DE102017008432A1 - Internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (10) having at least one combustion chamber (14) which can be supplied with a fuel for operating the internal combustion engine and with combustion air, with at least one introduction element (22, 30), by means of which a cooling medium different from the fuel ( 46) for cooling the combustion air can be introduced into this, with at least one reservoir (44) for receiving the cooling medium (46), with at least one of the combustion air permeable intake tract (16), with at least one in the intake tract (16) arranged compressor ( 34), by means of which the combustion air (14) to be supplied to the intake tract (16) and to be compressed combustion air, and with a in the intake duct (16) downstream of the compressor (34) arranged charge air cooler (64) for cooling the compressed combustion air, wherein the intercooler (64) and the reservoir (44) are arranged in a temperature control circuit (52) which can be flowed through by a temperature control medium (60) which differs from the cooling medium (46), by means of which the compressed combustion air is cooled by the charge air cooler (64) while heating the temperature control medium (60) and the cooling medium (60) is cooled by cooling the heated tempering medium (60). 46) in the reservoir (44) is heated

Description

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, for example, is already the DE 10 2015 008 668 A1 to be known as known. The internal combustion engine has at least one combustion chamber, which can be supplied with a particularly liquid fuel for operating the internal combustion engine and with combustion air. In addition, the internal combustion engine comprises at least one introduction element, by means of which a different of the fuel cooling medium for cooling the combustion air can be introduced into this. Furthermore, at least one reservoir is provided, in which the cooling medium can be received. In addition, the internal combustion engine comprises at least one of the combustion air-permeable intake tract and at least one compressor arranged in the intake tract, by means of which the intake air flowing through the combustion chamber and to be supplied to the combustion air to be compressed. By compressing the combustion air, this is heated. In this case, a charge air cooler is arranged in the Ansaugtragt downstream of the compressor, by means of which the compressed and thereby heated combustion air can be cooled.

Object of the present invention is to further develop an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned in such a way that a particularly advantageous operation can be realized.

This object is achieved by an internal combustion engine having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

In order to develop an internal combustion engine specified in the preamble of claim 1 type such that a particularly advantageous operation can be realized, it is inventively provided that the intercooler and the reservoir are arranged in a temperature control, which is flowed through by a different of the cooling medium temperature control. By means of the preferably liquid tempering medium, the compressed combustion air is to be cooled by the charge air cooler with heating of the tempering medium. In other words, by means of the tempering medium, the compressed and thus heated combustion air can be cooled so that a heat transfer from the compressed and thus heated combustion air via the intercooler to the temperature control. As a result, the charge air is cooled while the temperature control medium is heated.

In addition, the cooling medium in the reservoir can be heated by means of the tempering medium while cooling the heated tempering medium. In other words, the cooling medium accommodated in the reservoir can be heated by means of the tempering medium, after the tempering medium has been heated in the manner described, by a heat transfer from the heated tempering medium to the cooling medium accommodated in the reservoir. As a result, the temperature control medium is cooled while the cooling medium is heated. By this heating of the cooling medium, for example, a freezing of the cooling medium can be prevented, or the already frozen cooling medium can be heated and thereby melted and thus liquefied. In this way, a particularly advantageous availability of the cooling medium can be ensured, so that the preferably liquid cooling medium can be introduced into the combustion air even at low ambient temperatures. With regard to the cooling medium, the temperature control circuit is a heating circuit or a heating device, by means of which or which the cooling medium can be heated.

The invention preferably also includes a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to the invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the internal combustion engine according to the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention and vice versa.

The invention is based in particular on the following finding: Due to the increasing trend of downsizing for reducing the CO ₂ emissions of motor vehicles, in particular of motor vehicles such as passenger cars, with internal combustion engine drive, the specific torques and the specific power of, for example, gasoline engines are increased Internal combustion engines on and on. This is made possible, among other things, by the charging of the internal combustion engine, which is equipped, for example, with direct fuel injection and also referred to as an internal combustion engine or engine, wherein the charging can take place, for example, by means of at least one exhaust gas turbocharger. The charging is to be understood as meaning the previously described supply of the combustion chamber, for example designed as a cylinder, with the compressed combustion air.

In order to achieve a favorable efficiency - and thus a low fuel consumption - in turbocharged operation, the engine should have a favorable combustion center operate. For this purpose, an effective cooling of the compressed and simply referred to as air combustion air is of particular importance, due to the desire to increase the compression ratio with the aim of further improving fuel economy, increasingly important. In addition, the representable maximum torque - especially at higher engine speed - limited by component-specific limit temperatures. This results in addition to the possibility to move the focus of combustion focus towards early - if possible - a need for additional cooling measures. Both with increasing specific torque and increasing specific power of the engine as well as by increasing the compression ratio of the cooling demand of the compressed air and / or the combustion chamber continues to increase.

In current, designed for example as gasoline engines internal combustion engines, the charge air cooling takes place by means of a charge air cooler, which is flowed through by the compressed air and this thus withdraws heat. The latter is then discharged from the example formed as a heat exchanger intercooler directly to the environment or in the internal combustion engine according to the invention to the heat exchanger flowing through the temperature control, which flows through a temperature control, for example. In other words, for example, the temperature control is designed as a low-temperature circuit. It will therefore distinguish between the so-called direct and indirect intercooling.

Exceeding component-specific limit temperatures at high loads is prevented today by an enrichment of the fuel-air mixture. Due to the lack of oxygen, the additionally injected fuel for cooling purposes leads to increased pollutant emissions, which are to be regarded as critical in particular by future exhaust gas legislation, in particular with regard to real-driving emissions. One alternative known today is the use of higher-grade materials and / or the use of optimized cooling devices on the hot side of the internal combustion engine, for example, a cooled exhaust manifold and / or a cooled exhaust gas turbocharger turbine housing and / or other measures are used.

Another, very effective way to cool the combustion air and to lower the process temperature is the injection of said cooling medium in the compressed combustion air. By this, basically already known measure of the combustion air heat is removed by the high specific heat capacity and evaporation of the cooling medium. In addition to reducing the risk of knocking combustion can also respond to any Vorentflammungen or be prevented, as for example in the DE 10 2012 207 904 A1 describe is. According to the current state of the art and taking into account the cited publication, suitable as a cooling medium in particular water or a mixture comprising at least water, which is also referred to as water.

Great challenges in using water as the cooling medium are the risk of freezing of the cooling medium, the frost resistance of the system and the frost resistance of all system components. Thus, freezing of components that are not necessarily designed accordingly can lead to damage and, as a consequence, failure of the entire system Lead system for introducing the cooling medium in the combustion air.

When solidified cooling medium this is to liquefy before possible use, which is usually associated with a corresponding energy expenditure. Since water has a very high specific heat capacity and in particular requires a considerable input of energy in order to liquefy solidified or frozen water, in particular with regard to latent heat, a large amount of heat must be provided by a possible heating device. With the desire to carry out the liquefaction in a correspondingly short time, the demand for heating cable increases. In current, produced in mass production and trained as gasoline engines, for example, internal combustion engines is currently used for water injection. A use of such systems, however, is expected in the near future, since small series are already being offered with corresponding series. First dates for the introduction of a water injection in mass production passenger cars have already been announced.

An effective measure to protect the system from damage as a result of freezing of the cooling medium is the use of a corresponding emulsion, as practiced for example in the field of windscreen cleaning system. The emulsion is designed so that it only solidifies at significantly lower temperatures than 0 degrees Celsius. In other words, the cooling medium is preferably an emulsion whose freezing point is significantly less than 0 degrees Celsius. In the SCR technology of a motor vehicle with diesel engine drive, for example, an emulsion is used, which only solidifies at temperatures of less than -11 degrees Celsius. To protect all components against frost damage at lower temperatures, the emulsion is fed back through a backward-conveying conveyor unit in the tank, which is designed frost-proof. Furthermore, the frost-proof design of the tank for storing the cooling medium is to be regarded as known.

• - elektrische Heizung: der Tank beziehungsweise das Reservoir und gegebenenfalls weitere Komponenten des Einspritzsystems zum Einbringen des Kühlmediums in die Verbrennungsluft werden mit Heizmatten und/oder anderen Heizelementen bestückt und ummantelt, um elektrische Energie in Wärme umzuwandeln und diese dem erstarrten Kühlmedium zuzuführen. Nachteilig ist diesbezüglich zu erwähnen, dass die benötigte Heizleistung im Falle eines erstarrten Kühlmediums sehr hoch ist und insbesondere mehrere Kilowatt betragen kann, sodass zum einen der Kraftstoffverbrauch enorm ansteigt und zum anderen die elektrischen Leitungen eines großen Mindestquerschnitts bedürfen, was zu hohem Gewicht und hohen Kosten führen kann
• - Beheizung mittels Motorkühlwasser: der Tank sowie gegebenenfalls weitere Komponenten werden in entsprechenden Leitungen von Motorkühlwasser um- und/oder durchströmt. Dadurch gibt das Motorkühlwasser an das erstarrte Kühlmedium ab. Nachteilig ist diesbezüglich zu erwähnen, dass insbesondere beim Fahrzeugstart keine und im weiteren Verlauf nur wenig Wärme über das Motorkühlwasser bereitgestellt und dem Kühlmedium zugeführt werden kann. Zum einen ist das Kühlwasserthermostat während des Warmlaufs des Motors aus Emissions- und Verschleißgründen geschlossen, zum anderen hat nach Öffnung des Kühlwasserthermostats die Beheizung des Fahrgastraums aus Komfortgründen Vorrang. Erst nach entsprechender Fahrzeit von beispielsweise je nach Umgebungsbedingungen 15 Minuten und mehr steht ein Mindestmaß an Wärmeenergie zur Verfügung. Zur Integration eines solchen Systems bedarf es weiterer Schaltventile, damit eine Überhitzung des Kühlmediums verhindert werden kann, insbesondere nach entsprechender Aufheizungsphase hat das Motorkühlwasser eine Temperatur von circa 90 Grad Celsius.

The solidification of the cooling medium can be delayed by the use of insulating material - in particular on a tank of the reservoir and / or other components - with the cooling medium in the tank can be accommodated. Depending on the design and the prevailing ambient conditions, this does not lead to the particular complete solidification of the cooling medium as a function of time. For the supply of heat with solidified cooling medium, in particular for travel, for liquefaction of the cooling medium are basically two different measures conceivable:

• - Electric heating: the tank or the reservoir and optionally other components of the injection system for introducing the cooling medium in the combustion air are equipped with heating mats and / or other heating elements and sheathed to convert electrical energy into heat and supply them to the solidified cooling medium. The disadvantage in this respect to mention that the required heating power in the case of a solidified cooling medium is very high and may in particular amount to several kilowatts, so on the one hand, the fuel consumption increases enormously and on the other require the electrical wiring of a large minimum cross-section, resulting in high weight and high costs can lead
• - Heating by means of engine cooling water: the tank and possibly other components are circulated in corresponding lines of engine cooling water and / or flows through. As a result, the engine cooling water releases to the solidified cooling medium. The disadvantage in this respect to mention that especially at vehicle start no and in the course of little heat over the engine cooling water can be provided and fed to the cooling medium. On the one hand, the cooling water thermostat is closed during warming up of the engine for emission and wear reasons, on the other hand, after opening the cooling water thermostat, the heating of the passenger compartment for reasons of comfort priority. Only after appropriate travel time of, for example, depending on the ambient conditions 15 minutes and more is a minimum amount of heat energy available. For the integration of such a system, it requires further switching valves, so that overheating of the cooling medium can be prevented, especially after appropriate heating phase, the engine cooling water has a temperature of about 90 degrees Celsius.

Thus, it has been found to be particularly advantageous if the temperature control medium is a different medium, in particular liquid, from the cooling medium, from the fuel for operating the internal combustion engine and from the said engine cooling water, additionally provided for this purpose. The engine cooling water is a particularly liquid coolant for cooling the internal combustion engine, in particular a motor housing of the internal combustion engine forming the combustion chamber.

In the case of the internal combustion engine according to the invention, a system or a metering device for introducing, in particular injecting, the cooling medium into the combustion air can be integrated particularly advantageously. Focus of the invention is the use of synergy effects in the integration of the metering device to ensure the availability of the liquid cooling medium at low ambient temperatures without adversely affecting other components or components of the overall system.

The idea underlying the invention is to use in the compressed and thus heated combustion air containing heat, which is conventionally lost unused, to heat the temperature control medium and subsequently the cooling medium, so that solidification or freezing of the cooling medium prevents or Cooling medium can be liquefied again. Since this already existing heat is used, a particularly efficient and thus low energy consumption operation of the internal combustion engine can be ensured.

In a refinement of the internal combustion engine according to the invention, a bypass line and a valve device are provided upstream of the heat exchanger in the temperature control circuit, so that the heat exchanger can be bypassed.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the drawing. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the figure description and / or alone in the single figure can be used not only in the respectively indicated combination but also in other combinations or alone, without the frame to leave the invention.

The drawing shows in the single FIGURE is a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine according to the invention.

The single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a whole 10 designated internal combustion engine, which is for example component of a motor vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle such as a passenger car, is. In this case, the motor vehicle by means of the internal combustion engine 10 drivable. The internal combustion engine 10 For example, includes a motor housing designed as a cylinder housing 12 through which a plurality of combustion chambers in the form of cylinders 14 is formed. The respective cylinder 14 is with combustion air and a particular liquid fuel for operating the internal combustion engine 10 supplied, wherein the fuel may be a liquid fuel such as a gasoline or a diesel fuel. The combustion air, which is simply referred to as air, and the fuel are in the respective cylinder 14 introduced and form in the cylinders 14 a respective fuel-air mixture, which is ignited, for example, and thereby burned. This results in exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 10 , The with the fuel in each cylinder 14 the respective fuel-air mixture forming combustion air is referred to as combustion air, since it is burned with the fuel.

The internal combustion engine 10 includes an intake tract 16 , which is at least permeable by the combustion air. The internal combustion engine 10 sucks the combustion air over the intake tract 16 For example, from the environment, the combustion air by means of the intake 16 to the and in particular to the cylinders 14 is directed. The internal combustion engine 10 further comprises an exhaust tract through which the exhaust gas can flow 18 , by means of which the exhaust gas from the cylinders 14 is dissipated.

The internal combustion engine 10 also includes an injection system 20 , by means of which the fuel in the cylinder 14 einbringbar, in particular directly injectable, is. Thus, the internal combustion engine 10 For example, as a direct-injection internal combustion engine, in particular as a direct injection gasoline engine formed. The respective cylinder 14 is at least one injector 22 associated with the respective injector 22 Part of the injection system 20 is. By means of the respective injector 22 At least the fuel can be injected directly into the respective assigned cylinder 14 be injected. This includes the injection system 20 a the injectors 22 common fuel distribution element 24 , which is also referred to as a rail or fuel rail.

The internal combustion engine 10 further includes a whole with 26 designated metering device, which is also referred to as a system, injection system or metering device. By means of the metering device 26 is one of the fuel for operating the internal combustion engine 10 different and preferably liquid cooling medium 46 for cooling the combustion air in this Einbringbar, in particular injection. For this purpose, the metering device comprises 26 for example, the injectors 22 by means of which, for example, both the fuel and the cooling medium 46 into the combustion air einbringbar, in particular in the respective cylinder 14 can be injected directly. Thus, for example, the injectors 22 be used as Einbringelemente by means of which the cooling medium 46 can be introduced into the combustion air. For example, by means of the respective injector 22 a mixture or an emulsion of the fuel and the cooling medium 46 bildbar, and introduced into the combustion air, in particular in the respective associated cylinder 14 directly injectable. For this purpose, the metering device comprises 26 , which is also referred to as injection system, for example, an optional metering valve 28 , by means of which the cooling medium 46 can be added to the fuel. This results in a mixture or the aforementioned emulsion of the fuel and the cooling medium 46 , wherein this mixture or this emulsion by means of the respective injector 22 can be introduced into the combustion air. Therefore, the respective injector functions 22 for example, as a so-called Gemischbildner.

Alternatively or additionally, the metering device comprises 26 from the injectors 22 different, in addition to the injectors 22 provided Einbringelemente 30 , which are also referred to as Gemischbildner. In particular, for each cylinder 14 an insertion element 30 intended. By means of the respective insertion element 30 is the cooling medium 46 into the combustion air einbringbar, in particular injectable. In particular, it can be provided that the cooling medium 46 by means of the respective insertion element 30 directly into the respective cylinder 14 einspritzbar or at one in the flow direction of the air upstream of the respective cylinder 14 arranged location, in particular of the intake 16 in which combustion air can be introduced, in particular injectable, is. The cooling medium 46 is preferably formed as a cooling fluid, in particular as a cooling liquid, and comprises at least water. Further, the cooling medium may include, for example, at least one different from the water additive. In particular, it is conceivable that the cooling medium has at least one alcohol.

The internal combustion engine 10 is also as a supercharged internal combustion engine educated. For this purpose, the internal combustion engine, also referred to as engine or internal combustion engine, is included 10 at least one exhaust gas turbocharger 32 which is at least one in the intake tract 16 arranged compressor 34 having. By means of the compressor 34 becomes the intake tract 16 flowing through and the cylinders 14 compressed combustion air to be supplied. This includes the compressor 34 a compressor wheel 36 for compressing the combustion air. Supplying the cylinders 14 with the compressed combustion air is also referred to as charging or charging, wherein the compressed air is also referred to as charge air.

The turbocharger 32 further includes one in the exhaust tract 18 arranged and driven by the exhaust turbine 38 , which is a turbine wheel drivable by the exhaust gas 40 having. The turbocharger 32 further includes a shaft 42 with which both the turbine wheel 40 as well as the compressor wheel 36 are rotatably connected. This is the compressor wheel 36 over the wave 42 from the turbine wheel 40 drivable, whereby the combustion air by means of the compressor wheel 36 is compressed. Because the turbine wheel 40 is driven by the exhaust gas, energy contained in the exhaust gas can be used to compress the air. This allows the fuel consumption and thus in particular the CO ₂ emissions of the internal combustion engine 10 be kept particularly low.

The internal combustion engine 10 further comprises at least one, for example, formed as a tank reservoir 44 for recording and thus for at least temporarily storing the cooling medium 46 , The reservoir 44 is over at least one line 48 fluidic with the metering device 26 connected, so that in the reservoir 44 recorded cooling medium 46 over the line 48 to the metering device 26 and thus in particular to the introduction elements 30 and / or in particular via the metering valve 28 to the injectors 22 can be performed. In this case, for example, the Einbringelementen 30 a the Einbringelementen 30 common distribution element 31 assigned, which is also referred to as a rail. For example, the cooling medium 46 by means of the line 48 to that and in particular to the distribution element 31 be initiated, so that in the distribution element 31 introduced cooling medium 46 by means of the distribution element 31 on the Einbringelemente 30 distributed or divided. Thus, the Einbringelemente 30 over that the Einbringelementen 30 common distribution element 31 with the cooling medium 46 supplied.

For example, in the line 48 at least one pump 50 assigned, by means of which the cooling medium 46 from the reservoir 44 to the distribution element 31 or to the Einbringelementen 30 can be promoted. For this example, the cooling medium 46 from the reservoir 44 in a first conveying direction by means of the pump 50 through the pipe 48 promoted. The pump 50 For example, is further adapted to the cooling medium 46 through the pipe 48 to promote in a second direction opposite to the first direction, whereby, for example, the cooling medium 46 from the distribution element 31 and of the introduction elements 30 away through the pipe 48 to that and in particular to the reservoir 44 by means of the pump 50 can be promoted. This can be prevented, for example, that an excessive amount of the cooling medium 46 in the pipe 48 and / or in the distribution element 31 and / or in the Einbringelementen 30 freezes.

From the Fig. It can be seen that in the intake 16 also at least one throttle 62 is arranged, by means of which, for example, an amount of the cylinders 14 adjustable combustion air to be supplied and / or by means of which a pressure in the intake tract 16 is adjustable. Further, in the intake tract 16 a charge air cooler 64 arranged, which upstream of the cylinder 14 and downstream of the compressor 34 and in particular upstream of the throttle 62 is arranged. The intercooler 64 is traversed by the compressed and thereby heated combustion air, so that the compressed and thus heated combustion air by means of the intercooler 64 is cooled. Further, in the intake tract 16 an air filter 66 arranged, which upstream of the compressor 34 is arranged. By means of the air filter 66 becomes the intake tract 16 filtered air filtered. In the exhaust tract 18 is downstream of the turbine 38 at least one exhaust aftertreatment device 68 arranged for post-treatment of the exhaust gas.

The internal combustion engine 10 , in particular the motor housing 12 , is for example by one of the cooling medium 46 and to cool different coolant from the fuel, wherein the coolant is formed for example as a cooling fluid, in particular as a cooling liquid and is also referred to as cooling water or engine cooling water. The internal combustion engine 10 , in particular the motor housing 12 and thus for example the cylinders 14 , Can or can be cooled by the coolant such that a heat transfer from the internal combustion engine 10 , in particular of the motor housing 12 , to the coolant takes place. As a result, the internal combustion engine 10 cooled, while the coolant is heated.

Now to a particularly advantageous operation of the internal combustion engine 10 while keeping fuel consumption and thus CO ₂ emissions very low to be able to, includes the internal combustion engine 10 a temperature control circuit 52 , which can be flowed through by a temperature control medium. Preferably, the tempering medium is one of the coolant, the fuel and the cooling medium 46 different, additionally provided medium. Preferably, the temperature control medium is a fluid, in particular a liquid, wherein the temperature control medium preferably comprises at least one alcohol.

From the Fig. It can be seen that both the reservoir 44 as well as the intercooler 64 in the temperature control circuit 52 are arranged. This means that the intercooler 64 and the reservoir 44 can be flowed through by the temperature control. As a result, by means of the tempering medium with heating of the tempering the compressed and thus heated combustion air via the intercooler 64 cooled. In other words, a heat transfer from the compressed and thus heated and the intercooler 64 flowing through the combustion air via the intercooler 64 to the charge air sensor 64 flowing temperature control medium, whereby the charge air cooled and the temperature control medium is heated.

Based on a flow direction of the temperature control 52 flowing through the temperature control medium, for example, the reservoir 44 arranged downstream of the intercooler, so that the temperature control initially through the intercooler 64 flows and is heated by it and then through the reservoir 44 flows. This includes the reservoir 44 For example, at least one of the tempering medium can be flowed through and in the temperature control 52 arranged heat exchanger 54 , about which in the reservoir 44 recorded cooling medium 46 can be heated by the tempering. In other words, the first of the intercooler flowing through and thereby heated tempering flows - after it has flowed through the intercooler and was heated by - through the reservoir 44 , in particular through the heat exchanger 54 , About the heat exchanger 54 can heat transfer from the heated tempering to the cooling medium 46 in the reservoir 44 done, causing the cooling medium 46 in the reservoir 44 heated and the temperature control medium is cooled. This can be done in the reservoir 4 recorded cooling medium 46 be energiegünstig heated so that, for example, a solidification or freezing of the cooling medium 46 can be prevented. Furthermore, for example, the initially frozen cooling medium 46 be thawed again by the heating described and thus liquefied.

In the flow direction of the temperature control 52 flowing tempering medium is downstream of the reservoir 44 , in particular downstream of the heat exchanger 54 , one from the reservoir 44 and thus of the heat exchanger 54 and from the intercooler 64 different, designed as a heat exchanger tempering 56 arranged, by means of which the temperature control tempered, that is cooled and / or can be heated. The tempering element 56 is in particular downstream of the reservoir 44 or the heat exchanger 54 and upstream of the intercooler 64 arranged. For example, the tempering element 56 Air, in particular of ambient air, flow around, so that the tempering 56 flowing tempering by means of the tempering 56 can be cooled so that on the tempering 56 a heat transfer from the tempering 56 flowing through the temperature control to which the tempering 56 flowing air takes place. That the tempering element 56 flowing temperature control can by means of the tempering 56 For example, be heated in such a way that on the tempering 56 a heat transfer from the tempering 56 flowing air to the the tempering 56 flowing tempering takes place. In addition, for example, a particular trained as a tank container 58 provided for receiving the tempering, which is designated in the Fig. 60. Furthermore, in the temperature control circuit 52 a pump 70 arranged, by means of which the temperature control through the temperature control 52 is promoted or can be promoted. The container 58 acts as a reservoir, for example, to compensate for any volume fluctuations of the tempering. In particular, the temperature control circuit comprises 52 cables 72 through which the temperature control medium 60 can flow.

In the temperature control circuit 52 it is preferably a low-temperature circuit. The container acting as a surge tank 58 and the pump acting as a delivery pump 70 are components which are shown by way of example in the figure and in the temperature control circuit 52 can be positioned at any position. The intercooler 64 is presently designed as an air-liquid heat exchanger, since the air is cooled by means of the tempering. The heat exchanger 54 is a cooling medium-cooling medium heat exchanger, as through the heat exchanger 54 a heat exchange between the cooling medium and the temperature control takes place. Furthermore, the tempering element 56 For example, a liquid-air heat exchanger, because of the tempering 56 a heat exchange takes place between the air and, for example, the liquid temperature control medium.

The example formed as a tank reservoir 44 can be anywhere in the Car or motor vehicle to be positioned and is preferably designed so that at low outdoor temperatures, the cooling medium 46 solidified in the tank while the tank takes no damage. The heat exchanger 54 is preferably designed as a heating coil and / or always designed frost-proof. For this purpose, the heat exchanger has 54 for example, the largest possible surface and ideally reaches to the bottom of the reservoir 44 to cool from already liquefied cooling medium 46 to be enclosed, with the aim of making the heat supply as efficient as possible.

Below we have an operation of the feed pump (pump 70 ). The operation of the feed pump is preferably carried out according to different criteria. One of these criteria is, for example, the temperature of the combustion air. If the temperature of the combustion air is sufficiently low, for example, in a suction engine operation, there is no need for heat dissipation, which is why in this state the feed pump the temperature control 60 does not promote. If the temperature of the combustion air, for example, greater than 15 degrees Celsius, the temperature control 60 in or through the temperature control circuit 52 funded by the pump. Other input variables such as the engine load can influence the connection of the feed pump within the first criterion.

A second of the criteria is, for example, a two-stage heat input into the tempering medium 60 with solidified cooling medium 46 , Is the cooling medium 46 largely solidified and whose temperature is lower than the outside temperature, the feed pump is switched on, so that the tempering 60 the cooling medium 46 at a low temperature level, it supplies heat not only from the combustion air, but also from the environment via the tempering element 56 has related.

Thus, for example, acts the tempering 56 as a heating element or as a heat exchanger, via which a heat transfer from the tempering 56 air flowing around the temperature control. This heats the temperature control medium. Accordingly, in this operating state, a two-stage heat supply to the temperature control 60 , as the temperature control medium 60 by means of the intercooler 64 and by means of the tempering element 56 is heated. Furthermore, there is a one-stage heat removal to the cooling medium 46 over the heat exchanger 54 , The temperature control medium 60 leaves, for example, acting as a heat exchanger tempering 56 at least approximately at ambient temperature to in the intercooler 64 after the compressor 34 continues to be heated and gives in the heat exchanger 54 Heat to the largely solidified cooling medium 46 and leaves the heat exchanger 54 below the ambient temperature. The determination of the state of aggregation of the cooling medium 46 can be done or calculated for example by means of a model.

In particular, it is conceivable by means of the intercooler 64 to cause a condensation of water contained in the combustion air and the condensed water, in particular at a downstream of the intercooler 64 arranged spot to catch and the reservoir 44 feed or in the reservoir 44 so that, for example, the condensed water from the combustion air as the cooling medium 46 or can be used as part of the cooling medium.

In a further development of the temperature control circuit 52 the internal combustion engine according to the invention 10 out 1 is a bypass line downstream of the intercooler 64 and upstream of the pump 70 provided by means of which the heat exchanger 54 is bypassable. By an additional upstream of the bypass line in the temperature control circuit 52 provided switching valve or control valve is then selectable depending on the current operating parameters, whether or to what extent the heat exchanger 54 is bypassed. The arrangement according to this embodiment of the invention, the temperature control 60 then, for example, after long-lasting high-load operations of the internal combustion engine 10 starting from the intercooler 64 by means of the pump 70 to tempering 56 be promoted, without sacrificing heat from the heat exchanger 54 to be heated, so that finally the tempering 56 can be relieved, which is particularly advantageous at higher outdoor temperatures of more than about 25 degrees Celsius.

• - Verflüssigung des Kühlmediums 46 ist verbrauchsneutral: Der Bezug der zuzuführenden Wärme an das erstarrte Kühlmedium 46 erfolgt aus der Verbrennungsluft und aus der Umgebung, sodass es weder zu einem Kraftstoffmehrverbrauch oder eine Steigerung der CO₂-Emissionen noch zu einer Minderung des Komforts im Fahrgastraum oder einer Erhöhung des Verschleißes der Brennkraftmaschine kommt.
• - Entlastung Kühlsystem dieses Temperaturkreislaufs: durch die zusätzliche Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Temperiermedium des Niedertemperaturkreislaufs an das Kühlmedium 46 wird unabhängig von dem Aggregatzustand des Kühlmediums 46 - also auch bei hohen Außentemperaturen - das als Wärmetauscher fungierende Temperierelement 56 zur Wärmeabfuhr an die Umgebung entlastet, sodass die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 10 besonders effizient betrieben werden kann.
• - Verbesserung des Verdampfungsprozesses des Kühlmediums 46: durch die erhöhte Temperatur des Kühlmediums 46 wird der Verdampfungsprozess bei Einspritzung in die Verbrennungsluft verbessert, ohne die kühlende Wirkung signifikant zu beeinträchtigen, da die Verdampfungswärme wesentlich größer als die Wärmekapazität ist.
• - Abstellen des Kraftfahrzeugs mit erhöhter Temperatur des Kühlmediums 46: durch die Wärmezufuhr an das Kühlmedium 46 liegt dessen Temperatur nach beenden der Fahrt weit über der Außentemperatur. Bei entsprechender Isolierung des Reservoirs 44 sinkt somit das Risiko eines Erstarrens des Kühlmediums 46 bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen erheblich.
• - keine Biokontamination: durch die regelmäßige Erhitzung des Kühlmediums 46 wird einer Biokontamination vorgebeugt. Damit ist das Risiko für verschmutzende Filter oder ähnliches reduziert. Ein Sieden des Kühlmediums 46 ist aufgrund der begrenzten Maximaltemperatur des Temperiermediums ausgeschlossen.
• - Wärmebezug aus der Umgebung: durch die zuvor beschriebene zweistufige Wärmezufuhr in das Temperiermedium kann Wärme zur Verflüssigung des Kühlmediums 46 aus der Umgebung nahezu verbrauchsneutral bezogen werden.
• - kostengünstige Umsetzung. Keine kostenintensiven Systeme wie beispielsweise elektrische Heizung inklusive elektrischer Leitungen erforderlich. Vergleichsweise geringerer Aufwand bei Integration in bestehende Fahrzeugarchitekturen.
• - kundenfreundlich: der Fahrer hat bei Verwendung der Dosiereinrichtung 26 weder einen Mehrverbrauch zu tragen noch Komforteinbußen oder Nachteile durch eine Beimischung von weiteren Medien als Frostschutz in Kauf zu nehmen.

Overall, it can be seen that in the integration of the metering device 26 in the vehicle synergy effects can be used to an availability of a sufficient amount of liquid cooling medium 46 to ensure, especially at low outdoor temperatures, without adversely affecting other components or components of the overall system. The main advantages of the internal combustion engine 10 are:

• - Liquefaction of the cooling medium 46 is consumption-neutral: The reference of the heat to be supplied to the solidified cooling medium 46 takes place from the combustion air and from the environment, so that it does not lead to an increase in fuel consumption or an increase in CO ₂ emissions nor to a reduction in comfort in the passenger compartment or an increase in the wear of the internal combustion engine.
• - Relief of the cooling system of this temperature circuit: through the additional heat dissipation from the temperature control medium of the low-temperature circuit to the cooling medium 46 is independent of the state of aggregation of the cooling medium 46 - So even at high ambient temperatures - acting as a heat exchanger tempering 56 relieved the heat dissipation to the environment, so that the internal combustion engine 10 can be operated particularly efficiently.
• - Improvement of the evaporation process of the cooling medium 46 : due to the increased temperature of the cooling medium 46 the evaporation process is improved when injected into the combustion air, without significantly affecting the cooling effect, since the heat of vaporization is much greater than the heat capacity.
• - Shutdown of the motor vehicle with increased temperature of the cooling medium 46 : by the heat supply to the cooling medium 46 its temperature is far above the outside temperature after the end of the drive. With appropriate isolation of the reservoir 44 thus reduces the risk of solidification of the cooling medium 46 at low outside temperatures considerably.
• - no biocontamination: due to the regular heating of the cooling medium 46 Prevent biocontamination. This reduces the risk of polluting filters or the like. A boiling of the cooling medium 46 is excluded due to the limited maximum temperature of the tempering.
• - Heat from the environment: through the two-stage heat in the temperature control medium described above, heat for liquefaction of the cooling medium 46 be sourced from the environment almost consumption-neutral.
• - cost-effective implementation. No costly systems such as electrical heating including electrical wiring required. Comparatively lower effort for integration into existing vehicle architectures.
• - Customer friendly: the driver has when using the metering device 26 neither to carry an extra consumption nor to accept loss of comfort or disadvantages due to an admixture of other media as antifreeze.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Internal combustion engine

12

motor housing

14

cylinder

16

intake system

18

exhaust tract

20

injection

22

injector

24

Fuel distribution element

26

metering

28

metering valve

30

injection member

31

distribution element

32

turbocharger

34

compressor

36

compressor

38

turbine

40

turbine

42

wave

44

reservoir

46

cooling medium

48

management

50

pump

52

temperature control

54

heat exchangers

56

tempering

58

container

60

tempering

62

throttle

64

Intercooler

66

air filter

68

exhaust treatment device

70

pump

72

management

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102015008668 A1 [0002]
• DE 102012207904 A1 [0012]

Claims (5)

Internal combustion engine (10), having at least one combustion chamber (14), which can be supplied with a fuel for operating the internal combustion engine and with combustion air, with at least one introduction element (22, 30), by means of which a different cooling medium (46) for cooling the combustion air can be introduced into this, with at least one reservoir (44) for receiving the cooling medium (46), with at least one of the combustion air permeable intake tract (16), with at least one in the intake tract (16) arranged compressor (34) in which the combustion air to be supplied to the intake tract (16) and to the combustion chamber (14) is to be compressed, and to a charge air cooler (64) arranged downstream of the compressor (34) in the intake tract (16) for cooling the compressed combustion air, characterized in that the charge air cooler (64) and the reservoir (44) are arranged in a temperature control circuit (52), we By one of the cooling medium (46) different temperature control medium (60) can be flowed through, by means of which to cool the compressed combustion air via the charge air cooler (64) while heating the tempering medium (60) and the cooling medium (46) while cooling the heated tempering medium (60) ) is heatable in the reservoir (44). Internal combustion engine (10) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the temperature control medium (60) is formed as a liquid. Internal combustion engine (10) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the tempering medium (60) comprises at least one alcohol. Internal combustion engine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reservoir (44) comprises a heat exchanger (54) through which the temperature control medium (60) flows, via which the cooling medium (46) in the reservoir (44) by means of the temperature control medium ( 60) is heated. Internal combustion engine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the temperature control circuit (52) of the charge air cooler (64) and of the reservoir (44) different, can be flowed around by air and designed as a heat exchanger Temperierelement (56) is arranged, via which the temperature control medium (60) is to be tempered by means of the air flowing around the temperature control element (56).

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