DE102016220052A1 - Roller for a rolling bearing and rolling bearing with the roller - Google Patents

Abstract

Rolling bearings in conventional construction include a first career partner and a second career partner and a plurality of rolling elements, which are arranged between the raceway partners. On designs for the rolling elements in particular rollers and balls are in use. For the rollers, a distinction can be made between cylindrical rollers, needle rollers, barrel rollers, tapered rollers, etc. However, the roles in common is that they have an elongated shape with end faces. The rollers rotate about a roller axis during operation as they roll between the track partners.

Description

The invention relates to a roller for a rolling bearing having the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a rolling bearing with this role.

Rolling bearings in conventional construction include a first career partner and a second career partner and a plurality of rolling elements, which are arranged between the raceway partners. On designs for the rolling elements in particular rollers and balls are in use. For the rollers, a distinction can be made between cylindrical rollers, needle rollers, barrel rollers, tapered rollers, etc. However, the roles in common is that they have an elongated shape with end faces. The rollers rotate about a roller axis during operation as they roll between the track partners.

In the publication DE 10 2011 079 391 A1 , which is probably the closest prior art, a rotor main bearing is proposed, which has a plastic cage, are inserted in the rolling elements in the form of rollers. In the publication, it is proposed that at least a plurality of the rolling elements have at least one recess which opens to a first end side and / or to a second end side of the rolling bodies. The recesses are incorporated to reduce the weight of the rolling elements and thus the gravitational shocks of adjacent segments to each other.

The publication EP 2309143B1 discloses a rolling bearing with rolling elements, wherein centering openings are introduced for centering in the rolling elements on the front sides.

It is an object of the present invention to propose a roller for a rolling bearing and a rolling bearing with such roles, which can be made for a manufacturing technology simple and on the other hand are particularly high load capacity. This object is achieved by a roller having the features of claim 1 and by a rolling bearing having the feature of claim 10. Advantageous or preferred embodiment of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to a roller which is suitable and / or designed for a rolling bearing. Preferably, the roller is formed as a metal roller. The material of the roller is particularly preferably a steel, in particular a roller bearing steel. The roller may be formed as a cylindrical roller. Alternatively, the role is realized as a barrel roller, tapered roller or as a pendulum roller.

The role defined by the structural design and / or by the self-rotation during operation a rotation axis. The roller has an end surface on each axial side. The end face may be flat or stepped. For a stepped end face, e.g. lead an outer ring surface over a step to a central circular area. Alternatively, the end surface may be formed torusballig.

In each case a recess is introduced in the end face. Preferably, the recess is arranged coaxially and / or concentrically with the axis of rotation. The recess has a contour in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation. The recess is preferably separating, in particular material removal, introduced into the roll.

In the context of the invention, it is proposed that the recess, in particular in the axial extent, has a centering section for receiving a centering tip and an adjoining curvature section. The centering section is preferably designed to converge and / or funnel-shaped, so that the free diameter of the recess decreases starting from the end face in the direction of the roller center point. Preferably, the recess in the whole is converging, in particular strictly monotone converging, and / or funnel-shaped. In the curved section, the contour of the recess in the said longitudinal section is curved, in particular curved and at the same time converging.

In addition, it is claimed that the transition between the centering section and the curvature section, in particular in the contour, in particular in a contour curve, is designed to be differentiable and / or tangential. Mathematically, this means in particular that a slope of the centering section approaches at the transition to a slope of the curvature section or these two slopes are equal. The gradients can be measured, for example, in a lying role, wherein the axis of rotation mentally forms an X-axis and a Y-axis is oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The contour, in particular the contour curve, forms a graph in the auxiliary coordinate system constructed in this way, wherein the graph is designed to be differentiable and / or tangentially transitioning at the transition between the centering section and the curved section, in particular in the manner described.

During production, the rolls according to the invention are clamped on both sides in centering tips. Consequently, the roles to accommodate the Centering points have recesses for the centering. However, it has been recognized that these recesses - though very small in comparison with the overall size of the reel - can weaken the role. In particular, angular transitions in the recesses can lead to a failure of the role in operation. Characterized in that according to the invention, the transition between the centering and the curvature portion differentially and / or tangentially formed transient and thus edge-free and / or smooth realized, can form at the position of the transition no or in contrast to an edgy transition only reduced voltage increases, so that the roller and thus the rolling bearing is more resilient.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the recess has the shape of a rotational body, which is formed by a rotation of the contour about the axis of rotation. The contour is differentiated formed alternatively or additionally, all transitions are realized tangentially transient. Thus, the edge-free and / or smooth transition is claimed not only at the transition between the centering and the curvature portion, but over the entire course of the contour and / or the recess.

It is particularly preferred that the centering section has a constant curvature or a constant gradient and / or that the curvature section has a constant curvature. By a constant curvature or slope voltage increases in the region of the recess are further avoided. In addition, the production of the recess in the role is simplified.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the curvature section is formed as a spherical segment, as a spherical layer or as a torus layer. In the embodiment as a spherical segment of the curvature portion forms an end or a bottom of the recess. In the recess as a spherical layer closes at the curvature section yet another section, in particular an end portion as will be described below, at. When forming a spherical layer, the curvature section has a uniform center of curvature. The torus layer is formed by a curved, preferably circular curved curve is rotated about the axis of rotation. In particular, the torus layer is generated by the rotation of the contour, in particular a half-sided contour, of the curvature section as a generatrix about the axis of rotation.

Alternatively and / or additionally, the centering section is optionally designed as a truncated cone layer or as a torus layer. When formed as a truncated cone, the bounding walls are realized at a constant pitch. The torus layer is generated as previously described. The centering section preferably adjoins directly to the end face. However, it is also possible that the transition between the end face and the centering is broken by a chamfer in manufacturing technology conventional manner.

In a possible development of the invention, the recess has an end portion, wherein the end portion adjoins the curvature portion. The end portion may be formed, for example, as a Anbohrabschnitt, in this case particularly preferably as a cone portion. Alternatively, the end portion is formed as a spherical segment. Both variants are easy to produce in terms of production, and due to the uniform contours, no weakenings are introduced into the roll by them.

It is particularly preferred in this connection that the curvature section merges tangentially into the end section and / or that the transition is differentiable. This embodiment further extends the inventive idea of designing the recess so that no weakenings are introduced into the roller.

It is preferred that the ratio between the roll length and the depth of the recess is between 10 and 150, preferably between 13 and 100, in particular between 15 and 30. In a preferred practical realization of the invention, the depth of the recess is less than 4 millimeters, preferably less than 2 millimeters. Furthermore, it is preferred that the ratio between the roll diameter and the input diameter and / or the free diameter of the recess at the end face is between 3 and 55, preferably between 5.7 and 39.5. In one or the practical implementation, the input diameter is less than 6 mm, preferably less than 3 mm and in particular less than 2 mm. In one or the practical realization, it is further particularly preferred that the diameter and / or the length of the roller is greater than 25 millimeters. These embodiments emphasize once again that the function of the recess is limited to the centering.

One possible embodiment provides that the centering section assumes a cone angle of 60 degrees. The curvature portion is realized as a torus layer, wherein the generating contour is formed as a circular portion with a radius r between 0.1 millimeter and 1.5 millimeters. The end portion is formed as a spherical segment with a radius r> 10 mm.

Another object of the invention relates to a rolling bearing, wherein the rolling bearing may be formed as a radial bearing or as a thrust bearing or as an axial-radial bearing. The rolling bearing has a first and a second raceway and a plurality of rolling elements, wherein the rolling elements are arranged between the first and the second raceway rolling. The rolling elements are designed as rollers, which were previously described or according to one of the preceding claims. It is envisaged that the recesses in the rolling elements are unoccupied and / or unused and / or empty and / or free of interference. This embodiment again underlines that the recesses are formed as Zentrierausnehmungen and in particular assume no function such as a leadership function by the engagement of a bolt in the recess. Another optional object of the invention may relate to a method for manufacturing the rolling bearing, wherein first the recesses are introduced into the rollers, subsequently the rollers between the centering tips are clamped and processed and finally the rollers are installed in the rolling bearing.

• 1 eine schematische dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Wälzlagers als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 2 einen Längsschnitt einer Rolle nach dem Stand der Technik mit eingesetzten Zentrierspitzen;
• 3a, b einen Längsschnitt in dreidimensionaler Darstellung bzw. einen Längsschnitt in zweidimensionaler Darstellung einer Rolle als ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 4a, b in gleicher Darstellung wie die vorhergehende Figur eine Rolle als ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 5a, b in gleicher Darstellung wie die vorhergehenden Figuren ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 6a, b in gleicher Darstellung wie die vorhergehenden Figuren ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 7a, b Simulationsergebnisse von der Spannungsverteilung bei der Rolle in konventioneller Bauweise (7a) sowie in optimierter Form (7b).

Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the accompanying figures. Showing:

• 1 a schematic three-dimensional view of a rolling bearing as an embodiment of the invention;
• 2 a longitudinal section of a roll according to the prior art with inserted centering tips;
• 3a, b a longitudinal section in three-dimensional representation and a longitudinal section in two-dimensional representation of a role as a first embodiment of the invention;
• 4a, b in the same representation as the preceding figure, a role as a second embodiment of the invention;
• 5a, b in the same representation as the preceding figures, a third embodiment of the invention;
• 6a, b in the same representation as the preceding figures, a fourth embodiment of the invention;
• 7a, b Simulation results of the stress distribution in the roll in conventional construction ( 7a ) and in optimized form ( 7b ).

The 1 shows in a schematic three-dimensional representation of a rolling bearing 1 as an embodiment of the invention. The rolling bearing 1 is designed as a radial roller bearing and has an inner ring 2 with an inner raceway 3 as well as an outer ring 4 with an outer career 5 on. Between the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 4 are a plurality of rolling elements 6 Arranged between the inner raceway 3 and the outside career 5 roll off. The rolling elements 6 are designed as rollers and realized in this embodiment as cylindrical rollers. The rolling bearing 1 is dimensioned as a slewing bearing, with the rollers 6 have a diameter and / or a length greater than 25 millimeters. The rolling bearing 1 can be formed single row as shown, but it can also be realized in several rows. The roles 6 are in the rolling bearing 1 arranged full complement.

Each of the roles 6 has an end face on each side 7 on, in the middle of a recess 8th is introduced. The recess 8th is coaxial and / or concentric with a rotation axis D ( 2 ff.). In the installed condition of the rollers 6 like this one in the 1 is shown, have the recesses 8th no function and are therefore unoccupied.

The rolling bearing 1 in the 1 is highly resilient in operation. This can lead to very high rolling element loads with a Hertzian pressure between the raceway 3 or 5 and the roles 6 with more than 4,000 MPa, so that very high stresses occur in the centering geometry. These tensions can cause the loaded roles 6 are not durable during dynamic operation, so that a roll break can not be excluded.

The 2 shows one of the roles 6 according to the prior art in a schematic three-dimensional longitudinal sectional view. It can be seen that the end faces 7 an outer annulus area 9 and an inner disc area 10 have, wherein the annulus area 9 and the circular disk area 10 are arranged stepped to each other. In the circular ring area 10 is the recess 8th brought in. In the axial direction, two centering points engage 11 in the recesses 8th a to the role 6 centered so that it can be processed during production. This type of holding is also referred to as "between peaks". The in the 2 shown, stepped centering geometry is designed according to DIN332.

Due to an improved geometry of the centering can a much higher dynamic load capacity of the rollers 6 be achieved because the stresses under roller load within the Zentrierungsgeometrie are significantly lower than in the 2 described form.

In the 3a, b is in a schematic, three-dimensional longitudinal sectional view or in a longitudinal sectional view of a role 6 as a first embodiment of the invention. The role 6 and the roles described below 6 have the end faces 7 with the circular ring area 9 and the circular disk area 10 on, in the recess 8th coaxial and / or concentric with the axis of rotation D is introduced. Alternatively, in the embodiment in the 3a, b or in the following figures, the end face 7 plan or torusballig trained. The diameter and / or the length of the roll 6 in the 3a, b and in the following figures is greater than 25 mm.

The recess 8th has a depth t on, with the depth t less than 2 millimeters is formed. Starting from the end face 7 closes in depth extension first a centering section 12 and subsequently a curvature section 13 at. The depth t Divides approximately halfway between the centering 12 and the curvature section 13 on. The free input diameter d opens at the end surface 7 and is less than 5mm and in this embodiment 4.25mm.

The centering section 12 is formed as a truncated cone layer with a cone angle measured relative to a radial plane to the axis of rotation D may be between 30 and 75 degrees and is dimensioned at 60 degrees in this embodiment. The walls of the centering section 12 have a constant slope. The curvature section 13 is on the other hand a sphere segment with a tip radius r educated. In particular, the curvature section forms 13 a ball cap, which the recess 8th concludes. The top radius r is less than 5 mm and in this example is 2 mm.

The transition between the centering 12 and the curvature section 13 is in the embodiment in the 3a, b as well as in all other embodiments tangentially executed so that there is no step or no kink between the two sections. Alternatively, the transition of the contour is formed differentiable in the longitudinal section shown. As related to the 8a, b will be explained, resulting from the centering geometry of the recess 8th in the embodiment in the 3a , B and in the following figures lower voltages at a load on the role 6 in operation as in the role 6 of the 2 ,

The 4a, b show in the same representation as the preceding figure, a second embodiment of the invention, wherein compared to the first embodiment of the invention, the centering 12 is designed as a torus layer. The curvature R the contour of the torus layer is 20 to 30 times the curvature r the curvature section 13 , In particular, R = (20 ... 30) * r where r is the tip radius of the curve portion 13 is.

In the 5a, b a third embodiment is shown, wherein compared to the previous embodiments of the centering 12 a larger cone angle, in this example 75 degrees. Otherwise reference is made to the previous description. The curvature section 12 can be considered as a truncated cone layer as in the 3a, b or as Torussschicht as in the 4a, b be educated.

It should be underlined that the transition between the centering section 12 and the curvature section 13 always and tangentially and / or differentiated as described above. The slope or the curvature is in the sections 12 . 13 always constant.

In the role 6 in the 6a , b is the centering section 12 formed as a truncated cone, the curvature portion 13 on the other hand is formed as a spherical layer, which in an end portion 14 passes. The transition between the curvature section 13 and the end section 14 is formed tangentially and / or differentiated in this embodiment and the following embodiment. The end section 14 is realized as a Anbohrabschnitt in the form of a cone section.

In the 7a, b are simulation results regarding a stress distribution at a load of the roll 6 shown. In the 7a is the conventional centering geometry of the 2 showing a maximum value of 935 and a minimum value of -1436. In the 7b is the centering geometry according to the 3a, b The maximum voltage is 513 and the minimum is -861. Thus, the voltage difference has been significantly reduced by the Zentrierungsgeometrie invention under otherwise identical simulation conditions, so that the changed centering geometry to a higher load capacity of the role 6 leads.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

roller bearing

2

inner ring

3

Inner raceway

4

outer ring

5

Outer race

6

rolling elements

7

end face

8th

recess

9

Annulus area

10

Disc area

11

centering

12

centering

13

curved section

14

end

D

axis of rotation

t

depth

d

Inlet diameter

r

tip radius

R

radius

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102011079391 A1 [0003]
• EP 2309143 B1 [0004]

Claims (10)

Roller (6) for a roller bearing (1), wherein the roller (6) has on each side an end surface (7), wherein in the end face (7) has a recess (8) is introduced, wherein the roller (6) has an axis of rotation (D) defined and wherein the recess (8) in a longitudinal section along the axis of rotation (D) has a contour, characterized in that the recess (8) has a centering portion (12) for receiving a centering tip (11) and an adjoining curvature section (13), wherein the transition between the centering portion (12) and the curvature portion (13) is formed differentiable and / or tangent. Roll (6) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the recess (8) has the shape of a body of revolution, which is formed by a rotation of the contour about the axis of rotation (D), wherein the contour is differentiated and / or transitions of sections of the contour tangentially into each other. Roll (6) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the centering portion (12) has a constant curvature or constant pitch and the curvature portion (13) has a constant curvature. Roller (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the curved portion (13) is formed as a spherical segment, as a spherical layer or as a torus layer. Roller (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the centering portion (12) is designed as a truncated cone segment or as a torus layer. Roller (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (8) has an end portion (14), wherein the end portion (14) adjoins the curvature portion (13) and as an Anbohrabschnitt and / or as a spherical segment is trained. Roll (6) after Claim 6 , characterized in that in the longitudinal section, the contour of the curved portion (13) merges tangentially into the contour of the end portion (14) and / or that the transition is differentiable. Roller (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio between the roller length and the depth (t) of the recess between 10 and 150, preferably between 13 and 100 and in particular between 15 and 30. Roller (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio between the roller diameter and the input diameter and / or the free diameter of the recess (8) on the end face (7) between 3 and 55, preferably between 5.7 and 39.5 lies. Rolling bearing (1) with a first track (3) and with a second track (5) and with a plurality of rolling elements (6), wherein the rolling elements (6) between the first (3) and the second track (5) arranged to roll are and wherein the rolling elements are designed as rollers (6), characterized in that the rollers (6) are designed according to one of the preceding claims and that the recesses (8) in the rolling bearing (1) unoccupied and / or unused and / or empty and / or free of intervention.

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