in the silanization reaction of importance. In addition, the excellent self-cleaning leads to extremely short transition times with material and operating point changes. As a result, the extruder is much faster in a stable production state and the amount of waste is significantly reduced. Furthermore, new material surface is formed during each self-cleaning process. This results in a high surface recharge rate, which is of crucial importance for degassing operations.

Out 2 becomes a snail pack 10 of the RingExtruder with 12 co-rotating, tightly meshing screws 1 recognizable. The extruder housing and the fixed core are intensively coolable.

In addition to the familiar screw geometries of the twin-screw machines, elements of the T-profile specially developed for the RingExtruder as well as the Z-profile technology are available in the form of two- or multi-start kneading blocks or conveying elements. 3a - 3f (Z-profile) and 3g-h (T-profile).

The T-profile elements have an asymmetric cross-sectional area in which an enlarged gap is created between one of the screw flights and the extruder housing. Nevertheless, the elements are completely self-cleaning.

The Z-profile is a purposeful deviation from the self-cleaning Erdmenger profile. Thanks to an intelligent combination of the individual, adjacent worm shafts, the self-cleaning effect can nevertheless be fully guaranteed. In these elements, one of the screw combs has a reduced outside diameter. This creates an enlarged gap between the adjacent screws and between the screws and the extruder housing at this point.

For both types of elements, the increased gaps cause the material transported through this area to experience significantly lower shear rates compared to stress in the standard gap. On the other hand, it is known that in standard games, materials are mechanically and thermally overstressed, especially in this area between the screw crest and the housing surface. This often causes mechanical and thermal damage to the extrudate. In this respect, increasing one of the gaps helps to reduce local shear and temperature spikes, thus decreasing the mean melt temperature and sparing the material.

• Bei den T-Profilelementen handelt es sich um eine Verallgemeinerung des durch Erdmenger im Patent DE 862 668 beschriebenen, selbstreinigenden Konstruktionsprinzips, sog. Erdmenger-Profil.

The Z-profiles and T-profiles are described in more detail below:

• The T-profile elements is a generalization of Erdmenger in the patent DE 862 668 described, self-cleaning design principle, so-called Erdmenger profile.

The 4a shows the principle of action of Z-profiles, the 4b the operating principle of T-profiles.

The 3a - 3c show embodiments of conveyor elements 15 while the 3d - 3f Embodiments of kneading blocks include.

In the Z-profile, one of the screw combs has a reduced outer diameter ( 3a ). Through this return 17 arises at this point, the mentioned enlarged gap between the adjacent screws and between the screws and the extruder housing.

This enlargement of the gap 18 or the reduced outer diameter on one side of the cross section of the conveying element is a standard gap 19 or a standard outer diameter of the cross section of the conveying element on the other side, 3b , Next is the internal toothing 13 to recognize 3b, c , e, f.

The same applies analogously for the 3d - 3f illustrated kneading blocks. 3e shows the enlarged gap 22 the first kneading disc 23 of the kneading block 21 ,

In that regard, reference is additionally made to the Austrian patent application AT 2A A / 608 / 2012-1, the disclosure content of which is part of the present application.

The already mentioned technology of the T-profile is in 3g-h shown. This is particularly advantageous in RingExtrudern. It shows a tight-fitting, self-cleaning profile. The cross-sectional area of the T-profiles is symmetrical. This creates the in 3g - 3h represented screw profiles or kneading elements. The 3g shows the conveyor element 24 , The other conveying element is designated by 25. The comb 26 the first gear of the first conveyor element 24 strips the inner wall of the housing as well as the flank and the core of the other conveyor element 25 substantially dense (not shown) with which it engages. The conveying element 25 has a crest 27 of the first corridor. The conveying elements shown there are each with an internal toothing 13 provided in order to secure them on two unrepresented axially parallel co-rotating waves.

The 3h shows a section of two intermeshing conveyor elements with ring sections and a section of a multi-screw extruder arranged on a circle waves. The conveyor elements 24 and 25 show up 3h Conveying sections, each with a concentric ring 33a respectively. 34a , The size H of the annular gap 35 . 35 ' between the rings 33a respectively. 34a and the dashed housing inner wall is between a 1/4 and 1/3 of the flight depth, or about half of the flight depth.

In the embodiment of an extruder according to 3h shown conveying elements 24 . 25 are rotatably mounted on axially parallel shafts, which are arranged along a circle, wherein the conveying elements 24 . 25 strip each other on the whole circumference. The conveyor elements 24 . 25 consist of conveyor sections with a profile offset by 180 °. In a 12-wave ring extruder, there are 12 conveying elements, that of those of the conveying elements 24 . 25 correspond.

With respect to this T-profile technology reproduced above is also based on the applicant to the applicant German patent application DE 10 2008 016 862 A1 whose content is also fully made the subject of the present application.

4a, b showed for the Z-profiles as well as for the T-profiles that the interplay between the enlarged and the standard gap leads to additional mass transfer. At the same time, a melt film is applied periodically to the metallic surfaces and then stripped off again.

In the in 4a illustrated embodiment of a RingExtruder with twelve coaxial screws with Z-profile shows the reference numeral 28 the black-colored rubber material while the white areas 29 specify the free volume. With 36 the aforementioned standard gap or annular gap is marked. In the area of the standard gap 36 the self-cleaning takes place. The mass transfer gap is indicated by the reference numeral 37 characterized. 38 stands for the (rubber) material coated housing surface.

The material-coated surface of the screw is designated 39. Because the snails 1 Fixed around their own metal axis and rotate in the same direction, as mentioned above, and have the above-described structural design, are also cleaned areas of the housing surface 40 and cleaned areas of the screw surface 41 recognizable.

4b shows an analogous embodiment of the T-profile. digit 28 shows the rubber material, while 29 stands for the free volume. In the designated 42 standard gap area is the self-cleaning. The numeral 43 shows the enlarged gap. Here the mass transfer takes place. The with rubber material coated housing surface is marked 44. The cleaned housing surface is indicated by 45.

In addition, this gap area can be used for process mixing and dispersing tasks. Due to the fact that a significant leakage flow ( 4 ) forms over the screw comb, an additional mass transfer between the individual screw channels can be achieved, which contributes to the homogenization. Furthermore, the area can be used as a shear gap, in which the material is exposed to a defined mechanical stress. This shear stress can be used for dispersive mixing effects, since the shear stresses that occur contribute to the dispersion of particles and agglomerates. This is additionally supported by the fact that the reduction of the comb height in this area inevitably leads to a broadening of the comb. This results in addition to the increased height and at the same time an enlarged length of the gap. This is equivalent to an extension of the gap in the circumferential direction, so that the residence time of the material in the shear gap and thus the dispersive mixing effect can be increased. At the same time, additional expansion flows are generated shortly before the passage of the material through the gap, since in this region the flow cross-section tapers in the circumferential direction. This effect is well known from studies of flow fields in kneading blocks of twin screw extruders. These increased expansion flow rates can be used extremely efficiently for dispersing tasks.

When applying the design principle on conveyor elements, it is still possible to divide the component in the axial direction into individual sections. For each of these segments, the cross-sectional profile may be offset by an offset angle in the circumferential direction, e.g. 180 °, to be twisted. This alternates in the process direction of the conventional and the enlarged gap. Such screw mixing elements are, for example, outstandingly suitable for use in the area of the side stream metering of a ring extruder. In this case, through targeted utilization of the leakage current over the enlarged housing gap, mass transfer between the screw channels with minimal energy input can help to gently distribute and wet the secondary components supplied to the extruder. In this way, for example, the formation of agglomerates of powdered components can be prevented by compression.

Further advantages of such elements arise in the degassing of the extruder. By spreading wall-mounted plasticates on the screw and cylinder surface over the enlarged gap, a melt film with adjustable layer thickness can be produced, which can outgas under the influence of vacuum. After half a turn of the screw, it is forced to be stripped off and then renewed again. Furthermore, it is to be expected that the heat transfer from the melt to the extruder barrel is intensified. This is also due to the formation of a material film and its constant renewal, whereby the heat transfer coefficient can be increased.

In the production of rubber compounds with the RingExtruder whose excellent dispersing effect with minimal mechanical energy input into the plasticizer comes into play. In the case of rubber compounds, extremely high proportions of filler (in particular also carbon blacks and silicates) and liquid components often have to be finely dispersed and distributed. Due to the 12 intervention areas of the extruder screws ( 1 ), the ring extruder unfolds high expansion flow rates in the gussets. These can be used very efficiently and energy-saving for dispersion.

Important here is the relationship between dispersing effect and flow form. In various investigations it could be shown that a droplet separation from a certain viscosity ratio between matrix and droplets is only possible in the extensional flow field. A droplet in a pure shear flow differs in part from the stress with a rotational movement. Therefore, a breakdown at such viscosity ratios is not possible and the mechanical energy input results only in an undesirable increase in melt temperatures. The droplet fragmentation is, however, almost independent of the viscosity ratio in the presence of increased Dehnströmungsanteile. In addition, the dispersion takes place at considerably lower mechanical material stress. This results in addition to the improved dispersion at the same time a significant reduction of the specific energy input and thus the melt temperatures.

Based on three-dimensional flow simulations, it could be demonstrated that the expansion flow rate in a ring extruder is significantly higher than in a twin-screw extruder with comparable output. The increased expansion flow components concentrate in the gusset areas 8th ( 1 ).

Comparing machine types under identical conditions resulted in an integral value that was 41% higher on average than the free cross-sectional area of the process rooms. This is due to the strong deflection and compression of the material in the gusset gap and the higher number of gussets in the ring extruder. Due to the increase in the number of screws, the plasticates also go through the gusset areas much more frequently. From this it can be deduced that cutting and mixing processes in the RingExtruder are carried out much more effectively. As a result, a significantly better product quality can be generated at a lower melt temperature. Consequently, the specific energy input into the plasticizer is significantly lower and the production process is considerably more economical.

Rubber compounds produced in the RingExtruder have convincing advantages for articles which are crosslinked by microwave irradiation. In this vulcanization method, polar molecules absorb the radiant energy and thus heat the compound. In contrast, nonpolar substances can not be heated by means of UHF. However, the absorption of weakly polar or nonpolar rubbers can be increased by admixing polar polymers or fillers, in particular active carbon blacks.

The excellent dispersing effect of the RingExtruder leads to extremely small particle sizes of the fillers used and avoids agglomeration. Likewise, finely dispersed morphologies are produced when compounding incompatible rubber types with widely differing polarities. This leads to a homogeneous distribution of the polar mixture components and thus to a very homogeneous radiation absorption in the volume of the product. As a result, local overheating in UHF networking is prevented. As a result, the anode voltages of the magnetrons can be significantly increased. This considerably speeds up the crosslinking process and leads to a huge increase in production efficiency.

The control of the melt temperatures plays a central role in the production of rubber compounds in order to avoid material degradation or unwanted vulcanization. The RingExtruder is characterized in this context by a very high surface / volume ratio. Therefore, based on the amount of plasticizer in the extruder, a very large heat exchange surface is available. Constructively optimized designs of the extruder housing with two or more independent cooling channels as well as the central core with maximum cooling channel cross-section thus allow efficient cooling of the process part.

Particularly noteworthy in this context is the use of innovative wear protection inserts in the extruder barrel (inliner) with minimal wall thickness. In contrast to the conventional inliner constructions acc. 5 allows the thin-walled design to place the cooling channel bores much closer to the process space surface ( 6 ). In addition, thermally conductive materials can be introduced between the main body of the extruder housing and the wear protection insert in order to intensify the thermal contact. In this way, the heat transfer coefficient and consequently the cooling capacity can be significantly increased while ensuring a high level of anti-fouling and / or corrosion protection.

5 shows a RingExtruder housing as well as a thick, thick inliner 47 and a number of cooling holes 48 ,

6 shows a RingExtruder housing 46 with optimized cooling channel system 49 and thin-walled wear protection insert 50 in comparison to the conventional housing construction. The shown RingExtruder housing with double, near-surface cooling channel system and thin-walled inliner is intensively coolable. The cooling holes are labeled 51.

For the demarcation of the in 5 shown thick, relatively thick inliner is the in 6 shown insert due to its low material thickness and small thickness also called Thinliner. The outer contour of the Thinliner 50 For example, in the manner adapted to the inner contour of the ring-extruder housing 590, the wall thickness, even in the gusset region, does not exceed 7%, preferably 6%, particularly preferably 5% and in particular 4.5% of the outer diameter of the screw.

Such a preferred inliner is in detail in the German utility model DE 20 2014 002 902 the applicant described. This entire disclosure is hereby expressly incorporated into the description of the present application.

A variant of such wear and / or corrosion protection, not shown, consists in that the ring extruder housing has a closure and / or corrosion protection layer on the inner housing surface, which is produced by a hot isostatic pressing method. Depending on the material of the inner surface of the housing or depending on the intended use of the RingExtruder, powder coating may also be considered.

Furthermore, with large ring extruders it is possible to cool the screws directly. The cooling can be considered as open ( 7 ) or closed system (Heat pipe 52 or thermosyphon, 7 ). In this way, the enormous surface of the twelve screws is used to control the melt temperature.

In addition to a lowering of the melt temperature, the screw cooling also causes a significant unification of the temperature distribution of the product at the outlet of the extruder. It is known that occurs in extruders of various designs, a local mass temperature increase in the area of the screw tips 53 on. Due to the smaller screw diameter and the lower peripheral speeds, these are significantly lower for the RingExtruder due to the system than for twin-screw extruders. By using cooled screws, these temperature peaks can be significantly reduced ( 8th ). Here 54 show the worm shaft, 55 the liquid line, 56 the flow of the incoming coolant, 57 the exit of the heated coolant, 58 the direction of the vapor.

8th : shows qualitative mass temperature curves over the outlet cross-section of the RingExtruder as well as with twin-screw extruders.

Another major difference to the internal mixer systems is the possibility of degassing the plasticizer in the process chamber of the RingExtruder at ambient pressure or under vacuum. Due to the distribution of the mass flow to the twelve screw channels in the ring extruder (cf. 1 . 2 ) is an enormous plastic surface at extremely small volumes available. Furthermore, the twelve engagement regions of the screws lead to a strong redeployment of the material and thus to a high surface re-formation rate. This results in a very efficient degassing performance of the RingExtruder. In this way, the moisture or other volatile substances contained in the individual mixture components can be removed efficiently, so that a pore-free extrudate is ensured. Likewise by-products, which can arise during chemical reactions, are eliminated. This promotes the reaction kinetics in many applications and leads to improved product properties.

The ring extruder is used in the elastomer or rubber sector for various tasks in continuous compounding. In so-called "premixing", in addition to the addition of a wide variety of fillers and liquids, partial reaction or coupling processes are carried out. In "Final mixing", inter alia, the crosslinking chemicals are mixed in, so that incipient vulcanization must be prevented by a very accurate temperature control. In this context, however, it has repeatedly been shown that the tolerable upper limits of the melt temperatures in the RingExtruder can be set much higher than in the internal mixer systems. This is due to the fact that the residence times in the extruder are many times lower than in the internal mixer. Furthermore, comparatively thin extrudates can be cooled much faster than a compact rubber mass of several hundred kilograms from an internal mixer. This results in the possibility for some formulations to carry out coupling reactions and the mixing in of the crosslinking chemicals in one step. If necessary, however, two ring extruders can also be connected in series as a cascade system, so that certain sub-processes can proceed at different temperature levels.

In the overall concept, rubbers that are available as bales are first crushed. In order to prevent sticking of the material to be ground, powdering with a release agent is carried out during the grinding if necessary. As a rule, a powder which is contained in the rubber mixture anyway, e.g. Chalk, talc, kaolin, carbon black or silica, so that contamination by foreign substances is excluded. This process has proven to be reliable even for very sticky rubbers such as butadiene rubber.

The supply of material (including natural and synthetic rubbers, solid and liquid polymers, fillers such as carbon black, silica, kaolin, talc and chalk, and resins, fats and oils as plasticizers, zinc oxide, sulfur, pigments, additives such as antifreeze agents and various other chemicals, blends, and suspensions) into the extruder by means of gravimetric or volumetric dosing systems ( 9 ), which can also be meaningfully combined for certain processes. This can be commercially available Devices for solids and liquids are used. These have been used for decades in the processing of thermoplastics and ensure a long-term constant compliance with the recipe specifications within minimal tolerances.

9 FIG. 1 shows an exemplary construction of a ring extruder 59 for continuous rubber preparation. The structure of a RingExtruder can be seen that in the part shown on the left the addition of the main components 60 , in particular the polymers 61 , the rubber 62 , the additive 63 as well as the fillers 64 takes place in the actual extruder strand. The part of the system on the right shows further optional additives 65 partly fed via so-called. SideFeeder 66 or other lines to the system. A vacuum system 67 can be optional and a vacuum stuffer 68 , Further, the drive 69 and the power split transmission 70 of RingExtruder 59.

In principle, the modular design of the extruder cylinder and the screw geometries ensure maximum flexibility with regard to material supply points. Solids of different particle size and shape or material mixtures are the process space as bulk material together or separately via the feeder housing, in the modular arrangement, the first housing of the RingExtruder supplied. Additionally or alternatively, material can also be supplied via an installed on the feed housing and / or a laterally mounted attachment to one of the further downstream arranged housing.

Depending on the material properties and process requirements, aggregates such as single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders or gear pumps ( 9 . 10 and 11 ). The attachment position on the left or right side is freely selectable. It is even possible to operate two opposing feed units on an extruder housing. Depending on the system, a gravimetric or a volumetric dosage or a combination of both systems can be used. The control of the RingExtruder, RingExtruder-Control, allows uncomplicated handling even of complex metering processes on a panel ( 11 ) or a central process control system and offers extensive possibilities of recipe management as well as automated start-up procedures.

10 : shows an exemplary cultivation of a single-screw extruder as co-extruder 71 to the RingExtruder 59 for the feeding of endless rubber strips in the context of the continuous rubber preparation. To recognize further include the ring worm shafts 1 as well as the discharge with nozzle 114 , Evident is also composed of engine, safety clutch and gear drive 69 , Furthermore, the system has two SideFeeder 66, 107. Furthermore, it has two vacuum stuffer 68 on.

This co-extruder, which can be configured as a single-screw or multi-screw extruder, serves for lateral material feed into the ring extruder. It is in the present presentation, in particular as regards the embodiments according to 20 - 25 As far as concerns, also referred to as side extruder.

To recognize further include the ring worm shafts 1 as well as the discharge with nozzle 114 , Evident is also composed of engine, safety clutch and gear drive 69 , Furthermore, the system has two SideFeeder 66, 107. Furthermore, it has two vacuum stuffer 68 on.

11 : shows an embodiment of a RingExtruder control unit with user interface of the RingExtruder control.

The controller leaves the panels for the vacuum stuffer 68 detect. The plant has three gravimetric solids dosing devices 102 that provide at least two side feeders 66, 107 with cloth. The gravimetric liquid dosing device carries the numeral 103 , The barrel press is a tandem barrel press with single presses 81 . 82 designed. The rubber strip original device 112 populates the co-extruder 71 that as a conveyor 106 having a gear pump, and is connected to the RingExtruder 59. Furthermore, the system has a metal separator 100 , The drive 69 has a power dividing gearbox 70 , At the left end of the RingExtruder 59 is the discharge with nozzle 114 recognizable.

High- and medium-viscosity materials such as rubber masterbatches or polymer-bound chemical concentrates can be added to RingExtruder 59 with the aid of a single-screw rubber extruder 71 be supplied. The addition deposit can also be selected according to the process requirements either on the intake housing or downstream.

These co-extruders 71 mentioned device differs in principle from those shown above and in 9 shown SideFeedern 66, 107. The function of SideFeedern is in principle, optionally to include further additives or further fillers and to feed the actual extruder for processing. In these SideFeedern regularly no processing or processing of these substances supplied; if necessary, the substances are densified.

In the present invention, however, the co-extruder assumes the task of a preprocessing device. Its mode of action goes beyond that of a pure dosing station.

The co-extruder can be configured as a single-screw extruder or as a multi-screw extruder.

In the co-extruder, for example, endless rubber strips can be introduced.

After the introduction of the material to be processed, that is about in the form of polymers, rubber, fillers, endless rubber strips, etc., a processing of this material takes place. This feature will hereinafter also be referred to simplifying and summary as a rubber material. This material is masticated and then forwarded to the actual ring extruder. This can be done for example via a gear pump or directly in such a way that in this way masticated material is transported further in the ring extruder.

This gives the RingExtruder an already preprocessed material. This brings surprising benefits. By using such a co-extruder, a partial displacement of the torque required for the overall extrusion process takes place in the co-extruder. As a result, the ring extruder is relieved of torque. This leads to a faster, more effective further processing of the preprocessed material fed into the ring extruder. As a result, in particular, the throughput is improved. Likewise, a significant increase in product quality was observed.

Due to the preprocessing of the rubber material, its more uniform absorption into the ring extruder takes place because it has already been plasticized to a considerable extent in the co-extruder. The product stream flowing into the ring extruder is thus more uniform.

This means that it is precisely the combination of the co-extruder in combination with the ring extruder that allows finer, more efficient, faster and quantitatively larger processing of the rubber material.

As stated, the co-extruder may be disposed at any angle on the main line of the ring extruder. The arrangement can be done by flanging, screwing, welding or similar measures.

Especially through the adoption of essential processing steps by the co-extruder, so in particular the masticating, its mode of action goes far beyond the mode of action of conventional side feeders, which are ultimately limited to dosing functions. The RingExtruder is not only supplied with material, for instance by means of a SideFeeder or another receiving part, but already preprocessed material. Because the masticating and thus plasticizing of the material to be processed is at least partially shifted into the co-extruder, the ring extruder is significantly influenced in its mode of operation. As a result, he receives more process length and thus has more opportunities to carry out the other necessary process steps, such as the further mixture of the product. He needs less torque. The temperature can be lower in the ring extruder, which greatly facilitates the processing of the rubber material. An increase in throughput is also given to a considerable extent.

The advantages according to the invention already occur when the masticating process has been started. An extensive or complete mastication can have advantages. An incipient mastication, however, already contributes significantly to the mentioned advantages.

Thus, this solution also differs from about in particular series connected main extruders, where this solution can be described as a cascade solution. In this cascade solution, the processing of the material takes place in the respective extruder. This main extruder must have the necessary torque forces, it must be able to absorb significant temperatures, which can lead to premature material fatigue. This procedure is not influenced by the fact that several extruders are connected in series. All extruders must be able to meet the same high parameters. Above all, the further transport from the first extruder into the downstream extruder takes place regularly without pressurization, i. it occurs by this series process process rather a slowing down of the extrusion process implementation instead.

In the case of the co-extruder according to the invention, however, pressurization may preferably take place.

The co-extruder may be a single-screw or multi-screw extruder, as shown. The choice of the right extruder will be made according to the process parameters to be performed. In most cases, the use of a single-screw extruder will be evasive, which represents the technically less expensive device in this respect. Thus, a single-screw extruder is also cheaper. Due to its channel depth he has even procedurally favorable parameters, especially when it comes to the collection of rubber strips of material or the like.

A particularly advantageous embodiment can be achieved if the co-extruder, for example, from a feed roller 111 (not shown) is fed with the material to be processed. This feed roller can be grown on the co-extruder in a spatially suitable manner and continuously push rubber strips continuously into the co-extruder.

By arranging several of these apparatuses, a process interruption can be avoided if the material to be processed, which is intended for a co-extruder, has been worked up.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the device may be provided with a pressure monitoring device, which is preferably arranged at a transfer point of the material.

In the co-extruder can be entered in addition to the aforementioned rubber strip, preferably endless rubber strip and free-flowing or chopped good.

Material strips, skins, cords, ribbons or profiles of different cross sections and lengths as well as endless materials can be processed.

To optimize the intake of such strips of material can be used in addition to the feed hopper of the single screw extruder, a feed roller.

The material is masticated in the co-extruder and introduced into the process space of the RingExtruder via a special adapter 72 (not shown) connected to the side opening of the RingExtruder. One to max. 500 bar extendible pressure sensor in the adapter serves as a signal generator of an integrated emergency shutdown of the side unit at too high pressure. In order to achieve a uniform volumetric dosing, a gear pump can be integrated between discharge of the side extruder and adapter on the ring extruder housing. The throughput is set by the set pump speed, and the speed of the rubber extruder is controlled so that a preselected mass pressure at the inlet of the gear pump is achieved.

The dosage of liquids or suspensions can be realized by means of volumetrically or gravimetrically controlled pumps of various types or by means of barrel presses.

Of course, several liquid feeds can be operated simultaneously at different positions of the process part ( 12 ).

In the 12 shown attachment 73 an embodiment for the continuous preparation of rubber material shows a RingExtruder 59 with drive 69 and power split transmission 70 , The attachment 73 is doing by the controller 74 either centrally controlled. But it is also possible to control the individual components decentralized. The power split transmission 70 includes the annularly arranged worm shafts 1 , Furthermore, the system has the solids metering device 75 on. The feeder controller 76 is a control unit for metering added substances. The system shown has three liquid metering devices in this embodiment 77 . 78 . 79 ,

Furthermore, the facility has 73 via a tandem barrel press 80 that from their individual barrel presses 81 and 82 is formed.

The ring extruder 59 has injection valves at various areas of its process space 83 . 84 . 85 . 86 on, the supply, in particular amount, throughput of the added liquids or pasty materials accomplish.

Barrel presses in the design of barrel melters also allow the melting of low-melting components such as waxes or fats or the heating of poorly flowable liquids or suspensions to reduce the viscosity.

With appropriate design such materials can be dosed with heatable pumps, if they were melted or heated in an upstream process step. Temperable storage tanks and pipes or hoses ensure the necessary temperature stability and operational safety.

Tandem devices are available for both drum presses and barrel melting plants in order to achieve long-term, uninterrupted metering.

They can also be combined with downstream gear pumps, which meter the liquids or suspensions with improved dosing accuracy in the extruder. Again, the supplied volume flows are determined by selecting the pump speed and the barrel presses or -schmelzanlagen regulate a constant pump pressure.

Of course, such arrangements can be arbitrarily combined with flow meters and static or dynamic mixing devices.

It is also possible to use the units to feed a dosing station when a liquid or suspension is to be distributed to several injection points on RingExtruder. A press feeds two or more gear pumps, which inject the material into the ring extruder at different points in a defined quantity distribution.

The aforementioned barrel press is preferably constructed so that it has a punch 87 (not shown), which is received by a receiving device, for example a barrel. In this recording device to be inserted in the context of the extrusion process Good. It may be about a liquid or a pasty mass. The stamp is designed movable and compacted at a controllable speed.

By this measure, the good is pressed into a tube or about in a hose. In this way, the good is discharged from the receiving device and simultaneously transported. Transport can take place to the ring extruder. The good can also be pressed directly into the ring extruder.

Preferably, the barrel press can be configured as a fiber melting plant. In this case, it is particularly preferable for the stamp to be heatable, which can also heat very poorly flowable materials, melt solids, so that they become liquid and then easier to compact.

It is particularly advantageous if barrel presses are designed as tandem devices. These then have two punches. If a preparatory device is empty due to the processing operation, otherwise the process would have to be interrupted and a new barrel press would be installed. In a tandem device this is not necessary. The whole process does not have to be interrupted.

The design of a tandem press can be done so that a stamp then anfährt when on the other side, the receiving device is empty.

A tandem drum system is therefore particularly suitable for volumetric liquid metering.

The drum melt may preferably be connected to one or more gear pumps. The press pushes this one or more gear pumps. The one or more gear pumps run at constant speed, which ensures that the volume flow is constant. The barrel press regulates the admission pressure of these one or more gear pumps.

But it is also possible that the barrel press fed a dosing, so that run out of the barrel press one or more gear pumps with appropriate throughput and feed the material to be transported directly or indirectly at one or at different points the RingExtruder.

The entry of liquids or suspensions into the ring extruder takes place via housing bores with corresponding connection geometry. Alternatively, the plugs for SideFeeder or Stufferöffnungen can be provided with appropriate injection holes. This provides additional flexibility as the plugs can be positioned at different locations depending on the design of the extruder. Depending on the type and amount of aggregates and the screw configuration, the injection takes place via tubular connecting sleeves or special injectors ( 12 ).

Analogously, dosing systems with mass flow control and corresponding injection valves for the injection of gases - even in supercritical state - are available and can be integrated into the control of the RingExtruder. Typical applications are, for example, foam extrusion or the optimization of degassing processes by stripping. In the process, inert gases and / or liquids which can be vaporized under the conditions of degassing are mixed homogeneously into the material to be processed in the extruder. When passing into the degassing zone, the gas and / or the evaporating liquid leads to foaming. In this way, the surface of the material is extremely enlarged and significantly reduces the diffusion paths of the volatile components to be degassed to the material surface. This enormously increases the efficiency of subsequent atmospheric or vacuum degassing.

13 : shows a degassing housing 87 with a connection opening 88 for a vacuum dome.

The removal of the substances to be degassed and the stripping agent via a large, overhead housing opening to which a vacuum dome can be connected if necessary (Domgehäuse 89 . 14 ).

14 : shows an installed assembly of a dome housing 89 for atmospheric venting or vacuum degassing.

Alternatively, stuffers can be used. These are compact, identical or opposite double-screw units, which fulfill the task of keeping the housing opening free and to prevent the escape of product from the degassing. Up to three stuffer can be connected on both sides as well as on top of the same housing module. Furthermore, of course, several stuffer can be operated on different extruder housings and combined as needed with the Dom degassing. Furthermore, the degassing can be constructed in several stages, whereby individual sections can be operated at different negative pressures or also atmospherically. Dusting areas within the screw configuration provide the necessary sealing between individual degassing sections.

Depending on the process requirement, viscosity, material quality, temperature and connection to downstream systems, the extrudate is discharged via nozzle plates with process-oriented design of the openings (FIG. 15 ). Examples are slot dies, tube slot nozzles ( 16 ), or for liquid discharge pipes with multi-way valves ( 17 ). The tube slot nozzle leaves the slot device 90 as well as the exit area 91 detect leaking, tubular material.

17 : lets the end 92 of the RingExtruder. Furthermore, the tubular discharge 93 for easily flowable products.

In Austragsvarianten with increased pressure requirements and / or to ensure a highly constant output of the discharge nozzle can also be preceded by a gear pump. Additionally or alternatively, a filtration (Strainer) of the product can be realized in front of the nozzle or a static mixer can be integrated. Also feasible is the direct extrusion to semi-finished or finished parts of different geometries. On the other hand, the extrudate can also without shaping as a more or less coherent mass or crumb on a free discharge without nozzle back pressure ( 18 ), eg for feeding downstream units such as extruders, calenders or rolling mills.

For the purpose of process control and quality monitoring, various sensors can be installed to provide information about the different properties of the extruded product. These sensors can be installed at different positions along the extruder housing. Alternatively or additionally, however, they can also be placed in the discharge area of the extruder and / or behind possibly downstream additional units such as a gear pump or strainer and in the extrusion die itself.

In addition, the measurements can also be made outside the extrusion system after product discharge from the nozzle. The measurements are preferably carried out in the actual material flow of the extruder, so that the properties of the total amount of product are detected. Alternatively, at the above-mentioned positions of the extrusion system, a small portion of the extruded material can be diverted and fed to the sensors. In this case, only a partial flow of the extruded product is detected metrologically.

The sensors may be pressure, temperature or viscosity measuring devices, Raman infrared or ultraviolet spectrometers or ultrasound measuring devices. Likewise, imaging measurement systems such as infrared cameras or microscopes with automatic image processing and data evaluation come into question. The list is only exemplary and in no way exclusively meant.

In addition, the measured data recorded by the sensors and possibly evaluated can be used to influence the operating conditions of the extrusion system. This task can be further implemented in the extruder control. This results in an extrusion system that regulates its operating conditions independently and fully automatically, in order to ensure the predefined product properties in the long term, despite any external influences, such as fluctuations in raw material properties.

In 18 is the central core 92 , So the inner part of the extruder housing shown. Further, the worm shafts 1 recognizable.

With the described process options, it becomes clear that the ring extruder can be expanded into a complex processing plant for the continuous production of rubber compounds. The flexibility that is available when needed is unique.

In summary, the 19 a selection of the possibilities of variation shown schematically, which can be implemented in reality in almost unlimited combinations.

19 : shows a schematic representation of a continuous rubber processing plant 110 with the RingExtruder 59 to illustrate various peripheral options. The ring extruder 59 has a drive 69 and a power split transmission 70 on. You can also see the worm shafts 1 ,

The drive 69 has in this case drive shafts, which are connected to the coaxial rotatably. Each drive shaft has a pinion. The drive pinion mesh with a provided on a central drive shaft, externally toothed drive wheel. The torque of each drive pinion is introduced proportionally via the central externally toothed drive wheel and half via the complete internally toothed ring gear. In that regard, for further description of the drive 69 on the German registration DE 103 15 200 A1 which is incorporated herein by reference. The same applies to the in DE 10 2008 022 421 A1 in detail described extruder gear.

On display is an extruder plant which comprises a ring extruder 59. Furthermore, it has a rubber bale-loading device 93 on. Likewise, a bale splitter 94 be provided. The bales crushed in this way then become a mill 95 fed. In further processing, a release agent metering takes place via a release agent metering device 96 , In addition, in this respect, a release agent-return device 97 provided that the one or more release agents are not completely used up.

Furthermore, the facility can be powered by a blower 98 and over a cyclone 99 have, by means of which the hitherto processed good the further process section are fed. Here, the estate can be a metal separator 100 run through. It occurs in a stirrer storage container 101 to which a device for gravimetric solid dosing 102 can be connected.

A device for gravimetric liquid metering 103 may be provided as one or more injectors 83 . 84 , The plant preferably has a tandem barrel melting plant 80 . 81 . 82 for a volumetric metering of the material to be introduced, in particular for a volumetric liquid metering.

The extrusion line preferably has a rubber strip template 112 containing one or more co-extruders 71 . 105 preferably equipped with a strip-shaped rubber material. The co-extruder is preferably a single-screw extruder and can via an additional conveyor, in particular a gear pump 106 for a strip dosing. The extruder 59 preferably has a feed funnel 109 on. The co-extruder 71 . 105 preferably each has a feed hopper 115 . 116 on.

In addition, the plant may have one or more side feeders 66, 107, in which optional auxiliaries or additives are fed into the process.

Preferably, a metering station 113 intended for (supercritical) gases with mass flow control.

A stuffer 68 for atmospheric venting or vacuum degassing is also a preferred device of the plant. Furthermore, the system can be powered by a vacuum pump 108 or via a nozzle / on-discharge tool.

In the following, in summary, the components in structural relationship with a single- or multi-screw extruder as side feed are to be discussed, with special consideration of the adapter housing, the cooling water connections, the wear and / or corrosion protection inserts, the side extruder housing, as described in US Pat 20 - 25 are shown. In that regard, in addition to the above statements in the general description and in the description of the 5 - 8th and to the components shown there reference.

The cooling water connections 480 . 481 . 482 are in the 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 arranged on three components, namely on the adapter housing 720 . 721 , on the side extruder housing 790 as well as at the so-called gear lantern 705 ,

The adapter housing 720 . 721 connects the side extruder housing 790 with the RingExtruder housing 590.

Shown are with the reference numbers 480 . 481 such as 482 the inlets and outlets for the cooling water. The cooling water can be performed in pipes, for example, but also as a flat, flat or cylindrical housing about the side extruder housing 790 be guided. In this case, the extruder housing would not have cooling channels but a water-carrying cooling shell, which is configured approximately as a metallic component, and which contributes to a cooling effect due to water flow. Instead of water, any other suitable fluid can be used. Instead of a metal housing, another suitable material can be used.

The attachment of about the cooling channels or the cooling shell to the components may vary depending on the structure of the components. For example, attachment by means of flanging is possible. The cooling shell can, for its part, have cooling holes or one or more other cavities through which the cooling medium passes. Preferably, a contacting arrangement of the cooling bores or the cooling shell is provided on the relevant component in order to accomplish an advantageous cooling exchange or heat exchange.

From the figure representations further results that the adapter housing 720 . 721 is cooled by such cooling holes with water. Only for the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that the adapter housing, as well as the gear lantern 705 Depending on the structural design of the above-mentioned fluid-carrying cooling shells may have.

The screws of the side extruder are in turn connected to a cooling medium, e.g. Water, coolable. The cooling bore of the screws is preferably arranged inside the same (not shown).

In a further embodiment, the screws of the side extruder can be tempered by means of a heat pipe.

As in the 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 also shown is the gear lantern 705 of the page extruder 71 by means of cooling holes through which suitable cooling medium, eg water, flows, cooled. The relevant cooling water connections are indicated by the reference numeral 482 Mistake.

The 20 . 21 show a variant of the connection of the adapter housing with the RingExtruder housing. This is the planar design, ie the adapter housing 720 is flush mounted on the RingExtruder housing 590, eg flanged. In any case, the adapter housing lies flat against the annular extruder housing 590 in some regions, and the extruder shafts protrude into the ring extruder housing 590 into it. The end face of the adapter housing and the surface forming the lateral opening of the ring extruder housing 590 are therefore in contact with each other directly or indirectly. Indirect means that of course suitable seals or the like can be interposed. In particular, an elastomeric material is suitable for this purpose. In the plan embodiment of the adapter housing 720 So the waves of the screw, as far as they are from the side extruder housing 790 including adapter housing 720 protrude, surrounded by the material of the RingExtruder housing 590. The lateral opening of the ring-extruder housing 590 thus encompasses, surrounds, encloses or the like thus the waves of the side extruder. This structural design is described unifying the term "include". In that regard, the mounting state is described.

Another variant of the connection of the side extruder 71 (Co-extruder) with the RingExtruder housing 590 is in the 22 and 23 shown. There is the adapter housing 720 not flanged flat but the adapter housing 721 is in the assembled state in the lateral housing opening 592 of the RingExtruder housing 590, thus protruding into its opening. For this purpose, the adapter housing 721 a suitably designed attachment, appendix or the like, which is arranged on the adapter housing. This attachment, Appendix includes the snails of the lateral extruder 71 up to the end of the screw. The attachment, appendix may, if desired, consist of a suitable corrosion-preventing material. In this way, it is ensured that the lateral opening is also protected against corrosion.

In the assembled state, in this variant, therefore, the screws of the side extruder 71 material by material not of the material of the RingExtruder housing 590 but by the material of the adapter 721 ,

From the 24 and 25 it becomes clear that the side opening 591 . 592 of the RingExtruder housing 590, on which the side extruder 71 by means of an adapter housing 720 . 721 attached, a wear and / or corrosion protection insert 500 . 510 having. The reference number should 510 be used for the design of this wear and / or corrosion protection insert as inliner, while the reference numeral 500 for a wear and / or corrosion protection insert in a thin-walled configuration, therefore, as a thinliner ( 24 . 25 ).

This inliner or thinliner is therefore an additional insert that fits into the side opening 591 . 592 of the RingExtruder housing 590 projects, so an additional component compared to the inliner 47 or Thinliner 50 represents the actual main extruder, as described above.

The inliner 510 or the Thinliner 500 In principle, it has the same function and mode of action as the inliner 47 or Thinliner 50 of the main extruder, so that reference is made to avoid repetition of the above statements, mutatis mutandis, also apply to this lateral use.

The design or contour of the inliner 510 or the thinliner 500 In this case follows the lateral inner contour of the RingExtruder housing 590, in which this wear and / or corrosion protection is preferably introduced in an exact fit arrangement.

Instead of a prescribed inliner 510 or thinliners 500 can the side case opening 591 of the RingExtruder housing 590, on which the side extruder 71 attached, about flanged, have a wear and / or corrosion protection layer on the inner housing surface, which is produced by a hot isostatic pressing method. The layer is thus formed, for example, by means of a metallurgical powder, for example by means of a powder coating. Due to such application, this embodiment is not shown in the figures.

In the overall arrangement, it is possible that about the RingExtruder housing 590 or the housing of the side extruder 71 , the adapter 720 . 721 , the gear lantern 705 or other components are surrounded by a corrosion protection layer. This corrosion protection layer is applied to the outer surfaces of these components and can be applied, for example, with the Ionit OX method.

Description of the invention with reference to the extruder plant

extrusion plant

Extruder plants are differentiated according to the underlying process principle in processing and processing extruders. The processing extruders are for processing a material for producing a product in the form of a body having a predetermined shape. Processing extruders are usually designed as a single-screw extruder.

Processing extruders are used for the chemical and / or physical conversion of materials with each other, the materials being e.g. react with each other when mixing together or release gases. Processing extruders are usually designed as a twin-screw extruder.

Extruder plants have extruder shafts, which can be arranged horizontally or vertically to each other. To form an extrusion system, the extruder shafts can be arranged in a ring.

The term extrusion plant also includes aggregates and technical equipment that can be coupled to the extrusion plant as well as components of the extrusion plant itself. It is assumed that the technical equipment, aggregates and components of the extrusion plant are required for the complete procedure of the production process of a product , Purely by way of example, in terms of the technical equipment, the aggregates and components of the extrusion plant will be discussed below by an extrusion plant or by an area of the extrusion plant.

The extrusion line can be exemplary and in no way ultimately a ring extruder machine or plant. It goes without saying, however, that the invention can also be applied to single or multiple-screw extruders.

To operate the extrusion line, preferably a ring-extruder machine, the operator preferably uses a PC, in particular with touch-screen fields, to give the extrusion line direct function commands, or to request information from the extrusion line.

The information may be under other pressures, temperature values, flow rates, oil pressure, flow, power consumption, and / or the amount of a particular liquid or solid disposed in a reservoir.

An instruction may e.g. include the command to the extrusion plant to change a speed or to take measures to lower the temperature of an aggregate of the extrusion plant. The above examples, however, are meant to be exemplary only and are not intended to be exhaustive.

Identification of the extrusion plant

To carry out the method for a bidirectional exchange of information between an extrusion line or a region thereof and the operator, the extrusion line or the area thereof is identified by the storage of associated information in a computer.

For identification, the extrusion system is recorded with a recording device, preferably a camera from at least two perspectives.

The recording is preferably carried out in a 3D representation. It goes without saying that the representation of the extrusion plant can also take place in a one-dimensional or a 2D representation. In the following, it is assumed by way of example and in no way exclusively of a 3D image.

To accommodate the extrusion plant is considered from several axes. In this way, the identification of the extrusion line can be displayed at predetermined locations as a 360 ° object or preferably as a 3D object.

To identify the real object "extrusion line" and / or an area of the extrusion line, e.g. of a "filler neck" object, corresponding technical designations such as Assigned to "extrusion line" or "filler neck".

In this way, the extrusion system and its components / areas are each identified as a real object and provided with the associated technical name.

The identification of the actual extrusion line or region thereof is in the context of distinctive fine or coarse features such as e.g. Lines, edges or corners, colors, materials, or other contours / surfaces. The identification of the extrusion line or a region thereof may be effected by the associated object contour or the volumetric shape.

The identification of the extrusion plant and / or a region thereof is effected via a combination of the extrusion plant with an associated image or a sequence of images.

The identification of the extrusion line or a region thereof may also be effected via the respective skeletal shape, a silhouette, over the overall arrangement and / or the structure of the extrusion line or the area thereof in a real-world space.

In order to identify the extrusion plant or a region thereof, preferably physical nominal values of the extrusion plant and / or a region thereof are stored in the computer.

For identifying description of the extrusion line and / or a region thereof, different sets of information are stored in the computer.

Parameters concerning technical parameters of the extrusion plant

By way of example and not limitation, parameters may be stored in a computer relating to the physical body of the extrusion equipment or a portion thereof.

Parameters of the extrusion line can be retrieved as current actual values in the computer.

An actual value denotes a currently measured quantity of a quantitatively measurable feature. In contrast, the invention understands the term target value a desired value of the feature. The set value can match the actual value or deviate from the actual value up or down.

Other target values that are read into the computer's record describe by way of example and in no way exhaustively e.g. the torque, namely the force acting on the kneading disk during the rotation of a kneading disk of an extrusion plant.

It can e.g. the force of a multi-speed conveying thread of the extrusion plant to a material is meant, which is exercised when the material is passed through the areas of the extrusion plant.

To balance the force exerted on a material introduced into the extrusion line and to balance the deformation made on the material, a nominal working value can be stored in the computer. The working setpoint value can additionally serve for the efficiency check. The target values may include the temperature, the amount of heat and the heat conduction of the extrusion equipment or e.g. to be in an area of it.

It goes without saying that the preceding examples are not meant to be exhaustive.

The parameters may be by way of example and in no way conclusive with reference to body characteristics (e.g., mass, volume, density), kinematics, dynamics, and / or torque of the extrusion equipment or a range thereof.

However, the parameters may also relate to components of the extrusion plant.

Components concerning technical parameters of the extrusion plant

Components of the extruder plant include e.g. Gears and gear elements and / or other attachments such. Vacuum systems, granulations, dosing, degassing units, side feeders, which are arranged in the extrusion plant.

The term "components of the extruder plant" according to the invention are further covered: the process space, single-screw extruder, a ring extruder, a twin-screw extruder, a main extruder, the extruder screw, a housing of the extruder, a cooling channel system, a wear protection insert, a screw cooling, an extruder control, a Dosing weigher, a dome housing, a vent, a vacuum degassing device, a tube slit nozzle, a cooling water connection, an adapter housing, a side extruder, a co-extruder, a thinliner, an inliner, a corrosion protection insert, a material transport device, a gusset, a supply or Abführungsgehäuseöffnung, a Extruder core, a kneading block, a conveying element, a screw comb, a kneading disc, a concentric extruder ring, a housing inner wall, a metal axis, a screw mixing element, a Seitenstromdosierseinrichtung, a screw channel, a dicing and mixing device, a Kühlk anal, a cooling bore, a vacuum system, a side feeder, a gear pump, a motor, a safety clutch, a gearbox, an extruder drive, a vacuum stuffer, a solids metering device, a drum press, a tandem drum press, a single press, a rubber strip presentation device, a conveyor , a metal separator, a power dividing gear, a discharge nozzle, a feed roller, a feed hopper, an adapter, a pressure transducer, an extruder discharge, a gear pump inlet, a liquid feed, a power split transmission, a feeder controller, an injection valve, a barrel melter Storage tank, a pipe, a hose, a dosing station, a receiving device, a punch of a press, a receiving device, a plug for SideFeeder- or Stufferöffnung, a connection sleeve, a vent, a vacuum dome, a vent or vacuum degassing, a nozzle, a valve, a slit device, a filter, a strainer, a mixer, a calender, a rolling mill, a sensor, an auxiliary device, a temperature measuring device, a viscometer, an infrared measuring device, an ultraviolet measuring device, a spectrometer, an ultrasonic measuring device, a microscope, a worm shaft, a drive pinion a bale splitter, a separator dosing device, a recirculation device, a blower, a cyclone, agitator hopper, a cooling pan, a flange, a gear lantern, a heat pipe, a wear or corrosion insert, a filler neck, a screen, a water separator, a dryer , a tank, a heater, an oil pump, a timer, a doser, a heating zone.

It goes without saying that the preceding list is meant to be exemplary only and not exhaustive.

In addition, parameters can be stored in the computer, which preferably describe the mechanical work, the efficiency or the mechanical performance of the extrusion system.

Information regarding the structural design and the composition inside the extrusion plant

Preferably in the form of 3D representations and / or in the form of videos, the structure, the composition and the interaction of the individual components arranged inside the extrusion installation can be represented.

Such information is stored that represents the process flow inside the extrusion line or a portion thereof. Such information is stored in particular as 3D representations or as video. The 3D representations and / or videos represent individually and / or in cooperation with one another components and assemblies of the extrusion system, which are preferably arranged inside a housing of the technical working means. These components and assemblies are not visible to the eye of a viewer in the actual extrusion line.

Information regarding the line of sight of the operator on the extrusion line

A per se known AU hardware recognizes with the help of at least one optical device that the eyes of an operator are directed to the technical work equipment.

The AU hardware recognizes that the operator's gaze is directed towards the extrusion line. The AU hardware also recognizes whether the operator's gaze is directed to a particular area of the extrusion line. The viewing direction of the operator, preferably by the AU hardware, is determined by a per se known computer program product.

The specific area of the extrusion installation may be exemplary and in no way conclusive of a housing in which at least one extruder shaft is arranged. The area can also be a degassing device or a filler neck, through which the material is introduced into the extrusion plant. Of the The area of the extrusion plant may be a valve, a pump, a sieve or a water separator or another component and / or an aggregate and / or an area of the extrusion plant. The area can also be a drier or a tank. It goes without saying that the previous list is not meant to be exhaustive.

Linking the information in relation to the line of sight of the operator with the information for identification and description of the extrusion plant

The per se known computer program product combines the information regarding the direction of the operator's gaze on the extrusion line and / or a region thereof with the information stored in the computer and relating to the operator-focused extrusion line and / or the area focussed by the operator.

There is provided means for detecting the line of sight of the operator. The device for determining the viewing direction of the operator is an optical device, which is preferably included in the AU hardware and cooperates with the augmented reality technique. The optical device may be at least one camera, which is preferably arranged on the AU hardware. The optical device is preferably directed to the pupil of the eye of the observer.

The means for determining the line of sight of the eye of the observer may also be a sensor, e.g. arranged on the eyeball (Eye-Tap). Other technical means for detecting the direction of the operator's gaze may also be used.

If the operator uses the AU hardware in conjunction with the augmented reality technique to focus the extrusion system and / or a region thereof, then the operator sees the viewing direction of the extruder and / or a region thereof in the computer.

The information associated with the operator-focused extrusion equipment and / or the focused area is displayed to the operator in the AU hardware and / or projected. The insertion preferably takes place in the spectacle lens of the AU hardware.

The overlay or projection is used for the exchange and communication between the operator and the technical work equipment (extrusion plant).

The projecting takes place according to the invention with the aid of an optical device relative to the extrusion plant above, below or next to, in front of or behind the technical work equipment.

The optical projection of the information into the AU hardware functions in the extrusion system according to the invention on the basis of a computer-aided extension of the perception of reality, the so-called augmented reality technique known per se.

information

As information about the extrusion equipment or a portion thereof, any knowledge and knowledge is understood that exists for the extrusion equipment or the range thereof.

The information can be displayed virtually in every possible form. The information may be in written or visual form or as video or in other audio and / or visual formats. The information may additionally be reproduced in any other technically representable manner.

A plurality of content-related information is called a record. In the following, general information is spoken.

operator

The present invention means by the term operator a person who is entrusted with the installation, maintenance, repair and operation of the extrusion plant.

AU hardware in the form of an optical device

For carrying out the method, at least one AU hardware known per se is arranged, comprising in each case at least one computer, a projection display and / or a camera and / or a microphone and / or a headphone. The AU hardware includes at least one operating software and a driver for controlling the AU hardware. In addition, the AU operating software and the AU driver for perceptual extension are simplified in the likewise known term of "augmented reality technology".

The AU hardware is used in various sources, among others. under the designations "Hololens", "Oculus Rift" or "HTC Vive VR hardware or" Eye-Tap ".

In the sense of the present invention, the AU hardware has a field of view for the perception of a real environment.

The AU hardware recognizes the objects via optics, much like the human eye / brain. In order to be able to recognize and identify the extrusion plant or areas thereof, information is stored in a computer with which the AU hardware communicates.

The perceptual extension can appeal to all human senses. Purely by way of example and not exclusively, an extension of the perceptual extension by at least one visual representation is assumed below.

By displaying the visual perceptual extension, additional information can be made available to the operator in the field of view. The additional information may preferably be computer generated. They can be presented purely by way of example and not exhaustively in the form of pictures, videos, diagrams, graphics, forms, texts, holograms. Visual perceptual enhancements may be e.g. be superimposed in the field of view of AU hardware and thereby superimpose the real extrusion system.

In the present case, AU hardware is a preferably portable device, preferably in the form of a pair of spectacles, which comprises at least one field of vision, preferably a transparent pane, through which the operator can see through.

Using the AU hardware, the operator can project data information, preferably a 3D projection into the real extrusion line.

In connection with the extrusion line, the AU hardware may e.g. to comply with safety regulations during the construction, operation and maintenance of the extrusion plant. Visual representations are displayed in the field of view, preferably the glasses of the AU hardware.

For displaying preferably a virtual 3D object and for projecting the 3D object by means of the augmented reality technique relative to the real extrusion system, an optical device is preferably a headset, contact lenses or an eye-tap device or a head-up device. Display, a helmet or a head mounted display or glasses are used.

The spectacle lens refers to a transparent substrate which can be made of glass or of plexiglass or of acrylic or of another transparent material.

The projection may be a hologram, preferably a 3D representation based on a method that exploits the wave character of the light.

The projection can be projected relatively above, below and beside, as well as in front of or behind the real extrusion plant by means of the augmented reality technique.

According to the method, an actual state of a parameter of the extrusion plant or a component thereof can be determined and compared with the associated desired value.

According to the method, actual values and nominal values of the parameters of the extrusion plant can be compared with one another with the aid of the AU hardware. With the aid of the AU hardware, the parameters underlying the extrusion system can be adapted and / or changed.

The required maintenance steps and repair instructions of the real extrusion system can be projected in particular in the form of a virtual hologram into the field of view of the AU hardware.

The AU hardware is focused on a real object, a real space or another real arrangement.

computer

For processing the accumulating data and information, a computer is arranged. The computer includes a control unit that processes the informational data necessary to create the virtual projection. The computer can be the central computer of the extrusion plant.

The computer refers to a commercially available computer, especially a PC. In the computer, the individual functions, procedures, parameters of the extrusion system are stored, which is used by the AU hardware to display the virtual information.

• Heizen des Extruders
• Kühlen des Extruders
• An- oder Ausschalten der Ölpumpe
• Einschalten des Hauptmotors
• Ausschalten des Hauptmotors
• Autostart
• Autostop
• Einschalten des Timers zum Start des Hauptmotors
• Einschalten oder Ausschalten des Dosierers
• Veränderung der Drehzahl des Hauptmotors
• Bearbeiten der Heizzonen
• Bearbeiten der Side-Feeders
• Bearbeiten des Vakuum-Stuffers
• Steuerung der Vakuum-Pumpen
• Steuerung der Dosier-Linien
• Steuerung der Extruderwellen

By way of example and in no way exclusively, the following, process sequences, activities and functions of the extrusion plant can be stored in the computer.

• Heating the extruder
• Cooling the extruder
• Turning on or off the oil pump
• Turn on the main engine
• Turn off the main engine
• startup
• auto stop
• Switch on the timer to start the main motor
• Switching on or off the dosing unit
• Change in the speed of the main engine
• Editing the heating zones
• Editing the side feeders
• Editing the vacuum buffer
• Control of vacuum pumps
• Control of dosing lines
• Control of extruder shafts

With reference to this information, the components, aggregates and objects of the extrusion plant are identified, assigned and defined in the computer.

In conjunction with augmented reality technology, the computer supplies the information required to generate a virtual image in the AU hardware.

The computer receives information about the actual values of the respective functions through the usual software. The information is transmitted to the AU hardware via radio, cable or wireless (e.g., WLAN / Bluetooth) and implemented there in augmented reality technology projectors.

The visualization preferably of an actual state of a parameter of the extrusion plant is implemented by the augmented reality technique.

The computer identifies the area of the extrusion line and / or area thereof focused by the operator using the AU hardware in conjunction with the augmented reality technique.

The computer links the area of the extrusion plant and / or the focused area of the extrusion plant that is focused by the operator with the aid of the AU hardware in conjunction with the augmented reality technology with the information concerning the respectively focused area and likewise stored in the computer.

Project

The term projecting describes that images can preferably be reproduced at least in regions, in particular on a projection surface, with a projector.

With the aid of projecting onto the spectacle lens of the AU hardware, the operator can virtually position an animated object, in particular, relative to the real extrusion installation located in a real space.

In order to accompany the virtual projection, in particular a video with sound, loudspeakers are preferably arranged in the temples of the AU hardware. It can also be connected to a so-called in-ear headphones. Depending on the position of the head of the operator, the sound sources are arranged in the room accordingly to be able to assign the Tonuntermalung the virtual representation can.

The AU hardware may include at least one camera that includes a time-of-flight (TOF) depth camera. TOF cameras is a 3D camera system that measures distances with a runtime method. The camera can also be an ambient camera. In addition, a conventional megapixel camera can be arranged.

It goes without saying that in addition to the AU hardware, other devices or devices can be used to visualize augmented reality projections.

To control the AU hardware, a tablet may be provided, a personal computer, a smartphone, a mobile phone or a portable computer such as a personal computer. a PDA.

In an augmented reality display, the real objects are preferably visible through the transparent lens of the AU hardware.

The projection can be designed to be transparent and virtually cover the real extrusion installation in such a way that the machine is virtually concealed by the projection. At least in some areas, the real extrusion system is then not visible behind the projection. The projection can also superimpose the real object.

Instead of a projection, in the case of the present invention, it is also possible alternatively to speak of a projection.

Projecting virtual representations using an augmented reality technique

In the case of the present invention, the term augmented reality technique refers to a computer-aided extension of the perception of reality.

In this way, virtual representations can be positioned relative to the real extrusion system. The virtual projection can also be arranged in the viewing direction behind a real object.

The Augmented Reality technique may involve all human senses and / or sensory areas such as seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling.

In the following, however, the augmented reality technique is described in a simplified manner in connection with virtual projections.

Such virtual representations are not visible to the naked eye without the use of augmented reality technology.

For arranging a virtual representation in relation to the extrusion installation by means of augmented reality technology, preferably at least one AU hardware, preferably a camera, and preferably at least one tracking device are arranged. The tracking device detects and / or stores the position of the operator, for example in the form of a GPS or TOF camera.

To display a virtual projection, the augmented reality technique has at least one sensor for its own orientation.

Augmented reality

The term augmented reality describes an augmented reality in which the perception of reality is expanded computer-aided. The term describes the insertion of additional virtual information or objects on a real extrusion line.

The invention relates to the augmented reality technique. It goes without saying that the term augmented reality in the sense of a "mixed reality" understands and thus the term "augmented reality" (AR) and the concept of "extended virtuality" (AV ).

The additional visual information can be 3D projections or 2D projections. It may be further images or video films meant.

In addition, the additional visual information may be virtual structures that can be clicked or moved or otherwise triggered to forward a command to a real facility, preferably an extrusion facility, upon deployment.

In addition to a 3D projection, the virtual projection can also be displayed as a 2D projection. The projection may include written information. The projection of the information can also take the form of a video. The projection can also be accompanied acoustically.

Projection can also be a one- or multi-dimensional app. In this context, an app is understood as an application software for data processing, data transmission and data visualization.

Projection may be left to the viewer at the site of the augmented reality-focused extrusion line.

The objects which are focussed by the operator with the augmented reality technique for retrieving the respective projection have larger fade-ins. Other objects which are arranged next to the actual focussed real extrusion installation, on the other hand, appear somewhat smaller.

Within or outside a projection, preferably a hologram, object-related status information of an extrusion plant can be displayed. The status information can e.g. Speed-related values, pressure-related values, temperature-related values. However, the status information can also be process data and / or method information. In addition, setpoint and actual data can be compared and existing actual values can be adapted from setpoint values. It goes without saying that this listing is not complete.

If the focused area is changed, the presentation components of the projection are adjusted accordingly.

The projections can be highlighted at least in monochrome according to the status of the respective extrusion plant or according to the status of a product and / or according to procedural information.

Preferably, too high temperatures are visualized in red. Cooling water is displayed in blue. General information can be displayed in green. Of course, the previous classification is meant to be exemplary only.

These forms of presentation go far beyond the possibilities of a classic photo. The projected projections seem to float freely in space for the viewer.

With lateral movement can be seen around the extrusion line. Looking at it with both eyes gives the operator a three-dimensional impression.

The AU hardware, in combination with the well-known augmented reality technique, is capable of commands to the real world via movements that the operator makes with his hands on and / or before and / or against the virtual projection To give extrusion plant.

The operator focuses with the AU hardware, e.g. a camera or glasses in conjunction with the augmented reality technique e.g. an actuating device, in particular a lever or a button, the augmented reality technology registers the information stored in the computer, which relate to the actuating device.

In this way, for example, as an information of the extrusion system, an automatic warning and / or an alarm in the form of voice announcements can be retrieved, or the machine can be stopped.

Holographic information can be displayed as a real source of interference. Additional additional information about the actuator may be displayed as visual projections.

Information on operating states, process data and / or process engineering information as well as setpoint and actual values as well as wear values, configuration data of the process part of the extrusion plant or a component of the extrusion plant can be stored in the computer. If the operator focuses the relevant component of the extrusion system with the AU hardware, then the associated information is preferably imported into the spectacle lens of the AU hardware.

The information associated with a component and / or with an aggregate of the extrusion plant can be represented in particular as a multi-dimensional representation of the interior of the extrusion plant or of a part of the extrusion plant.

The extrusion line or a portion thereof may be associated with information that triggers an error message to alert operators in particular to tolerance deviations of the extrusion line or an area of the extrusion line.

The operator of the extrusion equipment, using the AU hardware in conjunction with the augmented reality technique, can apply technical parameters such as e.g. read the temperature or speed or level of an aggregate or other component of the extrusion line without having to enter a safety area around the extrusion line.

Mutually communicating the operator with the extrusion system via commands

Using the AU hardware in conjunction with augmented reality technology, the operator can communicate with the extrusion equipment preferably via acoustic, visual and / or haptic commands and / or gesture control, such as with a human "colleague".

The operator can move and / or control the virtual projection he has positioned over the real extrusion system using augmented reality technology. He can give commands to the extrusion plant or areas thereof via the virtual projection.

Voice command from the operator to the extrusion line

For the reception and processing of bi-directional acoustic voice commands directed by the operator to the extrusion plant and for the delivery of separate voice messages sent from the extrusion plant e.g. directed to the operator, the control of the extrusion plant has a per se known computer program product. The computer program product preferably converts human speech into signals that are converted by the computer into control commands to the extrusion line. The computer program product also converts signals emitted by the extrusion equipment into human sounds that can be understood by the operator.

The AU hardware preferably comprises at least one microphone for implementing speech recognition and preferably at least one loudspeaker for output. The speaker and the microphone are preferably installed in a temples of the AU hardware. Speakers and the microphone can technically be designed in a different way. Preferably, an in-ear headphone and / or a cheek or a throat microphone may be provided.

Using the microphone and / or the loudspeaker, the user can use the AU hardware in conjunction with the augmented reality technology to issue voice commands to the extrusion line and query pre-programmed or learned answers in speech form from the extrusion line.

The voice command is directed to the entire extrusion line, a portion thereof and / or a particular aggregate or component of the extrusion line. With the help of the at least one voice command information can be exchanged in bidirectional direction between the extrusion equipment and the AU hardware.

In order to transmit the voice command to the real extrusion system, the operator preferably focuses the entire extrusion line or a section thereof using the augmented glass of the AU hardware with the aid of augmented reality technology. In his voice command, the operator identifies the addressed extrusion line or a range thereof e.g. with its technical name ("motor"; "vacuum valve"). The thus identified extrusion plant or the area thereof, a voice command is assigned (example: "engine, increase speed by 50" or "vacuum valve 2 open"). If an identification of the area of the extrusion plant has already been carried out by the focusing of the object, a further mention in the voice command is no longer necessary.

The voice command includes one or more words. The voice command may also be a predetermined phrase or a sequence of letters and / or numeric characters. About the voice command of the operator can preferably be changed, the operating state of the extrusion system. Process data and / or procedural information of the extrusion plant can be retrieved or changed by the operator.

The voice command comprises a semantic voice control, according to which the arrangement of a linguistically independent word, in particular a noun, a verb, an adjective, a name, an object or a filler word is free. The preceding list is meant to be exemplary only and not exhaustive. The semantic voice control evaluates the content and the grammar of the respective voice command to understand the present command.

The operator can use the voice commands purely by way of example and not exhaustive setpoint and actual values and / or parameters and / or configurations and / or status and / or monitoring and / or states and / or at least one maintenance notice and / or at least one View and compare the service instructions of an extrusion line, a component thereof, a component or an aggregate of the extrusion line.

In addition, the operator can query information about the output state of the extrusion equipment by means of predetermined voice commands.

The operator can use voice commands to actively control the extrusion line. Preferably, the speed of an aggregate in particular can be increased or decreased. Furthermore, e.g. Fill levels of equipment tanks are monitored.

It goes without saying that the preceding examples are meant to be exemplary only and in no way exhaustive.

Using voice commands, the operator can retrieve existing warnings and alarm messages from the extrusion line and transmit them to other stations, preferably within the production process.

The advantage of using bi-directional speech recognition is preferably that the operator can communicate with the extrusion equipment by voice command as with a human colleague. Loud ambient noise can be reduced in this way, if not completely switched off, at least as far as its disturbing effect is concerned.

When using AU hardware, preferably in the form of glasses, the operator has his hands free and can work in parallel on the extrusion line or a portion thereof.

Haptic commands and gesture related commands of the operator to the extrusion line

Gestures allow the operator to interact with a virtual projection that they can perceive through augmented reality technology in the AU hardware, thus communicating with the extrusion equipment.

The gesture may be a movement of a body part of the operator. For example, but in no way conclusive, the gesture may be a hand movement or a movement of at least one finger of the operator. The gesture may e.g. also be executed as a head movement. The gestures may be predetermined swiping gestures performed by the operator in a plane from top to bottom, from bottom to top, and from left to right, or vice versa, vis-a-vis the virtual projection.

With a swipe gesture from bottom to top, the operator can e.g. Query setpoint values of a specific unit of the extrusion line, compare with actual values or increase or decrease the setpoints. A sweeping gesture from bottom to top may e.g. increase the set speed of the extrusion system in one application.

In contrast, the operator with a swipe gesture from top to bottom causes the virtual projection, e.g. a temperature reduction or a speed throttling or another reduction of a desired value of the extrusion plant and / or a component thereof.

Swinging from left to right or right to left, the operator can retrieve, browse through, or review entries in a virtual manual that is audible using the AU hardware in conjunction with augmented reality technology.

With his wiping movement, the operator can show more information about the extrusion line and / or a part of it. The information is e.g. Configurations, secondary values (set / actual), parameters or wear indicators of the extrusion line and / or a component thereof.

The control of the extrusion line or a portion thereof can also be done by marking with a finger. The projections can be arranged relative to the real extrusion plant in a real space. The projections may preferably be moved by movement of the fingers in all three planes.

The operator controls e.g. the extrusion line or a portion thereof with at least one finger. In doing so, he virtually touches the projection, which is faded into the AU hardware through augmented reality technology, with his finger. The triggered command is forwarded in the form of information via a signal control to the real extrusion plant.

Gesture control allows the operator to vary setpoints and / or numerical and / or alphanumeric and / or binary settings on the extrusion line or a range thereof.

The operator can use the gesture control to turn on or off the extrusion equipment and / or components or aggregates of the extrusion equipment.

Predetermined gestures and / or wiping commands serve the operator to be able to intervene in the operating state of the extrusion plant, without having to fall below a certain safety distance of the extrusion plant or without another control device such. To operate a computer, a laptop, a keyboard, a touch screen, a mouse or other preferably electronic device.

A signal transmission means is arranged, with which the signal transmission can take place by means of cable lines or preferably wirelessly (for example WLAN, Bluetooth).

A particular advantage is that the operator does not have to carry any further contact devices on his hands or fingers to transmit the wiping commands.

The operator gesture control also includes a control whereby the operator acts on the extruder plant and / or a component thereof by moving his or her arms and / or legs and / or by turning, swiveling, tilting the head.

steps

• Hinterlegen der betriebswesentlichen Funktionen, Parameter und Funktionsabläufe der im Einsatz befindlichen Extrusionsanlage und/oder eines Bereichs davon im Rechner.

The communication between the operator and the extrusion line can be improved by augmented reality using the following steps:

• Depositing the essential functions, parameters and functional sequences of the extrusion system in use and / or a range thereof in the computer.

Further processing of the essential functions stored in the computer, parameters, etc. in particular wireless (WLAN) to the augmented reality technology.

Gathering information regarding the functions of the component and / or the aggregates of the extrusion plant.

Preparation of information and implementation in haptic and / or linguistic commands

Providing the processed data to a control device, preferably a computer.

Gathering of commands and query options available to the operator of the extrusion plant in order to be able to operate the extrusion plant without disruption. This includes all commands and queries that are required for the commissioning of the extrusion plant, for its operation, maintenance, wear test, configuration and for the shutdown of the extrusion plant.

Implementation of the information preferably in virtual projections using augmented reality technology.

Implementation of voice commands and / or haptic commands by the operator to the virtual projectors using the augmented reality technique.

• 26 in schematischer Darstellung eine AU-Hardware 202, die auf eine Extrusionsanlage gerichtet ist und eine zugehörige Projizierung.

Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing which shows:

• 26 a schematic representation of an AU hardware 202 directed to an extrusion line and associated projection.

26 shows the eye 201 an operator (not shown) by an AU hardware 202 in the form of glasses 203 looks.

The direction of view 204 focuses an aggregate 205 an extrusion line 206 at.

The direction 204 the look of the eyes 201 the operator is using a camera 207 noted, especially on the eyes 201 directed by the operator.

With the help of AU hardware 202 the operator focuses with his eyes 201 the aggregate 205 the extrusion plant 206 ,

In a calculator 208 are information 209 stored the aggregate 5 the extrusion plant 206 affect.

By the operator with his AU hardware 202 the aggregate 205 the extrusion plant 206 focused, the calculator sends 8th a signal 210 to a projector 211 the AU hardware 202 ,

The projector 211 projects those in the calculator 208 in terms of the aggregate 205 deposited information 209 in the form of a virtual manual 212 in the spectacle lens 203 the AU hardware 202 ,

By projecting the operating instructions 212 in the spectacle lens 203 the operator sees at a distance 214 above the real extrusion plant 206 a projection 215 in the form of the operating instructions 212 ,

The operator (not shown) is looking through the AU hardware 202 in the form of the glasses 203 so he can with his finger 216 virtual pages 217 of the operating instructions 212 turn the page.

Description of the embodiments and advantages of the invention

1. a. Hinterlegung wenigstens eines Parameters der Extruderanlage und/oder wenigstens einer Komponente der Extruderanlage in wenigstens einem Datensatz in dem Rechner ;
2. b. Abrufen von wenigstens einem Parametern der Extruderanlage und/oder der Komponente davon vom Rechner ;
3. c. wobei das Abrufen des wenigstens eines Parameters der Extruderanlage und/oder der Komponente über ein Mittel zur Interaktion erfolgt;

Method for controlling an extruder installation and / or a component of the extruder installation and / or a computer thereof by means of interaction between the operator and the extruder installation and / or the component of the extruder installation and / or the computer thereof, comprising the steps:

1. a. Depositing at least one parameter of the extruder plant and / or at least one component of the extruder plant in at least one dataset in the computer;
2. b. Retrieving at least one parameter of the extruder plant and / or the component thereof from the computer;
3. c. wherein the retrieval of the at least one parameter of the extruder installation and / or the component takes place via a means for interaction;

For example, the term "parameter" does not mean the technical, electrical, electrotechnical, information technology, procedural data, information, properties, variables, variables, parameters of the extruder installation and / or components thereof, which can be stored and retrieved in the computer.

Parameters are also meant in the material sense and refer to the materials that are processed in the extruder plant.

Under parameters of the extruder plant and / or the at least one component of the extruder plant in the context of the present invention, information and / or processing instructions and the like and / or data material composition, material properties of materials, raw materials, materials and auxiliaries understood with such Extruder plant or their Komonente be processed. These include e.g. Information about the state of aggregation of the material to be processed, e.g. Fluids, granules, powders. Also include chemical reaction descriptions such as a temperature behavior, a viscosity behavior, a melting behavior, a mixing behavior, etc. of substances and the like.

The term interaction means a mutual relationship between the operator and the extruder plant and / or a component of the extruder plant and / or between the operator and the computer of the extruder plant.

The interaction comprises an action and / or a reaction of both the operator and the extruder plant and / or the component thereof and / or the computer of the extruder plant.

Agents for interaction are all resources, resources, methods; Instruments and tools with which the interaction between the operator and the extruder plant and / or the component of the extruder plant and / or the computer is accomplished.

• d. und wobei das Abrufen des wenigstens einen Parameters der Extruderanlage und/oder wenigstens einer Komponente davon durch visuelles Fokussieren auf einen Teil derselben und/oder durch Gestensteuerung und/oder durch Sprachsteuerung und/oder durch Bewegungssteuerung (222) von Extremitäten des Bedieners und/oder durch ein Smartphone erfolgt;
• e. Visualisieren des Abrufergebnisses des wenigstens einen Parameters durch eine Einrichtung zur optischen Projizierung.

The interaction takes place according to the invention by visually focusing the extruder installation and / or a component thereof and / or by gesture control and / or by voice control of the extruder installation and / or a component thereof and / or by a movement control ( 222 ) with the extremities of the operator and / or by a smartphone.

• d. and wherein retrieving the at least one parameter of the extruder installation and / or at least one component thereof by visually focusing on a part thereof and / or by gesture control and / or by voice control and / or by motion control ( 222 ) of extremities of the operator and / or done by a smartphone;
• e. Visualizing the retrieval result of the at least one parameter by means for optical projection.

• f. wobei die Einrichtung zur optischen Projizierung als rechnergestützte Erweiterung der Realitätswahrnehmung durch wenigstens einen menschlichen Sinn mittels Einblendung und/oder Übertragung des abgerufenen Parameters ermöglicht wird;
• g. Ausgabe eines berührungslosen Steuerungsbefehls zur Steuerung der Extruderanlage und/oder der wenigstens einen Komponente (217) davon durch den Bediener;

By visualization, the invention means the visualization and / or visualization of the extruder installation and / or a component thereof in at least one device for optical projection ( 215 ).

• f. wherein the device for optical projection is made possible as a computer-aided extension of the perception of reality by at least one human sense by means of insertion and / or transmission of the retrieved parameter;
• G. Output of a non-contact control command for controlling the extruder installation and / or the at least one component ( 217 ) by the operator;

• h. wobei die Ausgabe des berührungslosen Steuerungsbefehls mittels eines Sprachbefehls und/oder einer Gestensteuerung unter Benutzung der optischen Einrichtung und/oder mittels visueller Fokussierung unter Benutzung der optischen Einrichtung und/oder mittels Bewegungssteuerung unter Benutzung der optischen Einrichtung erfolgt.

The control command does not require any body contact of the operator with the extruder installation and / or a component thereof and / or with another member for controlling the extruder installation and / or the component thereof.

• H. wherein the output of the non-contact control command is by voice command and / or gesture control using the optical device and / or by visual focusing using the optical device and / or by motion control using the optical device.

Preferably, the parameters are designed as actual values and / or as desired values.

In another embodiment of the invention, the parameters are machine-related and / or design-related and / or process-related and / or based on electrical components of the extruder plant and / or supplier-related and / or user-related.

Machine-related parameters relate in particular to components of the extruder installation and / or components thereof that are moved by a drive system.

Design related parameters relate to the design, construction, design and layout of the extruder plant and / or a component thereof.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the at least one retrieved parameter is compared with the at least one stored parameter.

The non-contact control is related in an alternative of the invention to the extruder plant and / or the component of the extruder plant and / or on the computer thereof.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the means for controlling movement is a joystick or a laser pointer or a contact or other input device arranged on a human finger.

Preferably, the at least one parameter for visualization is arranged horizontally and / or vertically in at least one device for optical projection with respect to at least two levels of the extruder installation and / or the component thereof.

The vertical plane relates to areas of the extruder plant and / or components of the real extruder plant, which are arranged in the direction of the operator on the real extruder plant and / or components thereof behind each other.

The horizontal plane relates to areas of the extruder plant and / or components of the real extruder plant, which are arranged side by side in the line of sight of the operator on the real extruder plant and / or components thereof.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that at least two parameters for visualization in at least one device for optical projection with respect to the levels of the extruder installation and / or component thereof are linked horizontally or vertically with each other.

Preferably, at least one parameter for visualization is selectively selected in at least one optical projection device with respect to the extruder plant levels.

For selective selection, at least one parameter is clicked, focused or selected in another way so that the visualization of the parameter in the optical device is additionally displayed.

For selective selection, at least one parameter is clicked, focused or selected in a different way so that the visualization of the parameter in the optical device does not take place.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the means for optically projecting the at least one parameter is a HoloLens.

The device for optical projection ( 215 ) is preferably augmented reality glasses.

Particularly preferably, the exchange of parameters takes place wirelessly.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method for exchanging parameters ( 9 ) is used between an operator and the extruder plant and / or components and / or the computer of the extruder plant.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the system for carrying out the method comprises an extruder installation, at least one component of the extruder installation, a computer of the extruder installation in which parameters are stored as setpoint values and / or actual values in at least one data record. It further provides that parameters of the extruder installation and / or component can be called up as desired value and / or actual values, and that a means for optically projecting the parameters and a means for visual focusing ( 219 ) and / or for executing a gesture control and / or a means for voice control and / or a means for controlling movement by extremities of the operator are arranged.

Listing of examples of parameters of the extruder plant and / or components thereof and examples of parameter related interactions between the operator and the extruder plant and / or the components thereof and / or the computer

In the first column of the following table, components of the extruder plant are listed by way of example and not exhaustively. The second column includes, by way of example and not limitation, associated parameters of the components mentioned in the first column. The third column designates, by way of example and not limitation, interactions between the operator and the extruder plant and / or components thereof and / or the computer of the extruder plant, which relate to the parameters of the extruder plant and / or components thereof and with which the operator on extruder plant and / or components of which and the research of the extruder plant acts. Component of the extruder plant parameter Interaction between operator and extruder plant 1st process room Length; Width; Height; Print; temperature Check temperature; Check pressure; Check for foreign objects 2. extruder screw Length, diameter, crest height, crest width; Web width of the screw Checking the torque of the worm shaft; Checking the worm output number; Display of the noise emission of the screw 3. Housing Length; Width; height Check for external damage; Indicate case temperature; Check housing vibrations 4. Cooling system Temperature of the cooling liquid; Inlet and outlet temperature in the cooling duct system; Flow rate; maximum pressure in the cooling duct system; pH of the coolant Check cooling water line for leakage; Show the location of the valves 5. Dosing scale Weighing; Size of the scale; scale range Show weighing result; Display calibration date 6. Venting device Diameter of the venting channel; Performance of the fan; Filter permeability value Check valve; Show pressure in device; Display the degree of contamination of the filter 7. Thinliners Material name of the Thinliner; Material thickness; thickness Show the position of the thinliner; Check Thinliner for damage; - Check the temperature of the Thinliner 8th gusset Material thickness of the gusset; Designation of the material of the gusset Displaying the position of the gusset; Checking the gusset for damage; View the material thickness of the gusset 9. Core of the extruder Diameter of the core carrier; Core weight; Number of core holes for receiving worm shafts; Checking the position of the core nut; Display of the condition of the core gasket 10th screw set Length, diameter, crest height, crest width; Bridge width of: standard element; Conveying element; Displaying screw tips; Checking the screw tip for damage to property; Monitoring screw temperature; Show Return element; Shear element; Mixing element; kneading; Mass transfer element of the year of manufacture of the snail 11. Wall of the housing Wall thickness; Maximum temperature of the housing wall; Diameter of the housing bore Check the housing wall for damage; Indicating the holes in the housing wall; Display of measurement results of arranged in the housing wall temperature filler 12. Vacuum buffer Füllumfang; filling pressure; Portionierumfang; Diameter of the hopper Indicating the level of the vacuum buffer; Display the current portioning speed 13. Side feeder Diameter of the SideFeeders; Output of SideFeeders; Connection dimension of the feed housing of the SideFeeders SideFeeder: display the feed rate; Indication of self-cleaning degree; Increase and / or decrease the capacity of the SideFeeder 14. Engine and transmission of the extruder plant and / or components thereof Filling quantity of transmission oil; Filling quantity of lubricant; Motor power in kW; Speed range of the engine; Translation of the gearbox Indicating oil level of engine and transmission; Displaying the current operating power of the engine; View the selected transmission ratio of the transmission 15. barrel press Maximum compaction pressure of the ram; Duration of the discharge phase; Stroke of the press in millimeters; Press time in seconds Displaying the stamp position; Visualizing the current stamp print; Displaying the functionality of the return stroke 16. Feed roller Speed of the feed roller; Position of the weight filler; Distance between the rollers; differential speed Indicating the speed of the feed roller; Check the roller calender for damage; Display of the volume flow 17. Feed funnel Height inside (mm); Longitudinal outlet (mm); Outside diameter (mm); volume Indicating the level of the intake funnel; Display of the replacement cycles of the funnel strainer

It goes without saying that the components of the extruder installation and / or the parameters and / or the interactions required between the extruder installation and / or an associated component and the operator are meant to be exemplary only and in no way comprehensive.

• a. umfassend eine Extruderanlage (206) und/oder wenigstens eine Komponente (217) der Extruderanlage (206) und/oder einen Rechner (208)
• b. wobei zur Ermittlung des Steuerbefehls wenigstens wenigstens eine Parameters (209) der Extruderanlage (206) und/oder der wenigstens einen Komponente (217) der Extruderanlage (206) in dem Rechner (208) hinterlegbar ist ;
• c. der wenigstens eine Parameter (9) der Extruderanlage (206) und/oder der wenigstens einen Komponente (217) davon vom Rechner (208) abrufbar ist ;
• d. wobei der wenigstens eine Parameter (209) der Extruderanlage (206) und/oder der wenigstens einen Komponente (217) über ein Mittel zur Interaktion (218) abrufbar ist;
• e. und wobei der wenigstens eine Parameter (209) der Extruderanlage (206) und/oder der wenigstens einen Komponente(217) davon durch visuelles Fokussieren (219) auf einen Teil derselben und/oder durch Gestensteuerung (220) und/oder durch Sprachsteuerung (221) und/oder durch Bewegungssteuerung (222) von Extremitäten des Bedieners (223) und/oder durch einen Joystick und/oder durch ein Smartphone abrufbar ist;
• f. wobei das Abrufergebnis des wenigstens einen Parameters (209) durch eine Einrichtung (213) zur optischen Projizierung (215)visualisierbar ist;
• g. wobei das Abrufergebnis des abgerufenen Parameters (209)über die Einrichtung (213) zur optischen Projizierung (215) als rechnergestützte Erweiterung der Realitätswahrnehmung durch wenigstens einen menschlichen Sinn einblendbar und/oder übertragbar ist; und
• h. ein berührungsloser Steuerungsbefehl zur Steuerung der Extruderanlage (206) und/oder der wenigstens einen Komponente (217) davon durch den Bediener (223)ausgebbar ist;
• i. wobei der berührungslose Steuerungsbefehl mittels eines Sprachbefehls und/oder einer Gestensteuerung (220) unter Benutzung der optischen Einrichtung (213) und/oder mittels visueller Fokussierung (219) unter Benutzung der optischen Einrichtung (213) und/oder mittels Bewegungssteuerung (222) unter Benutzung der optischen Einrichtung (213) ausgebbar ist.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a system for determining and outputting a control instruction for operating an extruder installation and / or at least one component of the extruder installation

• a. comprising an extruder plant ( 206 ) and / or at least one component ( 217 ) of the extruder plant ( 206 ) and / or a computer ( 208 )
• b. wherein for the determination of the control command at least at least one parameter ( 209 ) of the extruder plant ( 206 ) and / or the at least one component ( 217 ) of the extruder plant ( 206 ) in the computer ( 208 ) is storable;
• c. the at least one parameter ( 9 ) of the extruder plant ( 206 ) and / or the at least one component ( 217 ) thereof from the computer ( 208 ) is retrievable;
• d. wherein the at least one parameter ( 209 ) of the extruder plant ( 206 ) and / or the at least one component ( 217 ) via a means of interaction ( 218 ) is retrievable;
• e. and wherein the at least one parameter ( 209 ) of the extruder plant ( 206 ) and / or the at least one component (217) thereof by visual focusing ( 219 ) to a part thereof and / or by gesture control ( 220 ) and / or by voice control ( 221 ) and / or by motion control ( 222 ) of extremities of the operator ( 223 ) and / or by a joystick and / or by a smartphone is available;
• f. wherein the retrieval result of the at least one parameter ( 209 ) by a facility ( 213 ) for optical projection ( 215 ) is visualizable;
• G. where the retrieval result of the retrieved parameter ( 209 ) on the institution ( 213 ) for optical projection ( 215 ) can be faded in and / or transferred as a computer-aided extension of the perception of reality by at least one human sense; and
• H. a non-contact control command for controlling the extruder plant ( 206 ) and / or the at least one component ( 217 ) by the operator ( 223 ) is dispensable;
• i. wherein the non-contact control command by means of a voice command and / or a gesture control ( 220 ) using the optical device ( 213 ) and / or by means of visual focusing ( 219 ) using the optical device ( 213 ) and / or by means of motion control ( 222 ) using the optical device ( 213 ) is dispensable.

For this system-relatedness apply all the above-mentioned descriptions in connection with the discussion of the inventive method and the extruder systems according to the invention or their component, so the total disclosure for the inventive system applies. This is especially true for the features listed in the dependent claims.

1

Schnecke

2

Wellenmittel

3

Bereich

4

Extrudergehäuse

5

Bereich

6

Kern

7

Material

8

Zwickel

9

freier Raum

10

Schneckenpaket

12

Ringextruder

12

Förderelement

13

Innenverzahnung

12

Eingriffsbereich

13

Innenverzahnung

15

Förderelement

17

Rücksprung

18

Spalt

19

Standardspalt

21

Knetblock

22

Spalt

23

Knetscheibe

24

Förderelement

25

Förderelement

26

Kamm

27

Kamm

28

Gummimaterial

29

Bereich freien Volumens

33a

Ring

34a

Ring

35

Ringspalt

35'

Ringspalt

36

Standardspalt

37

Spalt

38

beschichtete Gehäuseoberfläche

39

Oberfläche der Schnecke

40

Gehäuseoberfläche

41

Schneckenoberfläche

42

Standardspalt-Bereich

43

vergrößerter Spalt

44

Gehäuseoberfläche

45

gereinigte Gehäuseoberfläche

45

Verschleißschutz-Einsatz

46

Ringextruder-Gehäuse

47

Inliner

48

Kühlbohrungen

49

Kühlkanalsystem

50

Verschleißschutz-Einsatz/ Thinliner

51

Kühlbohrung

52

heat pipe

53

Schneckenspitze

54

Schneckentragwelle

55

Flüssigkeitsleitung

56

Kühlflüssigkeit

57

erwärmte Kühlflüssigkeit

58

Dampf

59

Ringextruder

60

Hauptkomponenten

61

Polymer

62

Kautschuk

63

Additiv

64

Füllstoff

65

Zusatzstoff

66

SideFeeder

67

Vakuumanlage

68

Vakuumstuffer

69

Antrieb

70

Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe

71

Co-Extruder

73

Anlage

74

Steuerung

75

Feststoffdosierungsvorrichtung

77, 78, 79

Flüssigkeitsdosierungsvorrichtung

81

Einzelpresse

80, 81, 82

Fasspresse

83, 84, 85, 86

Einspritzventil

87

Entgasungsgehäuse

88

Anschlussöffnung

89

Domgehäuse

90

Schlitzvorrichtung

91

Austrittsbereich

92

Ende des Ringextruders/ Kern des Extruders

93

Kautschukballen-Aufgabevorrichtung

94

Ballenspalter

95

Mühle

96

Trennmitteldosierungsvorrichtung

97

Trennmittel-Rückführungsvorrichtung

98

Gebläse

99

Zyklon

100

Metallabscheider

101

Rührwerk-Vorlagebehälter

102

Feststoffdosierungsvorrichtung

103

Flüssigkeitsdosierungsvorrichtung

105

Co-Extruder

106

Fördereinrichtung/ Zahnradpumpe

107

SideFeeder

108

Vakuumpumpe /-düse

109

Einzugstrichter

110

Aufbereitungsanlage

111

Speisewalze

112

Gummistreifenvorlagevorrichtung

113

Dosierstation

114

Düse

115

Einzugstricher

116

Einzugstricher

100

Metallabscheider

101

Rührwerk-Vorlagebehälter

102

Feststoffdosierung

103

Flüssigkeitsdosierung

112

Gummistreifenvorlage

113

Dosierstation

109, 115, 116

Einzugstrichter

201

Auge

202

AU-Hardware

203

Brille

204

Blickrichtung

205

Aggregat

206

Extruderanlage

207

Kamera

208

Rechner

209

Parameter

210

Signal

211

Projektor

212

Betriebsanleitung

213

Einrichtung zur optischen Projizierung; Brillenglas

214

Abstand

215

Projizierung

216

Finger

217

Komponente

218

Interaktion

219

Fokussieren

220

Gestensteuerung

221

Sprachsteuerung

222

Bewegungssteuerung

223

Bediener

224

Ebene

225

Ebene

226

Mittel zur optischen Projizierung

480, 481, 482

Kühlwasseranschluss

500

Korrosionsschutzeinsatz/ Thinliner

510

Korrosionsschutzeinsatz/ Inliner

590

Gehäuse

591, 592

Öffnung

705

Getriebelaterne

710

Gehäuse

720

Adapter

721

Adapter

790

Seitenextruder-Gehäuse

H

Größe des Ringspalts

References list

1

slug

2

shaft center

3

Area

4

extruder barrel

5

Area

6

core

7

material

8th

gore

9

blank

10

screw package

12

RingExtruder

12

impeller

13

internal gearing

12

engagement area

13

internal gearing

15

impeller

17

return

18

gap

19

standard gap

21

kneading block

22

gap

23

kneading disk

24

impeller

25

impeller

26

Comb

27

Comb

28

rubber material

29

Free volume area

33a

ring

34a

ring

35

annular gap

35 '

annular gap

36

standard gap

37

gap

38

coated housing surface

39

Surface of the snail

40

housing surface

41

screw surface

42

Standard gap area

43

enlarged gap

44

housing surface

45

cleaned housing surface

45

Wear protection use

46

RingExtruder housing

47

inline

48

cooling holes

49

Cooling duct system

50

Wear protection insert / Thinliner

51

cooling hole

52

heat pipe

53

screw tip

54

Screw support shaft

55

liquid line

56

coolant

57

heated coolant

58

steam

59

RingExtruder

60

main components

61

polymer

62

rubber

63

additive

64

filler

65

additive

66

sidefeeder

67

vacuum system

68

vacuum stuffer

69

drive

70

Power split transmission

71

Co-extruder

73

investment

74

control

75

Solids metering device

77, 78, 79

Liquid metering device

81

Single Press

80, 81, 82

barrel press

83, 84, 85, 86

Injector

87

degassing barrel

88

port opening

89

dome housing

90

slitter

91

exit area

92

End of the ring extruder / core of the extruder

93

Rubber bale feeder

94

ball splitter

95

Mill

96

Release agent dosing device

97

Release agent recirculator

98

fan

99

cyclone

100

Metal separators

101

Agitator-feed tank

102

Solids metering device

103

Liquid metering device

105

Co-extruder

106

Conveyor / gear pump

107

sidefeeder

108

Vacuum pump / nozzle

109

feed hopper

110

processing plant

111

feed roll

112

Rubber strip template device

113

dosing

114

jet

115

feeder hustler

116

feeder hustler

100

Metal separators

101

Agitator-feed tank

102

Solid dosage

103

liquid dosage

112

Rubber strip template

113

dosing

109, 115, 116

feed hopper

201

eye

202

AU hardware

203

glasses

204

line of sight

205

aggregate

206

extrusion line

207

camera

208

computer

209

parameter

210

signal

211

projector

212

operating manual

213

Device for optical projection; lens

214

distance

215

projecting

216

finger

217

component

218

interaction

219

Focus

220

gesture control

221

voice control

222

motion control

223

operator

224

level

225

level

226

Means for optical projection

480, 481, 482

Cooling water connection

500

Corrosion protection insert / Thinliner

510

Corrosion protection insert / inliner

590

casing

591, 592

opening

705

transmission lantern

710

casing

720

adapter

721

adapter

790

Side extruder housing

H

Size of the annular gap

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2642331 A1 [0002]
• WO 2007/066166 A1 [0003]
• DE 10228252 A1 [0004]
• DE 102005061211 A1 [0005]
• DE 102008021607 A1 [0006]
• DE 102015204181 A1 [0007]
• DE 102004050383 A1 [0008]
• DE 202004004718 U1 [0009]
• DE 862668 [0059]
• DE 102008016862 A1 [0069]
• DE 202014002902 [0088]
• DE 10315200 A1 [0163]
• DE 102008022421 A1 [0163]

Claims (16)

Method for controlling an extruder installation (206) and / or at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206) and / or a computer (208) thereof by interaction (218) between the operator (223) and the extruder installation (206) and / or the at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206) and / or the computer (208) thereof, comprising the steps: a. Depositing at least one parameter (209) of the extruder installation (206) and / or the at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206) in the computer (208); b. Retrieving at least one parameter (9) of the extruder plant (206) and / or the at least one component (217) thereof from the computer (208); c. wherein retrieving the at least one parameter (209) of the extruder plant (206) and / or the at least one component (217) is via a means for interaction (218); d. and wherein retrieving the at least one parameter (209) of the extruder plant (206) and / or the at least one component (217) thereof by visually focussing (219) on a portion thereof and / or by gesture control (220) and / or voice control (221) and / or by motion control (222) of extremities of the operator (223) and / or by a joystick and / or by a smartphone; e. Visualizing the retrieval result of the at least one parameter (209) by means (213) for optical projection (215): f. the means (213) for optically projecting (215) as a computer-aided extension of the perception of reality by at least one human sense by means of insertion and / or transmission of the retrieved parameter (209) is made possible; G. Issuing a non-contact control command to control the extruder plant (206) and / or the at least one component (217) thereof by the operator (223); H. wherein the output of the non-contact control command by means of a voice command and / or a gesture control (220) using the optical device (213) and / or by means of visual focusing (219) using the optical device (213) and / or by means of motion control (222) using the optical device (213). Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the parameters (209) are formed as actual values and / or as desired values. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the parameters (209) related to the machine and / or construction and / or process related and / or electrical components (217) of the extruder plant (206) and / or supplier-related and / or user-related. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one retrieved parameter (209) is compared with the at least one stored parameter (209). Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the non-contact control on the extruder plant (206) and / or the component (217) of the extruder plant (206) and / or on the computer (208) thereof is related. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the means for controlling movement (222) is a joystick or a laser pointer or a contact or other input device arranged on a human finger. Method according to Claim 1 characterized in that the at least one visualization parameter (209) is provided in at least one optical projection device (215) with respect to at least two planes (224; 225) of the extruder plant (206) and / or component (217 ) of which horizontally and / or vertically to each other. Method according to Claim 1 characterized in that at least two visualization parameters (9) in at least one optical projection (215) means (215) relative to the planes (224; 225) of the extruder plant (206) and / or component (217) thereof are horizontal or linked vertically with each other. Method according to Claim 1 characterized in that the at least one visualization parameter (209) is selectively selected in at least one optical projection device (213) with respect to the planes (224; 225) of the extruder plant (206). Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the means (226) for optically projecting (215) the at least one parameter is a HoloLens. Method according to Claim 1 characterized in that the means (213) for optical projection (215) is an augmented reality goggle. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the device (213) for optical projection (215) is a mixed-reality spectacle. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exchange of the parameters (209) takes place wirelessly. Method according to one of the preceding claims for exchanging at least one parameter (209) between an operator (223) and the extruder installation (206) and / or at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206) and / or the computer (208) Extruder plant (206) and / or the component (217) of the extruder plant (206). Plant for carrying out the method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 14 comprising an extruder installation (206) or at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206), a computer (208) of the extruder installation (206) and / or the component (117) of the extruder installation (206), in which the parameter (209 ) is stored as the desired value and / or actual value and in which the at least one parameter (209) of the extruder installation (206) and / or component (217) can be called up as desired value and / or actual value (226) for optically projecting (215) the at least one parameter (209) and means (226) for visually focussing (219) and / or executing gesture control (220) and / or voice control means (221) and / or means for controlling movement (222) by limbs of the operator (223). System for determining and outputting a control instruction for operating an extruder installation and / or at least one component of the extruder installation a. comprising an extruder installation (206) and / or at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206) and / or a computer (208) b. wherein at least one parameter (209) of the extruder installation (206) and / or of the at least one component (217) of the extruder installation (206) can be stored in the computer (208) to determine the control command; c. the at least one parameter (9) of the extruder installation (206) and / or the at least one component (217) thereof can be called up by the computer (208); d. wherein the at least one parameter (209) of the extruder installation (206) and / or the at least one component (217) is retrievable via a means for interaction (218); e. and wherein the at least one parameter (209) of the extruder plant (206) and / or the at least one component (217) thereof is visually focussed (219) on a portion thereof and / or by gesture control (220) and / or voice control (221 ) and / or by motion control (222) of extremities of the operator (223) and / or by a joystick and / or by a smartphone is retrievable; f. wherein the retrieval result of the at least one parameter (209) can be visualized by means (213) for optical projection (215); G. wherein the retrieval result of the retrieved parameter (209) via the means (213) for optical projection (215) as a computer-aided extension of the perception of reality by at least one human sense is superimposed and / or transferable; and H. a non-contact control command for controlling the extruder installation (206) and / or the at least one component (217) thereof can be output by the operator (223); i. wherein the non-contact control command using a voice command and / or a gesture control (220) using the optical device (213) and / or by means of visual focusing (219) using the optical device (213) and / or by means of motion control (222) using the optical device (213) can be output.

Images