DE102017005155A1 - Processing of oily seeds, in particular rapeseed - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of processing seeds (A.3) from oilseed crops (A.1) such as mustard, cranbe or rapeseed is carried out so that the seeds (A.3) are in preparation or as part of a peeling process for separating cores (K) on the one hand and shells (S) on the other hand in a still uneaten condition a conditioning process for influencing mechanical properties of the seeds (A.3) are subjected.

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing oil-containing seeds, in particular rapeseed, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 19, a test method according to the preamble of claim 21 and conditioned rapeseed grains according to the preamble of claim 24 or claim 25. As part of or subsequent to this process, the seeds may be shelled to be separated into kernels (parenchyma and radicle) on the one hand, and shell parts on the other.

It is known to use oily seeds by pressing to obtain oil and / or to obtain a press cake for the nutrition of animals or humans. From the DE 199 37 081 C1 It is also known, for example, to peel rapeseed grains before they are pressed and to separate the core and shell parts from one another.

As a result, the quality of the oil derived from the core portions is improved by the removal of antrinutive ingredients of the shells. Likewise, the quality of a possibly obtained from the core portions rapeseed cake due to the separation of crude fiber is improved.

The peeling, however, is made more difficult by the fact that the core and shell strongly adhere to each other. A controlled cracking of the shell without damaging the core is thus hardly possible. It also shows that the seed to be peeled are different in size, so that peeling gaps must be set very tight to peel even smaller grains. However, larger grains are destroyed so far that their cores are crushed into small components and are no longer effectively auspreßbar subsequently. In addition, a great deal of effort is required for the peeling.

The invention is based on the problem of achieving an improvement in the peeling of oily seeds.

The invention solves this problem by a method having the features of claim 1, by a device having the features of claim 19, a test method having the features of claim 21 and a mechanically controlled rapeseed having the features of claim 24 or claim 25. With regard to Further embodiments and features of the invention, reference is made to the dependent claims 2 to 18, 20 and 22 to 23.

By the method according to claim 1, a possibility is created for the first time to mechanically condition oil-containing seeds such as mustard, cranbe or rapeseed in preparation for a peeling process for separating cores on the one hand and trays on the other hand in order to optimize their mechanical properties for peeling. This conditioning takes place in the still ungeschälten state of the seeds, so that in the peeling, the splitting of the tendentially embrittled by the conditioning bowl and their separation from the core is facilitated.

In particular, the conditioning process involves a drying process which causes nuclei to shrink from surrounding shells. As a result, the binding of core and shell is reduced to each other, also a gap is formed therebetween. Both make it easier to open the shell without damaging the core.

Very advantageously, the drying process is carried out during its entire course at a temperature of below 50 ° C, so that a denaturation of the proteins is avoided and also in the further process, a high quality, not denatured product can be provided.

In order to achieve this, the drying process is carried out particularly favorably during its entire course at a temperature of below 45 ° C.

If the drying process is carried out over a period of 12 to 16 hours, on the one hand, sufficient water can diffuse out of the core, in particular, colloidally bound water can be passed to the outside in order to achieve the desired shrinkage of the core. On the other hand, drying time is thus sufficiently short to prevent absorption of water in the shell. The shells thereby retain their brittle, brittle behavior, which promotes the breaking of the shell in the peeling.

If the drying process reduces the water content in the respective seeds to less than 5% absolute, a large part of the water bound in the core between the cells (colloidally) can escape to favor the shrinkage of the core.

For this purpose, it is also helpful if the drying process reduces the water content in the respective seed grains by at least 40% compared to the initial value.

During the drying process in particular hydrocolloid bound water diffuses out of the cores to the desired Shrinkage of the cores to reach the outer shells.

Further, the conditioning method may comprise a step of adjusting the brittleness of the shells, in particular a step of inhibiting absorption of moisture by the shells so as to preserve the brittleness of the shells, even if a temporal buffer is provided which is suitable metered feeding of seeds in subsequent production steps allows.

In particular, the process step is downstream of the drying process and stores the seeds between several hours in order to ensure the said buffer. In this process step, the seeds can be stored for at least 20 hours. This can be ensured from this cache a continuous feed of further production.

If the seed grains are subjected to a negative pressure in said, intermediate storage second stage of the process, the removal of water to avoid absorption in the shell is favored. In particular, in the second process stage, the drying state of the seeds is maintained at the level achieved in the drying process.

In order to ensure the said positive buffer effect, the drying process may contain 50% to 150% of an amount of seed which is fed to a subsequent peeling within one daily production.

For high efficiency even in industrial applications, the process can be operated continuously or quasi-continuously.

For an optimized use of the seeds, not only the core portions separated by the peeling are subjected to one or more pressings for oil production, but there remains a solid and oil-containing presscake, which can also be used as a base or filler for foodstuffs. Since only core portions of the rapeseed grains without the addition of shell portions fed to the further grinding process and subsequently used as Lebensmittelgrund- or -füllstoff, it is ensured that the resulting material retains the bright color of the cores, without being affected by shell parts in its aesthetic effect. Antinutrive components contained in the shell, such as waxes or polyphenols, are thus kept away from the food produced.

A method of the type mentioned is particularly advantageous for rape seeds applicable.

The apparatus of claim 19 provides a continuous or quasi-continuous operation device which mechanically conditions oily seeds such as mustard, cranbe or rapeseed to prepare a peeling process for separating cores on the one hand and trays on the other hand to provide their mechanical properties for peeling which subsequently caches the thus conditioned seeds and which can then be used to peel the thus conditioned seeds in a suitable amount.

For industrially suitable processing 50% to 70% and in the buffer storage 50% to 150% of a quantity of seeds are held in particular in the drying device, which can be fed within a daily production of a subsequent peeling.

Furthermore, a test method for determining mechanical properties of conditioned, unpeeled seeds, in particular rape, cranbe or mustard, is provided for the first time, in which a deforming pressure load is introduced into at least one seed to be tested and its force reaction is determined thereon. This allows a single test of seeds for their optimization for peeling.

For the pressure load in this test method, a linear testing machine is particularly favorable, which exposes the at least one seed to be tested to a pressure load between an upper and a lower pressure plate, between which the at least one seed can be clamped. The force reaction gives a measure of the stability or resistance of the shell to its breaking up.

Finally, as a concrete optimized rapeseed a mechanically conditioned, unpeeled rapeseed with a shell and a core portion claimed in the case of a pressure load of the rapeseed after a deformation between 13% and 23% compared to its original diameter breaks the shell. This results in a grain optimized for peeling.

Likewise, a mechanically conditioned, unpeeled rapeseed with a shell and a core portion is claimed in which at a pressure load of the rapeseed after a deformation between 13% and 23% compared to its original diameter, the counterforce of the rapeseed from 12 to 17 Newtons to a value of 4 till 8 Newton drops, which is a definite sign of breaking the shell.

In any case, the invention achieves an optimization of the use of rape seeds for producing high-quality products:

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the drawing illustrated and described below embodiments of the subject invention.

• 1 einen grobschematischen Ablaufplan eines Verfahrens zur Bearbeitung von ölhaltigen Saaten,
• 2 eine schematische perspektivische und in der Mittelebene geschnittene Darstellung eines noch ungeschälten Saatkorns,
• 3 eine ähnliche Darstellung wie 2, jedoch während des druckinduzierten Aufbrechens der äußeren Schale,
• 4 eine explosionsartige Darstellung von Schale und Einzelteilen des Kerns des Saatkorns,
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines noch ungeschälten Raspkorns vor (links) und nach (rechts) der Durchführung der mechanischen Konditionierung,
• 6 eine Übersichtsdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
• 7 ein mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Testverfahren gewonnene Kurve der Kraftreaktion eines konditionierten Rapskorns in Reaktion auf seine Deformation, sowie in den unteren Abbildungen eine Zuordnung des mechanischen Zustands des jeweiligen Rapskorns zu den wesentlichen Punkten der Kurve,
• 8 eine Darstellung von mehreren Kurven wie in 7, jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Feuchtigkeitsgehalten des gemessenen Saatkorns.

In the drawing shows:

• 1 a rough schematic flow chart of a process for processing oil-bearing crops,
• 2 a schematic perspective and cut in the median plane representation of a still unpeeled seed,
• 3 a similar representation as 2 but during the pressure-induced rupture of the outer shell,
• 4 an exploded view of the shell and individual parts of the core of the seed,
• 5 a schematic representation of a still unpeeled rasp grain before (left) and after (right) the implementation of the mechanical conditioning,
• 6 an overview of a device according to the invention,
• 7 a curve obtained by means of a test method according to the invention of the force reaction of a conditioned rapeseed grain in reaction to its deformation, and in the lower figures an assignment of the mechanical state of the respective rapeseed grain to the essential points of the curve,
• 8th a representation of several curves as in 7 but with different moisture contents of the measured seed.

According to the in 1 The flowchart shown is a method for processing oil-bearing crops A.1 exemplified by rapeseeds. Other oleaginous seeds can also be processed in this way, for example cranbe or mustard seeds.

According to the drawing, those in a storage silo 1 kept and still unsorted rapeseeds - also as rapeseed A.1 designated - initially in a preparation 2 sorted and cleaned so that the further to be processed rapeseeds A.3 have a largely equal or at least nearly the same size. The stock removed from the rapeseed A.2 will be in an intermediate silo 6 transferred.

For rape seed remaining in the process A.3 on the other hand, the transfer into a two-stage (also one stage may be sufficient) device follows 3 in which a drying and possibly a buffering is performed. Subsequently, then in the device mechanically conditioned rapeseed A.5 a peeling device 4 fed in the shells S broken up and from the cores K be separated.

The rapeseed - or other oily seeds such as mustard or cranbe - be in the device 3 while preparing for the peeling process preparatory to their mechanical properties for the separation of cores K on the one hand and bowls S on the other hand to optimize. That is, in the still ungeschälten state, the seeds A.3 subjected to at least one conditioning method for dehumidifying and influencing mechanical properties.

The device 3 comprises in a first stage a drying or dehumidifying device 3-1 and in a second stage a buffer memory 3-2 into the drying device 3-1 dried seeds A.4 be introduced.

The conditioning method thus comprises a drying process in which via a heater H thermal energy in the dehumidifier 3-1 is introduced to allow water from the seeds introduced there 3.1 to withdraw. This will cause a shrinkage of cores K opposite the shells surrounding them S causes. The dried seeds A.4 then get into the buffer and ripening container 3-2 where they are kept as needed for further production, without the absorption of moisture taking place.

In the 2 to 4 the structure of a seed is shown in detail in geometric simplification. As in 2 can be seen, includes the outer seed coat, so the shell S , the two outer cotyledon halves K1 and K2 , the two inner cotyledon halves K3 and K4 as well as the radicle K5 ,

The fluid binding in the oilseed and, as a consequence, the mechanical behavior of the oilseed at a precisely defined compressive stress ( 3 ) is influenced by the binding-relevant structural elements and binding mechanisms. In particular, here is the difference of the binding mechanisms of the shell S and the core K for the dehumidification task.

The in the device 3 The purpose of conditioning is to cause the seed to undergo mechanical stress in a subsequent peeling step, for example, when the mean seed diameter is reduced uniaxially between two rigid walls at the predestined break points B , as in 4 represented, disintegrates. Ideally, the seed will be in the outer cotyledon halves K1 and K2 , the inner cotyledon halves K3 and K4 as well as the radicle K5 and the seed coat disintegrating into several parts S disassembled.

In particular, the drying process in the device 3 during its entire course at a temperature of less than 50 ° C, better still at a temperature of less than 45 ° C. Although higher temperatures caused the outward diffusion of water from the core K , in particular colloidally bound water, accelerate, but then it would lead to the denaturation of proteins, which would limit the usability of a later resulting press cake. In addition, it is important during drying that the shell S does not absorb additional water from the core, but dissipates it to the outside. This occurs during drying, as in 5 indicated in the transition from left to right, two major effects: on the one hand changes the shell S her behavior of elastic (left in 5 ) to plastic-brittle (by the symbol in the upper right in 5 indicated). On the other hand forms during the drying by the shrinkage of the core K a solution of the core K from the shell S , where the gap sp increased.

These two effects become particularly visible when the drying process in the device 3 relatively slowly over a period of 12 to 16 hours.

The drying process reduces the water content in the respective seeds to less than 5%. At the same time, drying reduces the water content in the respective seeds by at least 40%.

The conditioning process involves remaining in the buffer and ripening container 3-2 a process step for adjusting the brittleness of the shells S , In this process step, which is subordinate to the drying process, is a resorption of moisture through the shells S inhibited.

In this process step, the pre-dried seeds A.4 stored for several hours, in particular over a period of at least 20 hours. An optimized residence time in the buffer and maturation container 3-2 is 24 to 48 hours.

The seeds can A.4 be exposed to a vacuum to avoid absorption of liquid.

In the second process stage, in particular, the drying state of the seed grains is maintained at the level achieved in the drying process.

In particular, the buffering effect is achieved by maintaining in the drying process 50% to 150% of an amount of seed which is fed to a subsequent peeling within one daily production. This makes it possible to buffer irregularities in the peeling and further processing.

In particular, the process according to the invention can be operated continuously or quasi-continuously.

The peeling step following the drying 4 The mixture of core and shell fractions obtained is then subjected to a classification and sorting step 5 separated into the two fractions. The shell fraction A.6 gets into the intermediate silo 6 transferred. The nuclear fraction, however, is in a conditioning stage 7 prepared for the subsequent pressing stages. In a first pressing stage 8th becomes a seed oil B.2 obtained from first quality and in a tank 9 stored. The press cake becomes a second pressing step 10 fed in which a seed oil B.3 second quality is won. This will be in a tank 11 initiated. The press cake from the second pressing stage 10 can then be followed by a post-conditioning 12 fed and then as a final product C.1 in a silo 13 be stored.

The entire procedure can be carried out at room temperature without denaturation of proteins.

The device 3 that was drawn out in 6 is used for processing unpeeled seed from oily seeds such as mustard, cranbe or rapeseed, wherein the device is a drying device 3-1 for respective seeds, a downstream buffer or maturing memory 3-2 for conditioning of seeds A.3 as preparation for peeling to separate nuclei K on the one hand and bowls S on the other hand. The device 3 Used for controlled dehydration of the seeds A.3 and related shrinkage of the cores K opposite the bowls S , In the initial state is the distance sp between the shell inside and the core surface so small that both parts stick together over a thin skin, so that a controlled separation in this state is difficult or hardly possible.

Will be in the drying facility 3-1 at sufficient temperature and residence time (see above) by controlled dehydration a shrinkage of both elements K . S initiated, the much larger volume reduction at the core K First, the core contracts internally, second, it has the larger initial mass compared to the shell S on. The stable construction of a hollow shell prevents due to their statics a similar strong shrinkage of the shell S like that of the core K , The drying device 3-1 according to 6 can one or more over heating (s) H tempered receptacle with corresponding conveyor and / or lock devices F1 . F2 for feeding in and out of the seed to be dried A.3 or the dried seed A.4 contain. For example, such receptacles may be formed as stainless steel silos. You can record a total of approximately 50 to 70% of the daily capacity of a subsequent peeling facility optimized for a continuous process.

Another aspect of the stronger shrinkage of the core K opposite the shell S is due to the fact that the moisture from the interior of the core K over the shell S must escape to the outside. Thus, the shell S inevitably the element that begins to dehumidify last. Because the described way of dehumidification from the core K over the shell S Diffusion processes take place and the native properties of the ingredients should be preserved, this process must be carried out at low temperatures over a longer period of time. Optimal is therefore in the drying device 3-1 a lingering of the rapeseed A.3 provided with a starting water content of about 8 to 9% to a peel moisture of 4 to 5% from 12 to 16 hours at a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C.

This approach is linked to another main objective of the process: to set the optimum mechanical behavior of the shell S and core K , With a starting water content of 8 to 9%, the shell has shell S under mechanical stress (rheological behavior), which is mainly elastic (see also left side of 5 ). This means that under a pressure load the shell S gives way elastically. In connection with the insufficient separation of shell S and core K The result of such pressure loading is a crushed seed that causes both shell deformations S as well as the core K has, so that further processing is very difficult.

By staying in the drying device 3-1 embrittles the shell S increasingly (right side of 5 ). In conjunction with the shrinkage of the core K and the enlargement of the gap sp can the shell S then easily crushed under pressure. A subsequent separation into core and shell elements is then easily possible.

Because the shell S and the core K have different sorption isotherms, both elements also have very different kinetics for dehumidification. This formulates a third approach of the invention: the prevention of rapid absorption of moisture into the shell S from the environment after the previous dehumidification. For this purpose, in particular a deposit 3-2 in the form of a maturity or buffer memory (several memories are possible) serve. In it is the dried seed A.4 initiated. She stays there for at least 24 hours; during this time there is a resorption of moisture in the shell S prevented.

The recording capacity in this memory 3-2 comprises for a continuous process about 50 to 150% of the daily capacity of an underlying peeling device. The supply and removal is via possibly automated working conveyor and lock systems F3 . F4 guaranteed. A vent also provides an atmosphere in the memory 3-2 safe, which ensures that moisture absorption is prevented for at least 24 hours. A corresponding measuring technique for controlling the lock systems and / or in particular the atmosphere in the container 3-2 is ideally provided. Again, one or more round silo (s) can be used.

Furthermore, a test method has been invented, with which the mechanical parameters of the conditioned seeds can be determined. In this case, a linear testing machine with a fixed lower and a movable upper crosshead is used. On the lower crosshead, a plate for receiving a single seed is fixed. The upper crosshead is equipped with a die whose diameter is at least twenty times the diameter of a seed to be tested. In this way, mechanical properties of conditioned (also unconditioned compared to), unpeeled seeds, in particular rape, cranbe or mustard, be determined via a deforming pressure load between the pressure plates of the trusses. The surfaces of the printing plates are aligned parallel to each other.

In this case, a linear compressive force is introduced into the here exactly one seed to be tested and its force reaction determined thereon.

The upper traverse can travel at a speed between 0.01 mm to 1 mm per Second to be relocated. The path can be detected with a resolution of 0.01 mm. The force measuring device comprises a measuring range of 0 to 50 Newton at a resolution of 0.1 Newton. The test procedure is electronically recorded and performed on at least 20 previously treated seeds, better 30 or more.

In 8th are curves for seeds with different residual moisture xW shown.

It turns out that at a pressure load of the conditioned rapeseed with a residual moisture content of about 4% to 6% after a deformation between 13% and 23% compared to its original diameter, the shell S breaks up, as evidenced by an almost vertical drop in the force response curve from a first maximum to a first minimum. The shift of this point to an ever lower strain with decreasing residual moisture shows that increasingly embrittlement of the shell S and this changes their fracture behavior towards embrittlement.

A mechanically conditioned, unpeeled rapeseed with a shell S and a core share K , which shows the breakage of the shell between 13% and 23% deformation (ie with a diameter decrease of 13% to 23% compared to the unloaded initial diameter), is therefore additionally claimed and hitherto unknown in the prior art.

Likewise, a mechanically conditioned, unpeeled rapeseed with a shell S and a core share K whose counter force drops from 12 to 17 Newton at a pressure load after a deformation between 13% and 23% compared to its original diameter to a value of 4 to 8 Newton.

This steep and in the amount high drop in the force reaction is an indication of a controlled cracking of the shell S Without damaging the core, so that its possibilities for further processing, in particular for squeezing oil, are unaffected. A common crushing of the shell and core already in a peeling device - with a high oil loss -, as would occur in an unconditioned seed, is avoided here.

The process according to the invention does not have to be used solely for one or more pressings for the production of oil, but also a solid and oil-containing presscake may be desired as an additional or alternative end product.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

A.1

oily seeds,

A.2

stocking,

A.3

dried seeds,

A.4

dried rapeseed,

A.5

conditioned rapeseed,

A.6

Husk fraction,

S

Bowl,

K

Core,

K1, K2

outer cotyledon halves,

K3, K4

inner cotyledon halves,

K5

radicle

sp

Gap between core and shell,

B

Breaking points,

H

Heater,

1

storage silo,

2

Processing,

3

Contraption,

3-1

Drying device,

3-2

Buffer and / or ripening storage,

4

Peeling device,

5

Classifying and sorting stage,

6

intermediate silo,

7

conditioning stage,

8th

first pressing stage,

9

Tank,

10

second pressing stage,

11

Tank,

12

post-conditioning,

13

Silo,

B.2

Seed oil,

B.3

Seed oil,

C.1

final product,

F1

Conveying and / or lock device,

F2

Conveying and / or lock device,

F3

Conveying and / or lock device,

F4

Conveying and / or lock device,

xW

residual moisture

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19937081 C1 [0002]

Claims (25)

Process for the treatment of seeds (A.3) from oilseed crops (A.1) such as mustard, cranbe or rapeseed, characterized in that the seeds (A.3) are prepared or part of a peeling process for separating cores (K ) on the one hand and shells (S) on the other hand are subjected to a conditioning process for influencing the mechanical properties of the seed grains (A.3) while they are still unbroken. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the conditioning method comprises a drying process in which a shrinkage of cores (K) against the surrounding shells (S) is effected. Method according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the drying process is carried out during its entire course at a temperature of less than 50 ° C. Method according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the drying process is carried out during its entire course at a temperature of less than 45 ° C. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 4 , characterized in that the drying process is carried out over a period of 12 to 16 hours. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that the drying process lowers the water content in the respective seeds (A.4) to below 5%. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 6 , characterized in that the drying process reduces the water content in the respective seed grains (A.4) by at least 40% compared to the initial value (A.3). Method according to one of Claims 2 to 7 , characterized in that hydrocolloidally bound water diffuses out of the cores (K) during the drying process. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8th Characterized in that the conditioning process comprises a second stage for setting the brittleness of the shells (S). Method according to Claim 9 , characterized in that in the second process stage a resorption of moisture by the shells (S) is inhibited. Method according to one of Claims 9 or 10 , characterized in that the second process stage is arranged downstream of the drying process. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 11 , characterized in that in the second process stage, the seeds (A.4) are stored for several hours. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 12 , characterized in that in the second process stage, the seeds (A.4) are stored for at least 20 hours. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 13 , characterized in that in the second process stage, the seeds (A.4) are exposed to a negative pressure. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 14 , characterized in that in the second process stage, the drying state of the seeds (A.4) is maintained at the level achieved in the drying process. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 15 , characterized in that in the drying process 50% to 150% of an amount of seeds, which are supplied within a daily production of a subsequent peeling. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 16 , characterized in that the method is operated continuously or quasi-continuously. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 17 , characterized in that the core portions (K1; K2; K3; K4; K5) separated by the peeling are subjected to one or more pressing operations for obtaining oil (B.2; B.3) and a presscake containing solids and oil (C. 1) remains, Apparatus (3) for processing unpeeled seeds (A.3) from oily seeds such as mustard, cranbe or rapeseed, the apparatus comprising a drying device (3-1) for respective seeds, a downstream buffer (3-2) and a thereto downstream peeling device (4) for separating cores (K) on the one hand and shells (S) on the other hand comprises. Device after Claim 19 , characterized in that in the drying device (3) 50% to 70% and in the buffer 50% to 150% of a quantity of seeds is maintained, which can be fed within a daily production of a subsequent peeling device (4). Test method for the determination of mechanical properties of conditioned, unpeeled seeds (A.4, A.5), in particular rapeseed, cranbe or mustard, in which a deforming compressive load is introduced into a seed to be tested (A.4, A.5) and the latter Force reaction is determined thereon. Test method according to Claim 21 , characterized in that the seed to be tested (A.4; A.5) is subjected to a compressive load between an upper and a lower pressure plate, between which the at least one seed grain (A.4; A.5) can be clamped. Test method according to one of Claims 21 or 22 , characterized in that a linear testing machine is used for pressure loading. Mechanically conditioned, unpeeled rapeseed grain (A.3, A.4) with a shell (S) and a core portion (K), characterized in that at a pressure load of the rapeseed grain (A.3, A.4) after a deformation between 13 % and 23% over its original diameter breaks the shell. Mechanically conditioned, unpeeled rapeseed grain (A.3, A.4) with a shell and a core portion, characterized in that at a pressure load of the rapeseed grain (A.3, A.4) after a deformation between 13% and 23% compared to its original diameter, the drag of the rapeseed from 12 to 17 Newton drops to a value of 4 to 8 Newton.

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