DE102016201310A1 - Access control system and access control system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an access control method, in which the access control takes place with the aid of a mobile communication device (8) and which comprises a method step in which it is detected whether the communication device (8) is located in a predetermined spatial target area (32, 38) the communication device (8) has a Bluetooth receiver (14) and the target area (32; 38) is covered by the signal of at least one first transmitter (16), wherein a positioning of the communication device (8) in the target area (32; it is detected that the signal of the first transmitter (16) is detected by the Bluetooth receiver (14) in the above communication device (8) and at the same time from the Bluetooth receiver (14) of the communication device (8) the signal of a second transmitter ( 24), the signal of which also covers the target area (32; 38), and / or a signal level of the first transmitter (1) detected by the Bluetooth receiver (14) 6) is within a predetermined level range, this level range being adjusted depending on the actual transmit power of the first transmitter (16), as well as an access control system for carrying out this method.

Description

 The invention relates to an access control method and an access control system, as they can be used for example for access or access control of parking lots or parking garages.

 Recently, systems have been developed which make it possible to release the access to, for example, a parking garage by means of a mobile telephone. For this purpose, it is known that the mobile telephone communicates via a data connection with a central server, via which the release of the blocking device, for example a barrier, is then controlled. In such systems, it is imperative to detect the position of the mobile phone so that the central server can detect which barrier a vehicle is with that mobile phone.

 For this purpose, the barriers can be provided with radio transmitters, so-called beacons, which emit an identifier and / or a position indication. However, these Bluetooth Low Energy standard and commercially available transmitters have the problem that their transmit power and range are not well defined and often fluctuate. Thus, a precise position determination just when, for example, several barriers are arranged directly next to each other, difficult, it can not be accurately detected, for example, in front of which of a plurality of juxtaposed barriers, a vehicle is located.

 In view of this problem, it is an object of the invention to improve an access control method and an access control system, which use a mobile communication device for access control, to the effect that a more accurate positioning of the mobile communication device is possible.

 This object is achieved by an access control method having the features specified in claim 1 and by an access control system having the features specified in claim 14. Preferred embodiments will become apparent from the appended subclaims, the following description and the attached figures.

 The access control method according to the invention allows access control to a closed area, for example a parking space or parking garage using a mobile communication device. Such a mobile communication device, for example, a mobile phone or smartphone or a navigation device or communication device in a vehicle, such as a motor vehicle, be. Such a mobile communication device is used in the access control method according to the invention to enable identification of a person or a vehicle and a check of the access authorization. In addition, a payment process can be handled via such a mobile communication device, which forms a virtual parking ticket. In particular, it is possible to enable the opening process of a blocking device with simultaneous registration of the user and / or handling of a payment process via such a mobile communication device.

 The access control method according to the invention has a method step in which it is detected whether the communication device is located in a predetermined spatial target area. Such a target area may be, for example, an area in front of a barrier device such as a barrier. In this case, it is in particular determined in which position detection step in which of several possible target areas the communication device is located. The determination of the position or the detection of the fact that the communication device is located in a specific target area, takes place according to the invention via a radio signal. The communication device has for this purpose a Bluetooth receiver. This is common in today's mobile phones or smartphones. Furthermore, at least one first transmitter is provided on or in each target area, which transmits a Bluetooth-compatible signal that can be received by the Bluetooth receiver in the communication device. The signal from the transmitter covers the defined target area. Thus, when the communication device detects the signal of this transmitter, it can recognize that it is in the desired destination area.

According to the invention, it is now provided to achieve a more precise determination of the position or a more precise limitation of the target area by using at least one further transmitter in addition to the at least one first transmitter or additionally detecting and taking into account the transmission power of said first transmitter. According to a further preferred embodiment, these two additional method steps can also be used simultaneously. If a second transmitter is provided, this is also a transmitter which transmits a Bluetooth signal. This transmitter is according to the invention positioned so that its signal also covers the target area. Thus, a signal-cut region of the signals of the two transmitters, that is, the first and the second transmitter, are formed, this cut region defines the target area. By appropriate arrangement of the two transmitters can thus be a precisely limited Target area are formed. The mobile communication device recognizes the target area only if it detects the signals of both transmitters.

 Alternatively or additionally, the Bluetooth receiver may receive the signal level of the first transmitter. Optionally, in addition, the signal level of the second transmitter, if one is present, are detected. The signal level decreases with increasing distance from the transmitter. Thus, from the height of the signal level, the distance to the transmitter can be determined. According to this method step, the desired defined target area is assigned to a predetermined level area. That is, because the detected signal level is within the predetermined level range, it is recognized that the Bluetooth receiver is within the desired target area. According to the invention, it is now provided to adapt this level range as a function of the actual transmission power of the transmitter. Thus, fluctuations in the transmission power can be compensated. Thus, as the transmission power increases, the predetermined level range may be shifted to a higher level range and a decrease in the actual transmitted power may be shifted to a lower level range. Thus, error detections of the position due to fluctuations in the transmission power of the transmitter can be avoided.

 As stated above, the access control method according to the invention is used in particular for access control for a parking space or a parking garage. In this case, said target area is preferably in front of a selectively openable locking device of the parking lot or the parking garage. Opening the locking device is initiated using the mobile communication device. For this purpose, the position of the communication device in the target area is detected by the method explained above. Preferably, a plurality of locking devices are present in the system, which are each assigned at least one defined target area. Characterized in that the communication device detects in which target area it is, then the associated locking device can be opened via the communication device. This is particularly advantageous if the entire control is performed by a central control device, which controls a plurality of locking devices, under communication with the communication device.

 The transmitters are preferably Bluetooth low energy transmitters. Such transmitters are known, for example, under the name "Beacon" on the market. These transmitters constantly send out a data record containing, for example, a unique identifier or other information. In particular, it can be recognized on the data record that it is a specific transmitter. This is used according to the invention for position detection, since it can be determined by detecting the data of a particular transmitter, within reach of which transmitter the communication device is located.

 More preferably, the transmitters are arranged at defined positions. Thus, when the identifier of a particular transmitter is detected and its position is known, it can be determined at which position the communication device is located, for example in front of which barrier of a parking garage the communication device is located.

 Particularly preferably, at least one first and one second transmitter are arranged at defined positions and have mutually overlapping emission directions, wherein the target region corresponds to the overlapping region of the emission directions. This overlapping area is thus the intersection of the signals of the two mentioned transmitters, which defines the target area, as already described above.

 According to a further preferred embodiment, there may also be three or more transmitters whose emission directions overlap one another, wherein the target region corresponds to the overlap region or intersection region of all emission directions or signals. By arranging several transmitters, an even more accurate narrowing of the target area and thus a more accurate position determination can be achieved.

 More preferably, the transmitters are designed so that the emission directions are directed and cross each other. In the arrangement of two transmitters, the emission directions preferably intersect so that their central axes are perpendicular to each other. Thus, a relatively sharply delimited overlap region or intersection region between the signals can be achieved, which thus corresponds to a relatively sharply demarcated target region. A restriction or exact alignment of the emission directions can be achieved by corresponding antennas in the transmitters or suitable shielding devices which shield the signals in the undesired directions and release them only in desired emission directions.

In the event that the current signal level is to be taken into account, it is preferred that at least one defined calibration receiver is present. In this case, the at least one calibration receiver is preferably defined relative to an associated transmitter, in particular an associated first transmitter. The calibration receiver detects the current transmission power of the associated transmitter. Characterized in that the calibration receiver in a defined position, that is in is arranged at a known distance to the transmitter, it can be concluded from the signal strength detected by the calibration receiver to the current transmission power at the transmitter. From this, the current signal strength can also be calculated or estimated at other distances to the transmitter. It is preferably provided that the evaluation of the signal level detected by the Bluetooth receiver for determining the position in the destination area takes into account the current transmission power of the transmitter. Thus, the signal strength detected by the Bluetooth receiver can be corrected as a function of the current transmission power detected by the calibration receiver, or the assignment of the position of the target area to a specific signal strength can be changed in order to take into account the current transmission power.

 For this purpose, the predetermined level range is further preferably increased or reduced as a function of the actual transmission power detected by the calibration receiver such that the level range corresponds to the signal level of the transmitter that can be received in the defined target range. As described above, the level range can thus be shifted into the range of higher signal levels or in the range of lower signal levels, so that the same spatial target area can always be defined by detecting the signal strength.

 According to a further preferred embodiment, the communication device can communicate via a communication interface with a control device, in which preferably the position of the transmitter is stored. Via the communication between the communication device and the control device, further method steps of the access control process, for example an identification of the user and / or a payment process, can also be processed. The position of the transmitter could also be stored in the communication device, so that the communication device can communicate directly via the communication interface of the control device its position when it detects the signal of a particular transmitter. If the position of the transmitters is stored in the control device, the communication device preferably transmits only a detected identifier of a transmitter to the control device, which then determines from the stored data the position of the transmitter and thus of the communication device by the control device, the communication device a specific target area, which is defined by the transmitter assigns. The control device can then initiate or control, for example, the opening of a barrier assigned to the target area in a known manner. In the event that several transmitters are used to define the target area, as described above, the communication device can transmit the data or identifiers of the several transmitters whose signals it detects to the control device, so that the control device then uses these signals Destination area can determine in which the communication device is located. Alternatively, the position determination using multiple transmitters can also be made directly in the communication device. Thus, data may be stored in the communication device which indicate by which transmitter individual target areas are defined. Furthermore, this information may also be included in the data sent out by the transmitters, as will be described below.

 In the event that the actual transmission power of a transmitter is to be taken into account, it is preferred that the associated calibration receiver, that is, a calibration receiver associated with this transmitter, is communicatively connected to the control device such that the control device evaluates a signal received by the calibration receiver. Alternatively, the calibration receiver may also send information about the signal received from it directly to the communication device, so that the correction based on the actual transmission power in the manner described can be performed directly in the communication device. A communication connection between the calibration receiver and the control device can take place either via a direct data connection, for example via the Internet or another suitable network. Alternatively, the signals received by the calibration receiver or data representing these signals can also be sent by the calibration receiver to the communication device, for example likewise via a Bluetooth connection, and then transmitted by the communication device via its data connection to the control device. In both cases, the control device can then perform the compensation or correction of the position determination or the assignment of the target area to a specific signal level in the manner described above.

 According to a further preferred embodiment, each transmitter sends out a data record which contains a defined identifier which is detected by the receiver and which is preferably stored together with the position of the transmitter in the control device which communicates with the communication device. Thus, the control device can make the assignment of the position to the detected signal by assigning the position of the received identifier.

Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for each transmitter to send out a data record which contains information about the position of the transmitter and / or contains an identifier of at least one associated second transmitter assigned to the same destination area. Thus, the position determination, if the data set includes position information of the transmitter, directly from the received signal of the transmitter is possible without further communication between the communication device and a control device for position determination is required. If multiple transmitters are used, which together define a destination area, then it is possible to integrate information about which further stations define the destination area in the data sets which are transmitted by the individual transmitters. For example, the communication device can record the data record of a first sender and extract from this data record which further sender it must acquire in order to be in a specific target area. If the communication device then detects the identifier or signals of these further transmitters, it can recognize on this basis that it is in a specific predetermined destination range.

 In addition to the access control method described above, the invention also provides an access control system. This is in particular an access control system which implements the access control method described above. Therefore, with regard to preferred embodiments of the access control system, reference is also made to the preceding description, from which likewise preferred features of the access control system result.

 The access control system according to the invention serves to control access to a limited space, in particular a parking space. That is, preferably the access control system is a parking access control system. Such a limited space may for example be closed by at least one selectively openable barrier device, such as a barrier or a gate. The access control system is then used to selectively open and close such a locking device to let only authorized persons or authorized vehicles in the limited space. The access control system according to the invention uses a provided with a Bluetooth receiver mobile communication device, such as a mobile phone or smartphone or a communication device in a vehicle. The mobile communication device is used in particular the identification of a user or vehicle to check the authorization to enter or drive the limited space and / or handle a payment process. The mobile communication device itself is part of the access control system in a preferred embodiment. It is to be understood that the access control system can preferably access any mobile communication devices, wherein preferably on these arbitrary mobile communication devices, a software application is installed, which may be the subject of the access control system according to the invention.

 The access control system according to the invention has at least one position detection system which serves to detect that the mobile communication device is located in at least one predetermined spatial target area. The system may preferably have a plurality of, preferably a plurality of such spatial target areas, wherein one or more position detection devices are provided which can detect in which of the target areas a particular communication device is located. For this purpose, at least one first transmitter is arranged at each target area, which is positioned so that the signal of the transmitter covers the target area. Thus, a first criterion for detecting whether the communication device is in the target area is that it detects the signal of the first transmitter associated with that target area. According to the invention, the position detection device is designed such that it also uses at least one further feature in order to be able to narrow down the target area more precisely. For this purpose, according to a first embodiment of the invention, at least one second transmitter is provided which is arranged or positioned on the at least one target area such that a signal of the second transmitter also covers the target area. That is, according to this embodiment, the target area is defined by the signals of a first and a second transmitter. The target area is formed by the intersection of the signals of both transmitters. Thus, the target area can be narrowed down by the signals of the two stations, as it would be possible by the signal of only one station.

As an alternative or in addition to the arrangement of a second transmitter, according to a further embodiment of the invention at least one calibration receiver can be provided, which is arranged fixedly positioned relative to the first transmitter. If multiple transmitters are provided, the calibration receiver may also be fixedly positioned relative to the multiple transmitters. The calibration receiver detects the current transmission power of the transmitter, that is, in particular the first transmitter. According to this embodiment, such a calibration receiver is preferably provided at least at each first transmitter. Since the position and thus the distance of the calibration receiver to the transmitter is known and constant, the current transmission power of the transmitter can be determined from the detected signal strength at the calibration receiver. For this purpose, a suitable evaluation device in the access control system or the Position detection device may be provided. As described above, depending on the current transmission power of the first transmitter, a level range which defines the target range can be shifted such that the level range always defines the desired spatially defined target range. That is, if the Bluetooth receiver of the communication device, a certain level, which is within the defined level range, is detected, it can be concluded that the receiver is located in the target area. Now, if the transmission power of the transmitter increases due to fluctuations, in order to achieve the same spatial allocation, the level range corresponding to the target area must be moved accordingly in the range of higher signal levels. This can be initiated by a suitable control or evaluation device. Thus, in the manner described above with reference to the method, the target area can be narrowed down more precisely.

 Particularly preferably, the target area is located in front of a selectively openable blocking device. The blocking device is preferably selectively openable and closable using the mobile communication device by a control device in the manner described.

 The access control system according to the invention further preferably has a control device, in particular a central control device, which is designed for communication with the mobile communication device. This control device can selectively open, for example, one or more blocking devices in the manner described, if the communication device is located in the target area belonging to the blocking device and an authorization for entering or leaving the limited space has been checked via the communication device. The positions of the transmitters and the target areas defined by them are preferably stored in the control device. The transmitters preferably transmit in their signal a data record which identifies the transmitters. Upon receipt of such an identification or identifier, the control device can then determine from the stored data in which target area and thus, at which point the mobile communication device is located. For example, it can be determined before which blocking device the communication device is located, in order then to open exactly this blocking device.

 Alternatively, it is also possible to make the positions of the transmitters known to the communication device by the signal of the transmitters. That is, according to this preferred embodiment, the signal of the transmitter contains a data record which also describes the position of the transmitter. According to a further alternative embodiment, the position of the transmitter or the assignment of the position to an identifier of the transmitter can also be stored in the mobile communication device or a software application in the mobile communication device.

 According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one calibration receiver is communicatively connected to the control device and the control device is designed such that it determines the position of the communication device in the associated target region on the basis of a signal level currently received by the calibration receiver and a signal level received by a communication device , Thus, the control device may be designed such that it compares the signal level received from the communication device in the manner described with a stored in the control device or the communication device level range and makes an assignment to the target area when the detected signal level is in the predetermined level range. Depending on the signal level received by the calibration receiver, said level range can be shifted in the manner described above, so that the level range can be adapted to the current transmission power of the transmitter. The communication connection between the control device and the calibration receiver can be provided via a suitable network connection or the Internet. Alternatively, the calibration receiver can also be connected indirectly to the control device, for example by first communicating with the communication device, which then establishes a communication connection to the control device. Alternatively, the correction of the level range can also be carried out in the communication device by a software application provided there, if the detected signal level is transmitted from the calibration receiver via a data connection directly to the communication device and the communication device is designed such that it itself makes the necessary corrections of the level range ,

Part of the access control system according to the invention is preferably a user module, which can be integrated into the communication device. This may be a hardware module, but is particularly preferably a software module in the form of a software application that is executed on the communication device. It may be, for example, a so-called "App", which is installed on a smartphone. The user module is preferably designed to receive the signals of said transmitters via a Bluetooth receiver present in the communication device and is also for communication with a Control device formed. For this purpose, the user module can use a communication interface already present in the communication device such as a mobile data connection to the Internet.

 The control device is preferably designed such that it controls the at least one locking device, preferably a plurality of locking devices such that the locking device opens and closes on command of the control device. The release of the locking device can be done by the controller after communication with the communication device, so that via the communication device, an identification of the user and / or a payment process can be handled.

 The transmitters are preferably designed such that each transmitter transmits a data record which contains an identifier identifying the transmitter, an identifier of a second transmitter assigned to the same target range and / or information about the position of the transmitter. The identifier thus received by the Bluetooth receiver can be compared with an identifier stored in a suitable database, so that the position of the transmitter, which is preferably also stored in a database, can be determined. This can be done in the described manner in the communication device or a central control device. Alternatively or additionally, the data record can directly contain information about the position of the sender, so that a comparison with a database becomes unnecessary.

 According to a particularly preferred embodiment, in the data record of a sender, additional information may be contained as to which identifier has one or more further transmitters which are assigned to the same target area. It is thus possible for the communication device or a user module integrated in it to be able to determine the target area in a very simple manner, as described above, or to determine in a very simple manner whether it is located in a specific target area.

 The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In these shows:

1 schematically an access control system according to the invention,

2 schematically the arrangement of two transmitters to limit a target area and

3 schematically the arrangement of three transmitters to limit a target area with a calibration receiver.

Based on 1 For example, an access control system, such as might be used for a parking lot or a parking garage, will now be described. This access control system has a central control device 2 which controls a plurality of locking devices, here two barriers 4 are shown as examples of such locking devices. Furthermore, in the example, a payment terminal in the form of a cash machine 6 shown. The access control system shown here uses mobile communication devices for user identification instead of conventional parking tickets, as such mobile communication devices, conventional mobile phones or smartphones 8th Find use. It should be understood that a variety of mobile phones can be incorporated into such an access control system. The mobile phones are provided for this purpose with a user module in the form of a software application, which on the communication interfaces of the mobile phone 8th accesses. Such a communication interface is on the one hand a mobile radio connection 10 connecting to a network 12 over which the individual components such as the control device 2 , the barriers 4 as well as the pay machines 6 connected to each other for data communication. At the network 12 it may be a local area network or, preferably, the Internet, so that components that are far apart may also be accessed via a centralized controller 2 can be controlled.

On the other hand, the mobile phones 8th in a conventional manner, a Bluetooth interface 14 which in the system according to the invention primarily as a Bluetooth receiver 14 is being used.

In the system shown here it is provided that the user application on the mobile phone 8th over the cellular connection 10 as well as the network 12 with the control device 2 communicates to a specific barrier 4 to let open. The control device 2 can doing using the mobile phone 8th generate a virtual parking ticket, which then later, for example, at the cash machine 6 , a payment process can also be performed. If a lot of barriers 4 is provided, it is necessary to the position of the mobile phone 8th to determine, that is, to determine exactly before which of the barriers 4 the mobile phone 8th located. Similarly, the position of the mobile phone 8th at a cash machine 6 be determined. These are the components to which a localization of the mobile phone 8th should take place, first transmitter 16 arranged, which are designed as a Bluetooth low-energy transmitter, that is, as so-called beacons. These transmitters constantly send out a data record which has a Identification of the respective transmitter represents. These transmitters 16 need only be provided with a power supply and incidentally need no further communication connection to the system, such as no connection to the network 12 , The position of these transmitters 16 with its associated identifier, for example, in a memory 18 be deposited, which in the control device 2 integrated or can be connected to this communication. Alternatively, it could be the one from the first transmitter 16 sent identifier directly required information about the position of the transmitter 16 that is, information about which barrier 4 the transmitter 16 is contained.

Get the mobile phone 8th near one of the transmitters 16 , so receives the Bluetooth receiver 14 of the mobile phone 8th the signal of the nearby transmitter 16 and the mobile phone 8th or on the mobile phone 8th running user application can be the identifier of the sender 16 read out and evaluate. In the case that the identifier is just the identification of the sender 16 serves, can the mobile phone 8th then the identifier via the mobile connection 10 and the network 12 to the controller 2 transfer. This can then be accessed by accessing the memory 18 Determine where the corresponding transmitter 16 that is, for example at which barrier 4 the transmitter 16 located. So it can be determined, before which barrier 4 the mobile phone 8th located. In the event that of the transmitter 16 If sent record contains equal information about the location, this location can be accessed directly from the mobile phone 8th be read out and sent to the controller 2 be transmitted, so that then also knows, before which of the barriers 4 the mobile phone 8th located. Alternatively, there could also be a database of the position of the sender 16 , that is the assignment to individual barriers 4 , directly in the user application of the mobile phone 8th be deposited.

In addition, the barriers 4 in a known manner with one or more induction loops 20 provided, which via loop detectors 22 also directly or indirectly with the network 12 and about this with the controller 2 are communicatively connected. The induction loops 20 are used to determine if there is actually a vehicle in front of the barrier 4 located. Further, they may also be arranged to detect if a vehicle is under the barrier 4 is located so that the barrier does not close when there is a vehicle there. The signals of the induction loops 20 be from the loop detectors 22 evaluated and the result of the evaluation is sent to the controller 2 transferred, so that the control device 2 a barrier 4 for example, only opens when actually a vehicle is in front of the barrier. For example, a pedestrian can be prevented from using a mobile phone 8th the closets 4 accidentally opens.

A payment process in this system, for example, by cash at the cash machine 6 respectively. If the mobile phone 8th close to the pay machine 6 the Bluetooth receiver is detected 14 of the mobile phone 8th the signal of the transmitter 16 , which at or in the cash machine 6 is placed. This signal or the identifier of the transmitter taken from the signal 16 then as with the barriers 4 , from the mobile phone 8th to the controller 2 be transmitted, which thus recognizes, at which cash machine, the mobile phone 8th located. The control device 2 can then pay the price to the cash machine 6 over the network 12 bring to display and it can be carried out in a conventional manner a payment process. Once completed, this is done by the pay machine 6 the control device 2 communicated, which then a the mobile phone 8th assigned virtual parking ticket in the system can unlock, so that an exit authorization is given. The next step is the mobile phone 8th then be located in a corresponding manner before an exit barrier and this from the control device 2 be opened.

In the described system, it is problematic, the position of the mobile phone 8th in front of the barriers 4 and / or the cash machine 6 accurate enough to determine. This is especially true when multiple barriers 4 directly next to each other or several cash machines 6 are arranged directly next to each other. Then it can not be ruled out that the mobile phone 8th accidentally the signal of a transmitter 16 an adjacent barrier 4 or a neighboring cash machine 6 receives instead of the signal of the transmitter 16 , the barrier 4 or the cash machine 6 in front of which the user is using the mobile phone 8th actually located. This can lead to confusion in the system. These can be at the barriers 4 also through the induction loops 20 can not be excluded, since the case may occur that in front of neighboring barriers 4 at the same time vehicles are standing.

To prevent this is according to the invention at the barriers 4 and possibly also in a corresponding manner at the cash machine 6 in each case at least one second transmitter 24 arranged. At the second stations 24 These are also Bluetooth low-energy transmitters, ie beacons, which are the first transmitters in their design 16 correspond. Also these second stations 24 send an identifier. As with the broadcasters 16 can the position of the transmitter 24 in the mobile phones 8th , In the storage room 18 the control device 2 or in the identifier itself be deposited. Alternatively or additionally, in each case a calibration receiver for more accurate position determination 26 be provided, which to the network 12 is connected and via this with the control device 2 can communicate. Although not shown here, could also be at the pay machines 6 such a calibration receiver 26 be arranged. The operation of the second transmitter 24 and the calibration receiver 26 is determined by the 2 and 3 described in more detail. In this regard, it should be understood that the arrangement of the second transmitter 24 and the calibration receiver 26 in 1 only shown in principle. In the 1 The arrangement shown is not the actual arrangement needed for the function. This arrangement results from the 2 and 3 ,

2 shows a first possible arrangement of a first transmitter 16 and a second transmitter 24 , Here is the arrangement in front of a barrier 4 shown. In this example, the transmitters point 16 and 24 in each case a directed emission characteristic 28 respectively. 30 on. Such a radiation characteristic 28 . 30 can be achieved by appropriate design of the antennas or shielding in the other areas. The transmitters 16 and 24 are arranged so that their emission characteristics or emission directions 28 and 30 intersect each other. In this example, the channels are 16 and 24 arranged so that the central axes of the radiation characteristics 28 and 30 cut at right angles. That is, there is an intersection of the signals and radiation characteristics 28 . 30 the two transmitters 26 and 24 , The cutting area 32 is in 2 hatched shown. This cutting area 32 defines a spatial target area in which the Bluetooth receiver 14 must be located to the position of the associated mobile phone 8th in front of the barrier 4 to capture or confirm. According to the evaluation of the signals of the transmitter 16 and 24 in the way that from a position of the mobile phone 8th with the Bluetooth receiver 14 in front of the barrier 4 is only assumed if the Bluetooth receiver 14 the signals of both transmitters 16 and 24 receives, that is, in the cutting area 32 the radiation characteristics 28 and 30 located. As a result, a very accurate position determination is possible.

The assignment of the first transmitter 16 and an associated second transmitter 24 can be done in different ways. For one, it is possible that the assignment is only in the control device 2 is made, that is, the mobile phone 8th only sends the identifiers of the signals it receives over the network 12 to the controller 2 and the controller 2 reports to the mobile phone 8th back when the required combination of signals from two transmitters 16 and 24 is received to the mobile phone 8th to show the possibility of entering the parking area. That is, it is the assignment of the transmitter 16 and 24 in the store 18 the control device 2 deposited. Alternatively, the assignment may also be in a memory of the mobile phone 8th or a user application on the mobile phone 8th be deposited. In addition, it is also possible to assign in the identifiers which the sender 16 and 24 send out, integrate. For example, the data set which is transmitted by the sender 16 which contains information about which second transmitter 24 the transmitter 16 assigned. This information can be from the mobile phone 8th be read out as soon as the signal of the transmitter 16 is detected. Then the cellphone 8th wait for the bluetooth receiver 14 a particular signal or a specific identifier of a second transmitter 24 detected and then, if it detects both related identifiers, over the network 12 to the controller 2 Report to start the entry procedure in a known manner.

It is understood that the formation of a cutting area 32 also with more than two channels 16 . 24 could be realized, which in individual cases even more accurate assignment is possible. Also it is possible to have a transmitter 16 . 24 to combine with several other channels. For example, this could be the signal from the second transmitter 24 or the emission characteristic 30 the second transmitter 24 in 2 with a further emission characteristic 28 another station 16 cut as in 2 indicated by dashed lines. In this way, the number of required stations can be reduced.

3 shows an arrangement using a third transmitter 34 , in which case the first transmitter 16 , the second transmitter 24 and the third transmitter 34 each an all-round radiation characteristic 36 exhibit. Again, the channels 16 . 24 and 34 arranged so that their emission characteristics 36 overlap, leaving an intersection or intersection 38 is formed at which the Bluetooth receiver 14 the signals of all three transmitters 16 . 24 and 34 Receives approximately the same signal strength. This cutting area 38 is again the target area in which the Bluetooth receiver 14 must be located to a positioning in front of the barrier 4 to recognize. This is done again in the manner described above, the assignment of the transmitter 16 . 24 and 34 as described either in the controller 2 or in the mobile phone 8th or in the identifier in the signals of the transmitter 16 . 24 and 34 can be deposited.

Based on 3 In addition, it will provide an alternative or additional solution for improving the position detection of the mobile phone 8th described. There is the mentioned calibration receiver 26 shown. The calibration receiver 26 is at a defined distance to the transmitters 16 . 24 and 34 arranged and receives their signals. In this example, there are three transmitters 16 . 24 and 34 intended. However, it should be understood that the use of the calibration receiver 26 also alone with a first transmitter 16 it is possible. The calibration receiver 26 constantly records the signals of the transmitters and their signal strength. About the calibration receiver 26 It is thus possible to detect signal strength variations and then over the network 12 the control device 2 tell. The use of the calibration receiver 26 enables accurate positioning of the mobile phone 8th or the Bluetooth receiver 14 depending on the signal strength used by the Bluetooth receiver 14 is detected. Thus, fluctuations of the signal strength can be detected and yet it can be a certain position in the intersection of the radiation characteristics 26 be recorded. If usually the intersection 38 is at the point at which the signal strength of all three received signals is the same, this only applies if the transmission power of all three transmitters, which are at the same distance from the intersection 38 are the same. Increases the transmission power of one of the transmitters 16 . 24 . 34 , so will from this transmitter at the intersection 38 recorded a larger signal strength. This can be done using the calibration receiver 26 be determined and compensated.

With increasing distance from the transmitter 16 or the broadcasters 24 and 34 takes the signal strength which is sent to the Bluetooth receiver 14 is received, from. It is thus possible to define a level range corresponding to the desired target range, that is, a desired spatial distance from the transmitter (s) 16 . 24 . 34 equivalent. If the received signal level is in this level range, this corresponds to the position of the mobile phone 8th in the desired spatial target area you want to define. Now if the signal strength of the transmitter 16 . 24 and or 34 fluctuates, this would thus lead to incorrect positioning, since the level range is no longer congruent with the desired spatial target area. But if at the same time the calibration receiver 26 If the signal strength at a defined position is constantly detected, the fluctuations in the transmission power or signal strength of the transmitters can be detected 16 . 24 respectively. 34 and it is possible to adjust the level range accordingly. That is, as the signal strength increases, the level range may be determined by the controller 2 are shifted to a range of higher signal levels, while with a decrease of the transmission power, the level range is shifted to the range of lower signal strengths, so that the level range substantially coincides with a desired spatial target range, which in 3 the cutting area 38 corresponds, is held. So could with only a first transmitter 16 a more accurate position determination using a fairly simple Bluetooth low-energy transmitter done. In addition, it is using the calibration receiver 26 also possible to improve the positioning of multiple transmitters, as in addition the signal strength, which of the Bluetooth receiver 14 is received, can be considered. Thus, a more accurate positioning is possible even within the intersection between the signals of multiple transmitters.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

control device

4

lists

6

cash dispenser

8th

mobile phone

10

cellular Line

12

network

14

Bluetooth receiver

16

 first station

18

Storage

20

induction loop

22

loop detectors

24

second transmitter

26

Kalibrierempfänger

28, 30

radiation

32

cutting area

34

third transmitter

36

radiation

38

cutting area

Claims (21)

Access control method in which access control is controlled by means of a mobile communication device ( 8th ) and which has a method step in which it is detected whether the communication device ( 8th ) in a predetermined spatial target area ( 32 ; 38 ), wherein the communication device ( 8th ) a Bluetooth receiver ( 14 ) and the target area ( 32 ; 38 ) from the signal of at least one first transmitter ( 16 ), characterized in that a positioning of the communication device ( 8th ) in the target area ( 32 ; 38 ) recognized by the Bluetooth receiver ( 14 ) in the mobile communication device ( 8th ) the signal of the first transmitter ( 16 ) and simultaneously from the Bluetooth receiver ( 14 ) of the communication device ( 8th ) the signal of a second transmitter ( 24 ) whose signal is the target area ( 32 ; 38 ) is also detected, and / or one of the Bluetooth receiver ( 14 ) detected signal level of the first transmitter ( 16 ) is in a predetermined level range, this Level range depends on the actual transmit power of the first transmitter ( 16 ) is adjusted. Access control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the target area ( 32 ; 38 ) in front of an openable barrier device ( 4 ) of a parking lot or parking garage, and that opening the locking device ( 4 ) using the mobile communication device ( 8th ). Access control method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is at the transmitters ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) is about Bluetooth low-energy transmitter. Access control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitters ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) are arranged at defined positions. Access control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one first ( 16 ) and a second ( 24 ) Transmitters are arranged at defined positions and overlapping radiation directions ( 28 . 30 ), the target area ( 32 ; 38 ) the overlap region of the radiation directions ( 28 . 30 . 36 ) corresponds. Access control method according to claim 5, characterized in that at least three transmitters ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) are present whose radiation directions ( 28 . 30 . 36 ) overlap each other and that the target area ( 38 ) the overlap area of all radiation directions ( 28 . 30 . 36 ) corresponds. Access control method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the emission directions ( 28 . 30 ) and cross each other, preferably intersect each other so that their central axes are perpendicular to each other. Access control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one defined calibration receiver ( 26 ), which determines the current transmission power of at least one of the transmitters ( 16 . 24 . 34 ), whereby in the evaluation of the Bluetooth receiver ( 14 ) detected signal level for determining the position in the target area ( 32 . 38 ) the current transmission power of the transmitter ( 14 . 24 . 34 ) is taken into account. Access control method according to claim 8, characterized in that the predetermined level range is dependent on that of the calibration receiver ( 26 ) is increased or decreased such that the level range can be received by the signal level of the transmitter which can be received in the defined target range (FIG. 16 . 24 . 34 ) corresponds. Access control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the communication device ( 8th ) via a communication interface ( 10 ) with a control device ( 2 ) in which preferably the position of the transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) is stored. Access control method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the calibration receiver ( 26 ) with a control device ( 2 ) is connected such that the control device ( 2 ) one of the calibration receiver ( 26 ) evaluates received signal. Access control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) sends out a data record which contains an identifier identifying it, which is transmitted by the Bluetooth receiver ( 14 ) and which preferably together with the position of the transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) in the control device ( 2 ), which communicate with the communication device ( 8th ) communicates, is stored. Access control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) sends out a data record which contains information about the position of the sender ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) and / or an identifier of at least one associated second, the same target area associated transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) contains. Access control system for controlling access to a limited space by means of at least one Bluetooth receiver ( 14 ) provided mobile communication device ( 8th ) is formed and at least one position detection device for detecting the mobile communication device ( 8th ) in at least one predetermined spatial target area ( 32 . 38 ), which at least one at the target area ( 32 . 38 ) arranged first transmitter ( 16 ), which is arranged such that the signal of the first transmitter ( 16 ) the associated target area ( 32 . 38 ), characterized by at least one second transmitter ( 24 ), which in such a way at the at least one target area ( 32 . 38 ) is arranged, that a signal of the second transmitter ( 24 ) the target area ( 32 . 38 ), and / or at least one calibration receiver ( 26 ) which is firmly positioned relative to at least the first transmitter ( 16 ) and a current transmission power of the first transmitter ( 16 ) detected. Access control system according to claim 14, characterized in that the target area before a selectively openable locking device ( 4 ) is located. Access control system according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that it is a parking space access control system. Access control system according to one of Claims 14 to 16, characterized by a control device ( 2 ) used for communication with the mobile communication device ( 8th ) is formed and in which preferably the positions of the transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) and the target areas defined by them ( 32 . 38 ) is stored. Access control system according to claim 17, characterized in that the at least one calibration receiver ( 26 ) with the control device ( 2 ) is communicatively connected and the control device ( 2 ) is designed such that on the basis of a current from the calibration receiver ( 26 ) received signal level and one of a communication device ( 8th ) received signal level, the position of the communication device ( 8th ) in the associated target area ( 32 . 38 ) certainly. Access control system according to claim 17 or 18, characterized by a in the communication device ( 8th ) user module which can be integrated, which is preferably designed as a software module, wherein the user module for receiving the signals of said transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) and for communication with a control device ( 2 ) is trained. Access control system according to claim 15 and 19, characterized in that the control device ( 2 ) the at least one locking device ( 4 ) controls such that the locking device ( 4 ) on command of the control device ( 2 ) opens and closes. Access control system according to one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that each transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) sends out a data record that contains the sender ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) identifier, an identifier of a second same target area ( 32 . 38 ) associated transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) and / or information about the position of the transmitter ( 16 . 24 . 34 ) contains.

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