DE102017122447A1 - Method for producing a workpiece with a non-circumferential profile by means of a lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a workpiece (14) with a non-rotating profile (P1, P2) by means of a lathe, with a main spindle (3) driven by a main spindle motor (1) with a chuck attached thereto, one mounted on a machine bed (4 ) slidably supported in a z-direction and manually deliverable bed sled (5), one on the bed carriage (5) in a direction perpendicular to the z-direction x-direction manually deliverable cross slide (6) which is either drivingly with a with a servomotor ( 9) driven Zugspindel (10) is coupled, and one on the cross slide (6) supported manually deliverable upper slide (7) and a controller (13) for controlling the main spindle (1) - and the servo motor (9), wherein for producing the Profiling (P1, P2) the following steps are carried out: a) spreading a mounted on the plan (6) - or upper slide (7) milling tool (11, 12), b) selecting a in the S (13) provided drive program and setting a profile (P1, P2) corresponding rotation angle (a) for the main spindle (3), c) manual delivery of the plan (6) - or upper slide (7) in the z or x direction and d) start of the drive program, whereby the main spindle (3) is rotated exclusively through the rotation angle (a), so that by means of the milling tool (11, 12) the profile (P1, P2) is at least partially produced in the workpiece (14).

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a workpiece with a non-circumferential profile by means of a lathe and a computer program product.

Conventional lathes are well known in the art. Such lathes have a main spindle which is driven by a main spindle motor. A chuck is usually attached to the main spindle. On a machine bed, a bed carriage is slidably supported in a z-direction, which is manually deliverable. The bed carriage in turn carries a in a direction perpendicular to the z-direction x direction manually deliverable cross slide. The cross slide may optionally be drivingly coupled to a traction spindle driven by a servo motor. On the cross slide a manually deliverable upper slide is also supported. The upper slide is pivotable and can be delivered in particular, for example, in the z-direction or in the x-direction manually. Further, a controller for controlling the main spindle and the servomotor is provided. Such a conventional lathe is used to produce individual workpieces or small batches. Thus, it is disadvantageously not readily possible, for. B. produce a workpiece with a non-circumferential profile.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a process which is as simple as possible to produce a workpiece with a non-circumferential profile by means of a conventional lathe is to be specified.

This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 13. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the features of claims 2 to 12.

1. a) Bereitstellen eines auf dem Plan- oder Oberschlitten montierten Fräswerkzeugs,
2. b) Wahl eines in der Steuerung vorgesehenen Antriebsprogramms und Einstellen eines zum Profil korrespondierenden Drehwinkels für die Hauptspindel,
3. c) manuelles Zustellen des Plan- oder Oberschlittens in z- oder x-Richtung und
4. d) Start des Antriebsprogramms, wodurch die Hauptspindel ausschließlich über den Drehwinkel rotiert wird, sodass mittels des Fräswerkzeugs das Profil zumindest abschnittsweise im Werkstück hergestellt wird.

According to the invention, a method for producing a workpiece with a non-rotating profile by means of a lathe is proposed, wherein the lathe driven by a main spindle motor main spindle attached thereto chuck, slidably supported on a machine bed in a z-direction and manually undeliverable bed carriage in that a cross slide manually deliverable on the bed carriage in an x-direction perpendicular to the z-direction, which can be selectively coupled to a drive spindle driven by a servomotor, and a manually displaceable upper slide supported on the cross slide and a control for controlling the main spindle and the servomotor, wherein the following steps are used to produce the profile:

1. a) providing a milling tool mounted on the plan or upper slide,
2. b) selecting a drive program provided in the control and setting a rotation angle corresponding to the profile for the main spindle,
3. c) manual delivery of the plan or upper slide in the z or x direction and
4. d) Start of the drive program, whereby the main spindle is rotated solely on the rotation angle, so that by means of the milling tool, the profile is at least partially produced in the workpiece.

For the purposes of the present invention, a "non-circumferential profile" is understood to mean a profile which extends over an angle of less than 360 ° on the workpiece. The profile may, for example, be a radial groove on an outer circumference of the workpiece or an axial groove on an end face of the workpiece. With the method according to the invention, it is also possible to produce oblique grooves which also extend, for example, on the lateral surface of the workpiece in the z-direction.

With the main spindle motor, the main spindle can be rotated by a predetermined angle of rotation via the control. In this case, at least in sections, the profile can be produced in the workpiece by means of a previously supplied milling tool. By setting the profile in the drive program, expediently also stored, can be produced with the inventive method using conventional lathes quickly and easily small series of workpieces with a complex geometry.

The angle of rotation is conveniently set by entering a lower angle limit and an upper angle limit. If only the rotation angle, for example 60 °, is specified, the current position of the main spindle is automatically taken as the lower angle limit value and stored as the lower angle limit value. The exact indication of a lower and upper angular limit, however, is particularly advantageous if the workpiece has several non-circumferential profiles.

According to a further advantageous refinement, a path speed describing the relative speed of the workpiece to the milling tool is set in the drive program and, by means of the drive program, a first rotational speed of the main spindle motor is set therefrom certainly. Thus, the milling tool can be used effectively and gently. The web speed for the milling tool is determined in particular by the material from which the workpiece is made.

Advantageously, the first rotational speed is automatically adjusted when the distance of the milling tool from the axis of rotation of the main spindle changes. Thus, the web speed can be kept constant. It can thus be further improved the efficiency of the milling process.

According to a further embodiment, a second rotational speed for the milling tool can be set in the drive program. The second rotational speed results from the type of milling tool used and from the material to be milled.

In the drive program, a direction of rotation of the main spindle and / or a further direction of rotation of the milling tool can be adjusted. Furthermore, a coupling of the direction of rotation of the main spindle with the other direction of the milling tool can be adjusted. This is particularly advantageous if the direction of rotation of the main spindle is changed repeatedly.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, after reaching the upper or lower angle limit, an opposite rotational movement of the main spindle is performed only after entering a corresponding command in the drive program. That is, upon reaching an upper or lower angle limit, the rotation of the main spindle is automatically stopped. It is then possible to supply the plan or upper slide further in the z or x direction manually and then to turn the main spindle in an opposite direction by entering a corresponding command in the drive program.

Advantageously, in a repetition of steps c) and d), the main spindle and the milling tool are respectively rotated in the opposite direction.

According to a further embodiment, the conventional lathe comprises a coordinate measuring and display device. Thus, the z and x coordinates of the top slide or a milling tool received thereon can be continuously measured and transmitted to the controller. In the drive program, end coordinates can advantageously be entered for the manual infeed of the plan or upper slide. When the final coordinates are reached, the main spindle and / or servomotor can be stopped automatically. This makes it possible, for example, to specify a depth of the profile to be produced.

• b1) Zusätzlich zum Schritt b): Eingabe von Anfangs- und Endkoordinaten in das Antriebsprogramm,
• c1) Einkuppeln des Planschlittens in die Zugspindel,
• c2) manuelles Zustellen des Oberschlittens in z-Richtung,
• d1) Start des Antriebsprogramms, wodurch die Hauptspindel ausschließlich über den Drehwinkel rotiert und gekoppelt dazu der Planschlitten in x-Richtung bewegt werden, so dass mittels des Fräswerkzeugs das Schrägprofil zumindest abschnittsweise im Werkstück hergestellt wird.

According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the following steps are carried out to produce a helical profile:

• b1) In addition to step b): input of start and end coordinates into the drive program,
• c1) engaging the cross slide in the traction spindle,
• c2) manual feed of the top slide in the z-direction,
• d1) start of the drive program, whereby the main spindle rotates exclusively on the rotation angle and coupled to the cross slide are moved in the x direction, so that by means of the milling tool, the inclined profile is at least partially produced in the workpiece.

The proposed method is used to produce a helical profile z. B. in an end face of the workpiece. The steps c1), c2) replace step c) and step d1) replace step d).

• b1) Zusätzlich zum Schritt b): Eingabe von z-Anfangs- und Endkoordinaten in das Antriebsprogramm,
• c1) Einkuppeln des Bettschlittens in die Zugspindel,
• c2) manuelles Zustellen des Plan- oder des Oberschlittens in x-Richtung,
• d1) Start des Antriebsprogramms, wodurch die Hauptspindel über den Drehwinkel rotiert und gekoppelt dazu der Bettschlitten in z-Richtung bewegt werden, so dass mittels des Fräswerkzeugs das Schrägprofil zumindest abschnittsweise im Werkstück hergestellt wird.

According to an alternative embodiment, the following steps can be carried out to produce a helical profile:

• b1) In addition to step b): input of z start and end coordinates into the drive program,
• c1) engaging the bed carriage in the pulling spindle,
• c2) manual feed of the plan or upper slide in the x-direction,
• d1) Start of the drive program, whereby the main spindle rotates over the rotation angle and coupled to the bed carriage are moved in the z-direction, so that by means of the milling tool, the inclined profile is at least partially produced in the workpiece.

The alternative method allows the production of a helical profile z. B. in a lateral surface of the workpiece.

In the aforementioned method for producing a slanted profile, intermediate coordinates can also be entered in addition to the start and end coordinates. This allows the production of complex inclined profiles, which may for example also have stages.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a computer program product for making a Workpiece with a non-rotating profile proposed by means of a lathe comprising computer program instructions on a computer readable program memory, the computer program instructions causing the controller to carry out the inventive method when the instructions are read and executed by the controller.

The controller is a computer on which the computer program product can be stored.

With the computer program product according to the invention, suitable conventional lathes can be retrofitted and prepared for carrying out the method according to the invention.

The method according to the invention makes it possible in a simple and cost-effective manner to produce workpieces with complex geometries by means of a conventional lathe.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht einer konventionellen Drehmaschine,
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Stirnseite eines Werkstücks,
• 3 ein Werkstück mit einer sich in Axialrichtung erstreckenden Axialnut, und
• 4 ein Werkstück mit einer sich in Radialrichtung erstreckenden Radialnut.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• 1 a schematic view of a conventional lathe,
• 2 a plan view of the front side of a workpiece,
• 3 a workpiece having an axially extending axial groove, and
• 4 a workpiece having a radial groove extending in the radial direction.

In 1 is with the reference numeral 1 denotes a main spindle motor, which for example via a toothed belt 2 a main spindle 3 drives, the main spindle 3 is about a rotation axis D rotatable. On a machine bed 4 is slidably in a z-direction a bed sled 5 supported, which is manually deliverable. With the reference number 6 is one on the bed sled 5 in a direction perpendicular to the z-direction x-direction manually deliverable cross slide called. On the sled 6 is a top sled 7 which is pivotable about a perpendicular to the z and x direction y direction. The upper slide 7 is by means of a handwheel 8th manually, for example in the x or z direction, deliverable.

With the reference number 9 is a servomotor, which is a tension spindle 10 drives. The tension spindle 10 is optional with the cross slide 6 coupled, so that the cross slide 6 through the servomotor 9 is reciprocable in the x direction.

On the upper slide 7 is a milling tool 11 taken, which by means of a milling drive 12 is rotatable. A controller controls the movements of the main spindle motor 1 as well as the servomotor 9 , In a chuck not shown here is a workpiece 14 added.

Below is the function of one with the controller 13 executable drive or computer program using the example of several profiles explained in more detail.

2 shows a plan view of an end face of the workpiece 14 , To carry out the method, a lower angular limit value is initially set in the drive program W1 and an upper angle limit W2 entered. The lower angle limit W1 and the upper angle limit W2 close a rotation angle α one. Instead of the angle limits W1 . W2 can also be the angle of rotation α be entered. In this case, the lower angle limit W1 the current position of the main spindle 3 hergenommen. In 2 is the angle of rotation α about 90 °. After specification of the angle of rotation α becomes the milling drive 12 started and the milling tool 11 rotates.

For the production of in 3 shown axial profile, the milling tool, for example, at the lower angular limit W1 Manually delivered in the z-direction over a given path. The specification of the path is individual and can be based on the experience of an operator of the lathe. After the milling tool on the predetermined path in the workpiece 14 , for example in the range of the lower angle limit W1 has milled, the drive program is started. As a result, the main spindle rotates 3 over the rotation angle α from the lower angle limit W1 to the upper angle limit W2 , This results in the 3 shown first profile P1 , whose profile depth is determined by the initial delivery in the z-direction. Once the upper angle limit W2 is reached, stops the rotation of the main spindle 3 automatically. There is then the possibility of the milling tool 11 continue to deliver in z-direction and subsequently the drive program by entering an appropriate command in the controller 13 start again. In this case, the main spindle moves 3 in the opposite direction, ie from the upper angle limit W2 towards the lower angle limit W1 , Once the lower angle limit W1 has been reached, stops the rotation of the main spindle 3 automatically. In this way, successively a non-circulating first profile P1 in a front side of a workpiece 14 getting produced. It is also possible to specify end coordinates in the z direction. If the final coordinates are reached during manual feed-in, the milling drive automatically becomes, for example 12 and / or the main spindle motor 1 stopped.

4 shows a workpiece 14 with a second profile produced on its circumferential lateral surface P2 , It is an inclined profile. For the production of the second profile P2 the procedure is as follows:

First, the angle of rotation in the drive program α or the lower angle limit W1 and the upper angle limit W2 set. Furthermore, a first z-coordinate z1 and a second z-coordinate z2 entered. The first z-coordinate z1 is at the lower angle limit, the second z-coordinate z2 at the upper angle limit W2 , Subsequently, the bed carriage is in the Zugspindel 10 engaged. It will now be the plan manually 6 - or the upper slide 7 delivered over a predetermined path in the x direction, so that the milling tool 11 into the workpiece 14 milled. Then the drive program is started. By means of the drive program becomes the main spindle 3 around the angle of rotation α from the lower angle limit W1 to upper angle limit W2 rotates. At the same time by means of the servomotor 9 over the tension spindle 10 the bed sled 5 from the first z-coordinate z1 to the second z-coordinate z2 emotional. As a result, the oblique second profile results on the lateral surface P2 , Similar to the first profile P1 can then rotate the main spindle 3 as well as the bed sled 5 be reversed and the milling tool for recessing the radial groove P2 from the upper angle limit W2 to the lower angle limit W1 be moved back.

As a further parameter in the drive program, a first rotational speed of the main spindle and a second rotational speed of the milling drive 12 be entered. Further, a web speed which sets a ratio between the first and second rotational speeds may be set. When setting a web speed and a predetermined second rotation speed for the milling tool 11 For example, the first rotation speed for the main spindle can be calculated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Main spindle motor

2

toothed belt

3

main spindle

4

machine bed

5

bedslide

6

cross slide

7

top slide

8th

handwheel

9

servomotor

10

feed shaft

11

milling tool

12

milling drive

13

control

14

workpiece

D

axis of rotation

P1

first profile

P2

second profile

W1

lower angle limit

W2

upper angle limit

z1

first Z-coordinate

z2

second Z-coordinate

α

angle of rotation

Claims (13)

Method for producing a workpiece (14) with a non-circumferential profile (P1, P2) by means of a lathe, with a main spindle (3) driven by a main spindle motor (1) with a chuck attached thereto, one mounted on a machine bed (4) in a z Direction displaceably supported and manually deliverable bed carriage (5), one on the bed carriage (5) in a direction perpendicular to the z-direction x-direction manually deliverable cross slide (6) which optionally drivingly with a servomotor (9) driven traction spindle (10) is coupled, and one on the cross slide (6) supported manually deliverable upper slide (7) and a controller (13) for controlling the main spindle (1) - and the servomotor (9), wherein for producing the profile (P1, P2) the following steps are carried out: a) providing a milling tool (11, 12) mounted on the plan (6) or top slide (7), b) selecting a drive program provided in the controller (13) and setting a rotation angle (a) corresponding to the profile (P1, P2) for the main spindle (3), c) manual delivery of the plan (6) - or upper slide (7) in the z or x direction and d) Start of the drive program, whereby the main spindle (3) is rotated exclusively through the rotation angle (a), so that by means of the milling tool (11, 12), the profile (P1, P2) at least partially in the workpiece (14) is produced. Method according to Claim 1 wherein the angle of rotation (a) is adjusted by an input of a lower angular limit value (W1) and an upper angular limit value (W2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the drive program a web speed describing the relative speed of the workpiece (14) to the milling tool (11) is set and from this a first rotational speed of the main spindle motor (1) is determined by means of the drive program. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first rotational speed is automatically adjusted when changing a distance of the milling tool (11) from the axis of rotation (D) of the main spindle (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the drive program, a second rotational speed for the milling tool (11) is set. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the drive program, a direction of rotation of the main spindle (3) and / or a further direction of rotation of the milling tool (11) is adjusted. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the drive program, a coupling of the direction of rotation of the main spindle (3) with the further direction of rotation of the milling tool (11) is adjustable. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein after reaching the upper angular limit value (W1) or lower angular limit value (W2) an opposite rotational movement of the main spindle (3) is performed only after input of a corresponding command in the drive program. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in a repetition of steps c) and step d), the main spindle (3) and the milling tool (11) are rotated in opposite directions. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the drive program end coordinates for the manual infeed of the plan (6) - or top slide (7) are entered and upon reaching the end coordinates of the main spindle (1) - and / or the servo motor (9) is stopped automatically , Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the following steps are carried out for producing a helical profile: b1) In addition to step b): input of x start and end coordinates into the drive program, c1) engaging the cross slide (6) in the traction spindle (10), c2) manual feed of the upper slide (7) in the z-direction, d1) start of the drive program, whereby the main spindle (3) exclusively over the rotation angle (a) rotates and coupled to the cross slide (6) are moved in the x direction, so that by means of the milling tool (11, 12), the inclined profile at least partially in Workpiece (14) is produced. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 11 in which the following steps are carried out to produce a helical profile: b1) In addition to step b): input of z start and end coordinates (21, 22) into the drive program, c1) coupling of the bed carriage (5) into the pulling spindle (10 c2) manual feed of the plan (6) or the top slide (7) in the x-direction, d1) start of the drive program, whereby the main spindle (3) rotates exclusively over the rotation angle (a) and coupled to the bed carriage (5 ) are moved in the z-direction, so that by means of the milling tool (11), the inclined profile (P2) at least partially in the workpiece (14) is produced. A computer program product for producing a workpiece having a non-rotating profile (P1, P2) by means of a lathe comprising computer program instructions on a computer readable program storage medium, the computer program instructions causing the controller (13) to carry out the method of any one of the preceding claims when the instructions from Control (13) are read and executed.

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