DE102017103011A1 - Cooling module of a continuous sintering furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

Cooling module 1 of a continuous sintering furnace 2 with a cooling chamber 3 and at least one conveyor 4 for conveying sintered components 5 along a passage direction 6 from an inlet 7 of the cooling chamber 3 to an outlet 8 of the cooling chamber 3, wherein the cooling module 1 at least one cross-flow fan 10 with a rotation axis eleventh and a gas outlet 12, whose axis of rotation 11 and gas outlet 12 are aligned at least substantially parallel to the passage direction 6.

Description

The present invention relates to a cooling module of a continuous sintering furnace. The cooling module has at least one cross-flow fan for generating a cooling gas flow. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a cross-flow fan for cooling sintered components or for uniformly distributing a gas flow towards sintered components in a continuous sintering furnace. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating a cooling module of a continuous sintering furnace.

A continuous sintering furnace regularly comprises different treatment modules which are arranged successively. A continuous sintering furnace can be designed as a roller hearth furnace, as a belt furnace or blast furnace. For this purpose, the sintered components to be treated, preferably of substantially densified metal and / or ceramic powder, are arranged on a conveyor and conveyed through the continuous sintering oven continuously or at intervals of time. The individual treatment modules are designed to be open to each other regularly, wherein protective gas flows at the inlet and / or outlet of a treatment module can prevent the entry of oxygen into the treatment module. Additionally or alternatively, cross-sectional constrictions can be provided, which stabilize the flow between the treatment modules and only allow a directed gas exchange between the treatment modules and, above all, prevent the ingress of air.

A continuous sintering furnace at least preferably comprises the following treatment zones, which are arranged one behind the other in the predetermined sequence in the conveying direction of the sintered components: burn-out zone (for removing lubricants present in the bodies to be sintered and / or waxing by burning at a temperature lower than a sintering temperature); Sintering zone (for materially bonding the sintered material in the sintered component at a temperature below a melting temperature of the sintered component); optionally hardening zone (also called rough cooling zone, for controlled rapid cooling of the sintered components and setting of a desired microstructure) or homogenizing zone, final cooling zone (for further cooling of the sintered components, eg to an ambient temperature). In particular, at least the process steps of sintering, chilled cooling and final or normal cooling are carried out under a protective gas atmosphere (ie in particular with the exclusion of oxygen).

In the modulus of the hardening zone, the sintered components undergo rapid and controlled cooling immediately after sintering in the sintering zone or after homogenization in a homogenizing zone at a somewhat lower temperature above the phase transformation of the material to be hardened. The sintered components are therefore preferably moved from the sintering zone directly into the immediately adjacent cooling module and cooled there. In this way, desired structure of the sintered components can still be produced in or on the continuous sintering furnace, if one wants to avoid the additional costs of an additional subsequent heat treatment.

In the case of cooling modules of continuous sintering furnaces, for example, external centrifugal fans are used regularly in which a gas flow in the area of the axis of rotation is fed to the centrifugal fan and exits the radial fan via the (entire) peripheral surface. This gas stream is supplied to the cooling module and thus the sintered components on the conveyor, wherein the gas flow is distributed by additional deflection surfaces, so that the sintered components can be cooled rapidly.

Centrifugal fans have a compact design and can be flexibly arranged with respect to their position to the cooling module. The gas flow can be directed via compact piping from the cooling module to the centrifugal fan and on to the cooling module. However, due to the swirling of the generated gas flow, complex deflection surfaces (deflection surfaces, diffusers, nozzle fields, flow deflection nozzles, honeycomb rectifiers, etc., referred to below as deflection surfaces) are to be arranged in the cooling module. Furthermore, the gas outlet of a centrifugal fan is relatively small, so that the required volume flow exits at high speed and at high pressure from the centrifugal fan. By the deflection surfaces, the volume flow is distributed over the surface of the conveyor and reduces the speed and pressure.

On this basis, it is an object of the present invention, at least alleviate or even solve the problems described with reference to the prior art. In particular, the intended for cooling of sintered components gas stream is to be made uniform, so that a uniform and constant as possible quality of sintered components can be generated.

To solve these objects contributes to a cooling module according to the features of claim 1, a use of a cross-flow fan according to the features of claim 9 and a method for operating a cooling module of a continuous sintering furnace according to the features of claim 13 at. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims. The features listed individually in the claims can be combined in a technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and details of the figures, with further embodiments of the invention are shown.

A cooling module of a continuous sintering furnace with a cooling chamber and at least one conveying device for conveying sintered components along a passage direction from an inlet of the cooling chamber to an outlet of the cooling chamber is proposed. The cooling module comprises at least one cross-flow fan with an axis of rotation and a gas outlet whose axis of rotation and gas outlet are aligned at least substantially parallel to the passage direction.

The cooling module is used in particular as a hardening module, homogenizing module and / or as a final cooling zone module. Several hardening modules, homogenizing modules and / or final cooling zone modules can also be arranged one behind the other in a continuous sintering furnace.

The cooling module in particular comprises a gas flow circuit, d. H. The gas flow generated by the at least one cross-flow fan exits the cross-flow fan, flows over the sintered components and the conveyor and enters the at least one cross-flow fan again. Possibly. the gas stream also flows through a heat exchanger. In particular, the entire gas flow circuit (cross-flow fan, conveyor, heat exchanger) is disposed within a common housing, at least partially separating walls, for. B for guiding the gas flow, can be arranged within the housing.

Substantially parallel here also includes a slight inclination relative to the passage direction. Thus, the axis of rotation and / or the gas outlet of the cross-flow fan can also be inclined at an angle of at most 45 degrees, in particular of at most 30 degrees, preferably of at most 15 degrees and more preferably of at most 5 degrees with respect to the direction of passage. In particular, however, an actual parallel arrangement (0 angle degree of inclination relative to the direction of passage) is preferred.

The cooling module in particular comprises a cooling chamber for the controlled cooling of sintered components. More particularly, the cooling module relates to a cooling chamber for so-called "rough cooling" in which the sintered components are cooled or hardened (directly) from the sintering heat or from the homogenization temperature. In particular, the sintered components are arranged on a conveyor and are conveyed continuously and / or at intervals over time in a passage direction from an inlet to an outlet of the cooling chamber. The inlet and / or the outlet are designed in particular in the manner of an "open" lock, where a blocking flow of inert gas prevents the entry of oxygen there. Alternatively, the cooling module at the inlet and / or outlet of other treatment modules is separated by so-called chamber locks. With chamber locks, the gas exchange between the treatment modules can be largely prevented.

The conveyor includes z. B. a conveyor belt that is designed to be suitable for the prevailing temperatures. The sintered components are conveyed on the conveyor through the cooling chamber. The cooling gas flow generated in the cooling module by the at least one cross-flow fan strikes, for example, from above, preferably vertically or substantially vertically from above and / or from below, preferably vertically from below or essentially vertically from below onto the conveyor sintered components. The gas stream is preferably passed through the conveying device (eg the conveyor belt), so that a complete loading of each sintered component takes place on the conveying device. However, the bearing surface itself is not additionally flowed through in this embodiment by an opposite gas flow, so for example from below by a deflection of the gas stream. However, according to a further embodiment, this can be provided. For example, for this purpose, a reversal of a partial flow of the gas stream can be used. This reversal can be done, for example, after the gas flow has been passed through the conveyor. There is also the possibility that the gas stream is divided before the conveyor into partial streams. The partial flows can be conducted in the same as well as in different directions, for example, also have opposite directions. Thus, the sintered components can also be flowed from different directions, for example simultaneously from above as well as from below or sequentially. The sintered components are preferably sintered metal powder green compacts, in particular steel components, ie in particular sintered steel components.

In the passage direction in front of and behind the cooling module, the above-mentioned further treatment zones of a continuous sintering furnace may furthermore be arranged, which are optionally arranged separately from the cooling module by means of locks.

With the cross-flow fan proposed here, a gas is sucked in in particular over the entire length of a fan impeller, flows into the inside of the impeller and is deflected and accelerated by the gas vortex created during the rotation of the impeller. Thereafter, the gas flow in particular occurs again over the entire impeller length via a gas outlet on the pressure side. The gas outlet comprises a longitudinal opening, which extends in particular over the entire length of the fan impeller. In particular, the longitudinal opening is designed substantially rectangular. In particular, the longitudinal opening extends in a direction transverse to the length of the fan impeller over a height that corresponds to at least 30%, preferably at least 50% of a diameter of the fan impeller. The gas outlet can also be designed nozzle-like and / or diffuser-like. The gas stream thus generated is characterized in particular by a uniform gas flow (uniform distribution of the volume flow) over the entire gas outlet and the longitudinal opening. In particular, any volumetric flow through a cross-section of the longitudinal opening at a position of the length of the fan impeller differs from any other volumetric flow through another, equally large cross-section of the longitudinal opening at a different position of the fan impeller by at most 20%, preferably at most 10% (preferred measured at the same time, volume flows in the immediate edge region of the longitudinal opening being negligible).

The gas stream is in particular a so-called protective gas, which reduces or prevents oxidation of the material of the sintered components. In particular, the gas stream is nitrogen (N ₂ ), hydrogen (H ₂ ), nitrogen-hydrogen mixtures, endo gas (eg about 40% hydrogen (H ₂ ), about 20% carbon monoxide ( CO), balance nitrogen (N ₂ ) possibly with small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), moisture (H ₂ O) and methane (CH ₄ )) or the like.

The substantially parallel arrangement of the axis of rotation and gas outlet to the passage direction of the sintered components by the cooling module allows in particular that an almost uniformly flowing gas flow (ie the same volume flows) acts on the sintered components. In particular, a plurality of sintered components can thus be arranged next to one another on the conveyor in a direction transverse to the passage direction, wherein these sintered components arranged next to one another are acted upon by (nearly) equal partial flows of the gas flow. In particular, a comparable cooling rate for all sintered components is produced, so that the sintered components can be produced with a constant quality.

In particular, only one cross-flow fan with exactly one fan impeller is provided in the direction of passage. But it is also possible, in the direction of passage one behind the other, fluidically acting as a parallel circuit, to arrange a plurality of cross-flow fans. In particular, each cross-flow fan may also include a plurality of fan impellers having a common or more, but coaxially arranged axes of rotation.

Further, two cross-flow fans can be arranged opposite to each other. In this case, a gas stream can be divided into two partial gas streams, wherein each partial gas stream flows through only one cross-flow fan after each overflow of the conveyor. As a result, a parallel connection of two opposing cross-flow fans can be achieved.

Further, two or more cross-flow fans can be arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the gas flow, so that a series connection of two or more cross-flow fans is achieved. As a result, a higher pressure of the gas stream can be achieved, wherein z. B. in each cross-flow fan, a deflection of the gas flow, in particular by about 90 degrees. As a result of the deflection of the gas flow through the cross-flow fan internals for flow deflection can be saved, so that the flow resistance is further reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment, the length of the at least one fan impeller and / or a gas outlet (or more fan impellers and / or multiple gas outlets added together) of the at least one cross-flow fan at least 20%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 90% of an extension of the cooling chamber from the inlet to the outlet.

With a shorter length of the at least one fan impeller (or more together fan impellers) of the at least one cross-flow fan, a larger diameter of the at least one fan impeller can be used, so that at the same volume capacity (liters per minute), a larger pressure of the gas flow is established. In particular, even with a shorter length of the at least one fan impeller, a diffuser for even distribution of the gas flow (exclusively) in the direction of passage can be used.

The individual cross-flow fans can be operated in particular independently regulated. Thus, different cooling profiles are adjustable within the cooling module, so that the sintered components in dependence on their position on the conveyor, in particular in Passage direction, can be acted upon with different gas flows.

In particular, heat exchangers (in particular one heat exchanger is also assigned to one cross-flow fan, but it is also possible for a plurality of heat exchangers to be assigned to one cross-flow fan) can be operated independently of one another. Also by the heat exchanger cooling profiles can be influenced within the cooling module.

The more the length of the at least one fan impeller and / or the gas outlet (or the plurality of coaxially arranged fan impellers and / or gas outlets) corresponds to the extent of the cooling chamber, the less a deflection of the gas flow emerging from the gas outlet in the direction of the passage direction is required. Accordingly, flow losses can be reduced.

In particular, at least one deflection surface is provided in the cooling chamber and the gas outlet of the at least one cross-flow fan, which directs a gas flow emerging from the gas outlet transversely to the passage direction towards the conveyor.

Preferably, only deflection surfaces are provided between the gas outlet and the sintering components arranged on the conveying device, which deflect a gas flow emerging from the gas outlet (only) transversely to the passage direction to the conveying device.

Preferably, downstream of the sintered components, ie between the conveyor and the at least one cross-flow fan, exclusively deflection surfaces are provided which direct the gas flow substantially (only) transversely to the passage direction towards the at least one cross-flow fan.

In accordance with a particularly advantageous embodiment of the cooling module, deflecting surfaces which deflect in different directions and are regularly used for distributing and equalizing the gas flow starting from a radial fan to the sintered components are not required. As a result, flow losses (due to the deflection) can be minimized. Furthermore, no complex device of the deflection surfaces is required. Furthermore, the cooling performance can be improved because the deflection surfaces to be cooled are now much smaller, or can be avoided.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one cooling channel with at least one heat exchanger and at least one cross-flow fan is provided laterally to the at least one conveying device. In particular, via the at least one cross-flow fan, a gas stream below the conveyor can be removed and fed back to the cooling chamber via the at least one cross-flow fan. The heat exchanger can immediately downstream of the sintered components, ie z. B. may be located directly below the conveyor. Alternatively and / or additionally, the heat exchanger can also be arranged laterally of the cooling chamber in the cooling channel, upstream and / or downstream of the at least one cross-flow fan.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, at least one cooling channel is provided laterally to the at least one conveying device, wherein the at least one cross-flow fan is arranged below and / or laterally of the conveying device.

In particular, the cross-flow fan is not arranged above or not so to the conveyor, that an impermissible heating of the cross-flow fan by convection or radiation, starting from the hot conveyor or the sintered components, takes place. Accordingly, it is preferred that the at least one cross-flow fan is arranged below or at least laterally of the conveyor.

The cooling channel is in particular a component of the cooling chamber and in particular connects the cooling chamber downstream of the conveying device with the cross-flow fan. If necessary, the cooling channel also connects the cross-flow fan downstream of the gas outlet to the cooling chamber. In the cooling chamber, the gas stream acts on the sintered components, so here the conveyor is arranged. In the cooling channel, the cooling of the gas flow takes place via a heat exchanger and the return of the gas flow to the cross-flow fan and / or to the cooling chamber.

The gas flow is cooled down to the predetermined temperature via the heat exchanger, and the amount of heat absorbed from the sintered components is removed from the cooling module. The at least one cooling channel can be arranged in a common housing with the cooling chamber. However, it is also possible that the at least one cooling channel extends at least partially with a distance to the cooling chamber in which the conveyor is arranged.

In particular, two cooling channels are provided, each extending laterally from the cooling chamber and on opposite sides of the cooling chamber. Preferably, each includes Cooling channel at least one heat exchanger. Cooling chamber and cooling channels can together form the cooling module in a housing. But they can also be present separately in individual housings and form the cooling module.

Particularly preferably, a common heat exchanger is arranged immediately downstream of the conveyor, wherein only downstream of the heat exchanger, a division of the gas flow takes place and the gas streams are each guided laterally around the cooling chamber.

The at least one cross-flow fan is controlled or regulated in particular via a pressure difference measurement on the heat exchanger. A speed of the cross-flow fan can be variably adjusted. Also, fixed speeds can be specified, for example, corresponding graded speeds 30%, 60%, 100%. Also, the speed can be adjusted continuously. The at least one cross-flow fan can also be controlled or controlled by other sensor results, eg. B. taking into account a measured pressure, a temperature, a temperature difference measurement, a lambda probe, a dew point, a population of the cooling module with a certain number of sintered components per unit time, a free cross-sectional area of the conveyor, d. H. a pressure change across the conveyor, etc.

In particular, the at least one impeller of the at least one cross-flow fan is mounted at both ends or only at one end of the impeller. Preferably, the bearings of the impeller outside the cooling module, ie in particular arranged outside of the gas flow enclosing housing of the cooling module, wherein only the impeller of the cross-flow fan extends into the cooling module inside.

It is further proposed to use at least one cross-flow fan for cooling sintered components in a continuous sintering furnace.

Furthermore, a use of the cooling module / hardening module for the so-called "rough cooling" of sintered steel components is proposed. In particular, the use for the purpose of quench hardening of sintered steel components from the sintering heat, wherein a structural transformation of the material of the sintered components occurs. In particular, at least partially martensite and / or bainite and / or ferrite is thus produced.

For example, such a cooling module can be integrated later as an exchange as well as a supplement in an existing continuous sintering furnace, for example, by installation in the flow path and extension within the continuous sintering furnace, as an exchange for a previously used cooling zone but for example as a supplement at the end of the continuous sinter oven.

The remarks on the cooling module or its operation apply equally to the claimed use and vice versa. In particular, explanations on the operation or the design of the cooling module can be used to further specify the use.

In particular, the at least one cross-flow fan is used for cooling sintered components (at least partially) in a range of over 900 ° C [degrees Celsius] to below 150 ° C.

The cooling of sintered steel components preferably takes place from the austenitic region into the martensitic region, into the bainitic region or into a region of mixed structures composed of martensite, bainite and ferrite. The rapid cooling must begin correspondingly above the beginning of the phase transformation (ie at about 900 ° C, 700 ° C or 500 ° C) and should end only after reaching the desired degree of conversion. The cooling may in particular end at the earliest after the end of the phase transformation and after falling below a tempering temperature (usually between 180 ° C and 250 ° C), so that an uncontrolled tempering of the sintered steel components is prevented.

It is therefore not possible to define a specific temperature in general. There are also sintered steels with a beginning of the phase transformation of below 700 ° C before. Therefore, it is possible that the at least one cross-flow fan for (rapid) cooling of sintered steel components in a range of (at least) 900 ° C [degrees Celsius], in particular of maximum 700 ° C, or even of maximum 500 ° C and in particular down to maximum 250 ° C, preferably up to 180 ° C is used. In order to treat different sintered components accordingly, setting parameters of the cooling module can be adapted flexibly. For this purpose, adjustable inlet parameters for the cooling module, such as volumetric flow of the gas flow, velocity of the gas flow, temperature of the gas flow, changeable adjustable via a cooler, compression, flow angle and / or other parameters can be adapted accordingly depending on the application.

Preferably, the at least one cross-flow fan for converting a structure of the sintered components of austenitic structure to used at least martensitic and / or bainitic structure.

In particular, the at least one cross-flow fan is used for cooling and converting a structure of steel sintered components.

A very accurate temperature control within the cooling module is advantageous in order to set a predetermined structure in all sintered components.

In particular, it is proposed to use the at least one cross-flow fan in a cooling module of a continuous sintering furnace (for cooling the sintered components and) for evenly distributing a gas flow towards sintered components.

In particular, the crossflow fan generates a (substantially) uniform flow (volume flow is evenly distributed, in particular over the entire length of the fan impeller and preferably over the entire extent of the cooling chamber) downstream of the gas outlet. A deflection of the gas flow, except possibly in a direction transverse to the passage direction, is not required here in particular. Thus, a uniform and reproducible loading of the sintered components on the conveyor by the gas flow can be ensured. In particular, on the conveyor side by side (in a direction transverse to the direction of passage) arranged sintered components can be uniformly and reproducibly acted upon by the gas flow.

It is further proposed a method for operating a cooling module, in particular of the here proposed cooling module, a continuous sintering furnace, wherein in operation by at least one cross-flow fan, a gas flow is provided by a substantially parallel to the passage direction extending longitudinal opening of the gas outlet, which is at least 20% , in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 90% of an extension of the cooling chamber from the inlet to the outlet. In particular, a gas flow is provided by the at least one cross-flow fan, which is distributed uniformly along the extension of the cooling chamber. In this case, evenly distributed means that the gas stream, in particular immediately downstream of the longitudinal opening or downstream of a diffuser arranged there, has at least 80% of the extent of a substantially equal volume flow. In particular, a deviation of the volume flow (in particular with regard to flow direction, temperature and / or flow velocity) at any position along at least 80% of the extent is at most 10%, preferably at most 5%.

In particular, several (similar) sintered components in a direction transverse to the passage direction are arranged side by side on the conveyor and the gas flow is adjusted so that between the finished sintered components dimensional differences of less than 0.02 mm [millimeters] and / or hardness differences of less than 5% (especially at corresponding positions on the sintered component). As a sintered component, one-piece sintered components as well as multipart joined sintered components can be understood, even in the green phase together joined individual components. This partial greenlings can be connected together as well as combinations of partial green bodies with solid material bodies are thermally treated. Also, powder materials such as soft magnetic powder composites, also called SMC materials, can be thermally treated, which caked below a sintering temperature.

In particular, the gas flow is adjusted so that a cooling rate of these components, in particular of these sintered components differ from one another by at most 10%, preferably at most 8%, in particular at most 5% or less.

Ie. in particular, that the sintered components arranged next to each other have (ideally) the same temperatures at comparable times of the sintered components at identical times.

The uniformly distributed gas flow is made uniform in particular by built-in deflection surfaces in a direction transverse to the passage direction, so that immediately upstream of the sintered components a deviation of the volume flow at any position along the direction transverse to the direction of passage is at most 10%, preferably at most 5%.

In particular, for the downstream of the gas outlet and upstream of the sintered components only deflection surfaces are required, which cause a deflection of the gas flow in a direction transverse to the passage direction.

Preferably, the method described above for producing a sintered component is used.

The information on the cooling module and the use of the cross-flow fan apply equally to the claimed method and vice versa.

The use of at least one cross-flow fan in a cooling module of a continuous sintering furnace allows a more uniform and reproducible gas flow through which the Sintered components are charged and cooled. The caused by centrifugal fans rotation of the gas flow, which regularly causes asymmetries of the cooling of the sintered components, does not occur here. By cross-flow fans over the extension of the cooling chamber uniformly distributed flow is generated, which has a constant volume flow over a large part of the extension of the cooling chamber. Due to the lower flow losses (less deflection surfaces, lower turbulence in the gas flow, largely equal volume flows), a lower delivery pressure can be set when using the crossflow fan, with higher volume flows and thus higher cooling capacities being possible at the same time. In this way, required microstructures with higher quality and reproducibility can be set in the sintered components. The cross-flow fans have a lower delivery pressure than centrifugal fans, but allow within the cooling module, a larger flow rate, which correlates directly with the cooling effect.

In the cooling module, flow rates of up to at least 5,000 m ³ / h [cubic meter per hour], preferably at least 10,000 m ³ / h, are generated by the at least one cross-flow fan. In particular, the pressure loss when flowing through the cooling module from gas outlet to gas inlet is only between 100 and 2000 pascals, in particular at most about 500 pascals.

• 1: einen Durchlaufsinterofen in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 2: ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekanntes Kühlmodul in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 3: das Kühlmodul aus 2 in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 4: ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekanntes weiteres Kühlmodul in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 5: ein Kühlmodul in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 6: ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 7: ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 8: ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 9: ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 10: ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 11: ein sechstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 12: ein siebtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 13: ein achtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer Ansicht in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt;
• 14: ein neuntes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kühlmoduls in einer in Durchlaufrichtung im Schnitt; und
• 15: das Kühlmodul gemäß 14 in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt.

The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. It should be noted that the invention should not be limited by the embodiments shown. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is also possible to extract partial aspects of the facts explained in the figures and to combine them with other components and findings from the present description including figures. The same reference numerals designate the same objects, so that explanations of other figures can be used if necessary. They show schematically:

• 1 : a continuous sinter oven in a side view in section;
• 2 a known from the prior art cooling module in a side view in section;
• 3 : the cooling module off 2 in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 4 a known from the prior art further cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 5 a cooling module in a side view in section;
• 6 a first embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 7 a second embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 8th a third embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 9 a fourth embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 10 a fifth embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 11 a sixth embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 12 a seventh embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 13 an eighth embodiment of a cooling module in a view in the direction of passage in section;
• 14 a ninth embodiment of a cooling module in a direction of passage in section; and
• 15 : the cooling module according to 14 in a side view in section.

1 shows a continuous sintering furnace 2 in a side view in section. The continuous sintering furnace 2 includes different treatment modules that are arranged consecutively. The sintered components to be treated 5 Be on a conveyor 4 arranged and continuously or in time intervals in batches through the continuous sintering furnace 2 in the direction of passage 6 conveyed. The conveyor 4 is as a conveyor belt 26 executed, that over pulleys 27 is guided and driven. The individual treatment modules are designed open to each other, with protective gas flows at the inlet 7 and / or outlet 8th a treatment module to prevent the entry of oxygen into the treatment module. About hoods 24 Process gases can be dissipated.

The continuous sintering furnace 2 includes the treatment modules Ausbrennzone 22 (for removing lubricants present in the bodies to be sintered and / or waxes by burning at a temperature lower than a sintering temperature); sintering zone 23 (For cohesive bonding of the sintered material in the sintered component 5 at a temperature below a melting temperature of the sintered component 5 ); cooling module 1 (also Called Schroff cooling zone; for the controlled rapid cooling of the sintered components 5 and setting a desired texture), final cooling zone 25 (for further cooling of the sintered components 5 , z. B. to an ambient temperature).

In particular, between Ausbrennzone 22 and sintering zone 23 as well as between cooling module 1 and final cooling zone 25 each protective gas shells provided so that in the sintering zone 23 as well as in the cooling module 1 performed processes can be carried out in the absence of oxygen. A separation of external air atmosphere (ambient air, outside of the continuous sintering furnace 2 ) finds in particular exclusively at the end of the continuous sintering furnace, ie at the end of the final cooling zone 25 , instead of.

2 shows a known from the prior art cooling module 1 in a side view in section. The cooling module 1 points between inlet 7 and outlet 8 an extension 15 along the passage direction 6 on. Here are as refrigeration units 9 centrifugal fans 21 above the conveyor 4 arranged. In these centrifugal fans 21 becomes a gas stream 17 in the area of the axis of rotation 11 of the centrifugal fan 21 the centrifugal fan 21 fed. The gas flow 17 passes over the (entire) peripheral surface of the centrifugal fan 21 out. The gas flow 17 is in the cooling chamber 3 on the conveyor 4 arranged sintered components 5 supplied here from below, the gas flow 17 through deflection surfaces 16 is distributed as evenly as possible, so that a uniform and for every possible sintered component 5 same cooling rate can be achieved. Due to the twist of the generated gas flow 17 are numerous and complex to be set deflection surfaces 16 in the cooling module 1 to arrange.

3 shows the cooling module 1 out 2 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. On the conveyor belt 26 the conveyor 4 are in one direction 20 transverse to the direction of passage 6 Sintered components arranged side by side. The gas flow 17 occurs downstream of the sintered components 5 over an end face in the above the cooling chamber 3 arranged radial fan 21 and is over the peripheral surface of the centrifugal fan 21 in cooling channels 18 promoted. Here are two cooling channels 18 provided, each side of the cooling module 1 or the cooling chamber 3 and on opposite sides of the cooling module 1 or the cooling chamber 3 run. Each cooling channel 3 includes a heat exchanger 19 , which are downstream of the centrifugal fan 21 at the side of the cooling chamber 3 in the cooling channels 18 are arranged.

The cooling channels 18 are in a common housing 28 with the cooling module 1 arranged.

4 shows a known from the prior art further cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. On the comments too 2 and 3 is referred to. Here is immediately downstream of the conveyor belt 26 the conveyor 4 a heat exchanger 19 in the cooling channel 18 arranged. A gas stream 17 enters the cooling chamber from above 3 a, flows through a nozzle field 31 , flows over the sintered components 5 and flows through the conveyor belt 26 towards the heat exchanger 19 , Downstream of the heat exchanger 19 the gas flow occurs 17 over an end face along the axis of rotation 11 in a radial fan 21 one and over its peripheral surface in the cooling channel 18 one. The cooling channel 18 here is at least partially spaced from the cooling module 1 with the housing 28 arranged. The cross-flow fan 10 is in particular via a measurement of the pressure difference 30 or the temperature difference (not shown) on the heat exchanger 19 regulated or controlled. According to another embodiment, it may also be controlled or controlled by means of parameters such as pressure, temperature, differences in location and / or time, belt speed, belt loading with sintered components or the like.

5 shows a cooling module 1 in a side view in section. The cooling module 1 points between inlet 7 and outlet 8th an extension 15 along the passage direction 6 on. Here is a cross-flow fan 10 above the conveyor 4 arranged. The cross-flow fan 10 has an axis of rotation 11 of a fan impeller 14 on, parallel to the direction of passage 6 is arranged. The gas flow 17 is in the cooling chamber 3 on the conveyor 4 arranged sintered components 5 from above via a honeycomb rectifier 34 fed.

6 shows a first embodiment of a cooling module 1 , according to here 5 , in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. The 5 and 6 will be described together below.

In the cross flow fan 10 as a cooling unit 9 becomes a gas stream 17 over the entire length 13 of the fan impeller 14 sucked in, flows into the impeller interior and is caused by the gas vortex, which occurs during the rotation of the fan impeller 14 arises, and possibly by known in the art internals in the fan impeller 14 , diverted and accelerated. Thereafter, the gas flow occurs 17 again over the entire length 13 of the fan impeller 14 via a gas outlet 12 with a longitudinal opening 29 off at the pressure side. The gas stream thus generated 17 is characterized by a along the entire gas outlet 12 equal volume flow of the gas flow 17 out.

The essentially (and here actually) parallel arrangement of axis of rotation 11 and gas outlet 12 or longitudinal opening 29 to the passage direction 6 the sintered components 5 through the cooling module 1 allows the sintered components 5 with a gas flow having the same partial volume flow 17 be charged. Thus, a plurality of sintered components 5 in one direction 20 transverse to the direction of passage 6 next to each other on the conveyor 4 be arranged, these juxtaposed sintered components 5 by (nearly) equal partial flows of the gas stream 17 be charged. This will be one for all sintered components 5 produces comparable cooling rate, so that the sintered components 5 with a constant quality, e.g. B. in terms of their structure and / or their dimensional accuracy can be produced.

Here is in the flow direction 6 only a cross-flow fan 10 with a fan impeller 14 intended.

The cooling module 1 includes a cooling chamber 3 for the controlled cooling of sintered components 5 , The sintered components 5 are on a conveyor 4 arranged and are continuously and / or in time intervals in batches along a direction of passage 6 from an inlet 7 to an outlet 8th the cooling chamber 3 promoted. The conveyor 4 includes a conveyor belt 26 , which is designed for the present temperatures suitable. The one in the cooling chamber 3 flowing gas stream 17 from above on the conveyor 4 arranged sintered components 5 , The gas flow 17 is through the conveyor 4 passed so that a full load on each sintered component 5 on the conveyor 4 he follows.

In the cooling chamber 3 are deflection surfaces 16 provided, one from the gas outlet 12 exiting gas stream 17 in one direction 20 transverse to the direction of passage 6 towards the conveyor 4 directs. The gas outlet may also have a slot-shaped geometry as indicated.

Also downstream of the sintered components 5 So between the conveyor 4 and the cross-flow fan 10 , are deflection surfaces 16 provided the gas flow 17 essentially only in one direction 20 transverse to the direction of passage 6 towards the cross-flow fan 10 to steer.

Here is the side of the conveyor 4 a cooling channel 18 with a heat exchanger 19 provided, over the with the cross-flow fan 10 a gas stream 17 below the conveyor 4 removable and via the at least one cross-flow fan 10 again the cooling chamber 3 can be fed. The heat exchanger 19 is the side of the cooling chamber 3 in the cooling channel 18 , immediately upstream of the cross-flow fan 10 arranged.

The cooling channel 18 connects the cooling chamber 3 downstream of the conveyor 4 with the cross-flow fan 10 , In the cooling chamber 3 the gas flow is applied 17 the sintered components 5 , In the cooling channel 18 the cooling of the gas flow takes place 17 over the heat exchanger 19 and the return of the gas stream 17 towards the crossflow fan 10 and to the cooling chamber 3 ,

In the following, further embodiments of cooling modules 1 proposed and described. On the comments too 5 and 6 each reference is made.

7 shows a second embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. Here, unlike the first embodiment, the heat exchanger 19 immediately below and downstream of the conveyor 4 and upstream of the cross flow fan 10 arranged.

The deflection surfaces 16 are here as nozzles 32 of the gas stream 17 shown.

8th shows a third embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. In contrast to the first embodiment according to 6 Here is the cross-flow fan 10 below and downstream of the conveyor 4 and upstream of the heat exchanger 19 arranged. In this arrangement, the cross-flow fan 10, in particular in the absence of cooling, from heat due to convection or radiation, starting from the conveyor 4 and the sintered components 5 , arranged protected.

9 shows a fourth embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. In contrast to the third embodiment according to 8th here is the heat exchanger 19 immediately below and downstream of the conveyor 4 and upstream of the cross flow fan 10 arranged. Due to the arrangement of the cross-flow fan 10 downstream of the heat exchanger 19 can change the temperature of the crossflow fan 10 entering gas stream 17 be lowered further.

10 shows a fifth embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. The gas flow 17 enters from above into a cooling chamber 3 and shares downstream of the sintered components 5 and the conveyor 4 into two sub-streams, passing through cooling channels 18 back to cross-flow fans 10 stream. Here are two cooling channels 18 provided, each side of the cooling module 1 or the cooling chamber 3 and on opposite sides of the cooling module 1 or the cooling chamber 3 run. Each cooling channel 3 includes a heat exchanger 19 , the immediately upstream of each of a cross-flow fan 10 at the side of the cooling chamber 3 in the cooling channels 18 is arranged. It is on each side of the cooling chamber 3 and above the conveyor 4 one cross-flow fan each 10 intended. About gas leaks 12 the gas flow occurs 17 in the cooling chamber 3 one.

The cooling channels 18 are in a common housing 28 with the cooling module 1 arranged.

11 shows a sixth embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. In contrast to the fifth embodiment according to 10 Here is a single heat exchanger 19 immediately below the conveyor 4 arranged. Again, there are two cooling channels 18 provided, each side of the cooling module 1 or the cooling chamber 3 and on opposite sides of the cooling module 1 or the cooling chamber 3 run.

12 shows a seventh embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. In contrast to the fifth embodiment according to 10 Here are the cross-flow fans 10 also on the side of the cooling chamber 3 in the cooling channels 18 but now below the conveyor 4 arranged. Every heat exchanger 19 So it is downstream of the respective cross-flow fan 10 and upstream of the sintered components 5 arranged.

13 shows an eighth embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a view in the direction of passage 6 on average. In contrast to the seventh embodiment according to 12 Here is a single heat exchanger 19 immediately below the conveyor 4 being arranged, being only downstream of the heat exchanger 19 a division of the gas flow 17 takes place and the gas flows 17 each side of the cooling chamber 3 be led around.

In the embodiments according to the 10 to 13 are on both sides of the conveyor 4 cooling channels 18 provided, wherein in each of the two cooling channels 18 one cross-flow fan each 10 is arranged.

14 shows a ninth embodiment of a cooling module 1 in a direction of passage in section. 15 shows the cooling module 1 according to 14 in a side view in section. The ninth embodiment differs from the first embodiment according to FIG 6 only by an additional second cross-flow fan 10 in the flow direction 35 of the gas stream 17 downstream of the first cross-flow fan 10 is arranged. Next is here as well too 5 described a honeycomb rectifier 34 or nozzle field above the conveyor 4 arranged. The two cross-flow fans 10 are in the flow direction 35 one through the cross-flow fans 10 generated gas stream 17 arranged one behind the other. In every cross-flow fan 10 the gas flow is deflected by about 90 degrees. Additional deflection surfaces 16 must therefore not be used here. Incidentally, the comments on 5 and 6 directed.

In the embodiments according to the 6 to 15 The cooling channels 18 each extend within the common housing 28 of the cooling module 1 , It is of course also possible that the cooling channels 18 at least partially spaced from the housing 28 are arranged (see, for example, 4 ).

Furthermore, in the 5 to 15 shown that the sintered components 5 from a gas stream 17 only be applied from above, the gas stream 17 over the sintered components 5 and past them through the conveyor 4 is passed through. Of course, it is also possible that the gas stream 17 in the opposite direction, the cooling module 1 flows through (see, for. 2 and 3 ).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

cooling module

2

Continuous sintering furnace

3

cooling chamber

4

Conveyor

5

sintered component

6

Throughput direction

7

inlet

8th

outlet

9

cooling unit

10

Tangential fan

11

axis of rotation

12

gas outlet

13

length

14

fan impeller

15

extension

16

deflection surface

17

gas flow

18

cooling channel

19

heat exchangers

20

direction

21

centrifugal fan

22

burnout

23

sintering zone

24

hood

25

final cooling zone

26

conveyor belt

27

idler pulley

28

casing

29

longitudinal opening

30

pressure difference

31

nozzle array

32

diffuser

33

diffuser

34

Honeycomb rectifier

35

flow direction

Claims (15)

Cooling module (1) of a continuous sintering furnace (2) with a cooling chamber (3) and at least one conveying device (4) for conveying sintered components (5) along a passage direction (6) from an inlet (7) of the cooling chamber (3) to an outlet ( 8) of the cooling chamber (3), wherein the cooling module (1) at least one cross-flow fan (10) having a rotation axis (11) and a gas outlet (12), the axis of rotation (11) and gas outlet (12) at least substantially parallel to the direction of passage (6) are aligned. Cooling module (1) after Claim 1 wherein the length (13) of at least one fan impeller (14) of the at least one cross-flow fan (10) is at least 20% of an extension (15) of the cooling chamber (3) from the inlet (7) to the outlet (8). Cooling module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the cooling chamber (3) and the gas outlet (12) of the at least one cross-flow fan (10) associated with at least one deflection surface (16) is provided, the one from the gas outlet (12) leaving the gas stream (17) transversely to the passage direction (6) towards the conveyor (4) directs. Cooling module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one cooling channel (18) is provided laterally to the at least one conveyor (4) with at least one heat exchanger (19) and at least one cross-flow fan (10). Cooling module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one cooling channel (18) is provided laterally to the at least one conveyor (4) and wherein the at least one cross-flow fan (10) below and / or laterally to the conveyor (4) is arranged. Cooling module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on both sides of the at least one conveyor (4) at least one cooling channel (18) is provided and wherein in each of the at least two cooling channels (18) each at least one cross-flow fan (10) is arranged , Cooling module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein two or more cross-flow fans (10) in the flow direction (35) of a gas flow generated by the cross-flow fans (10) (17) are arranged one behind the other. Continuous sintering furnace (2), at least comprising at least one cooling module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which is arranged as a hardness module and / or as Endkühlzonenmodul. Use of at least one cross-flow fan (10) for cooling sintered components (5) in a continuous sintering furnace (2). Use after Claim 9 for cooling sintered components (5) in a range from over 900 ° C to below 150 ° C. Use after Claim 9 or 10 for converting a texture of the sintered components (5). Use of at least one cross-flow fan (10) in a cooling module (1) of a continuous sintering furnace (2) for uniform distribution of a gas flow (17) towards sintered components (5). Method for operating a cooling module (1) of a continuous sintering furnace (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 , wherein in operation by at least one cross-flow fan (10) a gas flow (17) is provided by a substantially parallel to the passage direction (6) extending longitudinal opening (29) of the at least one gas outlet (12) over at least 20% of an extension (15) of the cooling chamber (3) from the inlet (7) to the outlet (8). Method according to Claim 13 , wherein on the conveyor (4) a plurality of sintered components (5) in a direction (20) transversely to the passage direction (6) are arranged side by side and the gas flow (17) is adjusted so that there are dimensional differences of less than 0.02 mm and / or hardness differences of less than 5% between the sintered components (5). Use of a method according to one of the preceding Claims 13 or 14 for producing a sintered component (5).

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