DE102017114020A1 - Device for evaporation and condensation of water - Google Patents

Abstract

A device (1) for evaporation and condensation of water, in particular for the production of drinking water, comprises a closed space which has an evaporator surface (25) to which an aqueous liquid can be introduced via an inlet (4), at least partially sloping evaporator surface (25) flows and then via a drain (2) can be derived from the room. Above the evaporator surface (25), an inclined foil (5) is arranged, on which water can condense on the side facing the evaporator surface (25) and can be diverted from the inclined foil (5) via an outlet (3) to a collecting device. Thus, the recovery of condensed water from salt or brackish water on a large area can be done with simple means.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for the evaporation and condensation of water, in particular for the production of drinking water, with a closed space having an evaporator surface, via which a water-containing liquid can be introduced, which flows over the at least partially sloping evaporator surface and then can be derived from the room via a drain.

The DE 16 42 530 discloses a device for recovering fresh water from salt water, in which an air flow is passed along a tubular film, wherein the air is to heat in a first part and in a second part to the air hose condensation to collect the fresh water takes place. The air can be moved by means of fans, whereby the introduction of mechanical energy for moving the air and seawater is complex. In addition, the device can only be placed in an environment with seawater.

The DE 100 47 522 A1 discloses a device for solar drinking water production from sea or brackish water, in which a evaporation surface is provided in a housing in order to be able to collect this after evaporation of water by condensation. Again, the structural complexity is immense, since the circulation of the air and water appropriate equipment must be provided.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for the condensation of water, which allows a simple means of collecting water.

This object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1.

According to the invention, an inclined foil is arranged above the evaporator surface, on which water can condense on the side facing the evaporator surface and can be diverted from the inclined foil via an outlet to a collecting device. Therefore, a cost-producible film for condensation can be used on the room, which can also be mounted on large evaporator surfaces. As a result, condensate can be collected with simple means, both the use of material is low, and can be dispensed with expensive equipment, such as fans.

The film may at least partially form the ceiling of the room and be formed for example as an elongated film web. In order to ensure reliable drainage of the condensate, the film may be formed as a stretched film web, which is arranged inclined at an angle between 10 ° and 30 ° to the horizontal.

For a simple sealing of the space at the drains, a siphon may be provided at the outlet for the condensed water and / or at the outlet for the water-containing liquid, ie a U-shaped trap.

Preferably, the evaporator surface on several basins, which are arranged offset in height and in each case an upper basin is connected via an overflow with a lower basin. Due to the overflow from basin to basin, a low flow velocity and a long contact time of the aqueous liquid with the air in the room can be obtained. Optionally, the water-containing liquid may also be heated prior to introduction into the feed to increase the amount of evaporated water.

In a further embodiment, a controller is provided and the inlet of the aqueous liquid is volumetrically controlled or predetermined by a constant pressure. For this purpose, either the intensity of the solar radiation or the temperature can be measured at different positions to produce optimized flow conditions depending on the sunlight.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Kondensation von Wasser mit einer Verdampferfläche;
• 2 ein Ausschnitt der Vorrichtung der 1 im Bereich der Verdampferfläche;
• 3 ein Längsschnitt durch die Verdampferfläche;
• 4 ein Querschnitt durch die Verdampferfläche;
• 5A und B eine Detailansicht der Verdampferfläche;
• 6 eine schematische Ansicht einer Vorrichtung mit drei parallel betriebenen Verdampferflächen;
• 7 ein Steuerschaubild über die Regelung des Zulauf mittels Temperaturmessung;
• 8 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung, und
• 9 Ein Detailansicht einer modifizierten Verdampferfläche.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

• 1 a perspective view of an apparatus according to the invention for the condensation of water with an evaporator surface;
• 2 a section of the device 1 in the area of the evaporator surface;
• 3 a longitudinal section through the evaporator surface;
• 4 a cross section through the evaporator surface;
• 5A and B a detailed view of the evaporator surface;
• 6 a schematic view of a device with three parallel operated evaporator surfaces;
• 7 a control diagram on the control of the inlet by means of temperature measurement;
• 8th a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention, and
• 9 A detailed view of a modified evaporator surface.

A device 1 for the condensation of water, in particular for the production of drinking water, comprises a space with an evaporator surface 25 , above a slide 5 is appropriate. The closed room has side walls 6 and end walls 7 and is on the bottom side through the evaporator surface 25 and in the ceiling area through the film 5 closed to prevent the escape of moist air.

On the evaporator surface 25 is through a feed 4 a water-containing liquid, in particular salt or brackish water 9 introduced, via the at least partially sloping evaporator surface 25 flows and then over a drain 2 is derivable from the room. The evaporator surface 25 may be designed inclined or stepped to the liquid to the process 2 to lead.

As in 2 is shown are at the evaporator surface 25 several pools 8th formed, which are arranged offset in height. An upper pelvis 8th is each about an overflow 10 , in particular an overflow bar with a lower basin 8th connected is. As a result, we use the water-containing liquid, in particular salt or brackish water, as completely as possible 9 applied as a result of the action of solar energy passing through the films 5 on the evaporator surface 25 acts, partially evaporated or evaporated. As a result, forms in the room with a water-enriched air with high humidity. This also increases the temperature within the room.

The foil 5 is in contact with the colder environment, eliminating the inside of the film 5 a lower compared to the steam atmosphere in the interior temperature. At this relative to the inner atmosphere colder inner surface of the film 5 Water can condense and droplets 11 form. By an inclination of the film 5 from 10 to 30 ° to the horizontal, preferably from 15 to 25 °, it is ensured that on the inside of the film 5 forming condensate in the form of droplets 11 not on the evaporator surface 25 drips back, but on the inside of the slide 5 down to the front wall 7 expires. At the lowest level of the film 5 is a collection trough 12 attached to catch the condensate, as in 3 is shown. This collection trough 12 has an opening down to a drain 3 on, through which the condensate passes through the floor 26 can drain via a siphon 14 into a collection container.

A floor 26 below the evaporator surface 25 as well as optionally the sidewalls 6 and the end walls 7 are made of a thermally insulating material. The thermal insulation of the floor 26 as well as the side and end walls 6 and 7 serve to minimize the heat dissipation from the closed space of the device 1 , The thermal insulation of the side and end walls 6 and 7 also serves to prevent condensation on the side and end walls 6 and 7 , Condensation thus arises predominantly or exclusively on the inside of the film 5 , which is colder due to the thermal contact with the environment, than the other surfaces within the room, as soon as it is exposed to sunlight. Optionally, the side walls 6 and / or the end walls 7 also through the material of the film 5 are formed, which reduces the manufacturing cost.

The evaporator surface 25 preferably consists of a thermally conductive foil or a metal sheet, in particular of steel or aluminum. The thermally conductive film is applied to a flat or profiled pad of a thermally insulating material, preferably a polymer foam board. It has a thickness of 1 micron to 0.8 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 mm. This film may be flat or have on at least one surface a geometric structure that reduces the flow rate of the water and / or affects the direction of flow of the water on the evaporator surface.

To increase the through the evaporator surface 25 absorbed solar energy, these can be provided with a surface coating having an increased absorption coefficient, as the carrier material. For this purpose, powdery substances are introduced into this thin top layer, which allow a high absorption of infrared radiation. Such substances can be black pigments, such as Russian or graphite.

Suitable polymer foams for the material of the soil 26 or the side and end walls 6 and 7 are rigid foams, such as EPS, XPS, PUR, phenolic foam or melamine resin foam. The thermally conductive foil or sheet on the evaporator surface 25 is glued to the floor. The side and end walls 6 and 7 can also be with the ground 26 glued or otherwise mechanically connected. The device 1 is aligned and positioned for operation so that the evaporator surface 25 aligned as perpendicular to sunlight. This angle of attack is based on the required angle of attack when the sun is at its zenith in summer. In the morning and evening hours, the angle of incidence of the sun on the evaporator surface is less than 90 °, which is related to the size of the evaporator surface 25 gives a reduction of the incident solar energy per unit area. To increase the energy input, also the side walls 6 and / or the end walls 7 with a foil are coated, which reflect the incident solar radiation in the direction of the evaporator surface 25.

The unevaporated liquid, so excess salt water or brackish water can over a drain 2 be derived. It may also be provided a valve for opening or closing to appropriate lines or hoses to the drain 2 to be able to connect. Alternatively, a siphon 15 in the process 2 be provided by excess salt or brackish water, which leads to a hermetic seal of the interior without the installation of a valve.

The device 1 has at the evaporator surface 25 has a step-like profile. Each level has a pool 8th and an overflow 10 in the form of a dust bar, which ensures that water is distributed evenly on one level. These jibs can optionally be provided with a bevel, so that inclined edges 16 and 17 are formed, wherein the inclination to the viewed from the front right or left side alternates to the respective next stage.

The feed 4 salt or brackish water takes place in the line of the uppermost stage of the evaporator surface via a central distribution channel. From this feed 4 The water-containing liquid passes through a water-permeable closure lip that closes the inlet 4 against the evaporator surface 25 and closes the interior, over the entire width of the evaporator surface 25 derived. From the inlet 4 From this, a liquid film forms on the uppermost level.

The inclination of the oblique Dalkalkens promotes drainage of the liquid on the side wall 6 to the next level below. On this, the liquid is distributed to the opposite side wall 6 from where the liquid can flow off to the next stage due to the opposite inclination of the dust bar. This process of meandering drainage continues until the lower gutter 13 is reached for the liquid. This gutter is with an opening to a drain 2 provided by the excess liquid through a siphon 15 is derived.

On the way of the above discontinued water film to the lower collecting channel 13, the water-containing liquid is heated due to the sunlight in contact with the thermally conductive sheet of foil or sheet. This warming leads in part to the evaporation and evaporation of the water within the room. The resulting water vapor is on the film 5 condenses and through this to the collecting trough 12 derived for condensation.

The device 1 forms a flat evaporator, which may have in any number parallel to each other established spaces that are operated in parallel. Because of this modular design, the drinking water production from salt or brackish water can be expanded by means of these flat evaporator modules to plants of any capacity, as exemplified in 6 is shown. From a tank 30 is via a supply line 31 Salt or brackish water to several inlets 4 directed, each with a room with an evaporator surface 25 connected to the evaporation and condensation of water. The water-containing liquid can by means of a pump or by gravity from a higher tank in the inlet 4 be promoted of the evaporator. Collected condensation will over the respective processes 3 to a tank 20 via a manifold 24 directed. Excess salt or brackish water that has not evaporated can be stored in another container 18 collected or disposed of. Alternatively, the excess salt or brackish water via a pump 19 , in particular a peristaltic pump in the tank 30 or one in the tank 30 Built-in Wäremtaucher be conducted. In this way, the heat energy in the excess salt and brackish water can be at least partially reused.

The amount of water discharged through this water-permeable lip onto the evaporator surface will be regulated by a separate device. For this purpose, various functional principles can be implemented:

1. a) in Abhängigkeit von der aktueller Energiedichte der Sonneneinstrahlung (Energiedichtemessung)
2. b) in Abhängigkeit von der pro Zeiteinheit gewonnenen Kondenswassermenge (Volumen / Durchsatzmessung Kondenswasser)
3. c) in Abhängigkeit von der Menge und/oder Temperatur des Überschusswassers in der Ablaufrinne der Verdampferfläche, und/oder
4. d) in Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Wassertemperatur im Zulauf und Ablauf der Verdampferfläche

geregelt werden.A volume flow control can be carried out by means of a controllable pump. For this example, a peristaltic pump is used to control a pump power. The pumping power can:

1. a) depending on the current energy density of solar radiation (energy density measurement)
2. b) depending on the amount of condensate collected per unit time (volume / throughput condensed water)
3. c) depending on the amount and / or temperature of the excess water in the gutter of the evaporator surface, and / or
4. d) depending on the temperature difference between the water temperature in the inlet and outlet of the evaporator surface

be managed.

1. a) in Abhängigkeit von der aktueller Energiedichte der Sonneneinstrahlung (Energiedichtemessung)
2. b) in Abhängigkeit von der pro Zeiteinheit gewonnenen Kondenswassermenge (Volumen / Durchsatzmessung Kondenswasser)
3. c) in Abhängigkeit von der Menge und/oder der Temperatur des Überschusswassers in der Ablaufrinne der Verdampferfläche 25, wenn ein geeigneter Temperatursensor 22 ein Signal an die Steuereinheit 21 abgibt, oder
4. d) in Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Flüssigkeitstemperatur im Zulauf 4 und Ablauf 2 der Verdampferfläche 25 erfolgen.

Alternatively, a volume flow control by means of a controllable valve in the inlet 4 take place. The fluid pressure is here by a opposite the evaporator surface 25 higher-level reservoir kept at a constant level. The flow rate is essentially a valve 32 limited by a control unit 21 is regulated, as in 7 is shown. A control or regulation of the valve 32 can:

1. a) depending on the current energy density of solar radiation (energy density measurement)
2. b) depending on the amount of condensate collected per unit time (volume / throughput condensed water)
3. c) depending on the amount and / or the temperature of the excess water in the gutter of the evaporator surface 25 if a suitable temperature sensor 22 a signal to the control unit 21 gives up, or
4. d) depending on the temperature difference between liquid temperature in the inlet 4 and expiration 2 the evaporator surface 25 respectively.

The feed 4 the salt / brackish water is from a tank 30 over a pipeline 31 which involves heating the incoming water between the tank 30 and the evaporator surface 25 due to sunlight. This reduces the required for the heating of the liquid fraction of the registered solar energy, so that the efficiency of the device is increased. The temperature of the liquid can be in the inlet 4 to the evaporator surface 25 also be measured.

The foil 5 Can on the side walls 6 and end walls 7 be positively or non-positively fixed, for example, by gluing or plugging in slots provided for this purpose in the walls, alternatively by a combination of the two.

So that enough solar energy on the evaporator surface 25 below the foil 5 the film can 5 be made of a transparent or translucent material. This material should have high permeability for the entire spectrum of incident sunlight, especially for the infrared portion of the incident sunlight. The foil 5 should also ensure a low reflection of the incident sunlight on the top. Suitable materials for this purpose may be: PE, PP, PET, PMMA, PVC, PC. The film thickness should be as low as possible, but ensure sufficient rigidity of the film, so that the film 5 above the evaporator surface 25 does not sag too far, what the drainage of the condensate in the collecting trough 12 hamper or impair. Suitable film thicknesses are 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.6 mm.

The inclination of the film 5 can by suitable film materials, by a suitable surface treatment of the film 5 on the inside or by a suitable coating of the film 5 be reduced on the inside. A suitable coating may be inorganic or organic in nature. It can be made hydrophilic or hydrophobic.

A photovoltaic system with a backup battery is used for the grid - independent power supply for measuring technology, control engineering and pump technology.

In 8th a further embodiment is shown in which the device is a cup-shaped housing 27 of a thermally insulating material, for example of hard foam, in which a deep molded body 28 is inserted.

The housing 27 comprises as a heat-insulating material, a polymer foam, Favor foamed polystyrene (EPS), PUR or a phenolic resin foam, wherein the housing 27 in the form of a box of individual plates of thickness 20 -60 mm, preferably 25-40 mm can be glued together. This box takes over the function of thermal insulation and at the same time the static load capacity of the flat evaporator, so that no superordinate construction has to take over the basic function of the static load capacity.

The deep-drawn body 28 includes the pelvis 8th and the overflows 10 to the water-containing liquid from the inlet 4 to the process 2 to lead. Further, it is integral with the molding 28 the sequence 3 for the condensate or a connection for such a process 3 educated. This allows the connections for the inlet 4 and the process 2 in the trough bottom of the molding 28 be integrated.

The molded body 28 has an edge on at least two sides on an edge of the housing 27 rests, preferably on all four sides and is fixed there. At the preferably peripheral edge of the molded body 28 is the film 5 fixed in a vapor-tight manner via a welding, sealing or adhesive connection 33. Other fastening means, such as terminal strips can be used to fix the film 5 at the edge of the molding 28 and / or the housing 27 be provided.

In at least one, preferably all pelvis 8th is at least partially a coating 29 provided from a heat-storing material. The coating 29 can derive its heat storage from latent heat (heat of crystallization), the material of the coating 29 a crystallization temperature of 40 to 95 ° C, preferably from 50 to 85 ° C. This material contains, for example, paraffin wax, stearates or montan waxes as a heat-storing material. This material can also be applied in encapsulated form to the water surface, wherein the material in the molten state does not lose its shape due to the encapsulation. As capsule material may be a transparent, water-insoluble polymer, such as preferably partially crosslinked types of gelatin (hard or soft gelatin), polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid or hyaluronic acid.

The distance the distance between a surface of the pelvis 8th and condensation surface of the film 5 is preferably between 2 to 10 cm, preferably 1-5 cm. The height of the water level in the tanks 8th with the overflow 10 is between 0.2 to 2 cm, preferably 0.3 to 0.7 cm.

The evaporator surface on the molding 28 or the pelvis 8th can be dark, preferably colored black. The coloration may be present only on the top of the evaporator surface, or the evaporator surface may consist of a polymeric, black through-colored material. The coloring can also be done from the bottom in a transparent Vedampferfläche or below the transparent evaporator surface is a dark or black colored material arranged, which is in direct contact with the bottom of the evaporator surface.

In 9 a detail of a modified device for evaporation is shown in which a surface layer 29 the aqueous liquid 9 in the basin 8th is coated with a radiation-absorbing material, preferably in black. This material may contain graphite, carbon black or other black materials that are preferably floating or incorporated into a water insoluble transparent matrix of a polymer. The material mixture of matrix and black material may have a density of less than 1 g / cm ³ , so that this material floats. Alternatively, the material in the form of flakes, granules or surface can be abandoned, with surface occupancy of the water surface of this material is perforated sufficiently strong, so that water can evaporate from the exposed pores.

Furthermore, the material in the basin 8th and / or on the liquid 9 a hydrogel which is colored with radiation-absorbing materials, preferably black, or contains radiation-absorbing materials, such as carbon black or graphite. The material can achieve solubility in water by chemical crosslinking of the hydrogel-forming material. The hydrogel preferably contains polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, hyaluronic acid, polyacrylic acid and / or gelatin.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

2

Drain for water-containing liquid

3

Drain condensate

4

Inlet for water-containing liquid

5

foil

6

Side wall

7

bulkhead

8th

pool

9

Salt / brackish water

10

overflow

11

droplet

12

Collecting channel for condensed water

13

Collecting channel for salt water

14

Siphon for condensate

15

Siphon for salt water

16

Inclined edge

17

Inclined edge

18

Collection point for dirty water

19

pump

20

tank

21

Tank for pure drinking water

22

Control unit for valve switching over temperature and time

23

temperature sensor

24

management

25

evaporator surface

26

ground

27

casing

28

molding

29

coating

30

tank

31

feed

32

surface layer

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 1642530 [0002]
• DE 10047522 A1 [0003]

Claims (20)

Device (1) for evaporation and condensation of water, in particular for the production of drinking water, with a closed space having an evaporator surface (25) to which via an inlet (4) a water-containing liquid can be introduced via the at least partially sloping Evaporator surface (25) flows and then via a drain (2) from the space can be derived, characterized in that above the evaporator surface (25) an inclined foil (5) is arranged on the side facing the evaporator surface (25) side water can condense and from the inclined foil (5) via a drain (3) can be derived to a collecting device. Device after Claim 1 , characterized in that the film (5) forms at least part of the ceiling of the closed space. Device after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the film (5) is formed as a stretched film web which is arranged inclined at an angle between 10 ° and 30 ° to the horizontal. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that on the outlet (3) for the condensed water in front of the collecting device a siphon (14) is provided. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that on the outlet (2) for the aqueous liquid, a siphon (15) is provided. Device after Claim 1 to 5 , characterized in that on the space one or more walls (6, 7) and / or a bottom (26) of a housing (27) are provided, which are made of a heat insulating material, in particular with a rigid foam containing plates. Device after Claim 1 to 6 , characterized in that the evaporator surface (25) has a plurality of basins (8) which are arranged offset in height and in each case an upper basin (8) via an overflow (10) with a lower basin (8) is connected. Device after Claim 1 to 7 , characterized in that the evaporator surface (25) on an upper side of an absorbent material, in particular of a colored sheet metal or a film. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the water-containing liquid supplied to the evaporator surface (25) is heated by solar radiation, in particular by storage in a tank (30) and / or by heatable lines at the inlet (4). Device according to one of Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that a control (21) is provided and the inlet (4) of the aqueous liquid is controlled volumetrically or is predetermined by a constant pressure. Device after Claim 10 , characterized in that a temperature sensor (22) in the region of the inlet (4) and / or in the region of the outlet (2) is provided for the water-containing liquid. Device after Claim 11 , characterized in that the temperature difference of the aqueous liquid between inlet (4) and outlet (2) by the control (21) is used for flow control. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 12 , characterized in that the water-containing liquid by means of a pump (19), in particular a peristaltic pump is conveyed. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 13 , characterized in that measured by means of a measuring device, a height of incident on a reference surface solar energy is measured, and controllable by controlling the volume flow of the aqueous fluid at the inlet (4) depending on the measured solar energy. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 14 , characterized in that a plurality of chambers each having an evaporator surface (25) are provided, which are supplied via a common tank (30) with water-containing liquid. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 15 , characterized in that the evaporation surface (25) used for evaporation comprises a thermally conductive foil or a thermoformed molded body (28). Device after Claim 16 , characterized in that the film or the thermoformed molded body (28) has a geometric structure which reduces the flow rate of the water. Device after Claim 17 , characterized in that the film or the shaped body (28) has a geometric structure which controls the flow direction of the water on this film in such a way that the evaporator film is applied as uniformly as possible over the entire width with a salt water film. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 18 , characterized in that the evaporation surface used for evaporation is provided with a radiation-absorbing coating. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 19 , characterized in that a surface layer (29) of the aqueous liquid (9) in the basin (8) is at least partially covered with a radiation-absorbing material, preferably in black.

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