DE102017120155A1 - Transport device and transport system - Google Patents

Abstract

Shown and described is a mobile transport device (1) for individual passenger transport and for use in a collective transport means (12), with at least one seat for a user (2). According to the invention, the transport device (1) has a connection device (11) for the particular mechanical detachable connection of the transport device (1) to a collective transport device (12) provided for public transport.

Description

The invention relates to a transport device for passenger transport and a transport system with a collective transport means and a method for public transport.

In the field of passenger and freight transport, motorized private transport has played a significant role for a long time. In this context, the automobile in particular has an outstanding position. In the long-haul area is also the collective transport of people, such as in aircraft, ships, trains or long-distance buses, in addition to the MIV usual or even represents the only alternative dar. Against the backdrop of economic and especially environmental aspects also achieved in the short and medium range, the alternative of public Local public transport (public transport) is becoming increasingly important. In the course of increasing environmental awareness, public acceptance of public transport for fulfilling everyday transport needs is increasing. However, the greater involvement of public transport in everyday life goes hand in hand with the fact that the fundamental desire for individuality and personal freedom offered by the MIV has to be rescinded. Herein lies an unacceptable disadvantage for a large part of society - be it a lack of willingness to limit one's personal freedom, or stops where the use of public transport begins or ends, such as train stations, too far from the actual starting or final destination lie. In the latter case, for the arrival or departure to or from the station often additionally an individual transport necessary.

This problem is currently being addressed for example in the form of so-called Parkand Ride Parking Places (P & R), which are located at public transport stops and through which a connection between public transport and the MIV is to be created. As a result, for example, commuters who live far from a public transport stop can approach the car park with their private vehicle, park it there and continue their journey by public transport. Often decisive disadvantage of this solution, however, is that at the destination again the problem is to get from the destination stop to the final destination. If a certain degree of mobility is desired in the destination area of the journey, in areas with a low level of built-up transport infrastructure, travel by public transport is ruled out, so that as a rule the entire route is covered by means of one's own means of transportation.

On long distance z.T. compromise combining the MIV and public transport. An example of this is a car train or car ferry. In addition to passenger compartments, an additional cargo area is provided for the transport of automobiles, motorcycles, motorhomes or the like. However, since the loading and unloading of the vehicles here is extremely time consuming, the use of such a transport concept in practical and economic terms makes sense at best on long distance connections.

Between proponents of the MIV on the one hand and public transport on the other hand, there has also been a field of tension for some time, in which arguments relating to economic and ecological aspects are exchanged. However, there is a consensus that due to the limited nature of, in particular, fossil resources, current passenger transport technologies and concepts can not be pursued in the same way without limit. Depending on the underlying ideology, however, the usual solutions proposed in the aforementioned discussion generally follow one of the two basic concepts MIV and ÖPNV and often hide the advantages of the other.

Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a future-oriented possibility for individual, public, urban, regional, and international mobility, whereby a resource-saving operation is to be possible and the individuality of the user is preserved.

The above object is achieved by a transport device with the features of claim 1 and by a transport system according to claim 7 and a method according to claim 9. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea of granting a user of the transport device according to the invention almost unlimited individual freedom of mobility in short and short distance sections, while for further routes a seamless use of collective transport means according to the type of current buses, trains or the like is possible. Seamless here means in particular that the user of the proposed transport device or the transport system according to the invention, in which the personal transport device and a correspondingly designed collective transport means cooperate, does not have to leave the transport device when using the collective transport device. The use of the collective transport means can thus be carried out comfortably according to a Hopon / Hop-off principle. By taking the majority of the route on medium to long distances For several road users collected by public transport and the personal vehicle can be easily carried, the benefits of private transport are combined with those of public transport.

Advantageously, the user may be in his own transport device during transport with the collective transport means. This allows a seamless journey. Time-consuming transfers and loading operations, as known in known collective transport means for personal vehicles, such as car trains, therefore, omitted. From the point of view of the user, the journey is not ultimately divided into different sections, between which often arduous transitions must occur.

The transport device according to the invention has for this purpose a coupling mechanism, by means of which a coupling with a collective transport means can take place in a space provided for the transport device. The coupling mechanism comprises, on the side of the transport device, a connection device for connecting the transport device to the collective transport device while traveling therewith. The fixation of the personal transport device is preferably carried out mechanically or electromechanically. However, a magnetic force based attachment of the transport device at the receiving location of the collective transport means or a combination of different principles is possible. A redundant connection additionally increases the transport security.

For connection between the transport device and the collective transport means, the connecting device may be designed such that a hooking and / or snapping the transport device into a corresponding receptacle of the collective transport means, such as in the form of an eyelet, or vice versa. Alternatively or additionally, the possibility of a magnetic connection is also given. In this case, the connection can take place by means of permanent magnets, which are mounted in particular displaceable and are moved for coupling the transport device at the receiving location of the collective transport means such that a corresponding device on the opposite side passes into the effective range of the magnet. By means of a permanent magnet on one side of the connection, the transport device can be fixed at the receiving location by a permanent magnet interacts with a counter-pole magnet or a ferromagnetic surface on the opposite side. The permanent magnet may in this case be provided on the side of the transport device, on the side of the collective transport means or on both sides. An alternative to permanent magnets, which must be moved mechanically for coupling and uncoupling at the receiving location, is an electromagnet, which can be activated or deactivated by switching on and off of an electrical current through its coil in its attracting effect, without prone mechanical components must be used.

A further alternative, which can also be used in addition to the aforementioned possibilities, is a coupling system for fastening the personal transport device, for example on a rail system, via skids, sliding guideways with at least one sliding shoe or a roller guide. The advantage of this possibility is that, if desired, the transport device continues to be transportable in such a coupling system in at least one direction. Within a collective transport means which is comparable to known buses or trains, that is to say has a comparatively large transport space, a subsequent positioning of the transport devices within the collective transport means can take place by coupling the transport device to such a coupling system. As a result, for example, a rearrangement of the passengers traveling along with their transport devices according to the order of the planned exit allows. In this case, the transport device is in particular passively driven, for example entrained by a cable or a conveyor chain.

Depending on the design of the personal transport device, fossil energy sources or electrical energy generated in different ways may be used for the individually covered part of the entire route, if appropriate (in a transitional period). After coupling the personal transport device to the collective transport means, the transport for the publicly traveled part of the entire route is independent of the energy source used for driving the transport device. In the preferred case this improves the energy efficiency and the ecological balance in terms of the consumption of limited resources and the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO ₂ .

A giesparende construction can be achieved in particular by the use of a lightweight material for the transport device. In this regard, in particular light metals, such as aluminum, carbon fiber materials, or even plastics or polymers have particularly favorable properties in terms of low weight with a high degree of strength and torsional rigidity. The light vehicle is preferably completely made Lightweight construction materials of the aforementioned type constructed or has at least a predominant proportion of such materials. In particular, the different advantages of different materials can be combined by using an appropriate material mix. In addition, of course, renewable raw materials, such as bamboo or wood, can be used to produce the transport device.

A drive device allows the drive of the transport device. The drive energy preferably originates from renewable energy sources and / or is generated in a climate-neutral manner. The personal transport device accordingly preferably has an electric motor which can be supplied with energy in the aforementioned sustainable manner. An internal combustion engine is disadvantageous to this from an ecological point of view. According to the invention, however, the use of an internal combustion engine for driving the transport device is possible. The internal combustion engine may in this context be designed for operation with fossil fuels, but for example also be operated with hydrogen. Also hybrid drives are possible. However, advantages in economic and ecological terms arise in this case, in particular from the possibility of incorporating the transport device in a collective transport means and to transport a plurality of transport devices collected in an energy-efficient manner.

In a further preferred embodiment, the transport device alternatively or additionally to a particular electromagnetic linear motor or the mobile component of such, by means of which or the use of special routes is possible.

As an energy source for driving the transport device is used in particular an energy storage. In this regard, regenerative energy sources have already been named as preferred in addition to fossil fuels. In this case, a fuel cell can be used or simply an electric accumulator can be used, which in turn can be charged with energy from regenerative sources. The charging of the energy storage can in particular by conventional energy recovery measures, such as during a braking operation or in downhill-shift mode, done and / or by means of a photovoltaic system of the transport device, which can alternatively or additionally feed directly to the drive of the transport device.

The transport device may further comprise a powered by muscle power drive means, which may be provided alternatively or in addition to a motorized form of the drive. Furthermore, the transport device or its drive device can be designed such that an operation is supported by muscle power of the user by a motor. In this case, preferably an electric motor is used. The transport device may be in this context as at least two-wheeled, preferably three or vierrädriges, land vehicle trained that is moved in the manner of a bicycle by muscle power and additionally by a motorized form of the drive.

In principle, it may be sufficient if the transport device can reach an average maximum speed of less than 30 km / h, preferably less than 25 km / h, particularly preferably less than 20 km / h.

The energy storage of the transport device should, for practical reasons, be sufficiently large in relation to the stored energy. In a preferred embodiment, the energy store is dimensioned such that the transport device can be driven over a travel distance of at least 10 km, preferably at least 20 km, preferably at least 50 km, particularly preferably at least 100 km, without recharging the energy store being necessary. As a result, the transport device according to the invention for many journeys or transport tasks in everyday life, i. usually in the vicinity of the user's place of residence, without the need for reloading. Furthermore, it is possible for a user with a sufficiently large energy store to approach more distant stops of collective transport means, whereby the catchment area of the transport system according to the invention can be further increased from a collective transport means in conjunction with compatible transport devices and, for example, can include larger parts of rural areas. The maximum driving distance that can be traveled without recharging the energy storage device can also be less than 200 km, more preferably less than 100 km, particularly preferably less than 50 km, in order to keep the cost and weight of the energy storage system low.

A charging of the energy storage device can take place at the user's place of residence via the local supply network and / or at charging stations, which can be provided at different points of the road network. A charging station, which is designed for fast charging of the energy store, ie for charging with comparatively high charging currents, allows a rapid onward journey with the transport device without unreasonably long waiting times for the user. Alternatively or additionally, the energy store can also be formed exchangeable, so that at a loading or changing station simple change of the emptied done against a full energy storage and then the journey can be continued immediately. A high density of charging or changing stations allows frequent loading or changing the energy storage and therefore allows to reduce the energy storage in its size and weight, so that less energy is required to drive the transport device.

The personal transport device is preferably designed as a light vehicle. That the transport device has a significantly lower dead weight and comparatively compact dimensions, especially in comparison with typical current automobiles. In this form, high energy efficiency is achieved for the area of individual mobility. With regard to the suitability for everyday use and the flexibility in use, it is advantageous if the transport device or the like in one passenger compartment or the like in addition to one or more passenger seats. can also be arranged storage options for luggage or opportunities for freight transport offers, for example, in front, behind, above and / or below the person or seats. Preferably, the transport device may be in the manner of a car scooter with one or two seats, also in a row, be formed and thus differ from conventional designed for multi-person transport vehicles, such as cars, resulting in a particular smaller footprint for the transport.

A user of the transport device according to the invention, if he wants to cover more distances, use the transport device to achieve the distance to a central approach point in the sense of a stop to a collective transport means. There the boarding takes place in the collective transport means, which acts as a public transport, such that the user enters with the transport device according to the invention in the collective transport means and stops there on a designed for this purpose, preferably standardized or otherwise standardized, parking space. The boarding in the collective transport means, for example, a suitably designed train or train wagon, thus takes place by docking at a designated place.

For communication of the transport device with a collective transport means, a central server or a data processing device in general, the transport device preferably has a corresponding interface. Data can be transmitted via the interface, for example for registering the transport device in the collective transport device or relative to the transport system, for transmitting vehicle status data and / or route data, such as the planned destination, or the like. The interface is preferably suitable for wireless data transmission. Preferred connection methods include, for example, Bluetooth and / or WLAN connections as well as NFC connections. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to establish a connection to other transport devices, for example also to enable communication between the users or different transport devices. The interface is preferably designed for bidirectional data transmission. A wired data transmission is possible, for example via fiber optic cable. The data transmission can also take place via a local computer network (LAN), wherein the transmission of the data between the transport device and the collective transport means can take place electrically via cable or optically via optical fibers made of glass fiber or plastic.

In particular, for charging the energy store, preferably with green electricity, the transport device may further comprise an interface for power transmission. About such it is possible to load the energy storage, in particular an electric accumulator. A charging process can take place at the place of residence of the user and / or at special charging stations on the way or else in the collective transporting means, while the transporting device is docked therein at a corresponding receiving station. For this purpose, the collective transport means preferably has a correspondingly complementary interface for energy transmission, in particular in the region of the receiving space for the transport device. An energy transfer for charging the energy storage device can also be effected without contact, preferably by means of induction.

In a preferred embodiment, which may also include the features described above, the transport device is at least partially self-propelled. For this purpose, corresponding sensors, cameras and / or locating means can be provided. An autonomous driving operation allows a journey, preferably with virtually no user intervention, from the user's place of residence via a boarding point to a collective transport device and the route traveled by the group transport device and the route from the exit point to the destination.

The transport device may further comprise a registration means, such as to allow registration in the use of a collective transport means. The registration means is preferably designed as a passive registration means, for example as an RFID chip and / or as a barcode. Passive components offer the advantage of being cost-effective both in production and in operation, and beyond that for use not need your own energy supply. This additionally supports the energy efficiency of the transport device.

Alternatively or additionally, however, active registration methods in the form of transmitters or receivers and / or software-based solutions, which are implemented approximately in an integrated circuit, may be provided within the scope of the invention.

For operation as a public-Community means of transport in the context of the transport system according to the invention, the collective transport means, as mentioned above, a receiving space or more recording spaces for personal transport devices. The receiving sites can be arranged in different ways in or on the collective transport means, wherein the final arrangement depends in particular on the nature and nature of the collective transport means in the specific case. For example, a configuration of a group transport means designed as a rail vehicle is possible such that within a wagon a number of receiving locations are arranged parallel and diagonally to the direction of travel of the collective transport means. Lanes are provided in the direction of travel left and right of the row of reception areas where users of the collective transport means can drive with their personal transport device from an approach opening of the car to a free receiving space in the series and can drive on the other side of the receiving space to the exit opening , In addition to the receiving spaces, at least one receiving area for passengers can be provided, which is equipped with seats in the usual way.

The coupling of a personal transport device with the collective transport means takes place, as explained above, preferably mechanically and / or magnetically. For this purpose, a correspondingly designed coupling device is used on the side of the collective transport means. A mechanical connection can be realized in particular as a clamping and / or locking device. By a non-positive and / or positive connection, the transport device is securely held while driving with the collective transport means in the designated place, so that slipping and consequent accidents are avoided. A magnetic coupling can be realized both with permanent magnets and with electromagnets, depending on the specific application situation to the previously described advantages of both variants.

The coupling device of the collective transport means is in particular designed so that it can interact with a complementary connecting device of the personal transport device. As a result, a particularly secure connection of both vehicles is achieved. Preferably, the coupling means of the collective transport means and the connection means of the transport device are standardized and / or meet a certain standard in order to ensure a smooth coupling and an always possible connection, in particular without regional differences.

If the transport device is spatially fixed by suitable measures at the receiving location in the collective transport means, this circumstance can be used, for example, to build up a stable data connection between the transport device and the collective transport device. For this purpose, both can have a corresponding communication device. A radio connection for which the collective transporting means and / or the transporting device can have a corresponding transmitting or receiving device, in particular an antenna, is preferred in this context since it allows a certain freedom of movement with an existing data connection. With regard to the fixation of the transport device at the receiving location, however, a conductive connection is also possible through a contact closure between the transport device and the collective transport device in the area of the receiving station. This type of connection has u.a. the advantage of a lower susceptibility to interference. The interface is preferably integrated in the connection device.

The data connection is preferably bidirectional. In this case, for example, data for identification, the place of departure and / or destination, etc., can be transmitted from the transport device to the collective transport device. The transport device can in turn, for example, in particular, dynamically adapted timetable data, tariff information, o.ä. received by the collective transport means, which can be displayed to the user via a display device.

Alternatively or additionally, information without direct travel reference can be transmitted via the data connection. In addition to general usage parameters or a usage profile, this may include, for example, technical data, such as in the form of software updates, or even advertising content that is displayed to the user.

Furthermore, a fixed position of the personal transport device on the receiving space in the collective transport means allows an energy transfer to the transport device by means provided for this purpose, for example, to provide electrical equipment of the transport device with energy and / or energy storage to load. By way of a conductive connection by means of a cable and / or a plug connection, comparatively high currents can flow, which allow, for example, rapid charging of the energy store. On the other hand, contactless energy transmission which is likewise possible according to the invention, for example by means of an induction coil, is more flexible in its application and less maintenance-intensive, since there are no contacts which can become dirty or corrode.

The collective transport means may be designed as a rail vehicle and / or as a road vehicle and thus similar to today known trains or train cars, buses or trucks that are already used in public (passenger) traffic. Against this background, known means of transport such as buses or trains u. U. also be modified so that they are suitable for receiving personal transport devices, in particular of the type described above. This can be done for example in an introductory phase of the transport system according to the invention and allows a cost-effective transition to the principle of passenger transport according to the invention. A use of aircraft as a collective transport means is not excluded.

In the distant future, however, an infrastructure adapted to the transport system according to the invention can also be established. By using one-way streets, for example, routes can be created for the collective transport. In this case, other forms of collective transport means can be used. For example, special routes can be used to transport the transport devices directly with their users. This can be done by means of a linear motor, as used in today's magnetic levitation. It is also possible to use transport platforms and / or conveyor belts for one or more personal transport devices as collective transport means. Another example provides a conveyor chain (or similar cable) that can carry the transport devices when the user attaches, eg hooks, to a corresponding device of the chain or cable with a connection device of his transport device. The transport device with the user then moves passively driven, i. without emptying your own energy storage.

The collective transport means is preferably designed such that it can receive and transport a sufficiently large number of personal transport devices. The specific number of receiving spaces for transport devices provided per unit of the collective transport means in the transport system according to the invention depends greatly on the frequency of the line of the collective transport means. By way of example, in rural areas, a total of 10 picking locations in the collective transport may be perfectly adequate, while in urban, densely populated areas, especially at times of typically high traffic, e.g. colloquially to the "rush hour", far more than 100 places per unit may be necessary. Ultimately, this number also depends on the timing of the collective transport means on a particular line.

In order to recognize which transport device (s) is / are transported during a journey from the collective transport means, for instance in order to be able to settle the costs for the journey, the collective transport device can have a registration device by means of which a registration means of a transport device can be read out or recognized can. Examples of suitable registration devices are a device for reading out an RFID chip and / or a bar code reader. Alternatively or additionally, a software-based log-on in a network of the collective transport means and / or a log on to a user interface can also take place. The registration of the transport device can be done both automatically and manually.

In the example of a barcode as a registration means, the registration device of the collective transport means may be formed as an automatic system in the entrance to the interior and / or the receiving space, or as a handheld scanner, which is operated by the user himself to log in or his transport device relative to the transport system.

The processes necessary for the organization of the journeys, the boarding and disembarkation and the billing are preferably handled by a data processing device which is arranged in or on the collective transport means. In this case, the data processing device can also take over the management of the communication with the transport devices and / or perform control tasks. A data processing device locally assigned to the collective transport means reduces the data traffic to remote data servers and increases the stability of the communication since, even in the case of a connection to an external data network, the communication between the transport devices and the collective transport medium continues as part of the transport system and administrative tasks, such as an on - and log out, without delays for the operation can be done. A comparison with a central server via an external network can be done later - for example, if there is a return after a failure - done.

With the transport system according to the invention, the journey of a user can have the following sequence by way of example:

The user is in possession of a personal transport device and rises at his starting location, e.g. his place of residence, in this one. At close range, i. in the vicinity of his starting place, the user can comfortably cover different ways by means of the transport device, which can be longer, in particular, than he can reach on foot within a reasonable time. In order now to cover a further distance, for example to an adjacent city or beyond, the user drives with his personal transport device to a stop of a collective transport means in its surroundings.

At the stop, he drives with his transport device in an incoming or waiting collective transport means or on such, controls there a free receiving space and coupled to the transport device to the collective transport means. In this case, a data connection between the two means of locomotion can be established and / or an energy store of the transport device can be loaded. The transport device is registered by the collective transport means. For transport security while driving the transport device can be locked, for example, at the receiving place. During the journey with the collective transport means, the user can remain in place in his transport device and, if necessary, apart from the statement of a stop request, must in particular make no active control interventions for the journey. The transport device is preferably placed in a stand-by state while driving. In principle, it is of course also possible for the user to leave his own transport device while traveling with the collective transport device and then to stay in a passenger area of the collective transport device while driving.

In the vicinity of the destination, the user leaves the collective transport means with his transport device. Optionally, a logout or a deregistration in the transport system or in the collective transport means takes place in this context. From the stop at which the user has left the collective transport means, he can continue his journey with his personal transport device to his destination.

Of particular advantage in this method of transport, for example, compared to known car trains or the transport of bicycles in public transport, is a standardized coupling option through which a universal compatibility of transport devices and collective transport means of different types and / or regions is ensured. Unlike, for example, in the case of the mentioned car trains, therefore, no individually adapted, time-consuming securing of the personal vehicle due to different vehicle sizes and shapes must take place. Due to the high time involved in loading and unloading, for example, a car train is not suitable to be used in public transport, and is therefore also at best on longer distances use. These disadvantages are avoided by the system according to the invention, in which the loading and unloading and the backup and registration of the transport device in the collective transport means does not take much longer time than the entry and exit in current conventional means of transport of public transport.

Another advantage of the system according to the invention is that the user can remain in his personal transport device while traveling with the collective transport means. This is not possible with known means of transport according to a related principle, such as car trains or car ferries, for safety reasons. The car as a personal transport device is usually transported in known forms of transport as cargo in separate storage areas. Passengers are waiting in a passenger area while driving. After arrival, therefore, a time-consuming unloading of the vehicles is necessary before the journey can be continued.

The possibility of not having to leave the transport device after entering a collective transport means while driving, allows an immediate leaving the collective transport means after reaching the desired stop. As a result, the overall process is accelerated when using the transport system according to the invention to an extent that is required for successful use in public transport.

It is understood that in addition to receiving spaces for personal transport devices also usual sitting and / or standing room for the known use of collective transport means by pedestrians and / or cyclists can be provided.

Moreover, the transport system according to the invention can also include the rental or leasing of personal transport devices, similar to known car-sharing systems. In this way, the transport system can also be used with a foreign transport device.

The borrowing of a transport device can be done at stationary stations. Billing is then started, for example, by logging on to the station or on the vehicle. The use of a collective transport means is then documented, for example, by setting a flag in a data processing device in the course of the coupling at the receiving location and quantified according to the tariff. After returning the transport device can finally take place a total settlement of the use, which is composed of the individual use of the transport device itself and the use of collective transport means for transport.

As an alternative to stations, the borrowing and / or return of transport facilities can also take place at any location and in particular in a collective transport means. In the latter case, the collective transport means thus ultimately fulfills the function of a borrowing or return station for transport devices, the station itself moving on fixed routes and preferably reversing at a predetermined time. For this purpose, a borrowing or return can be made about an input device of the transport device and / or a corresponding terminal of the collective transport means.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments. All of the described and / or illustrated features in each case count as belonging to the present invention, regardless of their combination in the examples shown or the references back in the claims.

• 1 eine perspektivische schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Transportvorrichtung,
• 2 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung der Transportvorrichtung aus 1 in seitlicher Ansicht,
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Transportsystems,
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung des Innenraums einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Sammeltransportmittels des erfindungsgemäßen Transportsystems,
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer alternativen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Transportsystems und
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer beispielhaften Anwendungssituation des erfindungsgemäßen Transportsystems.

It shows

• 1 a perspective schematic representation of a transport device according to the invention,
• 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of the transport device 1 in lateral view,
• 3 a schematic representation of a transport system according to the invention,
• 4 a schematic representation of the interior of a preferred embodiment of a collective transport means of the transport system according to the invention,
• 5 a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the transport system according to the invention and
• 6 a schematic representation of an exemplary application situation of the transport system according to the invention.

In the 1 and 2 is purely an example of a possible embodiment of a transport device according to the invention 1 shown. The transport device 1 serves according to the invention in particular the passenger transport. In the illustrated embodiment, the transport device 1 trained as a light vehicle.

In the presentation of the 1 and 2 is an example of a user 2 represented, as the driver, the transport device 1 served. The representation of only one user 2 has been chosen for clarity and does not limit the invention in any way.

The transport device according to the invention 1 can also have a number of seats for users 2 , in particular two, three or four places. Preferably, the transport device 1 but one seat or two seats up.

The transport device 1 in this case has a closed body 3 on, which is a passenger compartment 4 for the user (s) 1 encloses inside.

In the illustrated embodiment, the transport device 1 four wheels 5 on. However, in particular with regard to a compact and lightweight design can also be another, in particular a smaller, number of wheels 5 be provided. Ultimately, the presence of wheels 5 not necessary according to the invention, but preferred.

Regardless of the possibility that the transport device 1 According to the invention, self-propelled or at least suitable for a semi-autonomous operation, are suitable for the in 1 and 2 shown transport device 1 not shown in detail for manual control by the user 2 intended. Exemplary of such control devices is a steering wheel 6 shown. The user 2 can the transport device 1 drive by means of the control devices similar to a standard automobile. He is sitting in a sitting position on a seat 7 inside the passenger compartment 4 ,

To increase the practical utility value, the transport device 1 present in the lateral cross-sectional view according to 2 recognizable luggage compartment 8th on. This is, for example, in the rear region of the transport device 1 ie it is in the direction of travel behind the passenger compartment 4 arranged.

For propulsion, the transport device 1 a drive device 9 on, by means of which at least one wheel 5 is driven. In the illustrated embodiment, it is the drive 9 around an electric motor. However, there are also other drive concepts and in particular a hybrid drive, in which different drive concepts are combined, into consideration.

The drive device 9 is powered by an energy store 10 , Which saves space as an electric accumulator below the passenger compartment 4 is arranged.

The transport device 1 has a connection device 11 for connection with an in 3 shown collective transport means 12 on, in the presentation according to 1 and 2 is shown in two exemplary, each alone or in combination feasible embodiments.

According to 3 and by means of the connection device 11 becomes a link to a collective transport 12 at a reception place 13 for the transport device 1 performed. By a particular folding and / or extendable extension, in this case below the transport device 1 is arranged, a mechanical fixation, in this case by a snap on a coupling device 14 of the collective transport means 12 , be made.

A usually additionally chosen measure is the attachment of at least one wheel 5 , such as by clamping or latching. For a universal possibility of coupling need the transport device 1 and the reception place 13 of the collective transport means 12 with respect to the connection method, ie locking means, plug shape, etc., and to a certain extent also with respect to the dimensions of a common standard subject.

Furthermore, a fixation in the sense of docking by a connecting device 11 at another point, in particular at the front end, of the transport device 1 be performed. The transport device 1 becomes due to the coupling process at the receiving place 13 in collective transport 12 secured in particular by locking.

About the connection device 11 can be a data connection with a collective transport 12 being constructed. Furthermore, an energy transmission via the connecting device 11 take place, for example, the energy storage 10 while traveling with the collective transport 12 to load.

In particular, the representation of 1 is the execution of the connection device 11 as a plug connection in the front region of the transport device 1 refer to. Such designed as a socket for a connector connection device 11 is preferably protected with a cover, not shown, for example, a flap or a sliding cover, from moisture and dirt.

An alternatively or additionally usable variant of the connecting device 11 is in particular in the side view according to 2 to recognize. The connection device 11 can according to this illustration also on the underside of the transport device 1 be arranged. In principle, the connecting device 11 be formed or folded and / or extendable or extendable. As a result, the aerodynamics is improved while driving and a snagging of the connecting device 11 prevents obstacles and associated damage.

About a separate embodiment of the connecting device 11 In addition, a connection via sensors and / or contacts in a wheel 5 the transport device 1 respectively. The connection device 11 is in this case in the corresponding wheel 5 integrated. It is understood that always a combination of different embodiments of connecting devices 11 can be provided to ensure the highest possible compatibility with different standards of coupling systems.

An energy supply of the drive 9 and / or charging the energy storage 10 is in the present case by a photovoltaic system 33 supported. Such is in the example shown in the upper part, ie on the top of the body 3 the transport device 1 arranged.

For administrative tasks, such as communication via the connection device 11 or the control of the charging process of the energy storage 10 and the processing of control and drive status data of the transport device 1 , serves a data processing device 15 , Not shown in detail are a display device and an operating device, via which the user 2 the data processing device 15 operate or control and can change settings by means of user input.

In 3 is exemplary schematically the interaction of the personal transport device 1 with a collective transport agent 12 shown in the context of a transport system. The collective transport 12 is formed in the example shown as a rail vehicle and shown in the illustration with partially open side wall to provide insight into the interior. The collective transport 12 has a plurality of wagons 16 on, in the interior of several transport devices 1 on a plurality of corresponding receiving places 13 can be transported over a long distance.

To use the collective transport 12 the user drives 2 for example, from his place of residence 17 with his personal transport device 1 to a stop 18 of the collective transport means 12 , Once there, he reaches a ramp 19 a platform 20 from which he has access openings 21 with his transport device 1 in the collective transport means 12 retracts. Inside, the transport device 1 on a free admission place 13 parked there with the collective transport 12 coupled and the transport device 1 in particular spatially fixed. The user 2 can while driving with the collective transport 12 in his personal transport device 1 remain. The transport device 1 thus fulfills during the journey with the collective transport means 12 So in a sense, the function of a compartment, as it is known for example from conventional long-distance trains.

At a destination stop 22 arrived (cf. 6 ) leaves the user 2 along with its transport device 1 the collective transport agent 12 again through the access opening 21 or a separate exit opening 23 (see. 4 ). He can then make his journey in an individual way with his transport device 1 from the destination stop 22 out to a destination 24 continue.

4 exemplifies how the interior of a wagon 16 of the collective transport means 12 can be designed. After entering the interior through the access opening 21 the user drives 2 with his transport device 1 over a first lane 25 up to a free admission place 13 , The recording places 13 for the transport device 1 are present diagonal to the direction of travel and in a row in the lateral direction approximately centrally in the collective transport means 12 is arranged. At a free admission place 13 arrived the user drives 2 with his transport device 1 on top of this and park the transport device 1 there.

By means of the connecting device 11 the transport device 1 and the coupling device 14 of the collective transport means 12 , which together form a standardized or otherwise standardized coupling system, the coupling between the two vehicles takes place 1 . 12 in the sense of docking. In addition to a mechanical fixation at the receiving place 13 Furthermore, a connection for energy transmission and a data connection is also established. During the journey, therefore, data can be transferred between the transport device 1 and the collective transport means 12 be replaced as part of the transport system and also the energy storage 10 the transport device 1 be charged, giving new energy for the drive 9 is available when the user 2 at the destination stop 22 the collective transport agent 12 again over a second lane 26 leaves and his ride with the transporter 1 continues.

A detection of the transport device 1 at the reception place 13 takes place here via the data interface with the connection device 11 is coupled. In addition, however, for example, a wireless data connection can be made. A registration of the transport device 1 in connection with the use of the collective means of transport 12 and their tariff billing is preferably also via data connection via the corresponding interface.

In addition to the reception places 13 for transport devices 1 can in collective transport 12 according to 3 also regular passenger seats 27 be provided in the form of seats for other travelers. The collective transport 12 thus serves in the illustrated embodiment as a public transport both for use with corresponding transport devices 1 as well as in the known manner as a public transport for passenger transport.

5 shows another possible embodiment of the collective transport means 12 , In the present example according to 5 becomes the transport device 1 rather, by means of the connection device 11 on a conveyor chain 28 attached, which is the transport device 1 then on a route 29 drags.

The transport device 1 is thus through the conveyor chain 28 passively powered. This form of transport system or collective transport means 12 has the advantage of a uniform and collected transport of transport device 1 and users 2 is made possible with relatively little design effort. Elaborate conversions of existing collective transport means 12 or even new constructions are omitted here. For this type of passive movement of the transport devices 1 are relatively simple infrastructural measures make, such as the creation of appropriate designed routes 29 or modifying existing routes 29 , so that operation with a conveyor chain 28 or a cable is possible.

Also in the case of in 5 shown embodiment of the transport system or the collective transport means 12 may be a data connection and in particular an energy transfer between the collective transport means 12 , ie the route 29 with the conveyor chain 28 , and the transport device 1 be established. Just as a realization of the data connection by means of radio technology is possible, an energy transfer in a contactless manner, in particular according to the principle of induction, take place. However, an electrically conductive connection is preferred for transmitting higher currents and thus for faster charging times. Such can be realized via a plug connection to a live cable or by means of sliding contacts.

6 finally shows an exemplary application situation for the transport system according to the invention. In a close range 30 his place of residence 17 ultimately by the reach of the energy store 10 is given, the user can 2 by means of the transport device according to the invention 1 individually move freely and perform rides until the energy storage 10 is emptied. If this is the case, charging is the energy storage 10 necessary.

Charging takes place, for example, at the place of residence 17 of the user 2 over the local supply network. Alternatively, the user can 2 also a charging station, not shown, in particular fast charging station, approach and the energy storage 10 refill or replace there. The energy storage 10 is in the present case sufficiently large that the user 2 a distance which is practically sufficient, in particular at least 50 km, more particularly 100 km but less than in particular 500 km, more particularly less than 200 km, can travel before the energy store 10 must be charged.

Within the vicinity 30 around his place of residence 17 there is a stop 18 a trunk line 31 on which a collective transport 12 for transporting a plurality of transport devices 1 and persons wrong. Will the user 2 a distant destination 24 out of close range 30 reach, so he drives the stop 18 with the transport device 1 at. To use the remote connection 31 the user drives 2 now in a collective transport 12 one. With the collective transport 12 He now arrives at a stop 22 in a close range 32 around the destination 24 his journey. Hereby the user remains 2 while driving, in its transport device, it's easy 1 sit and can when reaching the destination stop 22 directly from the collective transport 12 drive out and travel in an individual way with the transport device 1 continue.

The use of the collective transport 12 on the long distance line 31 allows the transport device 1 with a low-cost and lightweight energy storage 10 equip, since its range only for the near range 30 . 32 around certain central places 17 . 24 must be sufficient. By charging the energy storage 10 while driving on the trunk line 31 is the user 2 at close range 32 around the destination 24 ideally enough energy is available again to at least the destination 24 from the destination stop 22 to reach out or even make more trips in the target area before the energy store 10 must be recharged.

It should be noted that the term "long-distance" here as opposed to the trips in the vicinity 30 . 32 around the place of residence 17 or the destination 24 of the user. Unlike the usual use of the term long-haul in transportation, the term here also includes regional connections and, in general, all routes that extend beyond the immediate area 30 . 32 go out. In connection with the transport system according to the invention is the use of a collective transport means 12 with the transport device 1 however, not limited to trips that are over the close range 30 . 32 , ie over the range of the energy storage 10 the transport device 1 , go out. A use of collective means of transport 12 can also be used for transportation within the vicinity 30 . 32 happen. Reasons for this can be economic and / or ecological aspects.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

transport device

2

user

3

body

4

cabin

5

wheel

6

steering wheel

7

Seat

8th

Luggage compartment

9

driving means

10

energy storage

11

connecting device

12

Collective transport means

13

recording space

14

coupling device

15

Data processing device

16

wagon

17

place of residence

18

bus stop

19

ramp

20

platform

21

access opening

22

Destination stop

23

egress opening

24

destination

25

lane

26

lane

27

passenger seat

28

conveyor chain

29

route

30

close range

31

Trunk line

32

close range

33

photovoltaic system

Claims (10)

Mobile transport device (1) for individual passenger transport and for use in a collective transport means (12), with at least one seat for a user (2), characterized in that the transport device (1) has a connecting device (11) for the particular mechanical releasable connection of the transport device (1) has a means of transport intended for public transport (12). Transport device after Claim 1 characterized in that the connecting means (11) is adapted to cooperate with a coupling means (14) of a collective transport means (12) complementary, wherein, preferably, the connecting means (11) and / or the coupling means (14) are subject to a common standard, and / or wherein the connecting device (11) is designed as a hook and / or eye, as a latching means, as a magnet system and / or as a magnetic and / or mechanical coupling means, in particular to a rail system. Transport device after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the transport device (1) as a combustion engine and / or as an electric motor and / or as in particular electromagnetic linear motor formed drive means (9), and / or that the transport device (1) has a powered by muscle power drive means (9) , wherein in particular a device for motorized, preferably electromechanical support of the drive (9) is provided, and / or wherein the transport device (1) is preferably at least partially self-propelled. Transport device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport device (1) has an energy store (10), in particular an electric accumulator and / or a fuel cell, wherein the energy store (10) is preferably dimensioned such that the transport device (1 ) with fully charged energy storage (10) a travel of at least 20 km, preferably at least 50 km, preferably at least 100 km, and preferably less than 500 km, more preferably less than 200 km, achieved, and / or that the transport device ( 1) has a photovoltaic system (33), in particular for supplying energy to the drive device (9) and / or for charging the energy store (10). Transport device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport device (1) consists of a lightweight construction material, preferably a polymer material, light metal and / or a carbon fiber material, or comprises such a material. Transport device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport device (1) has an interface to the particular wireless data exchange and / or the particular contactless energy transfer, and / or that the transport device (1) has a registration means, in particular an RFID chip and / or a bar code, for detecting the transport device by a registration device. Transport system with a collective transport means (12) provided for the public transport with at least one receiving place (13), preferably a plurality of receiving places (13), for a transport device (1) provided for the individual traffic, in particular a transport device (1) according to one of the preceding ones Claims, characterized in that the collective transport means (12) comprises a coupling device (14) for in particular mechanical and / or magnetic coupling with the transport device (1), wherein the coupling device (14) preferably for connection to a complementary with the coupling device (14) cooperating connecting device (11) of the transport device (1) is formed, wherein, preferably, the collective transport means (12) is designed as a rail vehicle and / or road vehicle and / or wherein the collective transport means (12) a conveyor belt and / or a conveyor chain (28) and / or a cable t. Transport system after Claim 7 , characterized in that the collective transporting means (12) has, in particular in the region of the receiving place (13), a device for preferably non-contact charging of an energy store (10) of the transporting device (1), preferably an induction coil, and / or that the collective transporting means (12) has an interface for preferably bidirectional and / or wireless data transmission, and / or that the collective transport means (12) comprises a registration device for detecting a transport device (1), and / or that the collective transport means (12) comprises a data processing device, in particular for managing the communication with the transport device (1). Method for transporting persons, wherein a user (2) using a transport device (1) provided for private transport uses a collective transport device (12) provided for public transport, wherein the user (2) approaches a stop (18) by means of the transport device (1) and there together with the transport device (1) enters the collective transport means (12) and / or wherein the user (2) at a destination stop (22) the collective transport means (12) together with the transport device (1) leaves, characterized in that a Coupling of the transport device (1) with the collective transport means (12) by means of at least two complementary cooperating components (11, 14) having, in particular standardized, coupling system takes place. Method according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the user (2) during transport with the collective transport means (12) remains in the transport device (1) and / or that a data and / or energy transfer between the collective transport means (12) and the personal transport device (1) takes place and / or that a further transport of the transport device (1) in the collective transport means (12) by means of a transport device to reach a receiving place (13) for the transport device (1) is provided.

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