DE102016223065A1 - Crankshaft for a vehicle and method of making the crankshaft - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a crankshaft (10) for a vehicle, comprising at least one crankpin (20) for receiving at least one connecting rod (60). Hereinby it is provided that at least one cavity (50) is provided in the crankpin (20) at least partially eccentric to a central axis (D) of the crank pin (20) is formed.

Description

The present invention relates to a crankshaft according to the type defined in more detail in the preamble of claim 1. Further, the invention relates to a system according to the preamble of claim 11 and to a method according to the preamble of claim 13.

Crankshafts are exposed to a very high mechanical load, and therefore often made of solid material, especially steel. Correspondingly, crankshafts often have a very high weight, and with their own weight of, for example, 12 to 40 kg often form the heaviest engine component in motor vehicles.

Due to the high weight, however, there are disadvantages in terms of fuel consumption, engine height and other mechanical properties of the crank mechanism.

From the DE 101 40 332 C1 a lightweight crankshaft is known which has cavities, wherein in the cavities stabilizing filler is located.

The formation of the crankshaft with cavities often leads to a significant reduction in the rigidity or strength of the crankshaft. To partially compensate for this effect, a filler can be inserted into the cavities. As a result, however, the complexity and complexity of the production of the crankshaft are increased.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, at least partially remedy the disadvantages described above in a crankshaft for a vehicle. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to achieve a weight reduction in a crankshaft while meeting the requirements for the mechanical properties of the crankshaft.

The above object is achieved by a crankshaft with the features of claim 1 and by a system having the features of claim 11 and by a method having the features of claim 13. Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the respective dependent claims, the description and the drawings. In this case, features and details that are described in connection with the crankshaft according to the invention apply, of course, also in connection with the system according to the invention and / or with the inventive method, and in each case vice versa, so that with respect to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention always reciprocal reference or can be.

The object is achieved in particular by a crankshaft for a vehicle, with at least one crank pin for receiving at least one connecting rod. In this case, it is particularly conceivable that at least one cavity (in particular for weight reduction) provided in the crank pin, in particular formed, is. Preferably, this at least one cavity is formed (at least partially or predominantly) eccentrically to a central axis, in particular axis of rotation of the crank pin, preferably so that stabilization of at least the crank pin and / or the crankshaft takes place. In other words, a particularly stable and weight-reducing design of the crankshaft, in particular of the crank pin, take place in that the at least one cavity is at least partially (eg completely or substantially or predominantly) eccentric to the central axis of the crank pin. Preferably, the distance to the central axis can cause an increase and / or improvement in stability, in particular the flexural rigidity.

It is preferably at least one cavity which (especially exclusively) has a primary function for reducing the weight of the crankshaft. Therefore, the cavity is preferably understood to mean no cavity or bore, or the like, which serves for the supply and / or conduction of oil or for lubrication purposes, or has functions other than the weight reduction.

Preferably, the cavity forms a closed cavity within the crank pin. Preferably, the cavity causes a reduction in the flywheel, and thus the total weight. This can cause a reduction in the idling speed. Thus, vibrations in the operation of the crankshaft can be reduced. The crankshaft may, in particular, have one or more cavities formed in particular isolated from one another or formed separated from one another by a wall, and for example may be formed as a lightweight crankshaft. The wall (the cavity) is, for example, an inner wall of the crank pin and is formed, for example, from a material of the crank pin or the crankshaft.

In particular, the invention is based on the consideration that at least one cavity is used for weight reduction and is placed in the crankpin so that the requirements for the mechanical properties of the crankshaft are met. In other words, the placement or positioning of the at least one cavity can be selected so that the properties, such as. the stability or rigidity of the crankshaft is improved (or increased) with respect to formation with another possible position of the cavity. This has the advantage that (completely or largely) the use of further aids to increase the stability, for example, on filling material for the cavity, can be dispensed with.

Preferably, the vehicle is designed as a motor vehicle, preferably passenger car and / or truck and / or electric vehicle. In particular, the crankshaft according to the invention is integrated in the vehicle, preferably for driving the vehicle and / or at least one unit in the vehicle.

The crankshaft and / or the at least one crankpin of the crankshaft are, for example, made of a (single) material, in particular steel or nodular cast iron. In particular, the crankshaft is designed as a (at least partially) cast crankshaft.

Preferably, it may be possible that the at least one cavity is completely integrated in the crank pin, and / or is completely surrounded by a material (or an inner wall) of the crank pin, so that preferably the cavity has no opening to the surroundings of the crank pin.

In particular, during production of the crankshaft, at least one cavity is formed in the crankshaft, wherein positioning of the at least one cavity takes place such that the positioning has a stabilizing effect on the crankshaft, in particular so that a stability of the crankshaft (despite the cavity) is largely retained.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the at least one cavity is located at least predominantly or completely in a region between the central axis and an outer side of the crank pin. In particular, while the outside of the crank pin is the side facing away from the axis of rotation of the crankshaft of the crank pin. In other words, the outer side of the crank pin is in particular that of an environment of the crankshaft and / or a piston facing side of the crank pin. Particularly preferably, the inside of the crank pin is the axis of rotation of the crankshaft facing side of the crank pin. This has the advantage that a rigidity, in particular flexural rigidity, and / or stability of the crankshaft, in particular of the crank pin, can be significantly increased.

It may further be possible that the (respective) center axis of the at least one crank pin corresponds to an axis of rotation of the (respective) crank pin about which the connecting rod, in particular via a connecting rod bearing, can be mounted rotatably on the crank pin. Alternatively, the center axis may also differ slightly from the axis of rotation.

In particular, the positioning of the cavity can take place in such a way that a stability, in particular rigidity, of the crankshaft is increased. For this purpose, the positioning can be carried out, for example, as a function of calculations or simulations.

In a further possibility, it can be provided that the at least one cavity is aligned counter to a torsional force direction, preferably so that a ribbing of the crank pin (in particular in the crank pin to increase rigidity) is formed by the cavity.

This possible arrangement of the cavity will be described in more detail below. For example. For example, in a crankpin, a first plane includes the major axis of the cavity and a Z axis, and a second plane includes the center axis (rotational axis) of the journal and the Z axis, with the Z axis orthogonal to the major axis and / or center axis. It can now be provided that a cutting angle α of the first and second plane is provided, which results from the orientation of the cavity. In particular, a point of the main axis of the cavity, in particular the center and / or volume centroid of the cavity, lies on the cutting line of the first and second planes.

Advantageously, a torsional rigidity of the crankshaft, in particular of the crank pin, can thus be increased. In order to form the ribbing, it is also possible, for example, for a plurality of cavities to be formed in a crank pin which, for example, are separated from one another by the material of the crank pin (as inner wall). It is also conceivable that the cavities are further reinforced by ribs, in particular transverse ribs, in the cavity.

It is also conceivable within the scope of the invention that a respective center of gravity of the respective cavity is formed eccentrically to the central axis (or arranged or positioned), in particular between the central axis and an outer side of the crank pin. Thus, the stability of the crankshaft is particularly simple and inexpensive increases.

In the context of the invention, it can preferably be provided that a fluid is provided in the at least one cavity, in particular exclusively. Preferably, a volume of the cavity (completely or predominantly) free of filler material and / or (completely or predominantly) free of solid material is formed.

In particular, while the filler is to be regarded as a solid material, whereas the fluid can only be performed in gaseous form. The fluid can be, for example, air.

In a further possibility, it may be provided that the crankshaft has a plurality of crank pins, which are preferably connected to at least one shaft journal via at least one crankshaft, wherein preferably a plurality of cavities are provided, and exclusively or at least all crankshaft crankcases each comprise at least one of the cavities , Preferably, the crank webs and / or shaft journals can each have at least one further cavity. Thus, the stability can be further increased.

According to a further possibility, it can be provided that a plurality of cavities are provided in the individual crank pin, wherein preferably the total cavity volume of the (in particular all) cavities of the crank pin at least 10% or at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% of Total volume of the crankpin is. This can ensure sufficient stability in the crankshaft.

Furthermore, it is optionally possible within the scope of the invention that the at least one crank pin or each of the crankshaft crank pins has at least one or more (eg at least two or at least three or at least four) cavities insulated from each other. In particular, the cavities are partially or completely isolated from each other, for example. By an inner wall of the crank pin. The inner wall is formed, for example, of the same material and / or monolithic with the crank pin. Alternatively, for example, a different material from the rest of the crankpin can be used to form the inner wall. In particular, a rib structure can thus also be formed through the cavities in order to further increase the strength.

Optionally, it can be provided that the at least one cavity is formed by the crankpin, in particular by at least one recess in the crankpin, and is preferably formed of the same material and / or by an inner wall of the crankpin. In particular, it may be possible for the at least one cavity to be designed and / or arranged in relation to the position in the crankpin such that at least one flexural rigidity of the crankpin and / or the crankshaft is increased by the positioning in the crankpin. In this case, the cavity may preferably be spherical and / or be designed as a rotational body and / or be asymmetrical. This results in a particularly simple and inexpensive to produce crankshaft, which has sufficient stability and low weight.

• - wenigstens einer Kurbelwelle, welche wenigstens einen Hubzapfen zur Aufnahme von jeweils wenigstens einem Pleuel aufweist,
• - wenigstens einem Aggregat, welches mit der Kurbelwelle in Wirkverbindung steht und/oder verbunden ist, sodass das wenigstens eine Aggregat durch die Kurbelwelle antreibbar ist.

Likewise provided by the invention is a system for a vehicle, comprising:

• at least one crankshaft having at least one crank pin for receiving at least one connecting rod,
• - At least one unit, which is operatively connected to the crankshaft and / or is connected, so that the at least one unit can be driven by the crankshaft.

In this case, it is particularly conceivable that in each case at least one cavity is provided in the respective crank pin, which is in each case at least partially eccentric to a central axis of the respective crank pin. Thus, the system according to the invention brings the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to a crankshaft according to the invention. In addition, the crankshaft of the system according to the invention can be designed according to the crankshaft according to the invention.

• - wenigstens einen Generator,
• - wenigstens eine Lenkhilfepumpe,
• - wenigstens eine Wasserpumpe,
• - wenigstens einen Klimakompressor.

In particular, the at least one unit comprises, for example, at least one of the following units for a vehicle:

• at least one generator,
• at least one power steering pump,
• at least one water pump,
• - at least one air conditioning compressor.

To drive the units are, for example. V-belt used to transmit a drive energy from the crankshaft to the respective units.

• - Bereitstellen eines Werkstoffs zur Herstellung der Kurbelwelle,
• - Ausbilden wenigstens einer Kavität in dem Werkstoff, wobei die wenigstens eine Kavität derart positioniert wird, dass die wenigstens eine Kavität zumindest teilweise exzentrisch zu einer Mittelachse eines Hubzapfens der Kurbelwelle ausgebildet wird.

Also provided under protection is a method for producing a crankshaft, wherein at least the following steps are provided:

• Providing a material for producing the crankshaft,
• - Forming at least one cavity in the material, wherein the at least one cavity is positioned so that the at least one cavity is at least partially formed eccentric to a center axis of a crank pin of the crankshaft.

Thus, the method according to the invention brings about the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to a crankshaft according to the invention and / or a system according to the invention. In addition, preferably the crankshaft according to the invention, in particular the according to the invention, are prepared according to the inventive method.

In particular, in a casting of the crankshaft in the region of the crankpin displacement body or the like can be used to form the cavities, so that cavities are formed in this area.

• 1 eine Schnittdarstellung von Teilen einer erfindungsgemäßen Kurbelwelle,
• 2 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Pleuels,
• 3 eine weitere Schnittdarstellung von Teilen einer erfindungsgemäßen Kurbelwelle,
• 4 eine weitere Schnittdarstellung von Teilen einer erfindungsgemäßen Kurbelwelle.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which, with reference to the drawings, embodiments of the invention are described in detail. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may each be essential to the invention individually or in any desired combination. Each show schematically:

• 1 a sectional view of parts of a crankshaft according to the invention,
• 2 a perspective view of a connecting rod,
• 3 a further sectional view of parts of a crankshaft according to the invention,
• 4 a further sectional view of parts of a crankshaft according to the invention.

Elements with the same function and mode of action are in the 1 to 4 each provided with the same reference numerals.

In 1 is a schematic sectional view of a crankshaft according to the invention 10 shown. Here is an example of a crank pin 20 shown, wherein the crankshaft 10 also several such crank pins 20 can have. Here is the respective crank pin 20 over at least one crank arm 30 with at least one shaft journal 40 connected.

Next is a rotation axis D or central axis D of the journal 20 shown to which a connecting rod 60 , in particular via a connecting rod bearing 61 , rotatable on the crank pin 20 is storable. The connecting rod 60 is merely purely schematic in FIG 2 with a piston 70 shown. To illustrate a system according to the invention, an aggregate 90 for a vehicle is also shown. Furthermore, in 1 clarifies that the axis of rotation D can run in the direction of an x-axis.

Next is an outside 21 and an inside 22 of the journal 20 clarified. The inside is preferred 22 of the journal 20 that of the (not explicitly shown) rotational axis of the crankshaft 10 facing side of the crank pin 20 , In contrast, the outside 21 the side of the crankpin 20 , which at the rotation of the piston 70 comes closest.

Next is a cavity 50 in the crankpin 20 shown. It is clear that the cavity 50 eccentric to the central axis D of the journal 20 is trained. In particular, this is through the midpoint M the cavity 50 clearly, which is a distance to the central axis D having. For example. can be a first distance 81 of the center M to the outside 21 in the range of 5 mm to 30 mm, preferably 10 mm to 20 mm, preferably 12 mm to 19 mm, and a second distance 82 of the center M to the inside 22 in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm, preferably 20 mm to 40 mm, preferably 30 mm to 35 mm. The first distance 81 is, for example, the shortest distance of the center M to the outside 21 of the journal 20 , and the second distance 82 the shortest distance of the center M to the inside 22 of the journal 20 , Preferably, the first distance is different 81 from the second distance 82 by at least 5 mm or at least 10 mm. This allows the stability of the crankshaft 10 even without the use of other aids, such as filler material to improve significantly.

In 3 is shown that the cavity 50 , in particular a main axis HA the cavity 50 , can be rotated to the x-axis or rotated about the x-axis. It also follows that the cavity 50 against a Torsionskraftrichtung at the crank pin 20 may be aligned, so preferably a ribbing of the crank pin 20 through the cavity 50 is trained.

For example. contains a first level the main axis HA the cavity 50 and the z-axis, and a second plane contains the central axis D of the journal 20 and the z-axis, where (as in 1 is shown), the z-axis orthogonal to the x-axis and the y-axis and in particular to the central axis D stands. It can now be provided that a cutting angle α the first and second levels is provided, which from the orientation of the cavity 50 results. According to 4 can also have several cavities 50 be provided. This has the advantage that a ribbing, and thus an increase in stability, at the crankshaft 10 can be further improved.

The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention solely by way of example. Of course, individual features of the embodiments, if technically feasible, can be combined freely with one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

crankshaft

20

crank pins

21

outside

22

inside

30

crank webs

40

shaft journal

50

cavity

60

pleuel

61

connecting rod bearing

70

piston

81

first distance

82

second distance

D

Rotary axis, central axis of the journal

HA

Main axis of the cavity

M

Center of the cavity

α

angle

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10140332 C1 [0004]

Claims (14)

Crankshaft (10) for a vehicle, with at least one crankpin (20) for receiving at least one connecting rod (60), characterized in that at least one cavity (50) in the crankpin (20) is provided which at least partially eccentric to a central axis (D) of the crank pin (20) is formed. Crankshaft (10) to Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one cavity (50) at least predominantly or completely in a region between the central axis (D) and an outer side (21) of the crank pin (20) is located. Crankshaft (10) to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the central axis (D) of the crank pin (20) corresponds to an axis of rotation (D) of the crank pin (20) about which the connecting rod (60) is rotatably mounted on the crank pin (20). Crankshaft (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one cavity (50) is aligned against a Torsionskraftrichtung, preferably so that a ribbing of the crank pin (20) through the cavity (50) is formed. Crankshaft (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a respective center of gravity of the respective cavity (50) is formed eccentrically to the central axis (D), in particular between the central axis (D) and an outer side (21) of the crank pin (20). , Crankshaft (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the at least one cavity (50), in particular exclusively, a fluid is provided. Crankshaft (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crankshaft (10) has a plurality of crank pins (20), which are each connected via at least one crank arm (30) with at least one shaft journal (40), wherein preferably a plurality of cavities ( 50) are provided, and exclusively or at least all crank pins (20) of the crankshaft (10) each having at least one of the cavities (50). Crankshaft (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of cavities (50) in the individual crank pin (20) are provided, wherein the total cavity volume of the cavities (50) of the crank pin (20) at least 10% or at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% of the total volume of the crank pin (20). Crankshaft (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one crank pin (20) or each of the crank pins (20) of the crankshaft (10) each have at least or exactly one or more cavities (50) insulated from one another. Crankshaft (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one cavity (50) by the crank pin (20), in particular by at least one recess in the crank pin (20) is formed, and preferably of the same material and / or by a inner wall of the crank pin (20) is formed. System for a vehicle, comprising: - at least one crankshaft (10), which has at least one crank pin (20) for receiving at least one connecting rod (60), - at least one unit (90), which is in operative connection with the crankshaft (10) so that the at least one unit (90) can be driven by the crankshaft (10), characterized in that at least one cavity (50) is provided in the crankpin (20) which is at least partially eccentric to a central axis (D) of the crankpin (10). 20) is formed. System after Claim 11 , characterized in that the crankshaft (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 is executed. Method for producing a crankshaft (10), characterized by the following steps: - providing a material for producing the crankshaft (10), - forming at least one cavity (50) in the material, wherein the at least one cavity (50) is positioned in this way in that the at least one cavity (50) is formed at least partially eccentrically to a central axis (D) of a crank pin (20) of the crankshaft (10). Method according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the crankshaft (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 and / or according to a system according to any one of Claims 11 or 12 will be produced.

Images