DE102017116928A1 - Three-dimensional textile construction, plastering system and method for producing a plaster layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional textile construction (3) for attachment to a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry (10), comprising: a top layer (31); an underlayer (33); and a pole layer (32) formed between the topsheet and the backsheet, by which the topsheet (31) and the backsheet (33) are permanently held at a predetermined interval, the three-dimensional fabric structure (3) being formed as a spacer knit. The invention further relates to a plastering system (1) for a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry (10) having a three-dimensional textile construction (3) attached to the masonry (10) and a wall plaster (4) applied to the three-dimensional textile structure (3) and a method for producing a plaster layer on a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry.

Description

The invention relates to a three-dimensional textile construction, a plastering system and a method for producing a plaster layer.

Rising moisture in masonry is a widespread renovation problem, especially in old buildings. The deposition of entrained salts in the upper layers of plaster often leads to splintering of plaster and masonry parts. Basically, one should first try to eliminate the cause of the moisture. Since this is not always (completely) possible and the complete drying out of the masonry takes a long time, the so-called restoration plaster systems are used. Due to the relatively limited absorption capacity for salts, however, sooner or later new plaster damage usually occurs. Restoration plaster systems usually do not provide adequate protection for moisture penetrating from the outside.

DE 195 07 041 A1 describes a concealed mat for the renovation of damp, salt-contaminated masonry. However, this flushing mat must first be provided with a base and top layer, which leads to a lot of work. In addition, the stiffness of the mat brings disadvantages in the application to rugged masonry.

DE 197 06 223 A1 describes a wall repair panel for salt-soaked walls. Due to the capillary conductivity of the plate can easily penetrate salt in case of errors in the hydrophobic layer, salt. Again, it is difficult to ensure a continuous contact with the wall on uneven surfaces. Furthermore, the water vapor permeability is low.

The invention has for its object to provide a structure and a plaster system that allows a permanent plaster application even on damp / salt-damaged masonry.

The object is achieved by a textile construction with the features of claim 1, a plastering system having the features of claim 7 and a method for producing a plaster layer having the features of claim 11. Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

The three-dimensional textile construction according to the invention for attachment to a moist (in the sense of moistened) and / or salt-damaged masonry has an upper layer, a lower layer and a pile layer formed between the upper layer and the lower layer. In this case, the pole layer (which is to be understood in the sense of an intermediate layer) is designed in such a way that the upper layer and the lower layer are permanently held by it at a fixed distance. The three-dimensional textile structure is formed as a spacer fabric.

By the pole layer capillary no water with dissolved salts can get into the outer plaster layer and destroy it. Conversely, you can also prevent water from the outside (rain, splash) penetrates into the building. The pole layer thus acts as a capillary-breaking layer. At the same time, the water vapor permeability is almost not reduced. The remaining salts are deposited in the textile construction. Due to the large void volume, large quantities of salts can also be deposited there. Thus, no damage is visible on the actual plaster surface.

In this way, a simple, inexpensive and easy to use plastering system can be realized. Since the textile construction fits extremely well on uneven surfaces (even natural stone masonry), a plaster structure is possible even there.

The pile layer can basically consist of multifilament yarn or multifilament threads or of monofilament threads. Monofilament pile threads, however, have proven to be particularly advantageous.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the upper layer, the lower layer and the Polschicht are made of polyester. However, other starting materials are possible, e.g. Threads made of polyamide.

In an advantageous embodiment, the upper layer and / or the lower layer has a hole pattern. In this case, a hole pattern is understood as meaning the presence of perforations (holes) in the upper layer or lower layer. The holes advantageously have a diameter of 3 to 30 mm. Typically, the holes in this case have a regularly repeating distance from each other. The hole pattern serves to better anchor the adhesive and plaster.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the top layer has a hole pattern and the bottom layer has a hole pattern offset from the top layer hole pattern. The hole pattern present in both layers but offset (e.g., horizontally or vertically) serves to better anchor the adhesive and plaster. The lateral offset prevents the possibility of forming a capillary bridge when glue or mortar penetrates into the holes.

The thickness of the three-dimensional textile structure may in particular be between 3 mm and 20 mm. A thickness of 3 mm can be selected if protection against water entering from the outside is desired. Thicknesses of about 20 mm may be necessary with a high degree of salt load.

To achieve the greatest possible compressive strength can be used as a material use for the pole layer monofilament polyester, not less than 0.15 mm.

The plastering system according to the invention for a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry has the attached to the masonry three-dimensional textile construction and applied to the three-dimensional textile construction wall plaster.

As a particularly preferred connection methods between the textile construction and the wall plaster in this case have the attachment with fasteners such as dowels, the attachment by means of an adhesive and / or attachment by means of a hook and loop fastener connection exposed.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the three-dimensional textile construction is attached to the masonry at least in the transition region of the masonry to an upper edge of a soil. As a result, the rising of moisture in the plaster over a horizontal blockage (which is typically located near the ground in the masonry) away prevented.

The inventive method for producing a plaster layer on a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry comprises the following method steps: (a) attaching the three-dimensional textile construction to the masonry; and (b) applying a wall plaster to the three-dimensional textile construction. In this way, the production of durable plaster layers on heavily damp / salt-damaged masonry is possible.

The attachment of the three-dimensional textile construction is preferably carried out by means of an adhesive, in particular by means of a vapor diffusion open or capillary conductive construction adhesive and / or by means of fastening elements, in particular by means of dowels.

In a preferred embodiment, prior to attaching the three-dimensional textile construction, a rough cleaning of the masonry and removal of the upper old plaster layer occur.

A particularly preferred method for producing a plaster layer on a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry comprises the following process steps: (a) rough cleaning and removal of the upper old plaster layer; (b) attaching the three-dimensional textile structure to the masonry with a vapor diffusion open and capillary conductive structural adhesive or stainless fasteners (e.g., dome dowels) or in combination; and (c) applying directly, even purely mineral, plaster to the three-dimensional textile construction.

The three-dimensional textile construction or the plastering system and the manufacturing process thus enable the preservation of the almost unrestricted water vapor permeability of the masonry, the production of durable, inexpensive plaster layers on heavily soaked, salt-damaged components and avoiding the rise of moisture in the plaster across a horizontal blockage away.

The invention is further illustrated by means of embodiments in the drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals designate like or equivalent components. Show it:

1 a schematic sectional view of a masonry with a plaster system, which has a three-dimensional textile construction;

2 a schematic sectional view of a transition region between masonry and soil, the masonry has a plaster system with a three-dimensional textile construction; and

3 an enlarged schematic sectional view of the plaster system 1 ,

1 shows a plastering system 1 for a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry 10 , The plaster system 1 consists of a through an adhesive 2 on the masonry 10 attached three-dimensional textile construction 3 , On this three-dimensional textile construction 3 is a wall plaster 4 applied. In addition to the glue 2 is the three-dimensional textile construction 3 through plate dowels 5 with the masonry 10 connected.

2 also shows the plastering system 1 according to 1 , In 2 is the three-dimensional textile construction 3 however in a transition area between the masonry 10 and a top of a soil 20 arranged. The masonry 10 has a horizontal barrier 6 to prevent moisture increase.

In 1 and 2 is the three-dimensional textile construction 3 each on the masonry 10 attached and serves as a capillary breaking element. In this way, the production of durable plaster layers is possible even on heavily wet / salt-damaged masonry. It also serves to protect against externally impinging water. This can not penetrate into the masonry. At the same time the thermal insulation improves.

3 shows an enlarged schematic sectional view of the plastering system 1 , The three-dimensional textile construction 3 has an upper class 31 , a pole layer 32 and an underclass 33 on. The polar layer 32 is between the upper class 31 and the lower class 33 educated. Through the pole layer 32 become the upper class 31 and the lower class 33 permanently held at a fixed distance from each other. In the three-dimensional textile construction 3 it is a spacer knitted fabric. In the described embodiment, the pole layer consists of monofilament threads. The upper class 31 and the lower class 33 each have holes 7 at a regular interval. These holes 7 form a hole pattern on the upper class 31 or the lower layer 33 , The hole patterns are offset from one another. When attaching the three-dimensional textile structure 3 to the wall to be treated penetrates into the holes 7 the upper class 31 the glue 2 and in the holes 7 the lower class 33 the wall plaster 4 one. This improves the adhesion of adhesive 2 and wall plaster 4 , The staggered arrangement of the holes 7 prevents the formation of a capillary bridge, which otherwise would be due to strong penetration of adhesive 2 or wall plaster 4 could train.

The parameters in the production of the spacer fabric of the embodiment are:
Wales per inch: 16 (machine fineness E16)
Stitches per cm: 7.26
Thickness of the spacer knit: 10 mm
Basis weight: 658 g / m ²

a trial:

• L2: 1-2-2-2 / 1-0-0-0 //
• L3: 2-3-0-1 / 3-2-5-4 //
• L4: 2-3-0-1 / 3-2-5-4 //
• L5: 0-0-1-2 / 2-2-1-0 //

Material insert and material inlet in mm / rack

• L2: polyester detx 167f48 textured; Inlet 2712 mm / rack
• L3: polyester 0.15mm monofilament; Inlet 14275 mm / rack
• L4: polyester 0.15mm monofilament; Inlet 14275 mm / rack
• L5: polyester dtex 167f48 textured; Inlet 2712 mm / rack

Yarn feeding scheme in the pattern rails:

• L2: full
• L3: 1 full, 1 empty
• L4: 1 full, 1 empty
• L5: full

The above-mentioned manufacturing parameters are to be regarded as a preferred embodiment. Depending on the application, however, other manufacturing parameters can be selected.

• – mittels rostfreier Befestigungselemente (z.B. Tellerdübel);
• – durch Aufkleben mit einem diffusionsoffenen oder kapillar leitfähigen Baukleber;
• – durch Aufkletten (betrifft eine mit Klettverschluss kaschierte dreidimensionale Textilkonstruktion) auf einen vorher angebrachten Spritzbewurf (ist besonders für stark zerklüftetes Natursteinmauerwerk geeignet); oder
• – durch eine Kombination dieser Möglichkeiten.

Anschließend kann direkt auf der Oberfläche der dreidimensionalen Textilkonstruktion 3 ein rein mineralischer Putzaufbau erfolgen.The installation of the plastering system 1 to the masonry 10 takes place in the following way:
After rough cleaning and removal of the upper old plaster layer becomes the three-dimensional textile construction 3 on the masonry 10 attached. This can be done in different ways:

• - by means of stainless fasteners (eg plate dowels);
• - By gluing with a vapor-permeable or capillary conductive construction adhesive;
• - by splicing (refers to a three-dimensional textile construction laminated with velcro) on a previously applied Spritzbewurf (is particularly suitable for heavily rugged natural stone masonry); or
• - through a combination of these possibilities.

Subsequently, directly on the surface of the three-dimensional textile construction 3 a purely mineral plaster structure done.

The three-dimensional textile construction 3 for attachment to the masonry 10 thus has an upper class 31 , an underclass 33 and one between the upper class 31 and the lower class 33 formed pole layer 32 on. The polar layer 32 is formed such that through this the upper layer 31 and the lower class 33 be kept permanently at a specified distance. As a result, no capillary water with dissolved salts in the wall plaster 4 arrive and damage this. Instead, the salts are stored in the textile construction 3 from. The plaster system 1 thus allows a permanent plaster application even on rugged and uneven wet / salt damaged masonry.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 plaster system

2

 Glue

3

 three-dimensional textile construction

4

 Wandputz

5

 plate anchors

6

 horizontal barrier

7

 hole

10

 damp / salt-damaged masonry

20

 Top of the ground

31

 top layer

32

 pile

33

 underclass

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19507041 A1 [0003]
• DE 19706223 A1 [0004]

Claims (13)

Three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) for attachment to a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry ( 10 ), comprising: - an upper class ( 31 ); - an underclass ( 33 ); and - one between the upper class ( 31 ) and the lower class ( 33 ) formed pole layer ( 32 ), through which the upper class ( 31 ) and the lower layer ( 33 ) are kept permanently at a specified distance; the three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) is formed as a spacer fabric. A three-dimensional textile construction according to claim 1, wherein the pile layer ( 32 ) consists of monofilament threads. Three-dimensional textile construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper layer ( 31 ), the lower class ( 33 ) and the pole layer ( 32 ) are made of polyester. Three-dimensional textile construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper layer ( 31 ) and / or the lower layer ( 33 ) have a hole pattern. A three-dimensional textile construction according to claim 4, wherein the upper layer ( 31 ) has a hole pattern and the lower layer ( 33 ) to the lace pattern of the upper class ( 31 ) has offset hole pattern. Three-dimensional textile construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the textile construction ( 3 ) has the following parameters: - wales per inch: 16; - courses per cm: 7.26; Thickness of the spacer knit: 10 mm; Basis weight: 658 g / m ² . Plastering system ( 1 ) for a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry ( 10 ), comprising: - one on the masonry ( 10 ) attached three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) according to any one of the preceding claims; and - one on the three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) applied wall plaster ( 4 ). Plastering system according to claim 7, wherein the three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) by means of fastening elements, in particular by means of plate dowels ( 5 ), on the masonry ( 10 ) is attached. Plastering system according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) by means of an adhesive, in particular by means of a vapor diffusion open or capillary conductive construction adhesive ( 2 ), on the masonry ( 10 ) is attached. Plastering system according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) in the transition area of the masonry ( 10 ) to an upper edge of a soil ( 20 ) to the masonry ( 10 ) is attached. Process for producing a plaster layer on a damp and / or salt-damaged masonry ( 10 ) comprising the following steps: - applying a three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6 to the masonry ( 10 ); and - applying a wall plaster ( 4 ) on the three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ). The method of claim 11, wherein attaching the three-dimensional textile construction ( 3 ) by means of an adhesive, in particular by means of a vapor diffusion open or capillary conductive construction adhesive ( 2 ) and / or by means of fastening elements, in particular by means of plate anchors ( 5 ), he follows. Use of a three-dimensional textile construction according to one of Claims 1 to 6 in a plastering system, in particular in a plastering system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 7 to 10, for attachment to a moist and / or salt-damaged masonry ( 10 ).

Images