DE102017120378A1 - INTERIOR-LOCATION-BASED CONTROL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES IN THE METAL-PROCESSING INDUSTRY - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of an indoor location system (5) in manufacturing control is disclosed. In this case, the indoor location system (5) has a plurality of permanently installed transceiver units (13) for location determination of a plurality of mobile units (15), which takes place in particular via a transit time evaluation of electromagnetic (radio) signals. The use of the indoor location system (5) is carried out for assigning one of the mobile units (15) to one or more workpieces (23) in a steel and / or sheet processing industrial production facility, for determining the position of the associated workpieces (13) by locating the associated mobile unit (13). 15) with the interior location system (5) and for integration of the indoor location system (5) in a production control system (1) of the industrial production plant.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for monitoring and controlling manufacturing processes, in particular of process sequences in the industrial production of workpieces in steel and / or sheet metal processing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for workpiece position monitoring in production halls of the metalworking industry, especially in steel and / or sheet metal processing. Furthermore, the invention relates to the assignment of workpieces to process flows in the context of manufacturing control.

By way of example for the metalworking industry, in industrial steel and / or sheet metal processing many parts of different sizes are often supplied to a very wide variety of processing steps. For example, workpieces on machine tools, z. As laser cut or punched sheet metal parts, sorted and supplied to further processing steps. Cut or punched workpieces are often made available after the machining process in a composite the respective downstream production step. The various process flows are usually performed manually based on a visual comparison with paper-based documents. However, if many different part shapes are cut, a variety of processing steps carried out and approached different areas in a production hall for steel and / or sheet metal processing, so such monitoring and control operations are complex and error-prone. Thus, a high variety of parts errors in the parts allocation and subsequent processing steps, eg. B. during order-specific storage in provided workpiece collection units or when transferring to the subsequent processing step, cause. Are z. B. parts stored incorrectly, a subsequent processing step can be adversely affected, eg. B. be carried out incorrectly.

Thus, a physical material flow is usually synchronized discretely at booking stations manually with processing steps to be performed, so that often no detailed or only a delayed evaluation can take place.

For example, from the (unpublished) German patent applications DE 10 2016 120 132.4 ("Workpiece collection unit and method for supporting the machining of workpieces") and DE 10 2016 120 131.6 ("Absortierunterstützungsverfahren und Flachbettwerkzeugmaschine") with filing date October 21, 2016 methods for supporting the Absortiervorgangs of flat-rolled machine tools produced workpieces, in general, methods for supporting the machining of workpieces known. Furthermore, from the German patent application EN 10 2017 107 357.4 "Absortierunterstützungsverfahren and Flachbettwerkzeugmaschine" with filing date April 5, 2017 a support method when sorting z. B. clippings of a flatbed machine tool known. The cited German patent applications are incorporated herein in their entirety.

From the US 2016/0100289 A1 For example, a location and tracking system for determining locations of mobile wireless devices is known, for example, using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, wherein, for example, by calculating arrival time differences, the locations of the devices are obtained. Motion sensors based on the UWB technology, which may be extended with acceleration sensors, for example, will be used in accordance with the US 2015/0356332 A1 For example, disclosed for the performance analysis in sports.

It is an object of this disclosure to propose methods and systems that can intelligently support manufacturing processes, particularly in the field of steel and / or sheet metal processing - generally metalworking.

At least one of these objects is achieved by a manufacturing control method according to claim 1, an indoor location system according to claim 11, a manufacturing control system according to claim 13, the use of an indoor location system according to claim 16 and a method of industrial manufacturing an end product according to claim 18. Further developments are specified in the subclaims.

• Bereitstellen mehrerer fest in der Fertigungshalle installierter Sende-Empfangseinheiten, mindestens einer Mobileinheit und einer Analyseeinheit, wobei die Sende-Empfangseinheiten und die Mobileinheit zum Aussenden und Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Signalen ausgebildet ist und die Analyseeinheit ausgebildet ist, aus Laufzeiten der elektromagnetischen Signale zwischen den Sende-Empfangseinheiten und der Mobileinheit die Positionen der Mobileinheit in der Fertigungshalle zu bestimmen,
• Zuordnen der Mobileinheit zu mindestens einem Werkstück,
• Bestimmen der Position des mindestens einen zugeordneten Werkstücks durch Lokalisierung der zugeordneten Mobileinheit mit dem Innenraum-Ortungssystem und
• Einbinden der bestimmten Position in die Fertigungssteuerung der Industriefertigungsanlage zur Fertigung des Endprodukts.

In one aspect, a method for assisting production control of process sequences in the industrial machining of workpieces by indoor locating ( 23 ), in particular in steel and / or sheet metal processing, in a production hall for the manufacture of a final product, the following steps:

• Providing a plurality of transceiver units permanently installed in the production hall, at least one mobile unit and an analysis unit, wherein the transceiver units and the mobile unit are configured to emit and receive electromagnetic signals and the analyzer unit is constructed of transit times of the electromagnetic signals between the transmitters Receiving units and the mobile unit to determine the positions of the mobile unit in the production hall,
• Associating the mobile unit with at least one workpiece,
• Determining the position of the at least one associated workpiece by locating the associated mobile unit with the indoor location system and
• Integration of the specific position into the production control of the industrial production plant for the production of the final product.

In a further aspect, an indoor location system for supporting the production control of process sequences in the industrial production of workpieces, in particular in the steel and / or sheet metal processing, in a production hall several permanently installed in the production hall transceiver units, at least one mobile unit and a Analysis unit on. The transceiver units and the at least one mobile unit are designed for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals. The analysis unit is designed to determine transit times of the electromagnetic signals between the transceiver units and the at least one mobile unit and to determine the position of the at least one mobile unit in the production hall from the transit times of the electromagnetic signals.

In a further aspect, a production control system for controlling manufacturing processes in a production hall, in particular a steel and / or sheet metal processing industrial production facility, has such an indoor location system. The indoor location system is configured to exchange and provide data on the location of at least one mobile unit in the shop floor as part of the shop floor control system, and the shop floor control system is configured to associate the acquired location of the at least one mobile unit with at least one workpiece and include it in the shop floor control.

• - Zuordnung einer der Mobileinheiten zu mindestens einem Werkstück in einer metallverarbeitenden, insbesondere stahl- und/oder blechverarbeitenden, Industriefertigungsanlage,
• - Positionsbestimmung des mindestens einen Werkstücks durch Lokalisierung der zugeordneten Mobileinheit mit dem Innenraum-Ortungssystem und
• - Einbindung des Innenraum-Ortungssystems in ein Fertigungssteuerungssystem der Industriefertigungsanlage.

A further aspect relates to the use of such an indoor positioning system in production control, wherein the positions of the mobile units, in particular with an accuracy of less than 30 cm, are determined from the transit times of the electromagnetic signals. In this case, the use of the indoor location system for

• Assignment of one of the mobile units to at least one workpiece in a metal processing, in particular steel and / or sheet metal processing, industrial production plant,
• - Position determination of the at least one workpiece by locating the associated mobile unit with the indoor location system and
• - Integration of the indoor location system in a production control system of the industrial production plant.

• - Entgegennehmen eines Fertigungsauftrags zur Fertigung des Endprodukts aus einem Werkstück mit einem in einer Datenverarbeitungsvorrichtung implementierten MES des Fertigungssteuerungssystems,
• - Auswählen einzelner Bearbeitungsschritte mit dem MES,
• - Bestimmen einer Reihenfolge der Bearbeitungsschritte mit dem MES, wobei die Bearbeitungsschritte einzelne oder mehrere der folgenden Vorgänge umfassen: Schneiden, insbesondere Laserschneiden, Stanzen, Biegen, Bohren, Gewindeschneiden, Schleifen, Zusammenfügen, Schweißen, Nieten, Schrauben, Pressen, Behandeln der Kanten und Oberflächen;
• - Datentechnisches Zuordnen der Bearbeitungsschritte zu einer Maschine oder einer Arbeitsplatzeinheit,
• - Datentechnisches Zuordnen des Fertigungsauftrags zu einem Mobileinheitsdatensatz in dem MES,
• - Fertigen eines Werkstücks für das Endprodukt, wobei es insbesondere zu einem Teil des Endprodukts nach einem ersten der Bearbeitungsschritte an der dem Bearbeitungsschritt zugewiesenen Maschine oder Arbeitsplatzeinheit bearbeitet wird,
• - Räumliches Zuordnen der dem Fertigungsauftrag zugeordneten Mobileinheit zu dem gefertigten Werkstück,
• - Speichern einer Statusänderung des Fertigungsauftrags im MES,
• - Transport des gefertigten Werkstücks zusammen mit der Mobileinheit gemäß dem Fertigungsauftrag zu der nächsten Maschine oder Arbeitsplatzeinheit in der vorbestimmten Reihenfolge,
• - Durchführen des Bearbeitungsschritts an dieser Maschine oder Arbeitsplatzeinheit,
• - Speichern einer Statusänderung des Fertigungsauftrags im MES und
• - Durchführen der Bearbeitungsschritte des Fertigungsauftrags mit dem MES,

wobei die Position der Mobileinheit mit dem Ortungssystems auf Basis von elektromagnetischen Signalen jederzeit durch das MES bestimmbar ist und das MES zu jeder Zeit über Daten zum aktuellen Status und zur aktuellen Position des Werkstücks verfügt.In another aspect, a method for industrially manufacturing an end product using a manufacturing control system (also referred to herein as an MES (Manufacturing Execution System)) includes the following steps:

• Accepting a production order for manufacturing the final product from a workpiece with an MES of the production control system implemented in a data processing device,
• Selecting individual processing steps with the MES,
• Determining an order of the processing steps with the MES, the processing steps comprising one or more of the following operations: cutting, in particular laser cutting, punching, bending, drilling, tapping, grinding, joining, welding, riveting, screwing, pressing, edge treatment and Surfaces;
• - data-technical assignment of the processing steps to a machine or a workstation unit,
• Data-related assignment of the production order to a mobile unit data record in the MES,
• Preparing a workpiece for the end product, wherein it is processed in particular to a part of the end product after a first of the processing steps at the machine or workstation assigned to the processing step,
• Spatially allocating the mobile unit associated with the production order to the finished workpiece,
• - saving a status change of the production order in the MES,
• Transport of the finished workpiece together with the mobile unit according to the production order to the next machine or workstation unit in the predetermined order,
• Performing the processing step on this machine or workstation unit,
• - Save a status change of the production order in MES and
• Performing the processing steps of the production order with the MES,

wherein the position of the mobile unit with the location system based on electromagnetic signals at any time by the MES is determinable and the MES at any time has data on the current status and the current position of the workpiece.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit further includes an acceleration and / or position sensor, and more particularly a MEMS-based sensor and / or barometric sensor. Accordingly, the method may include integrating a signal of the acceleration and / or attitude sensor, and in particular the MEMS-based sensor and / or barometric sensor, into the controller for manufacturing the final product, wherein optionally a motion or orientation signal for the assignment of the Mobile unit is used to the at least one workpiece. Signals may be generated by shaking the mobile unit and / or specific locations of the mobile unit and / or by making specified gestures with the mobile unit. The method may further comprise evaluating image information of the at least one workpiece and / or the mobile unit, wherein the image information z. B. includes markings such as barcodes, images, etc.

In some embodiments, the method comprises associating the mobile unit with an operator, a means of transport, a machine tool or a tool, determining the position of the mobile unit associated with an operator, a means of transport, a machine tool or a tool with the indoor location system, and integrating the certain position in the control for manufacturing an end product of the industrial production plant and / or in a motion analysis of the operator, the means of transport, the machine tool or the tool.

In some embodiments, the method includes defining zones and / or spatial barriers in the shop floor, particularly in a site plan of the shop floor, and matching the particular location with respect to the zones and / or the physical barriers and controlling the manufacturing based on the match. Matching the particular position may reveal that the mobile unit has been in or has left a zone or that the mobile unit has passed a spatial barrier. The zones and / or the spatial barriers can be defined in two or three dimensions.

• - Abgeben von Signalen zur Unterstützung der Ortung;
• - Anzeigen von Information zum Fertigungszustand, insbesondere auf einem mobilen Ausgabegerät wie einem Tablett, Smartphone oder einem Überwachungsmonitor;
• - Einstellen von Betriebsparametern einer Werkzeugmaschine;
• - Aktualisieren eines Protokolls, das die Fertigung, insbesondere Bearbeitungsschritte, protokolliert;
• - Zuordnen der Mobileinheit zu einem Auftrag zur Fertigung eines oder mehrerer Endprodukte in mehreren unterschiedlichen Arbeitsschritten;

For example, incorporating the particular location into the controller to fabricate a final product may include one or more of the following steps:

• - outputting signals to assist locating;
• Displaying production status information, in particular on a mobile output device such as a tablet, smartphone or a surveillance monitor;
• - Setting operating parameters of a machine tool;
• - Updating a log that logs the production, in particular processing steps;
• Assigning the mobile unit to a job for manufacturing one or more end products in a plurality of different work steps;

Further, including the particular position in the controller to fabricate a final product may include controlling and / or monitoring
a processing of the at least one workpiece in several different steps, which are performed at different locations, but especially within the production hall;
a transport of the at least one workpiece between different steps, which are carried out at different locations, but in particular within the production hall;
machining the at least one workpiece at workplaces that are networked or integrated with the production control; and or
a processing of the at least one workpiece at workplaces that are not networked with the production control or are not integrated into this,
include.

Several workpieces, in particular those which have the same shape in the final state and have passed through the same process steps, and especially those which also belong to a common order, are referred to as workpiece-collecting units or workpiece assembly. These are usually deposited on a workpiece collection unit. It is advantageous to associate a mobile unit with each workpiece collection unit, in particular both physically (by placing the mobile unit in the vicinity of a workpiece collection unit, for example, on the workpiece collection unit) and organizationally (by digitally associating a mobile unit record with a machining plan in the production control system). In the production control system, a list of all orders (including machining plans) can be stored. Each of the jobs can be assigned to a workpiece collection unit. If, in addition, the orders are assigned to one mobile unit each, then each order can be located in the production hall at any time. This can also be done with confirmed information from workplaces and / or Machines are combined in the production control system.

The interior location and the indoor location system are distinguished by the fact that the position of the mobile units can be determined solely by the analysis unit, ie without manual interaction. Previous systems for locating workpieces or jobs in manufacturing facilities have the disadvantage that lost workpieces or jobs must be searched manually. It has been recognized that these manual searches, especially in manufacturing plants with a high number of small and constantly changing jobs, e.g. in contract manufacturing, account for a tremendous proportion of non-productive time. With the locating invention and the described system, the positions of the workpieces and thus the orders z. B. on a screen, filtered or localized. The need for time-consuming manual searches of workpieces, but also of tools or persons, can thus be drastically reduced, especially in the (steel and / or sheet metal processing) industrial production.

Further advantages of aspects disclosed herein relate to facilitating integration of indoor location into manufacturing processes.

In some embodiments, the machining of the workpiece or workpieces is controlled or monitored at workplaces that are networked or integrated with the manufacturing controller. Such machine workplaces include machines that receive and execute manufacturing instructions by data connection, in particular digitally. This can be done by the operator no or only a minimal intervention. Such machines are commonly referred to as automated or fully automated machines. Such machines can also report the status of production to a production control.

In some embodiments, the machining of the work piece (s) at workplaces that are networked or not integrated with the manufacturing control to a very low degree or not at all is controlled and / or controlled. This can be jobs in which the steps are performed manually by human hands or those that probably have machines that are only to a very low degree or not networked or can be very complex networking, such. B. so-called manual workstations, as in DE 10 2016 220 015.1 , "Hand Workstation Unit, Work Data Processing Apparatus, Hand Workstation Operating System, Hand Workstation Operating Procedures, and Hand Workstation Provisioning Procedures" are described with filing date October 13, 2016. This named German patent application is also incorporated herein in its entirety.

For example, workplaces that are networked only to a very limited extent can be manual workstations with simple machines, such as drilling, sawing, milling and bending workplaces. Their only networking can be in a surveillance system, as in the DE 10 2016 220 015.1 is described. Another networking option is the monitoring of the power consumption of such machines and the networking of the information from the power consumption. So if a machine has not consumed any power, z. B. concluded that the machine may not have completed the job yet.

In particular, the combination of manufacturing processes with workplaces that are networked with the production control or integrated into these and those that are not or only to a very small degree, today is still an important obstacle to the effective and efficient production control, because jobs after as printed on paper when coming from an automated workstation to a non-automated workstation. This slows down the production. This also makes flexibility more difficult if, for example, a job that has to be processed particularly quickly, with several process steps at several workstations, should be processed within a short time. A manufacturing company that can ensure this smoothly has advantages over its competitors who can not. With the location of the workpieces and the linking of the location with the production control, the concepts disclosed herein can enable a flexible and rapid production of end products.

Based on the concepts disclosed herein, intelligent shop floor assistance systems can utilize 2D or 3D positioning of workpieces (generally material) and optionally persons, (eg, operators), transport media, machines, tools, and more to support manufacturing processes. This makes it possible to use 2D or 3D positions as information, in addition to other sensor information determined according to the concepts disclosed herein, in the context of overall manufacturing control and digitization of factories.

The concepts disclosed herein are based on the use of a 2D / 3D indoor (indoor) location system as a starting point for location-dependent information processing. The Positioning system may optionally be equipped with other sensors, for example with acceleration and / or position sensors, and so also serve as the basis for a position-dependent information processing. As a result, in particular a location-dependent (and optionally position-dependent) interaction in the context of the 2D / 3D interior positioning system in the production control as well as an optimization of manufacturing processes becomes possible. For example, gates and zones can be used to automatically monitor and control a manufacturing process and subsequent production steps. This can be done in particular in real time.

It was recognized that the use of such location systems in consideration of the expected process operations in a production hall in a specific environment of steel and / or sheet metal processing industrial production is possible. Accordingly, such location systems can be integrated into a manufacturing control system (also referred to herein as MES (Manufacturing Execution System)). By taking into account the expected process operations in a production hall, the use of such location systems z. B. despite the existing steel and sheet metal possible, although metallic workpieces can reflect and shield the electromagnetic signals used. The use is still possible even if the metallic workpieces are still moved locally and so change the reflection surfaces constantly in their position and orientation.

Referring to the accounting of physical material flow and processing steps mentioned at the outset, the use of 2D / 3D interior location systems results in complexity in the low-cost, dynamic assignment of acquired location information to physical components. The concepts disclosed herein address this complexity and allow, for example, to associate production orders with assigned IDs without the costly interaction of a mobile unit with which the location information to be allocated is obtained.

Interior location systems allow the detailed mapping of material flows in production within a production hall into digital process processing. The location systems thereby simplify the localization of the objects / persons participating in the production in the production environment. If tools, equipment or load carriers are initially equipped with a mobile unit of the positioning system, they are to be assigned manually or automatically in accordance with digital information in the digital control system. This also applies to objects that are temporarily involved in production, such as production orders or service personnel. Temporarily required dynamic allocations can arise again and again and are required only few hours, days or weeks in the production hall. In order to enable and ensure the dynamic allocation of the mobile units to new production orders with little effort and reliability, the process aids proposed here can be used.

This applies in particular to the use of optical sensors for the simple assignment of, for example, production orders to mobile units of the positioning system. In the process, a close integration of the allocation process and manufacturing process is possible, which ensures process reliability, especially in a still predominantly manual manufacturing environment.

• - Abbildung der wechselnden Zuordnung von Aufträgen,
• - Abbildung einer Assistenz für eine Person, z. B. Bearbeiter, mit Hilfe des Ortungssystems und weiterer Sensorik, insbesondere bei der Lokalisierung von Werkstücken und Werkzeugen,
• - Gewährleisten einer prozesssicheren und aufwandsarmen Fertigung durch automatisierte Abläufe mit geringen Freiheitsgraden für den Bearbeiter,
• - Intuitiver Fertigungsablauf ohne aufwändige Informationsbeschaffung für den Bearbeiter.

The embodiments of the integration of such an indoor location technology into the processes of sheet metal fabrication disclosed herein may include the following method steps, uses and advantages:

• - mapping the changing assignment of orders,
• - Illustration of an assistant to a person, eg. B. engineer, with the help of the locating system and other sensors, especially in the localization of workpieces and tools,
• - Ensuring a process-reliable and low-effort production by automated processes with low degrees of freedom for the processor,
• - Intuitive production process without time-consuming information gathering for the processor.

Indoor positioning may be reduced to less than 30 centimeters, and more preferably less than 10 centimeters, accuracy in a manufacturing hall not accessible from GPS satellite signals, having a floor plan in the range of e.g. B. 1 ha done. This accuracy is essentially impossible with other techniques (Bluetooth, WiFi, WLAN, infrared, cellular, RFID). When locating workpieces, jobs, people (eg, operators) and / or tools, many requirements must be considered. Obviously, industrial manufacturing is becoming more and more focused on producing small batches with many individual operations (manufacturing processes such as cutting, bending, grinding, surface treatment) at different workplaces such as machine workstations and manual workplaces. So often several hundred different jobs are done in one day, which all require different steps.

As soon as only a fault occurs, the production control can very quickly become very confusing. Time-consuming, semi-finished or not yet processed orders are searched in the production hall by individual persons and their status is determined. This is then transmitted to the production control. This can lead to a considerable loss of time in the actual production.

Due to the ever faster processing steps in productive processing and the increase in the number of different orders with ever smaller number of identical parts, such failures can occur more frequently. The resulting downtime reduces the productive time. If jobs, workpieces, persons, z. As agents, and tools are quickly found, the location of at least some of these units disclosed herein is helpful in reducing absences. In particular, it meets the very high requirements for industrial production.

In industrial production, a real-time location is sought. It should be locally so accurate that mobile units can be safely found and / or assigned to the processing steps. It has been found that a location that is accurate to only 1 m, is not enough. Also, a location that causes any change in the radiation behavior of electromagnetic waves, z. B. by movement of metallic workpieces in the production hall, would have to be recalibrated, disadvantageous and often not applicable. The location should also be flexible, multiple orders should be summarized to a job, one order should be split into several orders, etc. The location should be easy to use. It should be fail-safe.

In general, the concepts disclosed herein may allow for increased process reliability, optimization of cycle times, and, correspondingly, cost optimization of production. In particular, the concepts disclosed herein may be e.g. T. cause significant time savings in the manufacturing process, with the manufacturing process z. From the production of a required number of parts to the correct transfer to a subsequent process (eg, a subsequent metal working step). Several orders can also be implemented at the same time process reliable. The concepts disclosed herein further allow easy assignment of workpieces within the tracking system. This allows open jobs to be optimized despite the complexity of multiple jobs to be processed simultaneously.

Furthermore, flexible processing of various process sequences can be carried out with the concomitant saving of time when machines such as laser cutting machines and / or punching machines are integrated into the partially automated production process. Furthermore, the avoidance of errors and the automatic, correct booking of workpieces, processing steps, etc., can lay the foundation for a data-based real-time control of metal processing (eg steel and sheet metal production). Accordingly, machine tools used in the production of small batches of workpieces can also be integrated into a production controlled by an MES in the context of Industry 4.0.

• 1 eine beispielhafte schematische Darstellung eines Fertigungssteuerungssystems mit einem Innenraum-Ortungssystem,
• 2 eine Darstellung einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform einer UWB-basierten Mobileinheit,
• 3 eine Darstellung einer weiteren beispielhaften Mobileinheit auf einem Transportwagen für Werkstücke,
• 4 einen beispielhaften digitalen Lageplan einer Fertigungshalle,
• 5 einen weiteren beispielhaften digitalen Lageplan,
• 6 eine beispielhafte Darstellung einer Werkzeugmaschine, die in ein Innenraum-Ortungssystem eingebunden ist und
• 7 ein Flussdiagramm zur Verdeutlichung einer mit einem Innenraum-Ortungssystem unterstützten Fertigung und
• 8 ein Flussdiagramm zur Verdeutlichung von Verfahrensschritten zur industriellen Fertigung eines Endprodukts.

Herein, concepts are disclosed that allow to at least partially improve aspects of the prior art. In particular, further features and their expediencies emerge from the following description of embodiments with reference to the figures. From the figures show:

• 1 an exemplary schematic representation of a production control system with an indoor location system,
• 2 4 is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a UWB-based mobile unit;
• 3 a representation of another exemplary mobile unit on a workpiece transport cart,
• 4 an exemplary digital site plan of a production hall,
• 5 another exemplary digital site plan,
• 6 an exemplary representation of a machine tool, which is integrated into an indoor location system and
• 7 a flowchart illustrating a supported with an indoor location system manufacturing and
• 8th a flowchart illustrating process steps for the industrial production of a final product.

Aspects described herein are based, in part, on the recognition that with the accuracy and reliability of new location systems based, in particular, on the UWB technology, for example with an accuracy in location of less than 30 cm, in particular less than 10 cm, the use of indoor location systems makes sense in the context of industrial production.

The detection systems disclosed herein for integration into industrial manufacturing are based on mobile units (also referred to herein as "tags") and stationary transmitters. Receiving devices (also referred to herein as "anchors" or "anchors"). In integration into industrial manufacturing, to position a workpiece, generally an asset, it is each provided with or functionally or spatially related to at least one mobile unit (also referred to herein as a physical or spatial association). The mobile units are generally electronic components that are capable of communicating with the transceivers, particularly by means of UWB communication technology. Each mobile unit can have its own time determination unit ("clock") to determine runtimes.

Spatial allocation may be performed by positioning a mobile unit near an associated workpiece or on the workpiece itself, or by placing the workpiece on a workpiece collection unit on which a mobile unit is provided, such as a trolley, sump, or pallet. The mobile unit may be fixedly mounted there (or even to a person) or attached to or deposited on the workpiece / workpiece collection unit. For attachment, the mobile unit may e.g. Example, have a holding mechanism, such as a magnet or a clamping, screw, clip, bayonet or suction device, with which it can be connected to the workpiece or on the workpiece collection unit so that they can not solve uncontrollably from this ,

In addition to the spatial assignment of a z. B. workpiece to the mobile unit can also be made an assignment of the mobile unit (and thus the spatially associated workpiece) to the associated production order of the workpiece (also referred to herein as digital allocation of the manufacturing process or short processing plan assignment).

Fully or partially automated processing plan assignments connect, for example, a production order with a specific mobile unit of the location system. They can be carried out, for example, by a combined use of an assistance system in the environment of the operator and the location system.

An example of an assistance system is an optical assistance system in which workpieces or tools grasped by the operator with optical sensors are recognized and clearly identified in the context of the available production data from the production orders for the processing plan assignment. An exemplary assistance system is mentioned in the introduction DE 10 2016 120 131.6 disclosed. Such assistance systems can also be used for the spatial assignment, for example when image data relate to the workpiece and the mobile units. Furthermore, one or more sensors provided on the mobile unit can be used for the processing plan assignment, but also for the spatial assignment, as will be explained below in connection with embodiments of the mobile unit.

The spatial allocation can then support the further tracking of the detected and associated workpiece via the localizable mobile unit during the subsequent manufacturing process. Below and in connection with the figures described below, various physical (spatial) and digital (process) assignments are exemplified. These can be used individually or in combination. The close integration of the process sequence ensures process reliability in the manual environment.

With digital assignment, the mobile units can be linked to production orders. The production orders relate to machining processes at various production stations, for example on a laser cutting machine or on a punching machine and z. B. at a picking station. To track a production order, a mobile unit can now be available. The digital assignment can be effected, for example, by positioning a mobile unit in a geometrically defined zone. If the mobile unit is present in the zone, it is linked to one of the unassigned production orders. At the same time, information about this order can be downloaded to the mobile unit at the beginning or can always be loaded up to date as needed.

The digitally assigned mobile units may, for. B. on workpiece collecting points such as cars or pallets, generally load carriers, are distributed by the operator, on which the workpieces may be stored during the production possibly camera-assisted (physical assignment). Similarly, tools can be digitally assigned to a mobile unit. As part of a machine-based digital and / or physical assignment, the mobile units can also be positioned on the load carriers by the machines in the production process if the production stations are sufficiently automated.

In the case of physical assignment, the operator or possibly a correspondingly controllable machine can store the workpieces to be allocated automatically on the load carrier next to the possibly already digitally assigned mobile unit. For example, the physical mapping becomes manual completed with a confirmation directly at the mobile unit or via the MES.

Furthermore, the physical assignment can be assisted by an assistance system following the manual handling procedure. If an engineer takes on a workpiece or a tool, this recording can be sensory detected by the assistance system. The assignment by the assistance system to an already digitally assigned mobile unit can be done, for example, in two ways. First, the operator can visually associate the real workpiece / tool with a schematic sketch that is displayed on a display unit of the mobile unit. On the other hand, by registering the successful grip of a workpiece / tool, the correspondingly assigned mobile unit can emit an optical or acoustic signal, for example.

As an alternative to the previously performed digital assignment, the assistance system can cause a mobile unit, in the vicinity of which a workpiece / tool is stored, to be digitally allocated in accordance with the type of workpiece / tool identified by the assistance system.

Alternatively or in addition to the camera-based assistance system, the dynamic assignment can be done by z. For example, order papers and / or a code (eg, bar code, QR code, etc.) of the mobile unit may be scanned. Furthermore, a common or two separate photos can be evaluated with the code of the order papers and the code of the mobile unit. In some assignment methods, a photograph of the order papers with a camera on the mobile unit (or a separate camera of the operator) may possibly be taken in addition to an optical assistance system.

Alternatively or in addition to the processing of the information on order papers, the desired geometry of the workpiece can be used. After a comparison of the geometry of the workpiece, for example, with the camera-based assistance system or the camera detected on the mobile unit with the desired geometry then information can be reloaded from the central production data system and displayed to the operator. If the image processing does not allow unambiguous identification, the operator can list a subset of the active production orders that are eligible for the acquired geometry. The operator then makes the final selection and makes the digital assignment.

This improves process reliability. Particularly similar workpieces / tools can be clearly assigned without them being confused by the operator, for example, correspondingly assigned incorrectly and processed incorrectly.

1 time schematically a manufacturing control system 1 that an MES (Manufacturing Execution System) 3 and an indoor location system 5 (herein briefly locating system).

The MES 3 is with one or more machine tools positioned in a production hall 7 via wireless or wired communication links 9 connected. Generally, the MES serves 3 the control of process sequences / manufacturing steps in the industrial production of workpieces with the machine tools 7 , It thus serves in particular to control the machine tools 7 , The MES receives this 3 Information about the process sequences / production steps as well as status information of the machine tools 7 , The MES 3 illustrates a data processing system or, generally, a data processing method that may be implemented in a data processing device. This can be a single electronic data processing device (server) or a combination of several data processing devices (server network / cloud). The data processing device or the composite may be provided locally in the manufacturing facility or may be set up remotely.

A platform on which the data processing devices can be available - that is, on which the MES 3 can be implemented, can be a so-called cloud. The cloud includes z. For example, an external server with computing and storage capacity that multiple product manufacturers can use simultaneously. Access authorizations, passwords, etc. can ensure that no manufacturer can access the data of another manufacturer or the operator of the production facility. It can be ensured that no outside third party can access the stored data. Protection against unintentional access can be ensured by the fact that the data stored in the cloud is also processed there, and the manufacturer or operator of the production plant who wishes to use the data, in turn, only processes the data in the cloud. Such cloud usages can lead to significant simplification of system configurations and concomitant cost savings.

The data processing device may include a user interface (GUI) with various application programs (APPs). With the provision of various APPs that can run a particular application program, the Manufacturing software that a company needs to be segmented built so that it needs to be retrieved as needed - as with the use of a specific APP - only if it is to be used. This allows usage to the provider providing the manufacturing software to be remunerated as needed.

The location system 5 can have multiple transceiver units 13 and at least one mobile unit 15 exhibit. The location system 5 can also with the MES 3 interact. For example, an analysis unit 11 of the location system 5 as part of the MES 3 be educated.

The transceiver units 13 may be adapted to the mobile units 15 UWB radio signals to send and receive from these UWB radio signals.

The distance between a locally mobile unit 15 and a z. B. permanently installed transceiver unit 13 , can be determined by the time the signal takes to negotiate the distance between the two units. Be the distances of several transceiver units 13 determined, whose location is known in each case, the spatial location of the mobile unit 15 in relation to the transceiver units 13 z. B. be determined by triangulation.

For a transit time determination, the transceiver unit 13 and the mobile unit (s) 15 have high-precision clocks that can accurately determine the time to a few or even fractions of ns. Even if the clocks in the transceiver unit 13 and in the mobile unit 15 are highly accurate, so the clocks are not necessarily synchronized. Different methods of synchronization of clocks or the elimination of errors following from the asynchronous clock history can be used. For example, one of the transceiver units 13 , z. As a master position determination unit, a signal at a first time T1 send and a second signal at a second time T2 , The mobile unit 15 can the time difference T2 - T1 be known or transmitted together with the signals so that they affect the time of the transceiver units 13 can synchronize. Alternatively, the mobile unit 15 send two signals in a known time interval Ta. In this case, the transceiver unit 13 determine the synchronization deviation based on their own time measurement with their own clock from the reception of the first signal to the reception of the second signal and calculate out of the distance measurement. The time interval between the first signal and the second signal should be low, so that the mobile unit has not moved significantly locally during this time. The time interval may be selected by the mobile unit to be a predetermined multiple or a predetermined fraction of the time that the mobile unit requires from receiving a signal to respond to until the first signal is output.

The transceiver units 13 may also communicate with the analyzer via wireless or wired communication links 11 be connected.

The mobile units 15 For example, you can only use the transceiver units 13 communicate. Alternatively or additionally, they can independently via other communication links 9 (For example, a WLAN connection) with the analysis unit 11 / the MES 3 communicate.

In general, the data communication of the transceiver units 13 and the mobile units 15 with the production control system 1 , especially with the MES 3 be bidirectionally possible.

In some embodiments, WLAN transmitting stations may be incorporated in the transceiver units 13 of the location system 5 for data access to the manufacturing control system 1 be integrated so that via the transceiver units 13 digital data in the production hall mobile z. B. accessible via smartphones or tablets. The integration of the WLAN transmitter stations in the transceiver units 13 can simplify the installation and operation of a data communication system in the factory floor.

The analysis unit 11 For example, it may serve as a central master position determination unit (also referred to herein as a "server"). This defines, for example, a communication framework for the UWB communication. The communication framework includes u. A. the transmission time of the frame / UWB radio signals. In some embodiments, one of the transceiver units 13 be designed as a master position determination unit.

In an exemplary implementation of the indoor location, the master position determination unit transmits one of the mobile units for position detection 15 the communication frame to the transceiver units 13 , This communication frame is used for the signal exchange for the location between the mobile units 15 and the transceiver units used. The position of the stationary transceiver units 13 with respect to the master position determination unit is the transceiver units 13 for example, by a query of a central database known, so the transceiver units 13 as well as the analysis unit 11 the time offset between transmission and reception of the UWB radio signal over the signal delay is known.

After a predetermined time interval, for. 100 ms, the master position determining unit transmits a second communication frame received from the transceiver units 13 and the mobile units 15 Will be received. By detecting the time from the beginning of the reception of the first frame to the beginning of the reception of the second frame is the transceiver units 13 and the mobile units 15 known what the master position determining unit z. B. understands exactly under 100 ms. The mobile units 15 and the transceiver units 13 Thus, the frequency of their time determination units can be synchronized with the master position determination unit.

After different, previously configured time intervals (measured from the reception of the second frame), the mobile units send 15 a reply frame. For example, a "day 1" transmits after 10 ms, a "day 2" after 20 ms, a "day 3" after 30 ms, etc. This radio transmission is transmitted by the transceiver units 13 and the exact reception time with respect to the transmission start of the second frame of the master position determination unit to the analysis unit 11 transmitted. The analysis unit 11 then determines z. B. about trilateration the position of the mobile units 15 and give these to the MES 3 further.

A group of transceiver units 13 can be assigned to a master position determination unit and the reception times can be transmitted to them. For capturing positions in large production halls or across multiple buildings or rooms, multiple groups of transceiver units may be used 13 are provided, which are each assigned to a separate master position determination unit. These master position determination units can in turn communicate with each other. Depending on the position of the mobile units 15 For example, the transmission of the reception times to different master position determination units (servers) and the execution of the trilateration can take place with these different master position determination units.

About the exemplary analysis of run times and trilateration described above, the interior positioning system 5 the position of one or more mobile units 15 via the transceiver units 13 using UWB technology. The UWB technology uses frequency ranges of, for example, 3 GHz to 5 GHz, whereby the UWB technology uses a relatively large frequency range for the formation of temporally sharply defined signal paths (communication frames). To be able to locate an object that emits radio waves as accurately as possible, you need a signal with very steep edges. That is, the signal represents a rectangular waveform over time rather than a sinusoidal waveform. This requires a signal in which several sinusoidal signals with different frequencies are superimposed. Because of several sinusoidal signals with different frequencies, a signal can be formed, which has a steep edge and can be approximated to a substantially rectangular shape over time. This means that several frequencies from a broadband frequency spectrum must be available to form a signal. Correspondingly, UWB technology, which has a broadband frequency spectrum, is particularly suitable for exact localization. The technology and the usable frequency bands of the UWB technology are described, for example, in the standard "IEEE 802.15-2015".

2 shows by way of example a mobile unit 15 , To interact with an operator with the mobile unit 15 This can be an electronically controlled display 17 For example, an e-ink display (also referred to as electronic paper display), and / or one or more signal output devices 18 (LEDs) for outputting information.

On the display 17 can z. B. information on the order, readable for human and / or machine, coded and / or presented in writing and / or as a figure. The ad 17 can also be used as a signal delivery device for a response to the user, which is the mobile unit 15 moved (eg, shakes) or actuated (eg, a key) in one of the ways described 19 suppressed).

Another example of a signal output device is a device for outputting sound, in particular in the audible range, in particular for outputting voice information.

In general, the mobile unit 15 a modulated signal source for generating modulated light, sound or vibration signals as a signal output device. It can then - similar to that in the German utility model DE 20 2016 106 352 U1 described communication device - are used as data transmitting communication device for the wireless transmission of data. By means of such a particularly camera-less communication device, a suitably supplemented mobile unit can transmit, for example, access data in interaction with an electronic signal processing unit. In this case, the communication device may have at least one sensor for receiving light, sound or vibration signals and the signal processing unit may be programmed in such a way that that it recovers the data contained therein from received, modulated signals.

Furthermore, in the mobile unit 15 at least one signal input device (exemplified in 2 a button 19 shown) for input of parameters are integrated.

The mobile unit 15 Furthermore, the signal input device may comprise a simple sensor for receiving light, sound or vibration signals, in particular a brightness sensor. It can then, as in the aforementioned DE 20 2016 106 352 U1 described, as a data receiving communication device for the wireless transmission of data, in particular access data, are used by a machine tool. For this purpose, the machine tool has at least one modulatable signal source for generating light, sound or vibration signals which have been modulated in accordance with the data to be transmitted. For example, in some embodiments, B. such devices of the machine tool can be used, which has the machine tool for machining the workpieces anyway and provide the opportunity to produce sound, vibration or modulated light fluctuations, which data to the mobile unit 15 can be transmitted.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit may 15 a transmitter and / or receiver for data transmission by means of electromagnetic induction and be designed to perform a data processing according to a predefined protocol (eg by means of RFID, NFC: near field communication). This can be achieved with particularly inexpensive hardware components, which can also be designed to save power. In general, Near Field Communication using NFC or RFID is a robust, fast and wireless near field communication.

The automated or assisted assignment can be made intuitive and process-safe by further sensors provided in the mobile unit. However, the exemplary sensors described below can also be used profitably in other contexts of manufacturing.

For example, gyroscopes, acceleration sensors, position sensors, vibration sensors and / or magnetic sensors for the earth's magnetic field can be provided. Other MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) -based sensors are also additionally or alternatively integrable.

Such sensors can bring about a more robust and accurate position determination by sensor fusion with the position data of the positioning system. In addition, one sensor (or several together) may form the basis for interaction with a person, e.g. B. form an editor, for example, gestures ("write in the air") or deliberate shocks causes. This can be done contextually depending on the location. A specific gesture in a first zone can then trigger a different action than in another zone.

The evaluation of the sensors of the mobile unit is particularly targeted and meaningful, especially when they are placed in the context of the production environment. In the warehouse area, partial quantities are formed, while welding, assembly, joining: several sensors are brought together. They can also be used for quality inspection and marking of rejects.

For example, vibration sensors can be used to identify operator interaction and identify vibration profiles (production environment documentation for specific components) to optimize the production environment. They can also be used to detect earthquakes.

The mobile unit 15 can also be a camera 20 which is adapted to be able to take pictures of workpieces and / or codes (eg barcodes or QR codes) on the workpieces or on other documents, tools or products. In this way, an assignment of workpieces and / or orders to the mobile unit 15 respectively. In addition, the mobile unit may include functionality for detecting, processing and transmitting the camera data.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit may 15 a sensor (weighing cell) for determining a weight of a workpiece and / or a workpiece collecting point and / or a filling level of a workpiece collecting point. In addition, it can have a functionality for processing and transmission of the correspondingly determined data. Furthermore, the level of a workpiece collection z. B. by magnetic induction, electrical capacity, ultrasound or camera-based or a combination of these technologies are monitored.

The mobile unit 15 may further comprise a sensor for determining a magnetic field strength. In addition, it may have functionality for processing and transmitting the data thus obtained. Such a magnetic field sensor can be used to read a magnetic encoding, the z. B. is introduced in a workpiece. In general, such sensors can serve as a basis for unambiguous identification of sheet metal components by the specific structure of metals. An example of such a sensor is a Hall sensor. Generally, such sensors can be constructed for eddy current measurements. Corresponding methods for coding and reading out such a coding are, for example, in DE 102 48 142 B3 or in DE 43 06 209 A1 disclosed.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit may 15 have a sensor and / or transmitter for receiving and / or transmitting data via an infrared (IR) interface. In addition, it may have functionality for processing and transmitting such IR data. IR interfaces (IR diode, IR LED, bluetooth low energy) as communication interfaces are inexpensive and can be used very energy efficient.

The mobile unit 15 may further comprise a temperature sensor together with a functionality for detection, processing and transmission of temperature data. Since the production control is the location of the mobile unit 15 is known, the production control can be used with the temperature data to regulate the room temperature in the production hall. The production control can detect the temperature in particular in each area of the production hall in which there is a mobile unit with a temperature sensor, and z. B. graphically or evaluate to error conditions out. So z. B. detected an unusual development of cold open doors or alarm given unusual heat development. Similarly, the mobile units may form a distributed network of humidity sensors to control moisture in the shop floor and / or brightness sensors to control the illumination of the shop floor. In addition to using the mobile unit as a sensor for building control, such temperature sensors and humidity sensors can provide documentation of the manufacturing conditions for a specific workpiece or generally for the operation of the manufacturing facility.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit may 15 additionally comprise a GPS sensor together with functionality to detect, process and / or transmit GPS data.

The mobile unit 15 may further comprise a gas sensor, in particular a smoke detector, together with a functionality for the detection, processing and / or transmission of data on gas analysis. Thus, the mobile units as smoke detectors form a decentralized early-warning system in case of fire or in the event of a defect in a machine.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit may 15 a sensor for detecting biological data, in particular of person-specific data such as fingerprints or face recognition data. The mobile unit 15 or the production control can recognize individual persons. This allows, for. B. the display of the mobile unit 15 in a language assigned to the person (for example, the person's native language). Furthermore, certain information can only be output to specific persons, for example, depending on an activity profile assigned to the person.

The mobile unit 15 may further include a sensor for detecting vital signs of a person, for. B. an engineer, have nearby. For example, data regarding pulse / heart rate, muscle contraction / extension, blood pressure can be recorded. The data allow monitoring of the physical condition of the person and can give conclusions about his activity. The mobile unit 15 accordingly has the functionality for the determination, processing and / or transmission of data thus recognized. Accordingly, the mobile unit carried by a person can monitor their condition.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit may 15 a sensor for the detection of audio signals together with the functionality for detecting, processing and / or transmission of data thus detected. Thus, the mobile unit can be controlled by voice input, record audio data, store, evaluate and forward to other mobile units

The previously described sensors and functions on the mobile unit 15 can be activated or deactivated by the production control, for example. The activation of individual functionalities can be timed as an option by the operator or distributor of the production control system in the form of a special licensing procedure. Wishes z. B. a plant operator determines functions only for a certain time, eg. B. the temperature control only if its production hall is not in operation, it can be in accordance with the licensing this functionality for a predetermined period of time he can unlock. This can z. B. by the licensing process be cheaper for him than if he uses the functionality continuously. For the operator or distributor of the production control system, this may have the added benefit of better understanding the actual functionalities of its customers.

Usually, the electronics of the mobile unit 15 operated with a battery or a rechargeable battery. A battery can be outwardly guided by contacts or contactless, z. B. are charged inductively. Both can be done so that the mobile unit 15 For protection from moisture and environmental influences has a tightly enclosing housing. The mobile unit 15 may further comprise a device for charging the batteries, which gains energy from environmental influences, eg. As the so-called "energy harvesting" from temperature differences between the top and bottom, from rapid movements such as vibrations or shocks or from existing electromagnetic waves (eg., Solar).

For the battery or the battery is operated sparingly, the mobile unit 15 take a standby mode in which they z. B. sends no more UWB signal and / or disabled reception. In some embodiments, it may leave the stand-by mode on its own. For example, if it has been moved, it can convey a new location to the production control.

In general, one or more of the described sensors can be used individually or in combination for such control methods. In particular, the sensors for position and acceleration detection are suitable for controlling such changes in the operating mode.

In some embodiments, the mobile unit may 15 a housing made of one of the following materials or a combination thereof: plastic, metal and rubber. The housing may also have at its corners and / or edges to protect against damage a resilient material such as rubber. The latter can also be used to protect against slipping z. B. serve during transport.

The sensors described above provide machine-readable information, which is reproduced reliably to the operator. As an information interface, the display unit of the mobile unit can be used. Alternatively, an advertisement of a manufacturing plant or a display specifically provided in the production hall can be used. The data displayed on the display unit of the mobile unit may not always fully map the entire information content of a workpiece, but it may contextually represent the data necessary for the corresponding manufacturing process, such as the next manufacturing process for logistics, part geometry for picking, component tolerances for quality control. Display parameters such as size, color, movement and flashing are suitable means for emphasizing and supporting currently important information.

Further, as an exposed element of the human readable information, an LED may be provided on the mobile unit that can visually communicate information coded to humans by different colors, flashing frequencies or flashing patterns. A particular flashing LED is easier to recognize even at long distances than z. B is an ad 17 , Therefore, a signaling device such as an LED has special advantages when z. A mobile unit 15 is searched. It can be addressed remotely by an operator and then become noticeable with a signaling device. Additionally or alternatively, it can emit a noise signal. Such a remote addressing can, for example, by another mobile unit or via any other particular portable device, eg. As smartphone, tablet, or via the analysis unit 11 respectively. But you can also directly, for. B. via near field transmitter (eg., Bluetooth, NFC, IR) done.

As part of an industrial production of workpieces in the steel and / or sheet metal processing, the mobile units 15 usually assigned to workpieces. Optionally, mobile units can be carried by persons in the factory or attached to aids such as transport vehicles, machines and tools, whereby here too a (spatial and digital) assignment of the mobile unit to a person, for. As a worker, or an aid can be made to support and / or detect operations. The digital assignment here refers to person-specific or resource-specific information.

For example, shows 3 a dolly 21 with a workpiece 23 and a mobile unit 15 ' , The dolly 21 includes a storage area 24 for this or several such workpieces 23 that were created by a machine tool as part of an editing plan. The mobile unit 15 ' shows, for example, one for these workpieces 23 specific information on the display 17 which is retrievable due to the digital assignment.

The mobile unit 15 ' is designed accordingly, z. From the MES 3 Information about the stored workpieces 23 to receive and spend for a server. For example, the mobile unit 15 ' z. B. trained to provide information about the number of stored workpieces 23 , still missing workpieces, a subsequent processing step, an underlying order (customer), target material, etc. to receive and on the display 17 issue. The ad 17 can save energy an e-ink display.

Further, a signal or feedback may be given via activation of a signal output device, for example one or more LEDs or an acoustic signal source. Generally, such signal output devices are designed to output feedback signals to an operator.

Furthermore, the mobile unit 15 ' (additionally) have signal input devices. For example, a vibration sensor (for example, an acceleration sensor) and / or a position sensor may be provided as the signal input device.

Such mobile units, especially in the form of such combined signal, display and locating units, can be used as independent units in the manufacturing process. You can use one or more workpieces 23 spatially assigned and then by an operator together with the associated workpieces 23 from processing step to processing step / from machine tool 7 to machine tool 7 to be brought.

Such a mobile unit may also be integrated, in particular in the form of such combined signal, display and locating units, in a trolley, a pallet or in general a movable workpiece collection unit. Together with these, it can be used as an independent unit in the manufacturing process. This unit can then one or more workpieces 23 spatially assigned (eg by being positioned on it) and then used by an operator to manipulate the associated workpieces 23 from processing step to processing step / from machine tool 7 to machine tool 7 bring to.

The provision of mobile units in production can be used in many ways. In the following, exemplary usage scenarios are outlined.

The mobile units are transmitted via the transceiver units 13 located by runtime analysis. The transceiver units 13 are usually at the hall ceiling, at hall walls, machine tools 7 , Bearing structures etc. installed fixed. The positions of the transceiver units 13 are stored for example in a digital site plan of the production hall.

4 shows a schematic digital map 25 an exemplary production hall using multiple machine tools 7 different type is equipped. Examples of machine tools 7 in the steel and metal processing are cutting, especially laser cutting machines, punching, grinding, bending machines, etc. Shown in the site plan 25 also a networked workplace to a very low degree 26 , such as a manual workstation with simple machines, eg. As for drilling, sawing, milling, bending, no networking or only a network via a monitoring system, such as. In DE 10 2016 220 015.1 is described. You can also see zones in the map 27 . 27 ' and barriers 29 , The zones 27 . 27 ' and barriers 29 were made by an operator regarding the use of the machine tools 7 and related workflows. The barriers 29 extend spatially (for example, linearly) in the shop floor and define boundaries whose violation by a mobile unit can trigger specific actions. The zones 27 . 27 ' and barriers 29 In general, workpiece-specific or object / operator-specific properties can be assigned. A like in 4 shown view can z. On a screen (monitor) of a data processing device (eg PC). When activating individual zones, barriers or mobile units on the monitor (eg by means of a cursor or touchpad by means of a touch) status information can be displayed. It is possible to filter for certain mobile units (eg all mobile units associated with orders of a particular customer). The temperature distribution measured with temperature sensors of the mobile units can be displayed. The status of machines can be displayed, etc.

Thus, actions using spatial allocation in the manufacturing control system may be triggered when a mobile unit is within a specific zone or exceeds a specific bound, these actions being dependent on the associated workpiece / object and its processing / processing state, generally due to the digital mapping, can vary. The zones 27 . 27 ' and the barriers 29 can also be marked in color in the production hall on site.

Furthermore, you can see in the map 25 schematically workpiece collection points, such as trolley 21 or subregions of this, for example, close to a machine tool 7 or in one of the zones 27 are located. Furthermore, one knows schematically operator 31 that the machine tools 7 serve.

In the digital site plan 25 Thus, not only stationary elements (machine tools), but also movable elements (workpieces, trolleys, operators) are displayed due to the spatial and digital assignment of the mobile units. The integration of moving elements in the site plan is made possible by the indoor location, for example by the transport carts 21 and servers 31 each own mobile units 15 be assigned.

Furthermore one recognizes in the digital site plan 25 exemplary positions of multiple transceiver units 13 , The positions are chosen such that at least 2 (2D location) or 3 and more (3D location) transceivers 13 associated with a corresponding to be covered with the indoor location area in the production hall. Exemplary are runtime measurements for movable elements (or the associated mobile units 15 ) via double arrows 33 in 4 clarified.

The primary application of the indoor location system 5 lies in the localization of workpieces 23 , generally material, as well as of mobile units used in the production such as transport vehicles 21 , Stackers, tools and other mobile devices. That these objects using the location information of the mobile unit, their spatial allocation and digital assignment, which essentially relates only to the mobile unit and the nature of the associated object, easier by means of the respective associated mobile unit 15 can be located, reduces or avoids search times. The gained spatial information about the objects additionally allows an analysis of process flows and of an (exploitation) of z. B. tools.

The location can be done in 2D or 3D. For example, if there is a 3D site plan of the production hall (as in 4 shown), in addition to the primary horizontal localization also a vertical localization can be made. Thus, in addition to the coordinates x and y in the horizontal plane and the height coordinate z is to be observed. A location in 3D makes specific demands on the transceiver units 13 that cover the area underlying the 3D location and their locations in the factory floor.

5 shows a view of another digital map 25 ' another exemplary production hall. One recognizes several positions of transceiver units 13 (Anchors) and several current positions of mobile units (tags) 15 , Furthermore, one recognizes again several zones 27 and barriers 29 , With the location system, the positions of the mobile units 15 in the location plan 25 ' and their location relative to the zones 27 and the barriers 29 used for control purposes in the machining of workpieces. For this it is necessary in turn that a mobile unit 15 a workpiece (or a group of workpieces) or an operator, a means of transport, a tool, etc. is assigned. In a control area 30 is the location of a production control device of the production control system 1 indicated. Here can the analysis unit 11 are located. Here can also be a data processing device 30A (eg PC) with a screen (monitor) on the z. B. the in 4 or 5 illustrated digital site plan 25 or 25 ' is shown.

In particular, the digital assignment of a mobile unit to a workpiece (or an item used in manufacturing, such as a tool) may be due to various interactions with the production control system 1 (hereinafter also briefly the production control). For example, in an operator interface of the production control, which is provided for example on a smartphone or tablet, the respective workpiece / item can be selected and assigned to the specific mobile unit by, for example, entering an associated reference number. Alternatively, after selecting a workpiece / item in the user interface, the mobile unit may be activated by activating an enter key on the mobile unit (see, eg, key 19 in 2 ) and the associated data exchange of the mobile unit with the production control the allocation are made.

Instead of a manual input, for example, alternatively automated or semi-automatic activation of the mobile unit by a predetermined movement for activation, for. As shaking, tapping or vibration of the same, take place. Such a predetermined movement may, for example, detect an acceleration sensor additionally provided in the mobile unit. Further, a partially automated assignment may be by manually identifying a specific mobile unit (eg, by shaking the mobile unit) at a specific location (eg, a defined zone 27 ) respectively. In this case, the production control the specific location of the z. B. assign shaking specifically to be machined workpieces. For example, the manufacturing controller may also be limited to linking a mobile unit to a default item (eg, an empty cart) upon shaking the mobile unit at a defined allocation area (e.g., zone 27 ' in 4 ) shut down.

Further, for example, by means of image processing, a recording of the mobile unit, which is provided for example with a label such as a bar code (see display in 2 ), and the associated workpiece / object, the assignment can be made.

Furthermore, a graphical assignment can be made via a dialog displayed on the user interface.

Depending on the application, active or inactive mobile units can be used in the location system. Active mobile units permanently communicate their position cyclically to the production control system at a desired repetition rate. Generally, active, periodically emitting transmitters are also referred to as "beacons". In contrast, an inactive mobile unit temporarily takes not part of a place recognition. This may be the case, for example, when the last suspected location of the mobile unit is known, the associated workpiece is stored for a longer period of time, job processing is suspended, or longer wait times are expected between machining operations.

For monitoring such conditions, sensors provided in the mobile unit such as an acceleration sensor, a position sensor or a sound sensor can be used. In general, a change from the inactive to the active state can be triggered by (digital) signals or manual manipulation. A manual manipulation can be achieved, for example, by deliberately shaking the mobile unit (eg manual shaking) or by starting the transport of the workpiece (transfer through a barrier 29 ) respectively. For mobile mobile units, mobile unit-specific arbitrary refresh rates can be defined. Rules can be used to define meaningful patterns of behavior for each mobile unit or associated work piece or object in accordance with the contextual information. Contextual information may include, for example, a zone affiliation, recent spatial barriers, each active edit, a current time window (day / night / weekday), and a specific tag family.

In a usage scenario, a person, for. B. an engineer, according to an order workpieces 23 to bend. To do this, he accesses data from the production control system (MES) and, for example, opens the digital site plan 25 . 25 ' the production hall. Were the workpieces with a mobile unit 15 (Workpiece tag), it becomes the location of the workpieces to be bent 23 by an associated mobile unit 15 in the location plan 25 . 25 ' displayed ,. For example, the mobile unit 15 and the workpieces 23 on a dolly 21 filed and the mobile unit 15 both the workpieces 23 as well as the dolly 21 assigned. Accordingly, in the site map, the symbol trolley z. B. displayed together with a schematic shape of the workpiece.

For clarity shows 6 a Absortiervorgang an operator 31 , the clippings of a laser cutting machine 7 ' on the trolley 21 ' Assorted / stores. A mobile unit 15 ' was activated according to a specific order (machining plan assignment) and the workpieces 23 ' assigned (spatial assignment). After the successful sorting process, the operator has 31 for example, a key of the mobile unit 15 ' is activated so that the production control system is informed of the completion of the sorting process.

Thus, the operator of the machine tool to be subsequently used knows at which point in the production hall the workpieces can be found (use of the location information of the mobile unit). The operator has arrived there, what with the help of a mobile unit carried by him and passing through a barrier 29 ' is detected and routed to the shop floor control system, and multiple trucks are in close co-operation, the operator can identify the correct truck by automatically activating an LED (signal dispenser) on the corresponding mobile unit so that it blinks, for example. At this optical signal, the operator can recognize the correct trolley and take it to his bending workstation. The pickup of the trolley is passed, for example, to the production control system as soon as the operator the trolley 21 ' picks up and over the barrier 29 ' pushes.

The indoor location system also allows an indexing of high inventories in stock. For example, via a barometer of the mobile units (3D tag), the height of the mobile unit and thus the "row" in a warehouse can be identified. The column of the warehouse can be identified via at least two transceiver units (2D location). With the presence of mobile units in the bearing body, the respective storage compartment for, for example, a pallet equipped with the mobile unit can thus be deposited directly in the production control system. Accordingly, an operator can locate the pallet indicating the storage bin directly. Alternatively, three or more transceiver units can be positioned in the high camp so that a location determination in three-dimensional space is possible.

The incorporation of the interior location system assisted manufacturing described herein will be described in connection with 7 explained. Here, inter alia, on the 1 to 3 and 6 Referenced.

7 shows exemplary method steps of a method for manufacturing control of processes in the industrial processing of workpieces 23 The method is supported by an indoor location. For the method according to a previously described interior positioning is provided (step 51 ), and mapping operations are performed to a mobile unit 15 one or more workpieces 23 assigned. The mapping operations include a mobile unit data mapping operation (step 51A) - ie, the previously described digital assignment - and a spatial one Assignment process (step 51B) that is, the previously described physical association.

The mobile unit data mapping operation of the step 51A is schematic in 1 in the manufacturing control system 1 indicated. In the manufacturing control system 1 are machining plans 37 stored. An editing plan 37 can - as examples of a machining plan assistant workpiece data set - a geometry dataset 37A and / or a coding data record identifying the workpiece 37B include. Furthermore, the treatment plan 37 one or more machining and workpiece parameters 37C of the corresponding workpiece 23 include. Moreover, the location system provides 5 Mobile unit records 39 ready the the machining plans 37 should be assigned.

For the digital assignment, an image capture device 20 that z. B. part of the mobile unit 15 is to be provided (step 59A) , 2 shows schematically the image capture device 20 on the sidewall of the mobile unit 15 , With the image capture device 20 For example, an expression of an order letter with a coding or an encoding 57 on the workpiece 23 - as an example of a processing plan-specific item - be included (step 59B) , This recording is then made with a communication system from the mobile unit 15 to the manufacturing control system 1 transmitted. In the manufacturing control system 1 becomes the machining plan 37 containing a corresponding encoding record 37B includes identified (step 59C) and the mobile unit record 39 , the z. To the mobile unit 15 assigned with which the coding had been recorded (step 59D) ,

Alternatively, this type of digital mapping can be done with anyone in the manufacturing control system 1 then a mobile unit data set of any mobile unit can be assigned to the identified processing plan.

The spatial allocation can be made by an assistance system 41 , that in a machine tool 7 or generally provided at a workplace. 6 shows a machine tool for this purpose 7 with an optical assistance system based on an image data acquisition with a camera 35 based and supports the assignment of a workpiece to a mobile unit. In this case, mobile units are provided to which in the context of a preceding digital assignment (step 51A) Machining plans have been assigned.

The camera recognizes assisted spatial allocation 35 a rejected workpiece 23 (Step 61A) and generates a measurement assistance workpiece data record for this purpose 41A (Step 61B) , The measurement assistant workpiece data set 41A is using the geometry records 37A the machining plans 37 in the manufacturing control system 1 adjusted (step 61C) to the machining plan 37 to identify that belongs to the detected workpiece. The manufacturing control system 1 can now z. B. stimulate the identified mobile unit to deliver a signal (LED flashing, tone generation, ...); to facilitate a manual spatial allocation. Alternatively or additionally, the production control system 1 as part of an automated mobile unit merge 15 and detected workpiece 23 a drop of the detected workpiece 23 at the identified mobile unit 15 cause (step 61D) ,

After the assignment, the position of the associated workpiece 23 by locating the associated mobile unit 15 with the interior location system 5 determined (step 53 ). The specific position of the associated mobile unit 15 is now integrated in the control of the industrial production plant for the production of the final product (step 55 ). Additionally or alternatively, a position of a tool, a person, a means of transport, a machine tool and / or a workpiece collection unit can be further determined (steps 51 ' . 51A ' . 51B ' . 53 ' ) and integrated into the control of the industrial production plant.

The integration may, for example, define (step 55A) of zones 27 and / or spatial barriers 29 in the production hall, especially in a site plan 25 . 25 ' the production hall, and a matching (step 55B) the particular position with regard to the zones 27 and / or the spatial barriers 29 include.

In the floor plan of the production hall can in step 55A z. B. a zone (machine tool zone) to machine tools / machining stations, for example, to the bending machine created. In this case, this zone can be defined as a solid (3D zone), which extends, for example, up to a height of 1.5 m above the hall floor. If a trolley with workpieces and an associated mobile unit (trolley tag) with workpieces belonging to an order is pushed into this zone, the production control system registers in step 55B this.

Support for manufacturing control of processes may include the mobile unit integration capabilities discussed herein. For example, an additional transmission of signals between the production control system 1 and the mobile unit 15 to exchange Information takes place. The signals may be from a signal input device 15A the mobile unit 15 - z. As a sensor, a button 19 or the image capture device 20 - or from signal dispensers 15B the mobile unit 15 - z. B. a display unit 17 , an LED or a speaker - are generated.

Further, assisting manufacturing control of process flows may be via the manufacturing control system 1 Machining parameters on the machine tools 7 control or generally set production parameters that z. B. can also refer to the production hall or to a subsequent data analysis.

As another example of the integration into the manufacturing control can be made using the digital assignment of the step 51A the production control system the corresponding processing order at the processing station (for example, on the bending machine) sign. Furthermore, additional secondary actions can be initiated automatically. Thus, an associated machining program can be loaded automatically in the machine tool. This may allow the machine tool (for example, a bending machine) to be automatically prepared via a tool master. On an associated screen, an operator can be displayed information necessary for the pending editing process (operation). For example, an image of the original shape of the workpiece as well as the curved shape of the workpiece, the number of workpieces to be bent and / or the subsequent subsequent machining operation, etc. can be displayed.

An advantage of processing in connection with defined zones and barriers is that the operator has nothing more to do than to bring the workpieces marked with the associated mobile unit into the associated machine tool zone, whereby the various preparatory measures were automatically initiated. As mentioned, the machine tool z. B. automatically be set immediately to the new job to be processed. This can save considerable time and mistakes can be avoided.

If the operator now begins to machine (eg bend) the workpieces of the job, he can take the mobile unit and attach it to active components of the machine tools, such as the bending beam. There is defined another zone (booking zone) which automatically processes the order and forwards it to the production control system. For example, the bending processes that have been carried out can thus be monitored and stored for the job. When all the workpieces have been processed (bent), the mobile unit is removed from the booking zone, whereby the order can be booked, for example, as fully executed in the production control system.

Again, by using the mobile unit in a location system, significant time can be saved because the operator does not have to make complicated bookings to a terminal.

When a mobile unit interacts with the shop floor control system, or an operator operates additional functions (input keys, etc.) of a mobile unit, the operator may receive feedback or notifications from the mobile units about output means such as RGB LED, vibration, displayed text or sound. Thus, for example, the status of a mobile unit or an associated order can be visualized, for example by an LED lights green, as long as the job is in the state of processing. Furthermore, feedback or a message to subsequent processing stations can be given. For example, automatically posting a completed edit can alert the subsequent process that the parts are now ready and where they are. In general, a triggering of actions such as booking over zones can be further enriched so that, for example, workpieces can be monitored over time during the various processing operations.

If, in addition to the location position, the position-in-space of a mobile unit is measured, it can be distinguished, for example, whether a specific mobile unit is horizontal or upright. This allows further interaction with the production control system. For example, a cart may be slid into a zone with workpieces of multiple jobs (i.e., multiple different and, for example, differently machined workpieces) and multiple mobile units. If not all orders are to be processed at the same time, a specific order, which is to be processed first, for example, be announced by a vertical positioning of the corresponding mobile unit to the production control system.

Another way to provide feedback to the shop floor control system via the mobile unit is to already talk about shaking the mobile unit or performing specific gesture-like moves.

Further, based on the number of mobile units (e.g., currently active and / or inactive mobile units) located in one or more zones, it is possible to have events trigger or indicate upcoming events. For example, picking operations or transport tasks can be triggered.

In addition to stationary zones, additional zones can migrate dynamically with one or more mobile units. This allows, for example, the transport of multiple carriers (transport trucks), and the entrained orders can be treated together as clusters by the production control system.

Further, for example, a mobile unit may be attached to a hand tool (tool tag) (spatial assignment) and digitally associated with the tool itself, so that it can be more easily located. In addition, it can be determined by means of an acceleration sensor provided in such a tool tag, when and / or how the manual working tool is used.

By determining the position of the tool, it is also possible to measure the movement of the tool through the space (trajectory information / evaluation). This information can be generated on how many components have been processed or if a processing step has been forgotten etc.

Furthermore, further data can be transmitted via the location system, for example, error messages by corresponding movement pattern of a mobile unit z. In a defined error zone.

Another usage scenario relates to the detection of process conditions characterized by the positions of workpieces, people, machines and other resources that can be detected by a cognitive evaluation of these measured positions. In general, the location and sensor data as well as the information regarding zones and barriers allow a multitude of evaluation options. It is thus possible, for example, to generate key figures such as key performance indicators (KPIs) using such raw data and to carry out detailed analyzes to optimize production processes. These analyzes (eg KPIs) can be displayed for example in the form of "heat maps", as a live view or aggregated. Further evaluation diagrams such as spaghetti diagrams are immediately available for various processing operations. This makes it possible to make standard key figures, which often generate a large effort in the survey, available at the push of a button, such. In addition, the processes in production can be improved on the basis of the obtained location information using numerical optimization methods.

• - ein Bearbeiter an einer Position X zugegriffen hat;
• - ein Bearbeiter ein spezifisches Werkstück von A nach B transportiert hat;
• - ein Bearbeiter ein spezifisches Werkstück an einer Position Y abgesetzt hat;
• - ein Fertigungsvorgang wie Bohren, Einpressen, ... x-Mal ausgeführt wurde;
• - ein Fertigungsvorgang wie Entgraten, Schweißen, ... auf einer spezifischen Trajektorie an einem Werkstück ausgeführt wurde;
• - ein Fügeprozess an einer spezifischen Position durchgeführt wurde.

The use of the location system also allows people to locate if they carry a mobile unit (person-day) with them. In addition to workpieces and tools, locating people (as a whole or even locating leg, arm and hand) provides valuable information about production processes. Usage scenarios for this concern, for example, the monitoring of security-critical areas for the protection of persons, in particular the processor. Furthermore, motion patterns can be generated, which in turn z. B. for process or ergonomics improvement of jobs the operator can be evaluated. In particular, the synchronous evaluation of both hands of a person, in particular an operator or engineer, detailed information about the manufacturing process and the workpiece can be detected. So can be detected that

• - an editor has accessed at a position X;
• - An operator has transported a specific workpiece from A to B;
• an operator has deposited a specific workpiece at a position Y;
• - a manufacturing process such as drilling, pressing, ... was performed x times;
• - a manufacturing process such as deburring, welding, ... was performed on a specific trajectory on a workpiece;
• - a joining process has been carried out at a specific position.

Different mobile units may be in specific relationship relationships. For example, such mobile units may be grouped into families of mobile units as part of a specific manufacturing process to define basic (behavioral) patterns for a given number of mobile units. For example, families can be assigned to a job, an assembly, a subsequent process of workpieces or an associated load carrier (transport cart, pallet, collection container). The family affiliation can be changed dynamically in the current editing process. Mobile units can belong to different families at the same time. Furthermore, families of mobile units may relate to a specific link, for example all carriers, all means of transport, all agents, all workpieces, all machines, etc., or a family of mobile units may relate to a specific status of a mobile unit, for example a charge status of the mobile units.

Accordingly, the analysis, like the detection of process states, may be based on the evaluation of such families of mobile units.

Through the herein disclosed expansion of a manufacturing facility with an indoor location and interfaces to the shop floor control system, the position of the workpiece collection units can be determined and / or the movement of the hand of an operator can be recorded. Such an ultra-wideband system location can be made up of four or more "anchors" and one or more "tags." The anchors serve as receivers and can be stationarily positioned around the workspace. The tags are attached to z. B. all workpiece collection units and, for example, the hand of the operator and serve to position the same. Other systems for indoor location include z. Bluetooth, WiFi, Infrared and RFID. "

If the workpiece collection point unit is integrated into a location system, a location can be made possible by way of transceiver systems with a corresponding system in the machine tool shop in which a plurality of processing machines and / or work stations are provided.

An operator who monitors and controls the machining process in a control center can see on his monitoring monitor where a specific job is currently in the process chain and how its status is currently. Accordingly, it can also directly access the display unit to adapt displayed data (workpiece information) such as preferences, work steps, etc. Alternatively or additionally, this can also be done locally with an input device on the workpiece collection point unit (eg, push button, switch, touchpad) or via a data interface which is connected to an external z. B. mobile input unit provides access (smartphone, ipad, smartwatch, etc.). Accordingly, the workpiece collection unit z. B. a near-field radio network (Bluetooth, NFC). This can also be used, for example, as part of a near field location system for locating the workpiece collection unit. The latter makes it easier to find a workpiece collection unit, if they are e.g. B. is hidden in a plurality of workpiece collection units. For example, the workpiece collection unit is selectively controlled so that the signaling device (eg a bright LED) is activated.

The Nahfeldortung can also be used, for example, when sorting by z. For example, the location of a hand (particularly an intelligent glove interacting with the locating system) is located by the workpiece collection unit. If the "hand" of an operator removes a component from the skeleton, the component location in the MES is posted from the skeleton to the hand. If the hand moves in the vicinity of a location system of the workpiece collection point unit, it is posted in the MES that this part has been deposited on the associated workpiece collection point unit. On the one hand, the positioning system can detect that the hand came close to the workpiece. On the other hand, a higher-order system (eg the MES) can link the workpiece collection unit and the hand position.

In 8th By way of example, process steps of an industrial production of a final product are shown, which are combined with a production control system disclosed herein, in particular the MES 3 can be carried out.

In a first step 80 the receipt of a production order takes place (with a processing plan 37 ) for producing a final product from a workpiece 23 with the MES 3 , the Z. B. in a data processing device 30A is implemented. In a following step 81 the selection of individual processing steps takes place by means of the MES 3 , In a further step 82 the selection of an order is made by the MES 3 (or an operator) in which the processing steps are to be carried out. The processing steps may be one or more of the following operations: cutting, in particular laser cutting, punching, bending, drilling, tapping, grinding, joining, welding, riveting, screwing, pressing, treating the edges and surfaces.

In a further step 83 the data assignment of each of the processing steps to a machine takes place 7 or a workstation unit. The workstation may be a workstation as described above 26 , in particular a manual workstation.

In a further step 84 the data assignment of the production order to a mobile unit data record takes place 39 who is in the MES 3 is stored for a mobile unit. This step 84 can the in 7 shown step 51A correspond. step 84 may in particular also earlier, z. B. after one or more of the method steps described above, take place.

In a further step 85 the production of a workpiece takes place 23 which is at least partially a part of the final product, in particular after a first of the processing steps at the machine assigned to this processing step 7 or workstation unit. For example, part of the production order is cut from a sheet metal. As a subsequent processing step also a Milling or punching may be necessary, this workpiece can 23 even more material than the end product, so only partially form the end product or be a part of this.

In a further step 86 the spatial assignment of the mobile unit assigned to the production order takes place 15 to the finished workpiece 23 , This step 86 can the in 7 shown step 51B correspond. In a further step 87 A change in the status of the production order is stored in the MES 3 ,

In an optional step 88 the location of the mobile unit is stored 15 to the production order.

In a further step 89 the transport of the workpiece takes place 23 together with the mobile unit 15 according to the production order to the next machine 7 or the next workstation in the predetermined order. This may be due to an instruction from the MES 3 by a person or by an automated transport process.

In a further step 90 This processing step is at the assigned machine 7 or workstation unit.

In an optional step 91 the location of the mobile unit is stored 15 for this production step in the production order.

In a further step 92 the renewed saving of a change of the status of the production order takes place in the MES 3 ,

In a further step 93 it is decided whether with the method step 89 , that is, a transport to a further processing step, to continue or whether the production is completed.

During these manufacturing steps is always a location of the mobile unit 15 by means of the location system 5 based on electromagnetic signals controlled by the MES 3 possible. This allows the MES 3 at any time via data such as the current status and the current location of the workpiece 23 feature. MES 3 , Mobile unit 15 and location system 5 may be formed in particular as described above.

All of the above-described method steps that are performed by a production control, a production control system, a location system or the MES 3 can also be realized by means of one or more data processing devices having means for performing the method steps.

It is explicitly pointed out that all features disclosed in the description and / or the claims are considered separate and independent of each other for the purpose of original disclosure as well as for the purpose of limiting the claimed invention independently of the feature combinations in the embodiments and / or the claims should. It is explicitly stated that all range indications or indications of groups of units disclose every possible intermediate value or every possible subgroup of units for the purpose of the original disclosure as well as for the purpose of restricting the claimed invention, in particular also as the limit of a range indication.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

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• DE 102016120131 [0004, 0044]
• DE 102017107357 [0004]
• US 2016/0100289 A1 [0005]
• US 2015/0356332 A1 [0005]
• DE 102016220015 [0022, 0023, 0110]
• DE 202016106352 U1 [0075, 0077]
• DE 10248142 B3 [0086]
• DE 4306209 A1 [0086]

Claims (18)

Method for indoor location-assisted production control of process sequences in the industrial machining of workpieces (23), in particular in steel and / or sheet metal processing, in a production hall for manufacturing a final product, comprising the steps Providing (step 51) a plurality of transceiver units (13) permanently installed in the production hall, at least one mobile unit (15) and an analysis unit (11), the transceiver units (13) and the mobile unit (15) for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals is formed, and the analysis unit (11) is adapted to determine the positions of the mobile unit (15) in the production hall from transit times of the electromagnetic signals between the transceiver units (13) and the mobile unit (15) Associating (step 51A, 51B) the mobile unit (15) to at least one workpiece (23), Determining (step 53) the position of the at least one associated workpiece (23) by locating the associated mobile unit (15) with the indoor location system (5) and Incorporating (step 55) the determined position into the manufacturing control of the industrial manufacturing plant to produce the final product. Method according to Claim 1 wherein the mobile unit (15) further comprises an acceleration and / or position sensor, and in particular a MEMS-based sensor and / or barometer sensor, further comprising a signal of the acceleration and / or position sensor, and in particular the MEMS based sensor and / or barometric sensor, into the controller for manufacturing the final product, optionally using a motion or orientation signal for the assignment of the mobile unit (15) to the at least one workpiece (23). Method according to Claim 2 wherein signals are generated by shaking the mobile unit (15) and / or specific locations of the mobile unit (15) and / or making specified gestures with the mobile unit (15). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mobile unit (15) further comprises a signal input unit, in particular a key (19), further comprising the step of inputting information for processing the at least one workpiece (23) with the signal input unit, wherein optionally input information is used for the assignment of the mobile unit (15) to the at least one workpiece (23). Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising evaluating image information of the at least one workpiece (23) and / or the mobile unit (15), wherein optionally the image information comprises markings such as barcodes, images, etc. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mobile unit (15) further comprises a signal output unit, in particular an optical signal unit, acoustic signal unit and / or vibration signal unit, further comprising outputting information for processing the at least one workpiece (23) with the signal output unit in which optionally information about the number of workpieces (23), missing workpieces, a subsequent processing step, an underlying order, a customer and / or target material is output. Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising Associating the mobile unit (15) with an operator (31), a means of transport (21), a machine tool (7) or a tool, Determining the position of the mobile unit (15) associated with an operator (31), a means of transport (21), a machine tool (7) or a tool with the interior location system (5) and Incorporating the particular position into the controller for manufacturing an end product of the industrial manufacturing plant and / or in a motion analysis of the operator (31), the transport means (21), the machine tool (7) or the tool. Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising Defining zones (27) and / or physical barriers (29) in the production hall, in particular in a site plan (25) of the production hall, and Matching the particular position with respect to the zones (27) and / or the spatial barriers (29) and controlling the manufacturing based on the alignment. The method of claim 8, wherein matching the determined position results in the mobile unit (15) being in or having left a zone (7), or the mobile unit (15) has passed a spatial barrier (29), and / or wherein the zones (27) and / or the spatial barriers (29) are defined in two or three dimensions. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein incorporating the particular position in the controller to fabricate a final product comprises one or more of the following steps: - providing signals to assist locating; Displaying production status information, in particular on a mobile output device such as a tablet, smartphone or a surveillance monitor; - Setting operating parameters of a machine tool (7); - Updating a log that logs the production, in particular processing steps; - assigning the mobile unit (15) to a job for manufacturing one or more end products in a plurality of different work steps; - controlling and / or monitoring a processing of the at least one workpiece (23) in a plurality of different work steps, which are carried out at different locations, but especially within the production hall; a transport of the at least one workpiece (23) between different working steps, which are carried out at different locations, but especially within the production hall; machining the at least one workpiece (23) at workplaces that are networked or integrated with the production control; and / or a processing of the at least one workpiece (23) at workplaces that are not networked with the production control or not integrated into this. Interior location system (5) for supporting the production control of process sequences in the industrial production of workpieces (23), in particular in the steel and / or sheet metal processing, in a production hall with several permanently installed in the production hall transceiver units (13), at least one mobile unit (15) and an analysis unit (11), wherein the transceiver units (13) and the at least one mobile unit (15) are designed to emit and receive electromagnetic signals and the analysis unit (11) is formed for determining transit times of the electromagnetic signals between the transceiver units (13) and the at least one mobile unit (15) and for determining the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in the production hall from the transit times of the electromagnetic signals. Interior location system (5) after Claim 11 wherein the at least one mobile unit (15) comprises a display unit adapted to display information of the at least one workpiece associated with the mobile unit (15) and / or the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in a floor plan of the production hall and / or further comprising a display unit configured to display the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in a floor plan of the shop floor determined by a shop floor control system (1) for controlling manufacturing processes in a shop floor. Manufacturing control system (1) for controlling manufacturing processes in a production hall, in particular a steel and / or sheet-processing industrial production plant, with an indoor location system (5) according to Claim 11 or 12 in that the interior location system (5) is designed to exchange and provide data on the position of at least one mobile unit in the production hall as part of the production control system (1), and the production control system (1) is adapted to determine the acquired position of the at least one Assign mobile unit (15) at least one workpiece (23) and include in the production control. Manufacturing control system (1) according to Claim 13 , further comprising a display unit configured to display the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in a floor plan (25) of the production hall. Manufacturing control system (1) Claim 13 or 14 wherein the production control system (1) is further adapted to perform a method according to any one of Claims 1 to 10 perform. Use of an indoor location system (5) in manufacturing control, wherein the indoor location system (5) with a plurality of permanently installed transceiver units (13) for location of multiple mobile units (15) is formed by the transceiver units (13) and the mobile units (15) transmit and receive electromagnetic signals, transit times of the electromagnetic signals between a respective mobile unit (15) and a plurality of transceiver units (13) are determined and from the transit times of the electromagnetic signals the positions of the mobile units (15), in particular with a Accuracy of less than 30 cm, are determined, and wherein the use of the indoor location system (5) is carried out for Assignment of one of the mobile units (15) to at least one workpiece (23) in a metalworking, in particular steel and / or sheet processing, industrial production plant, - Position determination of the at least one workpiece (23) by localization of the associated mobile unit (15) with the indoor location system (5) and - Integration of the indoor location system (5) in a production control system (1) of the industrial production plant. Use of an indoor location system (5) according to Claim 16 wherein the use of the indoor location system (5) further for assigning one of the mobile units (15) to an operator (31) in the manufacturing, a means of transport for Workpieces (23), a machine tool (7) and / or a tool takes place. Process for the industrial production of a final product by means of a production control system (1), comprising the steps of: Accepting a production order for manufacturing the final product from a workpiece with an MES (3) of the production control system (1) implemented in a data processing device, Selecting individual processing steps with the MES (3), Determining an order of the processing steps with the MES (3), wherein the processing steps comprise one or more of the following operations: Cutting, in particular laser cutting, punching, bending, drilling, tapping, grinding, joining, welding, riveting, screwing, pressing, treatment of edges and surfaces; Data-technical assignment of the processing steps to a machine (7) or a workstation unit (26), Data-related assignment of the production order to a mobile unit data record (39) in the MES (3), Preparing a workpiece (23) for the end product, wherein it is processed in particular to a part of the end product after a first of the processing steps at the machine (7) or workstation unit (26) assigned to the processing step, Spatially allocating the mobile unit (15) assigned to the production order to the finished workpiece (23), Saving a status change of the production order in the MES (3), - Transport of the finished workpiece (23) together with the mobile unit (15) according to the production order to the next machine (7) or workstation unit (26) in the predetermined order, Performing the processing step on this machine (7) or workstation unit (26), - Saving a status change of the production order in the MES (3) and - Performing the processing steps of the production order with the MES (3), wherein the position of the mobile unit (15) with the location system (5) based on electromagnetic signals at any time by the MES (3) is determinable and the MES (3) at any time has data on the current status and the current position of the workpiece (23).

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