DE102016205169A1 - Method of making a circuit (electronics), system and electrical connector thereto - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing an electrical or electronic circuit comprising a plurality of electrical and / or electronic components (7a, ...), wherein a printed circuit board (5) provided with a perforated grid (5-R) is used to connect electrical connections for electrical connection to one another the plurality of components (7a, ...), and wherein said board (5) for use with the plurality of components (7a, ...) is used, characterized in that by means of a screen (6) both in arranging the electrical connections as well as in the assembly one or more, visually perceptible positioning indicator (s) is / are given.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing electrical and / or electronic components having circuits of any kind, in particular for the prototypical structure of such circuits. Alternatively, such circuits are also referred to below as "electronics". Moreover, the invention relates to a system for such production ("kit" of individual components), which can be used in the context of such a method. Finally, the invention relates to electrical connectors which can be used in the context of such a method / system.

The prior art discloses a large number of manual production methods for constructing circuits (ie electronic products). In particular, methods are also known which offer visual support in such a construction or production. For example, be on US 3,052,842 . US 3,706,134 . US 3,611,544 . GB 2 118 545 . GB 1 185, 567 . DD 2 026 145 . DE 2 547 750 . DE 2 716 548 . US 6,916,211 and US 3,194,279 directed.

However, the known methods require a great deal of effort (time requirement), the use of a large number of different tools, the need for manual soldering processes and / or the problem of high error rates during manufacture (eg by incorrectly arranging electrical connections or incorrectly arranging by means of such connections connecting electrical or electronic components).

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a simple, fail-safe, portable method which uses few tools and which can be implemented quickly and easily and / or as far as possible avoids soldering processes (also: system), which can also be used by relatively inexperienced users put. Likewise, in the context of such a method / system usable electrical connectors are to be made available.

Hereinafter, the method, the system and the electrical connectors will be described first generally, then by way of an embodiment.

A method according to the invention is described in claim 1.

The circuit may have any topography of electrical connections of electrical and / or electronic components and any such components. As an alternative to the concept of the circuit, the term "electronics" is used briefly below. In particular, the circuit or electronics may be a test circuit and / or an electronic or circuit prototype.

The term of the board according to the invention is to be understood in a very general way: it does not have to (and usually does not have) any pre-printed electrical lines or the like. In the simplest case, a circuit board according to the invention is a simple, flat, non-conductive plate (eg of a plastic material, but also hard papers are possible as a material) with the holes or the holes of the perforated grid therein.

Under a breadboard is usually a two-dimensional grid (but in principle are also one or three-dimensional grid possible) understood. The board according to the main method claim is simplified referred to as a punched board. (Unless hereinafter referred to as a board, the circuit board from the main process or from the main system claim is always meant, in contrast to the adapter board, see below, which is always explicitly referred to as an adapter board.) In particular, it can the board is a breadboard or a breadboard.

A hole may be a through hole or a through hole, but it must be given no such complete opening of the board perpendicular to its board plane, but it can (especially when using a transparent board) also be a sink hole or a counterbore.

The assembly of the board with the components can in particular be carried out indirectly by means of an adapter board (which preferably likewise has a perforated grid, but it is also possible to use adapter boards which do not have a breadboard, but only individual bores not introduced in a regular grid). Indirectly means that the adapter board is provided on its surface remote from the board (top) with the components / is, in which case the adapter board as described below with its bottom placed on / on the board (especially: fixed) is. There are then usually electrical feedthroughs from the components through the adapter board through to the board. See also the following embodiment.

The board may be formed in two layers or consist of two separate, one-piece, with their respective hole pattern in alignment superposed sub-boards or contain such sub-boards. This serves to obtain a higher total thickness perpendicular to the board plane, so that Do not exit sections of the fixing elements of the electrical connector (see below) on the screen side from the holes of the board, so do not touch the screen.

The lower or lower sub-board may be made mechanically more stable than the upper or upper sub-board, so that upon insertion of the fixing elements in holes of the breadboard of the board (or the two sub-boards) resulting forces can be absorbed (screen protection, see below).

The electrical connection (wiring) of the components to be applied at different locations on the board by (preferably indirect) mounting preferably takes place via at least partially flexible or bendable electrical connectors (see main system claim), which preferably each comprise at least one electrical conductor (preferably at least electrically stripped in sections) eg may contain copper wire. The electrical connection or the establishment of an electrical connection or section (by means of one or more electrical connector (s)) is also referred to below as wiring. This does not mean, however, that the electrical connectors must contain wires. It can z. As well as several printed, partially rigid line sections, which together form an electrical conductor, can be used, even if flexible wires are advantageous.

Under a screen is usually any (usually in the form of a two-dimensional array or a two-dimensional grid trained) arrangement of individual image pixels understood, which are usually controlled independently of each other and thereby usually independently of each other individually lit up , This includes devices with electron beam based generation of a "pixel raster" (cathode ray tubes). In this case, in particular at arbitrary locations of the two-dimensional pixel grid, a plurality of individual pixels or even contiguous neighboring pixel groups can be lit simultaneously (or also one after the other). Screens can be used according to the invention, in particular in the form of a smartphone or a tablet.

As a shorthand synonym for "visually perceptible", the term "visual" is used below. As a rule, a positioning display is therefore a picture or image sequence that is displayed temporarily by the screen (ie over a defined period of time), as a rule two-dimensional image (s).

The arrangement of the electrical connections preferably takes place before the assembly.

When positioning the electrical connections, the optical positioning display generally takes place with the aim of correct positioning of parts or of subsections (in particular: of pins and conductor or wire sections, see the following exemplary embodiment) of the electrical connections. The optical positioning display takes place during assembly usually with the aim of correct positioning of the components (and / or possibly used for this adapter boards) relative to each other and / or relative to the board.

Advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 2.

In the following, a manual method or a manual production method visualized by means of the screen is also referred to below. (In particular, the embodiment shows such a method.)

In principle, however, it is also conceivable (although not in the focus of the invention) to carry out or form the method or the system according to the invention robotically or as a robotized handling system, ie by means of a robot or robots.

In the latter variant, the screen, the optical (n) positioning display (s) also z. B. in the infrared range (IR) (unlike the manual method, which usually requires a screen display in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, ie approximately between 380 nm and 750 nm, since a user must watch the screen display).

The implementation of the given visual display (s) into concrete steps of arranging electrical connections and / or placement may be performed in the robotic method / system by transmitting the optical positioning indicator (s) over, for example, an IR-sensitive (s). Camera system (s) is evaluated / and be implemented in corresponding movement instructions for the robotized handling system (or for handling members of the same) / be. The move instructions then perform the appropriate handling steps that are manually performed by the user in the manual procedure.

Further advantageously realizable features are given in claim 3.

For the already mentioned and all subsequent dependent claims, the features of the same apply in any manner (in the Frame of the claim structure) can be combined. In particular, individual features of a dependent claim may also be omitted or otherwise combined with features of other dependent claims as described in the dependent claims.

According to the first step, the board and the screen are first fixed relative to each other. This is usually done so that the display level of the screen and the board level come to lie parallel and that the user through the hole pattern or the holes of the breadboard of the board through pixels of the screen can see. In this way, if the image pixels lying behind the holes (viewed from opposite side of the board) are illuminated with the screen, the user can display the pixels thus illuminated as a positioning indicator of the positions of the corresponding holes (or if a single hole of the corresponding hole is illuminated) Hole). If a transparent board is used, such a positioning indicator can be perceived through the bottom of a countersunk hole in the board, and then no holes that completely break through the board are necessary. If the board consists of two sub-boards, the screen can be fixed to the sub-board which is positioned on the side facing away from the electrical conductor of the electrical connector (see below) or on the side facing away from the adapter board (see below).

The fixing can be done for example by means of a temporary adhesion-promoting layer (for example: adhesive layer or Velcro or adhesive tape). But there are also other, purely mechanical means, such. As brackets, clamps or the like, for fixing the board on the screen (or vice versa) can be used.

According to the second step, preferably exactly two holes in the board are highlighted visually perceptible (pairwise highlighting). Iteratively, see below, such pairwise highlighting can then be successively continued to build up further electrical connections by maintaining the emphasis on precisely one of the two holes already highlighted while terminating the highlighting of the other hole in the screen display, and thereafter exactly another, not identical with these two holes hole is visually highlighted in the screen (so that a new pair of holes is highlighted).

This is advantageous because ambiguities over the course of the electrical connection (s) to be arranged can thus be avoided.

However, more than two holes (for example, three holes) can be highlighted visually perceptible. For example, three (or even more) holes can be highlighted at the same time, when the user knows from additional information how to electrically connect (more particularly in which order) the more than two holes by means of one or more electrical connections are. Such additional information can be given in particular on the screen by z. B. numbers in the area of the hole openings are displayed (if the hole diameter in the board is sufficiently large) or by using a color code, ie z. B. a positioning display by means of a color code, the stepwise or hole-wise changes from lighter to darker according to the number of holes to be highlighted simultaneously.

The order can also be indicated by a line always visually indicating the holes to be connected. This is a particularly advantageous embodiment.

It is also possible to visually emphasize three or more holes successively in time, wherein the (temporal) emphasis order indicates the order in which the electrical connection (s) to be arranged are to be arranged.

According to the third step, arranging the electrical connection (s) by inserting, in particular inserting, an electrical connector or fixing elements thereof into the holes of the optically highlighted positions can take place in such a way that the electrical connector or its fixing elements in / on the perforated grid resp in / fixed to the board is / are (see embodiment).

According to the fourth step, the mounting of the board (or the fixing elements arranged therein after the third step or steps, see below) can be effected indirectly, for example by already fixing components to one or more adapter boards and by mounting the adapter board (FIG. n) is then electrically connected to the components fixed thereto with the introduced into the board fixing elements / are. In this case, the adapter board (s) is / are preferably mechanically fastened to the fixing elements. The electrically conductive connection of the components with the fixing elements can be realized via holes of the hole pattern of the adapter board with electrically conductive hole walls.

In this way, for example, an electrically conductive connection can be realized by a first, mechanically fixed to an adapter board component via such a hole in this adapter board, via a first fixing element, via an electrically connected to the latter electrical conductor of the electrical connector to another electrically connected to this electrical conductor fixing element and from there via another hole in the aforementioned adapter board (or in another, second adapter board) to a second component (which is either also fixed on the former adapter board or on another adapter board) ,

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 4.

Thus, according to the invention, an iterative highlighting and arranging (finally followed by a loading or loading operation) can take place. In particular, pairs of holes consecutive in time can be displayed as follows: In a current second step, one of the holes highlighted in the previous second step is no longer highlighted (the other hole of a pair of holes remains highlighted). Instead of the no longer highlighted hole, a "new", d. H. previously not highlighted hole highlighted. Between the hole pair newly highlighted in this way in the current second step, an electrical connection can then be arranged in the current third step following the current second step. In this way, successive pairwise plugging several electrical connections (or electrical connection sections of an electrical connection) is possible.

Of course, a combination of a second and a third step may also be performed multiple times (iteratively) before a single placement process (fourth step) takes place, before a combination of a second and a third step is performed several times before again a fourth step or a loading process takes place, etc.

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claims 5 and 6.

It is thus possible to display the order of a wiring. In addition, there is the possibility of calibration (calibration), i. the orientation of the holes relative to the display of the screen.

A system according to the invention can be found in claim 7.

The system can be used or used as described in and to the main claim of the method for a method according to the invention. Such a system represents a kit with whose individual components a method according to the invention can be carried out.

A screen typically includes a controller. A screen, in particular its control device, can be designed (program-controlled or hardware-based) such that the positioning display (s) (in particular by driving the pixels / display elements of the screen by means of this control device) are displayed on the screen or on the screen display surface. is produced as an optically perceptible (usually) two-dimensional image (s).

The screen is preferably the screen of a smartphone, a tablet, a notebook or a personal computer or such a device is used as the screen according to the invention. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to display the positioning display (s) by means of a "virtual reality" lens (VR glasses) as a screen. The term of the screen is thus to be understood according to the invention very broad. "Give" and "Display" a positioning display or a position is used synonymously according to the invention.

Advantageously realizable system features can be found in claims 8 and 9.

In claim 9, the "and" variant is preferred. The mechanical fixing can be positive, force and / or cohesive. In particular, a non-positive or force and form-locking fixing by pressing the fixing elements or sections (ends) of the same done in the holes of the board. The fixing elements are, after their electrical connection by means of the electrical conductor and its mechanical fixation in / on the board or the holes of the grid of the board, formed and positioned to electrically connect the components together. This electrical connection is usually done indirectly via one or more adapter board (s) that carries the components / wear, the electrical connections between the components and the fixing elements by means of metal-coated holes of the adapter board (s) can be realized (see below ).

According to the system claims 8 and 9, the electrical conductor may in particular be an electrical cable, preferably an at least partially stripped, electrically conductive wire or the like. The electrical conductor is preferably at least partially flexible and / or bendable. He prefers a predefined total length denoted by l.

The fixing elements may be pins in particular. The fixing may in particular be a positive and / or non-positive fixing (possibly additionally or alternatively also a material-locking fixing, eg with an adhesive): an insertion, a pinching, a pinching, ... such pins possible. In the electrically conductively connected state (by the electrical conductor of a connector) of the fixing elements of a connector, the fixing elements of the connector are preferably also mechanically interconnected by the electrical conductor of this connector. Preferably, the connectors are provided in such a way that the fixing elements are mechanically fixed to the electrical conductor at regular intervals (in this case, but must not be given, displaceability of the fixing elements along the electrical conductor). If the electrical conductor or all subsections (in each case along the electrical conductor seen between two immediately consecutive, ie adjacent fixing elements lying portions of the electrical conductor) of the same in the "extended" state is present / present (ie with seen in one direction maximum extended length) , are seen in this direction and along the electrical conductor, all fixation elements lined up (ie in pairs in defined distances from each other positioned). These pairwise distances may or may not be constant.

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 10 system.

In this case, preferably, the holes of the hole pattern of the adapter board on their walls in each case at least partially coated so with an electrically conductive material (for example: copper) that the wall coating of such a hole in each case forms such an electrical contact of the adapter board. This can contact the electrical contact of exactly one fixing element after the introduction of the fixing element in the hole electrically.

For this purpose, the entire fixing element can be formed as an electrical contact. It is also possible to form only sections of such a fixing element (in particular: an upper section thereof or an upper end thereof) as electrical contact.

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 11.

This is in particular via positive and / or positive press-fitting of the two ends of one or more fixing elements (s) a mechanical, adhesive and solderless and reversible connection between the board and the adapter board produced. This is done by (in the case of several fixing elements seen) for each fixing element in each case the first end is inserted into a hole of the breadboard of the board and the second, this first end opposite end in this hole of the breadboard of the board corresponding opposite hole of the Lochrasters the adapter board is introduced.

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 12.

Preference is given to the "and" variant.

The hole pattern of the board (or the hole pattern of those sub-board, which is facing the adapter board to be arranged) and the hole pattern of the adapter board can thus mechanically via the / the electrical connector (in particular via the fixing of the same) connected to each other and on or each other be fixed. Preferably, a spacer of the fixing elements (lying between the two ends of the fixing elements) ensures that a space remains between the board (or sub-board) and the adapter board. The electrical conductor (s) of the electrical connector (s) can then run in this intermediate space.

For the electrically conductive connection of (electrical and / or electronic) components to electrical connectors, the holes of the adapter board (s) are preferably provided with an electrically conductive coating on the wall sections surrounding them. The arrangement of the components on / on the adapter board (s) usually means a mechanical fixing (for example by soldering) of the components on the side facing away from the board to be positioned surface of the adapter board. Preferably, therefore, one or more components are fixed in advance to (respectively) a defined position on such an adapter board.

In this way, electrically conductive or conductive connections of components to one another or to one another can be produced not only via the electrical connector (s) alone, but in particular via adapter plates which are mechanically and electrically connected to the latter on the one hand and the components on the other hand (the electrical connections preferably over the metallized holes of the hole pattern of the adapter boards).

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 13.

Preference is given to the "and" variant. The hole size comprises in particular the hole diameter (in the board plane) and / or the hole depth (perpendicular to the board plane). The pitch includes the spacing (s) between the centers of immediately adjacent holes in one or more dimensions. For example, in the case of the circuit board as well as the adapter board in two-dimensional hole grids (seen in Cartesian coordinates (x, y)) in the x-direction and in the y-direction equal pitch center distances can be provided (so that a regular, preferably in the form of a square mesh present, breadboard results), but also different Lochzentrenabstände be provided.

However, such an identity need not be given: For example, with an adapter board, the hole diameter may also be smaller than with the board, with otherwise identical pitches (this may be caused for example by the thickness of the electrically conductive coating on the hole walls of the adapter board). Accordingly, the ends of the fixing elements are to be adapted in terms of their diameter so that one end can be fixed in the holes of the adapter board and the other end in the holes of the board.

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 14.

With particular preference, both sub-boards are also identical with regard to all other properties (material, thickness of the sub-board perpendicular to the sub-board plane, shape and extent (s) in the respective sub-board plane,...).

The two (thin) sub-boards are preferably parallel to each other and fixed to each other (in aligned hole grids of the two sub-boards) that results in a total thickness D of Platinentupels perpendicular to the platinum levels, which is greater than the extension of those sections of the fixing elements (in particular: the first ends of the fixing elements designed as press-fit pins), which are designed for insertion into and for mechanical fixing in the holes of the perforated grid of the platinum tuple. This has the advantage that the inserted fixing elements do not touch the screen.

The lower sub-board can (especially to protect the screen) absorb forces occurring during pressing of the fixing elements in this sub-board.

Of course, it is also sufficient to use a single, integrally formed board, provided that this has a sufficient total thickness D relative to the extent of the fixing elements.

Further advantageously realizable features can be found in claim 15.

Examples of plastics are: polycarbonate (brand name "Makrolon") or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate or plexiglass). Also preferred transparent silicones are used. Preferred requirements are: transparency, temperature stability and mechanical properties (stability). There may also be applications where some mechanical flexibility is desirable. This can be achieved by said silicones, which are also available transparently.

Electrical connector according to the invention is described in claim 16.

The fixing elements can therefore also be contacting elements at the same time. Advantageously realizable connector features can be found in claim 17.

In addition, the fixing elements on spacers can realize a certain distance between the board and adapter board (s), so that a volume is created in which the already wired cables (ie the electrical conductors) can be safely stowed.

The invention thus describes a method for the preferably manual production of electronics. On the one hand, the method solves the wiring of the components in accordance with a circuit diagram and also the assembly of the components or with electronic components.

• • Ein Display (Bildschirm), vorzugsweise das Display eines Smartphones oder eines Handys.
• • Eine obere Teilplatine bzw. ein Lochraster (nachfolgend wird der Begriff des Lochrasters z.T. auch für die Platine bzw. eine Teilplatine selbst verwendet; der Fachmann weiß jeweils, was genau gemeint ist) mit standardisiertem regelmäßigem Lochabstand. Als Variante ist/sind die Platine(n) transparent ausgeführt, damit Anweisungen auf dem Display überall visualisiert werden können. Als Variante handelt es sich bei dem Lochraster um eine dichte, dreieckige Anordnung. Als Variante handelt es sich um eine quadratische Anordnung der Löcher.
• • Eine untere Teilplatine (nachfolgend alternativ auch als Lochrasteraufnahme bezeichnet), um das Durchstecken von Pins zu ermöglichen, ohne dass der Pin das Display berührt. Als Variante ist diese Aufnahme nicht nötig, indem die (dann einzige) Platine selbst dick genug ausgeführt ist, sodass ein Einpressen eines Pins nicht das Display beschädigen kann.
• • Eine haftvermittelnde Schicht zwischen Display und Lochrasteraufnahme (bzw. der einzigen Platine), beispielsweise doppelseitiges Klebeband oder Klettband nach dem bionischen Prinzip des Geckos oder mittels eines Saugnapfs.
• • Verbindungsdrähte (elektrische Leiter), welche elektrisch verbundene Pins haben. Diese können sowohl endlos, als auch in abgelängter Form vorliegen. Die Pins erlauben zum einen ein Einstecken in das Lochraster mit einem mechanischen Effekt, der verhindert, dass der Pin durch leichtes Ziehen am Draht des Pins wieder aus dem Loch des Lochraster gezogen wird. Zum anderen hat der Pin mindestens einen weiteren elektrischen Kontakt, der eine elektrische Kontaktierung mit einer Leiterbahnplatine (Adapterplatine) mit Löchern ermöglicht. Als Variante ist der Pin als Press-Fit-Pin ausgeführt, sodass eine lot-freie Verbindung ermöglicht wird. Die Einpresskraft ermöglicht zudem, dass sich ein Pin nicht unbeabsichtigt aus seiner Position löst.
• • Elektronische Komponenten auf (einer) Adapterplatine(n). Die Adapterplatine(n) hat/haben Löcher, die auf das Lochraster der Platine bzw. der Teilplatinen passen und die eine elektrische Kontaktierung und mechanische Halterung der Adapterplatine(n) erlauben. Auf der/den Adapterplatine(n) ist/sind bereits das/die entsprechende(n) Bauteil(e) enthalten, so dass der Benutzer keine kleinen SMD-Lötungen vornehmen muss.

The following system components are preferably given in order to use the process of the invention particularly advantageously:

• • A display (screen), preferably the display of a smartphone or a mobile phone.
• • An upper sub-board or a hole pattern (hereinafter the term of the hole pattern is sometimes also used for the board or a sub-board itself, the skilled person knows what exactly is meant) with standardized regular hole spacing. As a variant, the board (s) is / are transparent so that instructions on the display can be visualized everywhere. As a variant, the grid of holes is a dense, triangular arrangement. As a variant, it is a square arrangement of the holes.
• • A lower sub-board (also referred to below as a hole-scanning receptacle) to allow pin insertion without the pin touching the display. As a variant is This recording is not necessary by the (then only) board itself is made thick enough so that a pressing a pin can not damage the display.
• • An adhesion-promoting layer between the display and the perforated grid holder (or the only board), for example double-sided adhesive tape or Velcro tape according to the bionic principle of the gecko or a suction cup.
• • Connecting wires (electrical conductors), which have electrically connected pins. These can be both endless and cut-to-length. The pins allow one to plug into the breadboard with a mechanical effect that prevents the pin is pulled by gently pulling the wire of the pin back out of the hole grid hole. On the other hand, the pin has at least one further electrical contact, which allows an electrical contact with a printed circuit board (adapter board) with holes. As a variant, the pin is designed as a press-fit pin, so that a lot-free connection is made possible. The insertion force also allows a pin not accidentally released from its position.
• • Electronic components on (an) adapter board (s). The adapter board (s) has holes that fit on the breadboard of the board or sub-boards and allow electrical contacting and mechanical retention of the adapter board (s). The adapter (s) already contain the corresponding component (s) so that the user does not have to make small SMD soldering.

• 1. Eingabe eines Schaltplanes in eine Software. Die Software erhält dadurch die Information, welche elektronischen Bauteile verwendet werden und wie diese verdrahtet werden müssen.
• 2. Anordnung der elektronischen Bauteile in einer Software. Die einzelnen elektronischen Komponenten/Bauteile (es sind zusätzlich auch nicht elektronische Bauteile/Komponenten zwecks mechanischer Halterungen denkbar), werden auf einem Standardraster angeordnet, um die spätere Lage zu definieren. Dazu wird beispielsweise in einer Software jeweils ein Bauteil angezeigt und der Bediener/Benutzer aufgefordert, dieses zu platzieren. Als Variante wird die Anordnung mit einem Optimierungsalgorithmus unterstützt. Dadurch wird schon bei der Anordnung darauf geachtet, dass eine spätere Verdrahtung mit kurzen Kabeln möglich ist, indem maximal zulässige Verdrahtungsabstände eingehalten werden. Dazu werden dem Bediener z.B. mögliche gültige Positionen visualisiert und andere z.B. ausgegraut. Eine weitere Variante umfasst eine vollautomatisierte Bauteilanordnung, bei der der Bediener auf einzelne Bauteile Einfluss nehmen kann. Beispielsweise legt der Bediener fest, dass der USB-Stecker an einer bestimmten Seite der Elektronik sein soll. Der Optimierungsalgorithmus beachtet dann diese Nebenbedingung und legt die restlichen Positionen der Bauteile fest.
• 3. Kalibrieren der Lochrasteraufnahme auf dem Display. Dazu wird die Lochrasteraufnahme beispielsweise mit doppelseitigem Klebeband auf dem Display fixiert. Eine Software fordert den Benutzer auf, einen visualisierten Punkt, welcher ungefähr die Abmessungen eines Lochs der Lochrasterplatine hat, in einem Loch in der Ecke der Lochrasteraufnahme zu platzieren. Dieser Vorgang wird noch einmal für die gegenüberliegende Ecke vorgenommen. Da die Gesamtanzahl der Löcher bekannt ist, kann die Software die Lochpositionen aus diesem Kalibrier-Vorgang interpolieren. Als Eingabegerät kann dazu eine Maus angeschlossen werden, oder es kann ein Touchscreen verwendet werden. Dazu ist die Lochrasteraufnahme entsprechen kleiner als die Touch-Oberfläche, damit eine Interaktion möglich ist. Als Variante könne auch die Inertialsensoren eines Smartphones verwendet werden, indem beispielsweise durch Kippen ein Kalibrierpunkt in die richtige Position gebracht wird. Dies ist ähnlich von der Bedienung, als wenn ein Wassertropfen durch Kippen an eine Position gesteuert werden soll. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann somit computerunterstützt arbeiten bzw. rechnerunterstützt durchgeführt werden.
• 4. In einer optionalen Variante erfolgt nun ein Aufbringen von Markierungen. In einer vorteilhaften Variante werden hierbei in einem ersten Arbeitsschritt Markierungen auf die Lochrasterplatine aufgebracht, beispielsweise mit einem Stift. Anhand der Markierungen können beispielsweise die maximalen Abmessungen der Elektronik aufgebracht werden. Anhand solcher Markierungen kann anschließend oder in einem nächsten Schritt die Lochrasterplatine mit z.B. einer geeigneten Säge auf die Endabmessungen zugeschnitten werden. Ein ähnliches Vorgehen ist für Bohrungen sinnvoll. In einer Variante können auch später vorzunehmende Lötbrücken markiert werden. Diese können sinnvoll sein, da eine Verdrahtung mit einer standardisierten Drahtlänge unter Umständen zu lang ist. Ein zu langer Draht kann bei hohen Schaltfrequenzen zu nachteiligen Induktionen führen und die elektrische Funktionalität stören. Eine Lötbrücke überbrückt in diesem Fall die Drahtverbindung.
• 5. Stecken der elektrischen Verbindungen. Auf dem Display werden die Positionen angezeigt, die alle elektrisch verbunden werden sollen. Als Visualisierung wird zum einen das Loch, in das ein Pin eingebracht werden muss, am Display beispielsweise in weißer Farbe beleuchtet. Um diesen Prozess zu unterstützen werden die umgebenden Löcher am Display beispielsweise in rot beleuchtet, um einen fehlerhaft platzierten Pin schnell zu erkennen. In diesem Fall wäre nach dem Steck-Vorgang ein weißer Punkt neben dem Pin sichtbar und ein roter Punkt würde als Nachbar fehlen. In der Variante eines transparenten Lochrasters kann zudem der nächste zu steckende Punkt mit einer Verbindungslinie visualisiert werden. Dadurch ist die Reihenfolge der zu steckenden Verbindungen leicht ersichtlich und es kann die zu steckende Reihenfolge hinsichtlich der maximal benötigten Drahtlänge vorab optimiert werden. Eine Variante umfasst steckbare Pins, welche einen gewissen Abstand zwischen der/den später eingesteckten Adapterplatine(n) und der Platine bzw. dem Lochraster ermöglichen. Dadurch können Durchgangsloch-Bauteile/Komponenten auf den Adapterplatinen verwendet werden. Diese ragen nach dem Einlöten in eine Adapterplatine nach unten heraus und werden anschließend abgeknipst. Da diese trotz des Abknipsens etwas unten herausragen, ist es vorteilhaft, einen gewissen Abstand dafür vorzusehen, der durch den Pin realisiert wird. Der Abstandshalter ermöglicht gleichzeitig eine gewisse Fläche zum Kontaktieren der Pins mit einem Draht.
• 6. Platzieren der Adapterplatine(n). Die verwendeten Bauteile sind auf einer oder mehrere Adapterplatine(n) aufgebracht. Die Visualisierung, wo welche Adapterplatine zu platzieren ist, kann auf unterschiedliche Weise geschehen. Zum einen kann die Lochrasterplatine vom Display entfernt werden und in einer schrittweisen Darstellung wird sukzessive ein Bauteil nach dem anderen hinzugefügt. Als Hilfe zur Platzierung sind die Bauteile dicht nebeneinander platziert, so dass die relative Lage der Bauteile zueinander eine ausreichende Orientierung ermöglicht. In der Ausführungsvariante einer nicht-transparenten Lochrasterplatine können an den Seiten die x- und y-Koordinaten angezeigt werden, bzw. gegebenenfalls auch Löcher, welche nicht durch einen Pin verdeckt sind, zur axialen und vertikalen Anzeige der Bauteilposition genutzt werden. In der Variante einer transparenten Lochrasterplatine kann die Lage der Bauteile direkt an der Stelle, wo die Adapterplatine platziert werden muss, angezeigt werden. Beispielsweise indem ein Foto des Bauteils angezeigt wird. Die Anzeige erfolgt dabei jeweils am Bildschirm (Display)
• 7. Optionaler Verfahrensschritt Löten: Um eine feste mechanische Verbindung zu schaffen, können die Steckverbindungen nachträglich gelötet werden. Entweder durch manuelles Löten mit einem Lötkolben unter Zugabe von Lötdraht oder durch sogenanntes Reflowlöten. In einer Variante werden dazu die Adapterplatinen zuvor mit Niedrigtemperatur-Lötpads versehen, beispielsweise wird eine Bismuth-Zinn Legierung mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 137 Grad verwendet. In diesem Fall kann ein Haushaltsofen verwendet werden, wenn das Lochraster und alle Bauelemente zumindest kurzzeitig eine Temperatur von ca. 150 Grad überstehen. Als Material für ein transparentes Lochraster empfiehlt sich beispielsweise Polystyrol. Die Verwendung eines Niedrigtemperatur-Lötzinns hat den Vorteil, dass für die elektronischen Bauteile ein Standard-Lötzinn mit höherer Schmelztemperatur verwendet werden kann. In diesem Fall wird die Lötverbindung der elektronischen Komponenten auf den Adapterplatinen nicht erneut aufgeschmolzen, sodass keine neuen Fehler auftreten können.

Preferably, the method of the invention comprises the following steps:

• 1. Input of a circuit diagram in a software. The software receives the information about which electronic components are used and how they have to be wired.
• 2. Arrangement of the electronic components in a software. The individual electronic components / components (in addition, non-electronic components / components for the purpose of mechanical mounts are also conceivable) are arranged on a standard grid in order to define the later position. For this purpose, for example, a component is displayed in a software and the operator / user is prompted to place it. As a variant, the arrangement is supported with an optimization algorithm. As a result, it is already ensured in the arrangement that a subsequent wiring with short cables is possible by maximum permissible wiring distances are maintained. For this, the operator is visualized, for example, possible valid positions and others grayed out, for example. Another variant comprises a fully automated component arrangement in which the operator can influence individual components. For example, the operator determines that the USB connector should be on a particular side of the electronics. The optimization algorithm then considers this constraint and sets the remaining positions of the components.
• 3. Calibrate the hole pattern recording on the display. For this purpose, the hole grid holder is fixed, for example, with double-sided adhesive tape on the display. Software prompts the user to place a visualized point, which is approximately the size of a hole in the breadboard, in a hole in the corner of the breadboard receptacle. This process is done once again for the opposite corner. Since the total number of holes is known, the software can interpolate the hole positions from this calibration process. As an input device can be connected to a mouse, or it can be used a touch screen. For this purpose, the hole grid recording is correspondingly smaller than the touch surface, so that an interaction is possible. As an alternative, the inertial sensors of a smartphone can also be used, for example by tilting a calibration point in the correct position. This is similar to the operation, as if a drop of water to be controlled by tilting to a position. The method according to the invention can thus be computer-assisted or computer-aided.
• 4. In an optional variant, an application of markings now takes place. In an advantageous variant, markings are applied to the breadboard in a first step, for example with a pin. For example, the maximum dimensions of the electronics can be applied by means of the markings. On the basis of such markings, the perforated board can then be cut to the final dimensions with, for example, a suitable saw, or in a next step. A similar procedure is useful for drilling. In one variant, later to be undertaken solder bridges can be marked. These can make sense, since a wiring with a standardized wire length may be too long. Too long a wire can lead to adverse inductions at high switching frequencies and disturb the electrical functionality. A solder bridge bridges the wire connection in this case.
• 5. Plug in the electrical connections. The display shows the positions that should all be electrically connected. As a visualization, on the one hand, the hole in which a pin has to be inserted, for example, is illuminated in white on the display. To support this process the surrounding holes in the display, for example, illuminated in red to quickly detect a badly placed pin. In this case, a white dot next to the pin would be visible after the plug-in process and a red dot would be missing as a neighbor. In the variant of a transparent perforated grid, the next point to be inserted can also be visualized with a connecting line. As a result, the order of the connections to be inserted is easily apparent and it can be optimized in advance the order to be inserted in terms of the maximum required wire length. A variant includes plug-in pins, which allow a certain distance between the later inserted adapter board (s) and the board or the hole grid. This allows through hole components / components to be used on the adapter boards. These protrude after soldering in an adapter board down and are then clicked off. Since these protrude slightly below the cut-off, it is advantageous to provide a certain distance therefor, which is realized by the pin. The spacer also allows a certain area for contacting the pins with a wire.
• 6. Place the adapter board (s). The components used are mounted on one or more adapter board (s). The visualization of where to place which adapter board can be done in different ways. On the one hand, the breadboard can be removed from the display and one component at a time is successively added one after the other. As an aid to the placement of the components are placed close to each other, so that the relative position of the components to each other sufficient orientation allows. In the embodiment variant of a non-transparent perforated printed circuit board, the x and y coordinates can be displayed on the sides, or, if appropriate, also holes which are not covered by a pin can be used for the axial and vertical display of the component position. In the variant of a transparent perforated board, the position of the components can be displayed directly at the location where the adapter board must be placed. For example, by displaying a photo of the component. The display takes place on the screen (display)
• 7. Optional process step Soldering: In order to create a solid mechanical connection, the connectors can be subsequently soldered. Either by manual soldering with a soldering iron with the addition of solder wire or by so-called reflow soldering. In a variant, the adapter boards are previously provided with low-temperature solder pads, for example, a bismuth-tin alloy is used with a melting point of 137 degrees. In this case, a household oven can be used if the hole pattern and all components at least briefly survive a temperature of about 150 degrees. For example, polystyrene is recommended as the material for a transparent perforated grid. The use of a low-temperature solder has the advantage that a standard solder with a higher melting temperature can be used for the electronic components. In this case, the solder connection of the electronic components on the adapter boards is not remelted, so that no new errors can occur.

The method or system according to the invention and the electrical connector according to the invention have in particular the following advantages.

• 1. Visuelle Unterstützung beim Verdrahten und beim Bestücken
• 2. Verwendung eines Smartphones oder Tablets möglich
• 3. Kalibrierung ist möglich
• 4. Anzeige der Verdrahtungsreihenfolge ist möglich
• 5. Transparentes Lochraster kann verwendet werden
• 6. Draht mit Pins.

Especially important advantages are

• 1. Visual support during wiring and loading
• 2. Use of a smartphone or tablet possible
• 3. Calibration is possible
• 4. Wiring order display is possible
• 5. Transparent hole pattern can be used
• 6. wire with pins.

Instead of a transparent perforated grid, it is also possible to simply use a standard hard paper perforated grid.

Wire and pin (at the electrical connector) do not need to be connected directly, but an electrical connector can also be used as follows: first lay a paint wire directly to a displayed position and then press in a special pin which firstly pushes the wire Wire contacted and on the other hand allows a contact with the adapter board.

• • Der sogenannte Maker-Markt, auf dem ein Einsatz der Erfindung im privaten Umfeld stattfindet.
• • Der Bildungs-Markt, indem die Erfindung in der Lehre mit Bezug zur Elektronik eingesetzt wird.
• • Der sog. Business-to-Business Markt, bei dem das Verfahren in Unternehmen zum Einsatz kommt (Prototypenerstellung etc.).

As commercial markets are interesting:

• • The so-called maker market, on which the use of the invention takes place in a private environment.
• The educational market, using the invention in teaching related to electronics.
• • The so-called business-to-business market, where the process is used in companies (prototyping etc.).

The proposed method of producing electronics manually enables the operator to produce professional electronics of small dimensions in a short time.

Very advantageous is a visual support in building using a Smartphone / tablet displays and minimal use of tools.

For the construction are advantageously used: a smartphone / tablet, a breadboard base plate, a breadboard substrate, wired connector (pins) with two plug contacts and electrical components on adapter boards. The board and / or the adapter board may have a 2.54 mm (or 1.27 mm) 2D pitch. The board and / or the adapter board may contain mainly holes without electrical traces and mainly serve for mechanical recording of the plug contacts. (In principle, the adapter board may also have holes formed purely for mechanical reception, for example, portions of the fixing elements.) However, holes in the adapter board which (also) serve as electrical contacts are essential here.)

The invention describes a method for the preferably manual production of electronics. The invention solves the technical problem of visually indicating to the operator in manual production the exact positions of the wirings and components. This makes it possible to manually manufacture electronics in a visually assisted manufacturing process. So far, at least two different workplaces with different tools were necessary. This solves the problem that manual production of electronics is possible with minimal tooling and associated minimal cost.

The visual support in particular enables untrained operators to independently set up an electronic system on their own. The combination of visual support with the minimal use of tools results in the special effect that
the method can be used in particular in educational institutions and in the private sphere. Especially in situations where hitherto the high tool costs and the increased training effort, due to the large number of tools required, a use did not allow.

In addition, the technical of a mobile application is solved. So far, a mobile use was due to the large number of tools required only very limited. The invention thus solves the technical problem of a portable manufacturing process for electronics. In particular, this allows the use of an electronic manufacturing process on expeditions, in rapidly changing premises (e.g., different classrooms) or traveling (e.g., space mission). The mobile application also allows a local craftsman to renew a defective electronics, so that significant time can be saved.

In addition, the technical problem is solved that the total time for manual production decreases. Using only one tool eliminates the time required to change from the wiring to the component positioning tool.

In addition, the problem of storage space for the production tool is solved because the invention takes up significantly less space, which effectively saves costs.

In addition, the problem of the comparatively large dimensions of a manually produced electronics is solved. By using adapter boards, which in turn can incorporate the smallest machine-made electronics, in combination with a standardized pitch of typically 2.54 mm (others are also possible) and the proposed wiring method, which allows very flexible and tight wiring, the result special effect that the resulting electronics have a much smaller footprint.

In addition, the technical problem of manual production of a tight electrical contact is solved. Due to the use of resilient or press-fit connections, no subsequent manual soldering process is necessary. This results in the special effect that the manually introduced contact points can be placed very densely, since a subsequent accessibility for the purpose of soldering process is not necessary. In combination with the proposed multiple wirings, complex dense wirings can also be achieved.

In the production of a prototypical electronics and electrical connections must be made with more than two plug-in points. The proposed visualization by means of a transparent perforated grid visualizes the order of the wiring to the user. As a result, the length of the connecting wires can be optimized in advance in an algorithm. This has the special technical effect that shorter connecting wires can be used. If one were to leave the user to decide in which order the connection is to be made, then from a certain number of connections it can be expected that a non-optimal order will be selected. In this case, it follows that the distance of a connection becomes longer than the connection cable is long. In this case, the user can not continue the wiring and must start over again until he has solved the problem by trial and error. This is especially true not possible when untrained users use the procedure, such as children. That is, the invention solves the problem of short standardized connection cables.

Each cable induces an inductance, which has a negative effect on electronics, especially at high switching frequencies. Thus, the cable length must be chosen as short as possible from a technical point of view. The invention solves this problem in three ways: Firstly, an optimal path can take this into account in an optimization calculation. On the other hand, it can be signaled to the user in the optimization already when arranging the components that two components have been positioned too far from one another, since the connection between them can not take place with the standardized connection wire. In addition, in this case, a later non-contacted intermediate connection can be inserted, so that effectively a twice as long connection between two components to be contacted is made possible.

In addition, the technical problem of handling the sometimes very small SMD components (SMD stands for surface mounted device) is solved in a manual manufacturing process. By using adapter boards, it is possible to handle even the smallest components.

The proposed method can be realized as a variant embodiment with press-fit pins, whereby an easy reuse of the electronic components is possible.

The invention thus provides a preferably manual manufacturing method for producing electronics with visual positioning display both in the wiring, as well as in the assembly. Advantage: faster work, lower investment, lower hurdle to training.

Another technical feature is the display of the wiring order, as this allows an optimization of the wire length. Effect: Relief of the operator who would otherwise have to take this step in the head. Advantage: Faster working. It can be effectively worked with shorter wires. Inductive influences on the electronic function are reduced. The user does not have to think about optimal wiring in the head. Untrained operators can use the procedure.

Another technical feature is a transparent hole pattern. Effect: After a wiring has been made and the holes are mostly obscured, information can still be displayed visually. Advantage: This makes one machine sufficient for both wiring and component positioning. Another advantage is that very detailed information, down to text, can be displayed. As a result, in the visualization, for example, the type information and component position can be displayed. As a result, not extra space of a screen must be kept free to display additional information. With regard to the use of a smartphone, which has a comparatively small screen, thus, a larger, full screen screen covering Lochrasterplatte can be used.

Another feature is the pins, which in particular have an electrical wire connection and an electrical contact for the adapter boards and a part which is stamped into the hole pattern for mechanical fixation. Effect: Density and any manual wiring possible. As a result: functional integration of mechanical recording, electrical connection and contacting of electrical components. Advantage: Only one hole is necessary, into which the pin must be pressed. This allows the breadboard substrate to be manufactured as a consumable with minimal cost. The contacting process is minimalistic and is therefore particularly suitable for untrained operators. In addition, the pressing can be done very quickly.

Another feature is the use of a tablet and smartphone, which makes the manufacturing process mobile and easy to stow. Effect: Significantly lower acquisition costs and mobile application possibilities, no extra space required for a visualization machine.

Another technical feature is the calibration process. This makes it possible to dispense with mechanical fixations. Effect: Universally applicable on every display. Advantage: Avoidance of mechanical fixation allows the use of different smartphone and tablet manufacturers, without having to design and manufacture a separate holder for each type. This effectively reduces costs.

Hereinafter, the present method or system will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.

Showing:

1 FIG. 2: a sectional view (perpendicular to the board plane and to the screen plane) of an electronic circuit or circuit produced according to the invention, in which the components of the system according to the invention can be seen in an assembled state.

2 : An exploded view of how to proceed in the method according to the invention.

Denoted in the figures 3 an adapter board, the two-dimensional, in the two spatial directions x and y of a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z) regular square hole grid 3-R having. (The board levels and the screen plane are aligned parallel to the xy plane.) The holes 4 of the breadboard 3-R the adapter board 3 break through the adapter board 3 seen completely perpendicular to their board plane (ie in the z-direction), so are through holes. The wall of these holes 4 is completely with an electrically conductive material, here z. As copper, coated so that the holes 4 as electrical contacts 4a the adapter board 3 can be used. Under the reference 4a is also understood below the the electrical contact forming coating itself.

On the board 5 facing away surface are on the adapter board 3 electrical and / or electronic components (here is only a single component 7a , namely an ohmic resistance, visible) fixed and electrically conductive by means of suitable, for. B. printed circuit traces with the electrical contacts 4a the holes 4 connected.

The board 5 is one of two sub-boards 5a and 5b formed plastic board. Both sub-boards 5a . 5b are made of transparent plastic. The two sub-boards are identical. Each sub-board has a regular, square, two-dimensional hole pattern also in the x and y directions 5-R on. (The breadcrumbs are with 5a-R for the sub-board 5a and with 5b R for the sub-board 5b referred to it, for the composite of both sub-boards board 5 resulting hole grid with 5-R ). The breadboard 5a-R and 5b R have a plurality of individual through holes 8th , which are thus arranged in a square grid in the xy plane, on. Since the two sub-boards are transparent, if using the screen 6 (here: smartphone) below a hole 8th a positioning indicator (see, for example, the display A8a) takes place, this positioning indicator on the screen 6 opposite side of the board 5 through the corresponding through hole 8th visible to a user (not shown).

As 2 shows, an electrical connection using an electrical connector 12 in or on the board 5 to be ordered. The electrical connector 12 comprises one in the form of one only in the region of the electrical contact with a fixing element 1 (or its spacer 1c , see below) each stripped wire 2 trained electrical conductors and a variety of individual fixing elements 1 that with her central spacer 1c at regular intervals along the electrical conductor 2 displaceable on the latter (ie relative to the longitudinal axis of 2 seen) or non-displaceably fixed (the pairwise distances of individual fixing elements, of which three here, with the reference numerals 1-1 . 1-2 and 1-3 are marked, are visible in the sliding case, each constant). The outside of the connection or the welding points of the wire 2 with the fixation elements 1 the wire 2 Enveloping electrical insulation is only partially visible and indicated by the reference numeral 2a Mistake. The total length of the only partially visible wire 2 is denoted by l.

It can yes to an (insulated) copper wire 2 from pin to pin or fixing element 1 to fixation element 1 be soldered. The insulation 2a will only be at the pin 1 stripped and the copper wire 2 then with the pin 1 welded. The easiest way is when enamelled wire is used, as the enameled wire can be easily melted away locally by a hot-bar bonding process (thermode welding).

The spacer 1c between the two eyelets or ends 1a . 1b of each fixing element 1 (see below) has the advantageous effect that enough volume (in the intermediate space with the clear width d) is given to a "cable salad" which possibly forms during the wiring, so that, for example, non-optimized wiring can also be performed by a layman.

This is an insulated wire, otherwise it would be an electrical contact of two different sections (more precisely, the sections between different pairs of fixing elements) of the conductor 2 could come to a short circuit. Preferably, it is an enameled wire 2 in which the paint the necessary insulation 2a realized. But it can also be used any other wire. This must then at the pins 1 be stripped locally, for example mechanically or with a laser or thermally with a soldering iron, and then soldered or welded or glued conductive.

The insulation tube or the insulation 2a should all the wire 2 cover up to the touch points or sections to the pins 1 ,

Each fixing element 1 has two ends 1a . 1b , which are here elliptical or formed as a loop. Between these two ends 1a and 1b each fixing element 1 is the cuboid-shaped spacer 1c where the two ends 1b . 1a on both sides (in z Seen direction) are attached. The fixation elements 1 are integrally formed and made of a flexible (or ductile), electrically conductive material, here copper with a tinning or gold-plated (to prevent oxidation). The Elements 1 deform during pressing both elastic, as well as plastic.

The pins 1 are made of metal here and produce a pressure and a cold welding, where it comes into contact with the copper of the internally coppered hole 4a comes. From there, the current flows through the pin 1 to the point where the conductive wire 2 with the pin 1 is welded. From this point of contact, the current flows through the wire 2 , The wire is here welded from one side to the pin, ie it does not go through the pin here 1 therethrough. (But such a passing is alternatively possible.)

The wire or the electrical conductor 2 is each by the spacer 1c of each fixing element (which is also referred to below as a pin) is guided through, so that the individual pins from a chain on the electrical conductor 2 at regular intervals (non-displaceable case) attach fixing elements.

The first, lower end 1a of every such press-fit pin 1 is trained to get into a hole 8th the board 5 to be pressed in. The longitudinal extent (in the z-direction) of the first end 1a is smaller than the longitudinal extent of the holes 8th or as the total thickness of the two sub-boards 5a and 5b taken together (ie the thickness D of the board 5 ). This prevents, when completely in a hole 8th introduced end 1a , this end 1a the surface of the screen 6 touched. In the inserted state, the end provides 1a for a fixation and locking of the associated pins 1 in the hole 8th , In this state comes the spacer 1c of the pin 1 immediately touching on the screen 6 remote surface of the upper part of the board 5a or the board 5 for lying down ( 1 ): The length of the spacer 1c or the block of the same is greater than the diameter of the holes 8th , allowing a sinking of the spacer 1c in a hole 8th is prevented.

As described below, based on the display on the screen 6 the by means of press-fit pins 1 to be filled holes 8th or the positions thereof successively by pressing the lower ends 1a the pins are occupied, in which case the electrical conductor 2 the occupied positions in the order of insertion of pins connects (ie the corresponding hole positions 8th electrically connects) when the pins in the order in the board 5 or the holes 8th the same are plugged in, in which they at the head 2 are fixed (ie first 1-1 , after that 1-2 and finally 1-3 ...).

On the board 5 opposite side of the spacer 1c (Side of the upper end 1b of the pin 1 ) may be the adapter board 3 by means of the holes 4 of the breadboard 3-R on the (already in the board 5 inserted) pins 1-1 . 1-2 . 1-3 , ... be plugged. As 1 shows is the length of the spacers 1c also larger than the diameter (inside width) of the holes 4 , so the plugged adapter board 3 immediately adjacent to the top of the spacer 1c comes to rest and thus through the spacer 1c at a distance d (corresponding to the height of the spacer 1c in z-direction) from the board 5 comes to rest. This is the adapter board 3 by means of the pins 1 on the board 5 fixed, as the upper ends 1b the pins 1 positive and non-positive in the holes 4 be introduced and the lower ends 1a the pins 1 positive and non-positive in the holes 8th be introduced. Im light, through the spacers 1c Ensured clearance of the height d between the adapter board 3 and the board 5 (or the sub-board 5a ) then runs the electrical conductor 2 over which the electrical connection (s) between the pin-occupied, complementary pairs of holes 8th - 4 or between the over the associated electrical contacts 4a electrically contacted components 7a , ... on the upper side of the adapter board 3 is / are made.

The electrically conductive connection between the electrical contact 4a a hole 4 and that wire portion of the electrical conductor 2 that between this hole 4 and its complementary hole 8th the board 5 is positioned over the sections 1b and 1c in the said pair of holes 4 - 8th located pins 1 as previously described and in 1 and 2 shown by means of the pins designed as electrical conductors 1 ,

2 outlined below on the top (screen display side) of the screen 6 how the positioning displays according to the invention can take place. 2 shows this with the example of positioning displays by means of the pins 1 to be filled holes 8th between which electrical connections are to be made. Corresponding positioning displays can also be made or given for the equipping processes or during the equipping processes.

First, by means of not yet in the board 5 inserted electrical connector 12 , the two holes 8a and 8b (or the corresponding positions in the breadboard 5-R the board 5 ) are electrically connected to each other. For this purpose, the two light points (illuminated pixel groups) A8a and A8b on the screen 6 generated or displayed at the positions of these holes 8a and 8b the latter or the board 5 illuminate from below. (Otherwise, except for A8a-8b, see below, no screen is displayed.)

The two z. B. generated as a white light display image pixel groups A8a and A8b can from the screen 6 opposite side through the holes 8a and 8b through the user. The user thus knows at the beginning of arranging the electrical connections that he first pin 1-1 in the hole 8a and then the pin 1-2 in the hole 8b must introduce. For example, the correct order can be made to ensure that only A8a is displayed first and then both A8a and A8b are displayed at the same time.

In addition, as a line connection between the two image pixel groups A8a and A8b, a narrow line A8a-8b may be displayed on the smartphone screen 6 displayed by the user through the transparent sub-boards 5a . 5b can also recognize (but such a display is not necessary).

After a defined period of time (or alternatively if the user enters the two pins by typing on the smartphone) 1-1 and 1-2 in the holes 8a and 8b has confirmed), the display of the first image pixel group A8a is cleared and, thereby, the user the position of the third pin to be plugged 1-3 (Hole 8c ) recognizes instead an image pixel group A8c at the location of the third hole to be connected 8c (or the corresponding position) illuminated or visualized. In addition to the display A8c, a thin connecting line A8b-8c can then also be displayed again. Accordingly, the not shown here further pins (fourth, fifth, ...) of the electrical connector 12 be set.

1 thus shows the inserted state. You can see a press-fit pin 1 with two contacts or ends 1a and 1b with a connecting wire 2 in the middle 1c , Above is the adapter board 3 shown which is a copper-plated hole 4 for contacting 4a Has. Below are two transparent breadboards 5a . 5b shown which the press-fit pin 1 position and hold mechanically. At the bottom is the display 6 (Smartphone display).

In 2 the procedure is sketched in the method according to the invention. Above is the adapter board 3 with, for example, an ohmic resistance 7a or an SMD-type capacitor. Including the press-fit pins 1-1 to 1-3 which communicate with each other via the flexible cable of the electrical conductor 2 are electrically connected. Underneath are the two transparent breadboards (sub-boards 5a . 5b ). The first sub-board 5a can serve as a mechanical recording and then remain with the electronics. The second sub-board 5b serves as a spacer to protect the display 6 because the press-fit pins 1 typically longer than a substrate is thick (partial board thickness D / 2). At the bottom is the display again 6 shown with the visualization of the wiring.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 3052842 [0002]
• US 3706134 [0002]
• US 3611544 [0002]
• GB 2118545 [0002]
• GB 1185567 [0002]
• DD 2026145 [0002]
• DE 2547750 [0002]
• DE 2716548 [0002]
• US 6916211 [0002]
• US 3,194,279 [0002]

Claims (17)

Method for producing a plurality of electrical and / or electronic components ( 7a , ...) comprehensive, electrical or electronic circuit, one with a breadboard ( 5-R ) board ( 5 ) is used to connect electrical connections for electrical interconnection of the multiple components ( 7a , ...), and this board ( 5 ) for assembly with the several components ( 7a , ...) is used, characterized in that by means of a screen ( 6 ) is given both when arranging the electrical connections as well as in the assembly one or more visually perceptible positioning indicator (s) is / are. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the method is performed by a human user, the positioning display (s) being given so that said user can perceive them by means of his eyes and based on this perception (s) Both manually arranging the electrical connections as well as the assembly or individual equipping operations with the components can perform. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following, temporally successive steps: in a first step, the board ( 5 ) on / on the screen ( 6 ), in a second step, in / on the breadboard ( 5-R ) the positions of at least two holes ( 8th ), between which (an) electrical connection (s) is / are to be arranged, by means of the screen ( 6 ) is visually perceptible highlighted, in a third step is / are between the belonging to the optically perceptible highlighted positions in the second step holes ( 8th ) of the breadboard ( 5-R an electrical connection (s) are arranged, and in a fourth step, the one or more optically detectable positioning display (s) is / are given while the circuit board ( 5 ) with one or more of the components ( 7a , ...) is equipped. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second step and the third step one or more times with in each case at least one compared to the immediately preceding implementation of the second and the third step changed hole position in the breadboard ( 5-R ) are repeated before the fourth step is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the screen ( 6 ) during or when arranging the electrical connections, a sequence of individual electrical connections to be arranged is displayed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hole pattern ( 5-R ) of the board ( 5 ) relative to the screen ( 6 ) before using the screen ( 6 ) is given both when arranging the electrical connections as well as in the assembly, the one or more optically perceptible (n) positioning indicator (s) / are. System for producing a plurality of electrical and / or electronic components ( 7a , ...) comprehensive, electrical or electronic circuit, the system comprises several system components as follows: • one with a breadboard ( 5-R ) board ( 5 ) configured to connect one or more electrical connectors ( 12 ) for electrically interconnecting the plurality of components ( 7a , ...), and which is designed for assembly with the plurality of components ( 7a , ...), • the several electrical and / or electronic components ( 7a , ...), and • a screen ( 6 ), by means of which both when arranging the electrical connector (s) (s) ( 12 ) as well as one or more, visually perceptible positioning indicator (s) can be displayed in the assembly. System according to the preceding system claim, further comprising as system component (s) the following: the one or more electrical connectors ( 12 ) (each) an electrical conductor ( 2 ) and a plurality of fixing elements ( 1 . 1-1 . 1-2 . 1-3 ). System according to the preceding system claim, wherein the fixing elements ( 1 ) of the (respective) connector ( 12 ) or at least sections ( 1b ) the same ( 1 ) through the electrical conductor ( 2 ) of the (respective) connector ( 12 ) are electrically conductively connected to each other or are connected and / or wherein the fixing elements ( 1 ) of the (respective) connector ( 12 ) or at least sections ( 1a ) the same ( 1 ) are formed in / at the holes ( 8th ) of the breadboard ( 5-R ) to be mechanically fixed. System according to one of the two preceding system claims, wherein one, several or all of the fixing elements ( 1 ) (each) an electrical contact ( 1k ) for electrical contact an adapter board ( 3 ) or an electrical contact ( 4a ) thereof. System according to one of the three preceding system claims, wherein one, several or all of the fixing elements ( 1 ) (each) as a press-fit pin for at least partially inserting into a hole ( 8th ) of the breadboard ( 5-R ) of the board ( 5 ) and for mechanical fixing in this hole ( 8th ), wherein preferably such a press-fit pin has a first end ( 1a ) for inserting and mechanically fixing the press-fit pin in a hole ( 8th ) of the breadboard ( 5-R ) of the board ( 5 ) and a second end ( 1b ) for inserting and mechanically fixing the press-fit pin in a hole ( 4 ) of the breadboard ( 3-R ) of an adapter board ( 3 ) having. System according to one of the preceding system claims, further comprising as system component (s) the following: one or more (each) with a breadboard ( 3-R ) adapter board (s) ( 3 ) which is / are adapted to be connected by means of the electrical connector (s) ( 12 ) mechanically with the board ( 5 ) and / or which is / are designed to pass over the holes ( 4 ) of her breadboard ( 3-R ) one or more of the on / at her / her ( 3 ) arranged or to be arranged components ( 7a , ...) electrically conductive with the electrical connector (s) ( 12 ) connect to. System according to the preceding system claim, wherein the holes ( 4 ) of the breadboard (s) ( 3-R ) are each coated on their walls at least in sections with an electrically conductive material and / or wherein the / the hole pattern ( 3-R ) has / have an identical grid dimension and / or identical hole sizes, like the breadboard ( 5-R ) of the board ( 5 ). System according to one of the preceding system claims, wherein the board ( 5 ) two sub-boards ( 5a . 5b ), wherein preferably the two sub-boards ( 5a . 5b ) at least in relation to their breadboard ( 5a-R . 5b R ), their breadboard dimensions, the depth of their holes ( 8th ) perpendicular to the board plane and / or the diameter of its holes ( 8th ) are identical in the board plane. System according to one of the preceding system claims, wherein the board ( 5 ) or the two sub-boards ( 5a . 5b ) consists of a transparent material, in particular of a transparent plastic, in particular of polycarbonate or of PMMA, or of a transparent silicone, consists / consist or contains such material / contain. Electrical connector ( 12 ) comprising an electrical conductor ( 2 ) and a plurality of fixing elements ( 1 . 1-1 . 1-2 . 1-3 ), wherein the fixing elements of the connector ( 12 ) or at least sections ( 1b ) the same ( 1 ) through the electrical conductor ( 2 ) of the connector ( 12 ) are electrically conductively connected to each other, wherein the fixing elements of the connector ( 12 ) or at least sections ( 1a ) the same ( 1 ) are formed in / at the holes ( 8th ) of a breadboard ( 5-R ) a board ( 5 ) are mechanically fixed, and wherein the fixing elements ( 1 ) of the connector ( 12 ) or at least sections ( 1b ) the same ( 1 ) each have an electrical contact for electrically contacting an adapter board ( 3 ) or an electrical contact ( 4a ) have the same or form. Electrical connector ( 12 ) according to the preceding connector claim, wherein the fixing elements of the connector ( 12 ) each have a spacer ( 1c ) for producing a distance (d) between the board ( 5 ) and the adapter board ( 3 ) is trained.

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