DE102017000550A1 - Solar heating for the provision of hot water and heating energy partially integrated in one component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar heater for providing hot water and heating energy for a building. The solar heating system comprises solar collectors (1), temperature probes, solar conveying circuit (2), storage (3), hydraulic modules (4), expansion vessels (5), heating systems (6) which do not use sunlight as energy, control unit (7), component ( 0), radiator (9) and ventilation unit (10). Parts of the solar heating in particular memory (3), expansion vessels (5), at least one of the heating systems (6), radiator (9), control unit (7), hydraulic modules (4) with circulation pumps, valves, return flaps and flow meter, as well as connecting these elements hydraulic and electrical lines are installed in the device (0). This component (0) is equipped with at least one heating element (9) and at least one controllable ventilation unit (10) via which the air in the component (0) can be exchanged with the air outside the component (0). The invention discloses a method for manufacturing and a method for operating a solar heating.

Description

The invention relates to a solar heater, a method for manufacturing and a method for operating a solar heater for providing hot water and heating energy for a building, wherein the solar heater is partially integrated in a component. Said component can, including the integrated parts of the solar heating, be made outside the building to be heated.

Solar heating systems are combinations of solar systems for solar hot water heating and heating support, combined with a heating unit that uses a different energy source than the sunlight. Solar heaters are state of the art. In DE 103 00 427 B4 such a solar heating is disclosed. The energy from the solar collectors is fed into the heating system, either directly or via a combination storage tank. The system is supplemented by a heat pump, so that the heat requirement remains covered even with low solar radiation. In DE 10 2006 023 627 B4 is a solar heater with only a single primary circuit and a heat exchanger in the collector circuit and with only one secondary circuit, which passes the solar energy to a central heating disclosed. In DE 10 2005 008 646 B3 a solar heater with two primary circuits in the collector circuit and with two secondary circuits, which transfers the solar energy to a heater, disclosed.

In addition to the usual heating appliances such as oil or gas boilers and heat pumps, combinations of multiple units and combined heat and power systems combined with solar collectors and solar cells are now available. This results in complicated hydraulic and electronic systems that are expensive and prone to error when installed in the finished building, as can be seen from the disclosures cited above. In particular, they require the knowledge of specialists from different disciplines. The same applies to the resulting repairs.

To eliminate these disadvantages will be in DE 31 47 353 A1 discloses that the entire heating system is installed in a component which can be connected as a finished module to the building to be heated. This device can also be placed outside the building. The fact that all components necessary for the heating system must be integrated into the component, the use of solar panels is excluded because they are necessarily outside of the component. Similar approaches suggest the disclosures DE 195 26 560 C2 and EP 1 429 088 A1 but have the same disadvantages.

While in old buildings with solar heating usually still the majority of the energy supply is still provided by oil or gas boiler, modern new buildings are well insulated and the proportion of solar energy can be higher than that of conventional energy. On the one hand, this is an advantage because CO2 and money are saved in operation. On the other hand, this leads to large collector surfaces to meet the energy needs in winter. The disadvantage of such systems is the excess energy in the summer, which leads to premature wear of components.

Task of the present invention is to provide a solar heater and a method for operating a solar heater, wherein the solar heater is partially integrated into a component, wherein the aforementioned disadvantages can be avoided.

The task is achieved according to the invention as follows:

The solar heater according to the invention comprises at least one solar collector (1), at least two temperature probes, at least one solar conveyor circuit (2) between the collector (1) and a memory (3), the memory (3) itself, at least one hydraulic module (4), at least one Expansion vessel (5), at least one heating system (6) that does not use sunlight as energy, a control unit (7), a component (0), at least one radiator (9) and at least one ventilation unit (10).

A solar collector (1) is understood to mean a solar thermal flat collector, a vacuum tube collector or a hybrid of a thermal and photovoltaic collector. Several solar panels (1) can be hydraulically connected to collector fields. The solar collectors (1) are connected to the reservoir (3) by means of the solar delivery circuit (2), which contains at least one hydraulic module (4).

A store (3) is also understood to mean a heating water store, a service water store or a stratified charge store which contains at least one heat exchanger in the solar circuit, also called solar heat exchanger (3a), and at least one stratified charge device (8). It is advantageous for the invention if the store (3) contains a second heat exchanger (3b) in the process water circuit (3c). Preferably, a further layer loading device (8a) is mounted in the lower area of the store (3).

At least one of the hydraulic modules (4) and at least one of the heating systems (6) are fixedly mounted on the reservoir (3). Preferably communicate all hydraulic modules (4) and heating systems (6) hydraulically with the memory (3). The hydraulic modules (4) contain the necessary circulating pumps, valves, flow meters and return valves.

Heating systems (6) are systems that are suitable for heating water.

Memory (3), expansion vessels (5), at least one of the heating systems (6), radiator (9), control unit (7), hydraulic modules (4) with circulation pumps, valves, return valves and flow meters, and these elements connecting hydraulic and electrical lines installed in the component (0). This component (0) is equipped with at least one controllable ventilation unit (10) via which the air in the component (0) can be exchanged with the air outside the component (0).

The solar panels (1) are mounted outside of the component (0) so that they can use the solar energy. They are hydraulically connected to the memory (3) in the component (0) such that the solar circuit above the solar heat exchanger (3a) and a hydraulic module (4) is closed. The memory (3) has a plurality of connection pieces, preferably 4 to 12 pieces. These are preferably mounted at different heights of the memory. The heating systems (6) and expansion tanks (5) are connected via these nozzles with the memory (3). The heating circuits for the building to be heated are also connected to these nozzles.

Advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the component (0) is made as a weatherproof, closed element and can be placed outdoors or in a room without a ceiling. As a result, the solar heater can be manufactured largely industrially and therefore cost. Furthermore, the solar heater can preferably be placed outside of the building to be heated. The space previously used for heating in the building can be used for other purposes.

It is advantageous that the component (0) is formed from prefabricated elements is preferably made of refractory, thermally insulated walls of aerated concrete, which in winter, the hydraulic system can be protected from frost in the device. The design of the device as part of a garage or prefabricated garage allows a better use of the site.

The store (3) of the present invention may include a heat exchanger (3b) connected to a service water circuit (3c) and thus allowing the production of service water by means of the solar heater according to the invention.

A further advantage is that one of the heating systems (6) of the solar heater can be a heat pump and / or an electric heating element. Parts of the heat pump can also be mounted outside of the component.

It is advantageous that the controllable ventilation unit (10) consists of a passage from the interior of the component (0) to the outside with at least one controllable fan or a controllable flap and / or a slide and / or a rosette.

The solar heater can be equipped inside and outside of the component (0) with at least one temperature probe (11/12), which is connected to the control unit (7). This makes it possible to control the temperature inside the device. This increases the service life of the components in the component.

According to the inventive method for operating a solar heating is, at a temperature in the component (0) below 4 ° C, measured by means of the temperature probe (11), the said component by means of / the radiator (7) kept frost-free by a valve and suitable lines, the heat from the memory (3) in the device (0) is discharged. This ensures that the hydraulics are kept frost-free. If the temperature of the solar panels (1) above 120 ° C, the energy from the solar panels (1) via the memory (3), the radiator (7) is supplied. Through the ventilation unit (10), this energy is dissipated to the outside, so that the collector temperature does not rise above 140 ° C.

According to the inventive method for producing the solar heater, the component (0) is manufactured outside the building to be heated. All in this component (0) integrated parts of the solar heater are securely connected to the device (0). Electrical (13) and hydraulic (14) pipes and connections for connection to the building to be heated are installed in and on the component (0). This ensures that the solar heater can be largely manufactured and tested industrially and can be delivered as a semi-finished module, whereby high installation costs are saved by various specialists on site.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the embodiment illustrated below with reference to the drawings:

• 1 einen Schnitt durch das Bauelement (0) beispielsweise mit Sonnenkollektoren (1) und Wärmepumpe (6a) auf dem Dach des Bauelements. In diesem Beispiel ist das Bauelement derart ausgeführt, daß es außerhalb eines Gebäudes aufgestellt werden kann.
• 2 Einen Schnitt durch den im Beispiel von 1 eingesetzten Speicher (3) beispielsweise ausgestaltet mit zwei Schichtladevorrichtungen (8 und 8a), einem Brauchwasserwärmetauscher (3b) und eingebautem Elektroheizstab (6b).

Hereby show:

• 1 a section through the device (0), for example, with solar panels (1) and heat pump (6a) on the roof of the device. In this example, the device is designed so that it can be placed outside a building.
• 2 A section through the example of 1 used memory (3), for example, designed with two layer charging devices (8 and 8a), a hot water heat exchanger (3b) and built-in Elektroheizstab (6b).

For example, the device (0) formed from prefabricated components. On the roof is a solar panel (1) and an air-water heat pump (6a) mounted. collector field (1) and heat pump (6) are hydraulic with the store (3) which is located inside the component (0). At the store (3) mounted are an electric heater (6b) and three hydraulic modules (4) that the hydraulics between Solar heat exchanger (3a) and collectors (1) , Storage (3) and heat pump (6a), as well as storage (3) and heat circuits in the building to be heated accomplish. At the store (3) is an expansion vessel (5) appropriate. Further, in the component (0) a radiator (9) , a control unit (7) and a controllable ventilation unit (10) , here for example equipped with a controllable fan, available. The memory (3) is equipped with two layer loaders (8 and 8a), a hot water heat exchanger (3b), here for example made of stainless steel.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(0)

module

(1)

solar panels

(2)

solar conveying circuit with lines

(3)

Storage (3a) Solar heat exchanger (3b) Domestic hot water heat exchanger (3c) process water circuit

(4)

hydraulic modules

(5)

expansion tanks

(6)

Heating systems that do not use sunlight as energy (6a) heat pump (6b) Electric heating element

(7)

control unit

(8) and (8a)

Layer loader

(9)

radiator

(10)

adjustable ventilation unit

(11)

Temperature probe inside the component

(12)

Temperature probe outside the component

(13)

Electrical connection to the building to be heated

(14)

Hydraulic connection to the building to be heated

(15)

Exterior wall of the building to be heated

(16)

Hot water consumers in the building to be heated

(17)

Radiator in the building to be heated

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10300427 B4 [0002]
• DE 102006023627 B4 [0002]
• DE 102005008646 B3 [0002]
• DE 3147353 A1 [0004]
• DE 19526560 C2 [0004]
• EP 1429088 A1 [0004]

Claims (12)

Solar heating partially within a component (0) integrated, at least consisting of solar panels (1), temperature probes, solar conveyor circuit with lines (2), memory (3), hydraulic modules (4), expansion vessels (5), heating systems (6), not Use sunlight as energy and a control unit (7), characterized in that the memory (3) which is fixedly connected to the component (0), at least one solar heat exchanger (3a) and at least one layer loading device (8), wherein at least one the hydraulic modules (4) and at least one of the heating systems (6) are permanently installed on the memory (3) and in the component (0) at least one heating element (9) is provided, which is hydraulically connected to the memory (3), as well as via the control unit (7) controllable ventilation unit (10) in the component (0) is present, which connects the interior of the component (0) with its exterior. Solar heating after Claim 1 , characterized in that the component (0) is made as a weatherproof, closed element and can be placed outdoors or in a room without a ceiling. Solar heating after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the component (0) of refractory, thermally insulated walls of prefabricated components, preferably made of cellular concrete. Solar heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the component (0) is part of a garage or prefabricated garage. Solar heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the memory (3) includes a heat exchanger (3b) which is connected to a hot water circuit (3c). Solar heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that it is at least one of the heating systems (6) is a heat pump parts of this heat pump can be mounted outside of the component (0). Solar heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that at least one of the heating systems (6) is an electric heating element. Solar heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that it is in the controllable ventilation unit (10) to a passage from the interior of the component (0) to the outside, equipped with at least one controllable fan, is. Solar heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that it is in the controllable ventilation unit (10) to a passage from the interior of the component (0) to the outside, equipped with at least one controllable flap and / or slide and / or rosette. Solar heating according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that in the interior and outside of the component (0) at least one temperature probe (11/12) is present, which may be connected to the control unit (7). Process for producing a solar heating according to one of Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that the component (0) outside of the building to be heated is partially made of prefabricated elements and there all in this component (0) integrated parts of the solar heating transport safe to the device (0) are further connected electrical (13) and hydraulic ( 14) Cables and connections for connection to the building to be heated are installed in and on the component (0). Method for operating a solar heater according to one of Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that at a temperature in the component (0) below 4 ° C said component by means of the / the radiator (7) is kept frost-free and at a temperature of the solar panels (1) above 120 ° C, the energy from the Solar collectors (1) through the memory (3), the radiator (7) and the ventilation unit (10) is discharged to the outside, so that the collector temperature does not rise above 140 ° C.

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