DE102016210278B4 - Coupling and uncoupling device for rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

Coupling and uncoupling device for rail vehicles 1.1 with a decoupling lever (1) that can be driven manually and/or via an automatic drive (32), the decoupling lever (1) being over an axis of rotation (2) and over an angle of rotation (3) between an uncoupling position ( 4), in which the coupling and uncoupling device assumes a decoupled state, and a coupling position (5), in which the coupling and uncoupling device assumes a coupled state, can be rotated; 1.2 with a limit switch (8), which has a switching lever (9 ) for its operation, the switching lever (9) being arranged opposite the uncoupling lever (1) in such a way that when the uncoupling lever (1) is rotated from the uncoupling position (4) into the coupling position (5), it is at least in one end region of the twist angle ( 3) is actuated by displacement, and1.3 the shift lever (9) is rotatably mounted above a shift lever rotation axis (12) for its actuation, between a non-deflected position and a deflected position; characterized in that 1.4 the shift lever (9) in the undeflected position relative to a stop surface (15) which leads when the uncoupling lever (1) is rotated in the direction of the shift lever (9) and is assigned to the uncoupling lever (1) in the direction of rotation of the uncoupling lever (1 ) is preceded, the uncoupling lever (1) carrying a spacer (25) which runs in the direction of the shift lever (9) via an outer surface (26) of the uncoupling lever (26) which leads in the direction of the shift lever (9) when the uncoupling lever (1) is rotated. 1) protrudes and has an arcuate leading surface (27) which forms the stop surface (15).

Description

The present invention relates to a coupling and uncoupling device for rail vehicles, in particular for a Scharfenberg coupling, in detail according to the preamble of claim 1.

A generic coupling and uncoupling device is in the 1 shown. This has a decoupling lever 1, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation 2. The rotation is possible via a rotation angle 3 between a decoupling position 4 on one side and a coupling position 5 on the other side. The individual angular positions refer to the center line 7 of the uncoupling lever 1.

Between the uncoupling position 4 and the coupling position 5 there is also a coupling ready position 6 near the uncoupling position 4. This describes a state of the coupling and uncoupling device in which the coupling and uncoupling device can be coupled by moving two coupling parts (not shown) together, so that at During this coupling process, the uncoupling lever 1 is moved from the coupling ready position 6 into the coupling position 5. For the subsequent uncoupling, however, the uncoupling lever 1 must then be moved from the coupling position 5 back into the uncoupling position 4 so that the two coupling parts can be released from one another or moved apart. Moving the uncoupling lever 1 from the coupling position 5 to the uncoupling position 4 is possible by an automatic drive from the driver's cab of a rail vehicle or manually by manually operating the uncoupling lever 1.

In order to detect whether the uncoupling lever 1 is in the coupling position 5, a limit switch 8, also called a position switch, is provided, which has a switching lever 9. To operate the limit switch 8, the switching lever 9 must be displaced, this displacement being detected by suitable electronics of the limit switch 8, so that the limit switch 8 can emit a corresponding signal to a control device.

The shift lever 9 has a roller 10 which is carried at the end of a lever arm 11, which is rotatably mounted above the shift lever rotation axis 12. The roller 10 in turn can be rotated over the roller axis of rotation 13. The roller 10 forms a force-receiving surface 14 of the shift lever 9, namely on its outer circumference. When turning into its coupling position 5, the uncoupling lever 1 strikes the force receiving surface 14 with a corresponding stop surface 15 and, due to its further rotation, pushes the roller 10 away in such a way that the lever arm 11 rotates with the roller 10 over the shift lever rotation axis 12, this rotation is detected by the limit switch 8. In the 1 The twisting state of the uncoupling lever 1 is shown, in which the stop surface 15 just hits the force-receiving surface 14. Starting from the coupling ready position 6, the corresponding angle of rotation is entered and designated 16.

Immediately after the uncoupling lever 1 strikes the switching lever 9 of the limit switch 8, i.e. after the stop surface 15 strikes the force-receiving surface 14, an actuating force is exerted by the uncoupling lever 1 on the switching lever 9. The corresponding drawn force vector is designated 17 and is perpendicular to the stop surface 15 and the force receiving surface 14. The actuating force has a lever arm with respect to the shift lever rotation axis 12, which is designated 18 and is due to the distance of the vector of the actuating force 17 from a parallel thereto resulting in a line running through the shift lever rotation axis 12.

Furthermore, the actuation angle 19 is shown, which is defined as the angle between the actuation force 17 or the corresponding vector and the vector of the rotary movement of the uncoupling lever 1 in the circumferential direction above the axis of rotation 2 at the beginning of the actuation of the shift lever 9. In the 1 For better clarity, the actuation angle 19 is shown larger than it actually is in practice.

Due to the fact that when the limit switch 8 is actuated directly by the uncoupling lever 1, that is to say when the stop surface 15 as part of the leading surface of the uncoupling lever 1 hits the force-receiving surface 14, an extremely small lever arm 18 and a very small actuation angle 19 result, Very high transverse forces act on the lever arm 18, which in practice can lead to it breaking.

The further state of the art will be discussed on DE 40 13 521 A1 referred. DE 29 23 195 A1 discloses a decoupling device in which the disc hoe is driven by an electric motor via a worm wheel. For this purpose, the disc chopper is connected to a fork-shaped web. The worm wheel carries a hub and a cam disc connected to it, whereby the hub is functionally connected to the disc hoe via the web and operates the limit switch via the cam disc.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a coupling and uncoupling device based on the prior art shown direction for rail vehicles in which the unfavorable force and possible breakage of the lever arm is avoided. Furthermore, the coupling and uncoupling device and the actuation of the limit switch should be characterized by a compact structure and, above all, a gentle actuation of the limit switch, in that impact of the actuating arm on the limit switch should be avoided if possible.

The object according to the invention is achieved by a coupling and uncoupling device with the features of claim 1, as well as by a coupling with the features of claim 8. Advantageous and particularly useful embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

A coupling and uncoupling device according to the invention for rail vehicles has a decoupling lever that can be driven manually and/or via an automatic drive, in particular a rotary drive such as an electric motor and/or a pneumatic or hydraulic shift lever, the decoupling lever being driven over an axis of rotation and over an angle of rotation between a decoupling position and can be rotated to a dome position. In the uncoupling position, the coupling and uncoupling device assumes an uncoupled state. In the coupling position, the coupling and uncoupling device assumes a coupled state. When uncoupled, two coupling halves can be moved apart. When coupled, the coupling halves are mechanically locked against each other so that a tensile force can be transferred from one coupling half to the other coupling half.

Furthermore, a limit switch is provided which has a switching lever for its actuation, the switching lever being arranged opposite the uncoupling lever in such a way that when the uncoupling lever is rotated from the uncoupling position into the coupling position, it is actuated by displacement at least in one end region of the twist angle.

For its attachment, the shift lever is rotatably mounted over a shift lever rotation axis, namely rotatable between an undeflected initial position and a deflected position. The latter can also be referred to as the final position. The deflection occurs by at least indirectly striking the uncoupling lever on the shift lever.

In this respect, the design according to the invention corresponds to the generic design explained in detail at the beginning.

According to the invention, the shift lever is now in the undeflected position, i.e. when it has not yet been actuated by the uncoupling lever, in front of a stop surface that leads when the uncoupling lever is rotated in the direction of the shift lever and is assigned to the uncoupling lever in the direction of rotation of the uncoupling lever.

The forward positioning of the shift lever in its undeflected position in the direction of rotation of the decoupling lever causes a much more favorable introduction of force into the shift lever when it is actuated, so that the unfavorable lever arm and the small actuation angle shown at the beginning can advantageously be avoided. The presetting of the shift lever can also be described by the fact that at the time of the start of actuation of the shift lever, a lever arm of the same, which carries the stop surface at its end facing away from the shift lever rotation axis, is opposite a straight line that is perpendicular to the stop surface at the start of actuation of the shift lever means is rotated relative to the vector of the actuating force, in the direction of the peripheral speed of the uncoupling lever or in the direction of the axis of rotation of the uncoupling lever or beyond. The lever arm advantageously forms an angle of less than 90° with the vector of the actuating force.

The actuation angle of the shift lever is particularly favorable at least 10° or 15°, in particular at least 30° or 40°, the actuation angle being defined as the angle between a vector of the rotational movement of the uncoupling lever aligned in the circumferential direction over the axis of rotation of the uncoupling lever at the start of actuation of the shift lever and a vector in the direction of the introduction of force into the shift lever, which is perpendicular to the stop surface at the start of actuation of the shift lever.

According to the invention, the uncoupling lever carries a spacer which protrudes in the direction of the shift lever over an outer surface of the uncoupling lever that leads when the uncoupling lever is rotated in the direction of the shift lever and forms the stop surface. This makes it possible to use existing coupling and uncoupling devices, such as those shown, for example 1 are shown, easy to retrofit in order to achieve the more favorable introduction of force into the shift lever according to the invention. To do this, the spacer only needs to be screwed onto the existing uncoupling lever or otherwise attached to it. This can be done in a solvable or insoluble manner. Furthermore, the lever arm of the shift lever needs to be aligned more strongly in the direction of the circumferential direction of the twisting movement of the uncoupling lever.

As shown, the shift lever advantageously has a lever arm which extends from the shift lever rotation axis and, in the region of its end facing away from the shift lever rotation axis, has a force-receiving surface for the stop surface assigned to the decoupling lever, in particular the stop surface of the spacer. According to one embodiment of the invention, a rotatable roller is provided on the lever arm at its end facing away from the shift lever rotation axis, which forms the force-receiving surface. As shown at the beginning, the roller can be rotated over a roller axis of rotation, so that it can roll on a leading surface of the decoupling lever or the spacer, if one is provided, when the decoupling lever is further rotated.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the uncoupling lever has a pull wire for its rotation, which is connected to the uncoupling lever in the region of an end remote from the axis of rotation. The pull wire can advantageously have a loop or a connected handle at its end facing away from the uncoupling lever for applying the necessary tensile force in order to rotate the uncoupling lever.

The surface which forms the stop surface on the spacer or on the uncoupling lever and leads into the coupled position during the rotational movement of the uncoupling lever is advantageously designed to be curved, namely increasingly radially inwards with the direction of rotation of the uncoupling lever, in order to ensure particularly favorable actuation, in particular particularly favorable To achieve unrolling of the roller of the shift lever. In other words, the leading surface in the section with which it touches the shift lever or, if a roller is provided, on which the roller rolls, can initially move more strongly in the circumferential direction of the rotational movement of the decoupling lever and then more strongly, starting from a center line of the uncoupling lever extend radially inwards.

According to a particularly useful embodiment, the coupling and uncoupling device is designed for use in a Scharfenberg coupling.

The coupling and uncoupling device or a coupling, in particular a Scharfenberg coupling with a coupling and uncoupling device according to the invention, advantageously has at least one mechanical central buffer coupling and at least one electrical cable coupling, which can be at least indirectly coupled and / or uncoupled by turning the uncoupling lever.

The invention will be described below using an exemplary embodiment and the figures.

• 1 eine Ausführungsform gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
• 2 eine Ausgestaltung ausgehend von der 1 jedoch mit der erfindungsgemäßen Voranstellung des Schalthebels in der Drehrichtung des Entkuppelhebels;
• 3 eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Kuppel- und Entkuppelvorrichtung;
• 4 und 5 eine mögliche Gestaltung mit einem Entkuppelhebel, der ein Distanzstück trägt in jeweils einer Explosionsansicht.

Show it:

• 1 an embodiment according to the prior art;
• 2 a design based on the 1 However, with the shift lever positioned in advance in the direction of rotation of the decoupling lever according to the invention;
• 3 a schematic top view of a coupling and uncoupling device according to the invention;
• 4 and 5 a possible design with a decoupling lever that carries a spacer in an exploded view.

In the 2 Based on a schematic representation of a coupling and uncoupling device according to the invention, the force relationships that arise are shown in accordance with 1 shown. Corresponding reference numbers designate corresponding components. Here too, the uncoupling lever 1 can be rotated over the axis of rotation 2 in the area of a twist angle 3 between an uncoupling position 4 and a coupling position 5. A coupling ready position 6, which lies in the angular range between the uncoupling position 4 and the coupling position 5, but is positioned closer to the uncoupling position 4 than to the coupling position 5, is designated 6. In this state, two coupling halves 20, 21, as shown schematically in view a, can be coupled to one another by moving towards one another, with the uncoupling lever 1 being rotated into the coupling position 5. In the coupling position 5 of the uncoupling lever 1, the coupling halves 20, 21 are mechanically locked to transmit a tensile force and in the uncoupling position 4 of the uncoupling lever 1 they can be moved apart and released from one another.

The angles shown refer to the center line 7 of the uncoupling lever 1.

To detect whether the uncoupling lever 1 assumes its coupling position 5 or not, a limit switch 8 is again provided, comprising a shift lever 9 which can be rotated via a shift lever rotation axis 12, the lever arm 11 of which carries a roller 10 at the end remote from the shift lever rotation axis 12 Force receiving surface 14 forms, on which the stop surface 15 strikes when the uncoupling lever 1 is rotated.

In contrast to the design according to 1 However, here the lever arm 11 is angled starting from the longitudinal axis 22 of the limit switch 8 in the direction of the circumferential direction 23 of the rotational movement of the uncoupling lever 1 at the beginning of the actuation of the switching lever 9. This results in the shift lever 9 being positioned in advance in the undeflected position relative to the stop surface 15 in the direction of rotation of the uncoupling lever 1, that is to say the lever arm 11 forms an angle of less than 90° with the vector of the actuating force 17. This angle is in the 2 marked 24.

It results from the design according to 2 an actuation angle 19 of more than 10°, in particular more than 20, 30 or 40°.

In order to determine the end position or the detected end position of the uncoupling lever 1 by means of the limit switch 8 in the direction of rotation of the uncoupling lever 1 despite the preceding switching lever 9 in comparison to the embodiment according to 1 to maintain, the stop surface 15 is compared to the design according to 1 moved forward in the direction of rotation of the uncoupling lever 1. For this purpose, the uncoupling lever 1 has a spacer 25 which protrudes from the uncoupling position 4 into the coupling position 5 or the coupling ready position 6 into the coupling position 5 relative to the leading surface 26, based on the rotational movement of the uncoupling lever 1.

The spacer 25 can be designed integrally with the uncoupling lever 1. However, it is advantageously detachable or non-detachable as a separate component and, in particular, subsequently connected to the uncoupling lever 1. Such an embodiment is in the 3 shown, in which corresponding components are again numbered with corresponding reference numbers. Since the representation is largely that of the schematic representation of the 2 corresponds, the angles and forces were not drawn.

The advantageous embodiment of the spacer 25 from the 3 is also in the again 4 and 5 shown. As you can see, the spacer 25 is screwed onto the uncoupling lever 1. This makes it easy to retrofit an existing coupling and uncoupling device.

The spacer 25 has an arcuate leading surface 27, which forms the stop surface 15.

Furthermore, a pull wire 28 is connected to the free end of the uncoupling lever 1, for example via a take-up roller 29, as shown schematically in the 3 is shown in order to be able to operate the uncoupling lever 1 by pulling on the pull wire 28. To make pulling easier, as indicated schematically, a pull handle 30 can be provided at the free end of the pull wire 28. Of course, other operating options for the uncoupling lever 1 are possible.

In the 5 In addition, a shaft 31 is shown which is connected to the uncoupling lever 1 and runs along the axis of rotation 2. The coupling and uncoupling device or its couplings, for example mechanical coupling and electrical cable coupling, are actuated via this shaft 31 by turning the uncoupling lever 1.

Schematically, a rotary drive 32 is shown 5 shown, by means of which the uncoupling lever 1 can be operated automatically. The rotary drive 32 can be provided, for example, in the form of an electric motor, but also in the form of a linear switching lever, for example actuated by compressed air or hydraulics. However, other configurations of the rotary drive 32 are possible.

List of reference symbols

1

Uncoupling lever

2

Axis of rotation

3

Twist angle

4

Uncoupling position

5

Dome position

6

Coupling ready position

7

Centerline

8th

Limit switch

9

Shift lever

10

role

11

Lever arm

12

Shift lever rotation axis

13

Roller rotation axis

14

Force receiving surface

15

stop surface

16

Twist angle

17

Actuation force

18

Lever arm

19

Actuation angle

20

Coupling half

21

Coupling half

22

Longitudinal axis

23

Circumferential direction

24

angle

25

Spacer

26

leading surface

27

leading surface

28

Pull wire

29

Recording roll

30

Pull handle

31

Wave

32

drive

Claims (8)

Coupling and uncoupling device for rail vehicles 1.1 with an uncoupling lever (1) that can be driven manually and/or via an automatic drive (32), the uncoupling lever (1) being positioned over an axis of rotation (2) and over an angle of rotation (3) between an uncoupling position (4 ), in which the coupling and uncoupling device assumes a decoupled state, and a coupling position (5) in which the coupling and uncoupling device assumes a coupled state, is rotatable; 1.2 with a limit switch (8) which has a switching lever (9) for its operation, the switching lever (9) being arranged opposite the uncoupling lever (1) in such a way that when the uncoupling lever (1) is rotated from the uncoupling position (4) is actuated by displacement into the coupling position (5) at least in one end region of the twist angle (3), and 1.3 the shift lever (9) is rotatably mounted above a shift lever rotation axis (12) for its actuation, between a non-deflected position and a deflected position; characterized in that 1.4 the shift lever (9) in the undeflected position relative to a stop surface (15) which leads when the uncoupling lever (1) is rotated in the direction of the shift lever (9) and is assigned to the uncoupling lever (1) in the direction of rotation of the uncoupling lever (1) is preceded, wherein the uncoupling lever (1) carries a spacer (25) which runs in the direction of the shift lever (9) via an outer surface (26) of the uncoupling lever (1) that leads when the uncoupling lever (1) is rotated in the direction of the shift lever (9). ) protrudes and has an arcuate leading surface (27) which forms the stop surface (15). Coupling and uncoupling device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that an actuation angle (19) of the shift lever (9) is at least 10° or 15°, in particular at least 30° or 40°, the actuation angle (19) being defined as an angle between one in the circumferential direction (23) above the Axis of rotation (2) of the uncoupling lever (1) aligned vector of the rotational movement of the uncoupling lever (1) at the beginning of the actuation of the switching lever (9) and a vector in the direction of the introduction of force (17) into the switching lever (9), which is perpendicular to the stop surface ( 15) is at the start of operating the shift lever (9). Coupling and uncoupling device according to one of Claims 1 until 2 , characterized in that the shift lever (9) has a lever arm (11) extending from the shift lever rotation axis (12), which in the area of its end facing away from the shift lever rotation axis (12) has a force-receiving surface (14) for the uncoupling lever (1). Has stop surface (15). Coupling and uncoupling device according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the lever arm (11) has a rotatable roller (10) at its end facing away from the shift lever rotation axis (12), which forms the force-receiving surface (14). Coupling and uncoupling device according to one of the Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the uncoupling lever (1) has a pull wire (28) for its rotation, which is connected to the uncoupling lever (1) in the region of an end remote from the axis of rotation (2). Coupling and uncoupling device according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that the coupling and uncoupling device is designed to operate a clutch designed as a Scharfenberg clutch. Coupling and uncoupling device according to one of Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that the coupling and uncoupling device has at least one mechanical central buffer coupling and at least one electrical cable coupling, which can be at least indirectly coupled and/or uncoupled by turning the uncoupling lever (1). Coupling, in particular Scharfenberg coupling, with a coupling and uncoupling device according to one of Claims 1 until 7 .

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