DE102016122909A1 - Storage device for electrical energy and operating methods - Google Patents

Abstract

A storage device (2) for electrical energy (E), with an input (4) and an output (6) has a plurality of receptacles (8a-c) for memory packs (10), each receptacle (8a-c) having an interface (FIG. 12a-c) for contacting the memory pack (10) and a sensor (14a-c) with contact signal (Ka-c) at contacted interface (12a-c), each receptacle (8a-c) a charge controller (16a-c ) to load the memory pack (10) exclusively in the presence of the contact signal (Ka-c), and the memory means (2) includes a discharge control (20) for all recordings (8a-c) containing the memory packs (10) exclusively In the case of a method for operating the memory device (2), a memory packet (10) is only included in a method for operating the memory device (2) active contact signal (Ka-c) is charged or discharged.

Description

The invention relates to a storage device for electrical energy and a method for operating the storage device.

In many areas of daily life, especially in and on buildings, especially in dwellings, there is a need for electrical energy, e.g. for the operation of household appliances or lighting, but also for hot water or for charging an electric vehicle. Usually this energy is obtained from the public power grid.

The object of the present invention is to improve the energy supply with electrical energy.

The object is achieved by a storage device for electrical energy according to claim 1. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention and other categories of the invention will become apparent from the other claims, the following description and the accompanying drawings.

The memory device has an input for receiving the electrical energy and an output for emitting the electrical energy. The memory device has a plurality of recordings for memory packs, wherein the memory packs serve for the storage (and the charging / discharging) of electrical energy. In each of the recordings a respective memory package is receivable. Each of the memory packs has a DC voltage or the memory device is designed for such memory packs which are charged and discharged with DC voltage.

Each of the recordings has an electrical interface. The interface serves to electrically contact the memory pack (at least) for the transmission of the energy into the memory pack (charging) and / or out of the memory pack (unloading). Each shot also has a sensor. The sensor detects (directly or indirectly) a connected to the interface, i. contacted memory pack and has a contact signal only when the memory pack is contacted in the interface, that is, an electrical contact between the memory pack and interface is made. That is, the contact signal is active when the interface is contacted and otherwise inactive.

Each of the recordings has a charge control for the respective storage package. The respective charging control is connected to the respective sensor of the recording. The charge control thus serves to control the charge of the respective memory pack which can be used in the receptacle, that is to charge the memory pack with energy from the input when the contact signal is present or active. The corresponding charging process takes place according to the design of the memory device exclusively only in the presence of the contact signal, i. can only take place if necessary.

The storage device also has a discharge control. The discharge control is connected to the or all sensors of all recordings. The discharge control is jointly responsible for all recordings. The discharge control serves to discharge at least one of the memory packets with the present or active contact signal to the output. The discharge takes place according to the design of the memory device exclusively in the presence of the contact signal, i. can only take place if necessary.

With respect to the discharge of the memory packets, all the interfaces lead to a node (a respective discharge line from the interface to the node) and via this (a common discharge line) to the output. In particular, an inverter (in the discharge line) is arranged between the node and the output.

The aforementioned contacting thus serves to exchange energy, that is to say for charging and / or discharging a respective memory pack. Each interface therefore has at least one two-pole connection (DC voltage connection) for a power supply and / or current drain in or out of the memory pack. At and possibly in the memory packs (ie, if necessary, to individual memory cells) so there is DC voltage. In particular, there is also DC voltage at the interfaces and the node. A rectifier is arranged in particular at any point between the input and the memory pack or a memory cell in order to direct AC voltages fed into the input into direct voltage or direct current for charging.

Optionally, therefore, DC and / or inverters are provided between the input and the memory pack or between the memory pack and the output. Then apply to input and / or output AC voltages.

According to the invention, it is ensured that a charge and discharge of a storage package always takes place only when it is contacted in an operational manner at the interface, that is, the energy transfer is also possible without interference. On the other hand, this makes it possible that when connecting or disconnecting the memory package at the interface no energy exchange (or no more) takes place, since in this state there is no contacting in the sense of the invention or an operational contacting.

In particular, aids are provided which prevent detachment from the interface during "contacting", for example by a mechanical interlock.

In particular, the invention includes the connection to a higher-level central control, which serves as a higher-level control for the charging controls and the discharge control. Charging and discharging in an overall system can thus be synchronized or controlled as desired via the central controller, for example in a self-sufficient energy supply center for a building, e.g. a residential building. Buildings here are especially one- or two-family houses or smaller buildings.

In particular, an arbitrary looping through of energy from the input to the output is always possible without loading one of the memory packs. This is useful, for example, if the output is to supply an electric vehicle with electricity that is available at the entrance from the photovoltaic system or a combined heat and power plant. Looping may also only apply to a portion of the energy available at the input so that the remainder of the energy is stored in the memory pack.

The invention provides a scalable storage device which can be modularly expanded or reduced by adding or removing storage packets in its storage capacity. In particular, four recordings are provided for four memory packs. In this case, a memory pack has in particular a memory power of 3-8, in particular 4-7, in particular 5-6, in particular 5.5 kWh. By the power transmission or energy transfer only in the presence of the contact signal, a so-called "hot-plugging" of the memory packages can be realized in the recordings, that is, these can be used during operation of the memory device or a higher-level system in the recordings or removed from these without any voltage or current peaks. A "logon" or "logout" of the packages at the plant can then automatically take over a plant control. Otherwise, the interface remains on the device side voltage and / or current-free, at least switched load-free.

Also, there is the advantage that a corresponding system can be divided into relatively light components (basic structure with recordings / control / multiple battery packs (storage packages)). So a simple manual transport without lifting equipment is possible. On site, a storage device can then be easily assembled, since in particular the storage packages only need to be inserted. An "application" to the system can then automatically take over a system control.

In a preferred embodiment, the receptacle is designed as a drawer receptacle for inserting the storage package. A drawer receptacle is technically particularly easy to implement and also to use. In addition, there is the advantage that the interface in the insertion direction can be made contactable. By e.g. linear insertion of the storage package into the drawer or the drawer receiving thus reach, for example, on the last insertion distance before a stop in an end position connector of the interface automatically into engagement with corresponding counterparts on the memory pack. By inserting thus takes place an automatic contacting of the interface or a forced contacting, so that additional manual contact is eliminated.

In a preferred embodiment, the input and / or the output is a three-phase AC voltage connection. Thus, each of the memory packs already serves to produce a memory power in a fully three-phase system of the memory device. Such memory devices can be integrated with complete preservation of any three-phase functionality in particular in a conventional building installation of a residential building, etc. In particular, the input and output are each an AC voltage terminal of 230 volts per phase, that is, a 400 volt three-phase connection. Also, the inverter and rectifier is then carried out three-phase. In particular, these are unlucky.

In a preferred embodiment, the memory device contains at least one memory pack which can be inserted into at least one of the recordings. Thus, the memory package and remaining memory device, for example recording, interface, sensor, controls, etc., can be optimally matched to one another. The memory pack can be used and removed in particular in any desired recording, in particular all recording and memory packs for a memory device are designed such that each of the memory packs can be inserted and removed in each of the recordings. In particular, all memory packets of a memory device have the same rated voltage. SO a simple, in particular current-controlled parallel connection of the storage packages for charging and / or discharging is possible.

In a preferred embodiment, the memory pack inserted into the receptacle into an end position is automatically contacted in the interface. The receptacle - and / or, if present, the storage package - in this case has a locking device. The locking device serves to lock the memory pack mechanically in the end position so that it is not detachable from the end position and thus also from the interface. The sensor is coupled to the locking device in such a way that the contact signal is present only or is active when the locking device is in a locked state, that is locked. In particular, the lockability is only given if in fact a memory pack is inserted into the end position and the recording is not empty. First, the memory package must be brought into the end position and thus contacted, only then the contact signal can be activated by locking. Conversely, the contact signal must first be interrupted in order to release the locking device and thus to enable the memory packet to be disconnected from the interface in the first place.

Thus, it is always ensured that only in the event that a memory package is contacted safely and undetectable in the interface, the contact signal is present. This results in particular in that a separation of the storage package from the interface during a loading or unloading can be safely prevented. Because before a release from the interface, the package must be unlocked and the sensor signal disappears. This leaves enough time to put the interface de-energized and / or de-energized, at least load-free.

Thus, there is always enough time to "log off" the storage package at the storage device (and possibly an entire system in which the storage device is integrated) before removal and "to log in" after insertion. Thus, the memory package can always be properly integrated into a system.

In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the memory package contains at least two memory cells. Each of the memory cells is associated with a respective charging device for individually charging this memory cell (in particular with at least one respective individual charging line to each of the cells). The cells are also connected in series for common discharge via a single discharge line. In particular, the memory package contains 6-10, in particular 8 memory cells. An "individual" charge means that each memory cell can be charged individually and independently of the other memory cells, but in this case one or more memory cells can also be loaded in parallel. This happens, for example, by individual contacting of all memory cells and potential matching in the respective charging line with respect to the potential of the charging connections. Thus, an individual current is adjustable per cell.

In particular, the charging device is a so-called "charger" and the charging control acts as a "master" for all charging devices.

In contrast, the discharge takes place exclusively only via all memory cells in series connection. This leads to the advantage that a massive electrical connection with comparatively high current carrying capacity is only necessary for the series connection for high-current discharge. The contact per cell to the charge may have a comparatively lower current carrying capacity. So only a few massive connecting cables for series connection are necessary. The larger number of charging lines (in particular at least 2 per cell) can thereby simpler, i. with less current carrying capacity.

Overall, this embodiment results in each cell in the memory pack being optimally loadable, which increases overall cell life.

In a preferred variant of this embodiment, each of the memory cells is associated with a cell controller connected to the charging controller of the respective charging device, which is used to control the individual charge of the memory cell. Thus, it is possible to individually and locally control each load on each individual memory cell.

In a preferred variant of this embodiment, at least one of the cell controllers is connected to the charging controller via the interface. In particular, when all cell controllers are connected to the charging controller via the interface, simply contacting the memory pack in the interface is enough to establish all electrical connections for charging, discharging and charging control for the entire memory pack. Additional connections are therefore not necessary.

In particular, a corresponding sensor system, for example temperature, voltage and current sensors in and on the memory pack, can also be contacted via the interface in order to obtain full control over the memory pack and the individual cells.

In particular, a current shunt is provided in the memory pack in the discharge line to measure the discharge current. In particular, a respective voltage and temperature measurement per memory cell or corresponding sensors or connections is provided. Thus, all get relevant information about the memory package via the interface "to the outside" and are there available and all individual loading operations can be individually monitored and controlled. Thus, an individual exchange of individual memory cells in a memory package is purposefully possible because a defective memory cell is identifiable.

In a preferred embodiment, the input part inputs for the connection of a photovoltaic source and / or a combined heat and power plant and / or a power grid. With regard to their power consumption, the parts inputs are controlled in particular by the charging control units and / or the discharge control and / or optionally by a higher-level central control. In particular, the storage device can have a self-service mode in which it is disconnected from the energy supply network and therefore only receives energy from the photovoltaic source and / or the combined heat and power plant. Thus, so-called "isolated solutions" for electricity and / or electricity / heat supply are possible. For example, then only in an emergency energy from the power grid related, but then in particular is not stored in the battery, but only from the entrance to the output or consumers is looped through. Alternatively, however, the storage packets can also be operated as an energy sink for the energy supply network in order, for example, to provide a network operator with acceptance sinks for rejecting excess capacity.

In a preferred embodiment, the output on partial outputs for the connection of a building distributor and / or an electric hot water heater and / or an electric vehicle. The partial connections are regulated by the discharge control, in particular also or alternatively by a higher-level system control. In particular, a power-controlled hot water heating is operated as a hot water heater in order to possibly use excess electrical energy that is not otherwise required, power-controlled for heating water or for storage as heat energy in hot water. For example, a heating lance in a hot water or buffer storage at the corresponding sub-output can be connected. Instead of water, any other medium in the buffer or in other vessels can be used for energy storage or heated.

With regard to the electric vehicle, its supply does not take place, in particular, from the energy store but by looping through energy provided at the input, which, for example, can not or should not be stored in the accumulator, for example overcapacity of a photovoltaic system or of a combined heat and power plant.

However, the storage device never serves as an energy source for the power grid, that is, a power feedback is excluded.

The object is also achieved by a method for operating a memory device according to the invention. According to the method, a respective memory pack is only charged or discharged with energy when the corresponding contact signal is present. The method and at least a part of its embodiments as well as the respective advantages have been explained analogously already in connection with the memory device according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the interface, at least in relation to the transmission of energy on the device side voltage and current free (in particular load-free) is switched after the contact signal has been deactivated and only with voltage and current (load) connected after the contact signal has been activated. The voltage and current release takes place in particular immediately after deactivation, that is as fast as possible due to run times and processing times in appropriate controls. Also, the wiring with voltage and current can be done immediately after the contact signal has been activated. However, a load at a later point in time is also possible here, in particular after a "logon" of the "new" memory packet has taken place in the system, e.g. a synchronization of the voltages, a check of the memory voltage, a system test of the memory pack, etc. Overall, it is thus achieved that a connection and disconnection of the memory pack with the interface is always voltage and current free (no load).

In a further preferred embodiment, the receptacle has a locking device in order to mechanically lock the storage package in the end position, as explained above. The contact signal is activated only after the locking device has been locked, that is, in the locked state or was brought there. The contact signal is deactivated before the locking device is unlocked, ie has arrived in the unlocked state. This ensures that the memory pack is locked in the end position before the contact signal is activated and thus the interface is contacted. It is also ensured that the contact signal is deactivated before the locking device releases the memory package for removal from the receptacle and thus for release from the interface. A possible implementation is done for example via mechanical adjustment of the locking device, so for example when locking first a locking mechanical engagement takes place and only then a mechanical contact on a sensor for generating the contact signal is triggered. Conversely, for example, a mechanical latch is first moved away from the contact to deactivate the contact signal before a mechanically interlocking engagement is released as the latch advances.

In a preferred embodiment, the memory pack contains at least two memory cells. Each of the memory cells is then individually charged, but only all cells are always discharged together in series. This procedure has already been explained above in connection with the memory package.

In a preferred embodiment, the storage device is operated as part of an energy center for a building, wherein the power center is autonomously operable by a power grid. In such a self-service operation, the storage device is powered exclusively from a photovoltaic system and / or a combined heat and power plant via the input with energy. The energy from the outlet is supplied exclusively to a building connection and / or an electric hot water heater and / or a scooter. In particular, there is no power feedback in the power grid and no reference from the power grid. This reference from the energy supply network is only in special cases, for example, if the power requirement can not be covered by the "self-sufficient" energy sources (photovoltaic system, cogeneration) or a system error, for example, the engine of the cogeneration plant is not startable. In this respect, the subject matter of the invention is also an energy center with storage device and an operating method for the energy center.

• 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Speichereinrichtung,
• 2 eine Schubfachaufnahme in Seitenansicht,
• 3 die Schubfachaufnahme aus 2 in Frontansicht,
• 4 ein Speicherpaket mit einzelnen Speicherzellen.

Further features, effects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and the accompanying figures. This shows in a schematic outline sketch:

• 1 a memory device according to the invention,
• 2 a drawer receptacle in side view,
• 3 the drawer receptacle off 2 in front view,
• 4 a memory package with individual memory cells.

1 shows a storage device 2 for here only symbolically represented electrical energy e with an entrance 4 to absorb the energy e and with an exit 6 for the release of energy e , The exit 6 and the entrance 4 are three-phase AC voltage connections. The storage device 2 has three shots 8a-c on. In each of the shots 8a-c is a storage package 10 , here a battery pack, can be used, which has DC voltages with respect to its external contacts and internally to the battery cells. Each of the shots 8a-c has an interface 12a-c on to the memory pack 10 at least for the transmission of energy e (Charging / discharging of the battery pack) to contact electrically. Exemplary is only the recording 8a with a memory package 10 occupied, the recordings 8b, c are unoccupied. Each of the shots 8a-c contains a sensor 14a-c , each of the sensors 14a-c indicates a respective contact signal Ka-c only then, or is the signal Ka-c only active if a respective memory pack 10 in the respective interface 12a-c is contacted. In the example, therefore, the contact signal Ka is present or active, the contact signals Kb and Kc are not present or are inactive and therefore indicated in parentheses. The storage device 2 So here is the memory package 10 , which is inserted into the receptacle 8a.

Each of the shots 8a-c also includes its own charging control 16a-c that with the respective sensor 14a-c connected is. The charge control 16a-c serves to charge a respectively used storage package 10 , The charge control 16a-c is designed so that a charge of the relevant storage package can only be done only if the corresponding contact signal Ka-c is present. The charge then takes place with energy e from the entrance 4 , to which a three-phase AC voltage, in this case 400 V three-phase current, which is connected via a rectifier 18 is converted into DC voltage, so the DC voltage having memory packets 10 to load. In the present case, only this is the case Contact signal Ka before or is active, so only in the illustrated memory pack 10 in the intake 8a energy e can be loaded. The entrance 4 has three parts inputs 5a-c on, wherein the part input 5a for connection of a photovoltaic source, the input 5b for connection of a combined heat and power plant (its electric power output) and the part input 5c for connecting a public power supply network is used.

The storage device 2 also includes a discharge control 20 that with the sensors 14a-c connected is. The charge control 20 is for all shots 8a-c jointly responsible. The unloading control 20 unloads from at least one of the contacted memory packets 10 energy e to the exit 6 out. The unloading control 20 is designed so that a discharge can only take place when the corresponding contact signal Ka-c is present. In the present case, only the contact signal Ka is present or active, so that only from the memory pack shown 10 in the intake 8a energy e taken and to the exit 6 can be transported.

With regard to the discharge, all interfaces lead 12a-c (via unspecified individual lines) to a node 22 then the (over another line) to the exit 6 leads. Between the node 22 and the exit 6 is an inverter 24 arranged. The inverter 24 generated from the storage packages 10 removed energy (DC) an AC voltage, here also 400 volt three-phase three-phase. The exit 6 has three partial outputs 7a-c on, where the partial output 7a is used to connect a building distributor ("fuse box") for a residential building, here a single house, the partial output 7b is used to connect an electric hot water heater, here a power-controlled heating lance in a buffer of the family house, and the partial output 7c is a Charging output for an electric vehicle, here a car with electric drive.

The storage device 2 is operated here as part of a not shown, operated by a power supply network self-sufficient power plant for a single-family dwelling. In Autarkiebetrieb takes the storage device 2 Energy exclusively from the photovoltaic system connected to the part input 5a and the combined heat and power plant connected to the part input 5b. No energy is drawn from the energy supply network at the part input 5c. If necessary, energy is supplied to the building connection (fuse box) of the building via the partial output 7a. Energy to an electric hot water heater is given if necessary via the partial output 7b and energy to an electric vehicle if required via the partial output 7c. Each over the entrance 4 absorbed excess energy at the output 6 is not needed, that is not looped through to this (a loop-through connection 50 is only symbolically indicated) is in the memory package 10 saved.

Represents the operator of the storage device 2 For example, that determines the capacity of the storage package 10 in the receptacle 8a for storing energy e is insufficient for his needs, he expands the storage capacity of the storage device 2 by inserting further memory packets 10 in the recordings 8b and / or 8c.

2 shows an alternative shot 8a in side view (in the direction of arrow II in FIG 3 ) with inserted memory package 10 , 3 shows the situation in frontal view in the direction of arrow III in 2 , Representative only the recording 8a is explained here, the recordings 8b and c are constructed identically. The interface 12a is by a mating contact 26 at the storage package 10 electrically contacted to the memory pack 10 Here with respect to all its electrical connections, which are led to the outside to contact. It is therefore a multi-pole interface 12a / mating contact 26 , The receptacle 8a is a drawer receptacle for inserting the storage package 10 in the direction of the arrow 28 , A removal of the storage package 10 takes place in the opposite direction of the arrow 28 , Since the interface 12a is fixedly attached to the receptacle 8a (on a support frame not shown here) and the mating contact 26 stuck to the storage package 10 is arranged, there is an automatic or forced contacting between interface 12a and mating contact 26 by inserting the memory pack 10 in the direction of the arrow 28 in the in 2 shown end position P , Both the recording 8a and the memory package 10 each have a part of a cooperating locking device 30 on to the memory pack 10 mechanically in the final position P to lock.

The sensor 14a is connected to the latch device 30 coupled, so that the contact signal Ka only with locked latch device 30 is present. The locking device 30 is pulled out in the locked state V and dashed in the unlocked state U shown. In the locked state V pushes a pivot bolt 32 the locking device on the executed here as a microswitch sensor 14a, so that this generates the contact signal Ka and the contact signal Ka is active. In addition, the pivot bolt engages behind 32 a structural part or a lower edge 38 the recording 8a and locked so the memory pack 10 against a movement against the direction of the arrow 28 positively (symbolically represented with not existing in practice gap).

To unlock the Schenkriegel 32 in the direction of the arrow 34 around an axis 36 pivoted. The pivot bolt 32 After rotation through 90 ° no longer abuts on the receptacle 8a or lies below the lower edge 38 , so that the form-fitting is canceled and the memory package 10 against the direction of the arrow 28 can be removed. Before this is possible, the pivot bolt moves away 32 from the microswitch in the form of the sensor 14a (a switching pin is released, also shown in dashed lines), so that the contact signal Ka disappears or is deactivated. The deactivation of the contact signal Ka happens while the mechanical lock is released, that is before the pivot bolt 32 under the bottom edge 38 the receptacle 8a pivots. Conversely, engages when locking the pivot bolt 32 initially mechanically locking the lower edge 38 and mechanically locks the memory pack 10 in the final position P in the receptacle 8a, before the sensor 14a is actuated and the contact signal Ka is activated.

After deactivating the contact signal Ka, the corresponding interface 12a is immediately connected without voltage and current (load-free), so that a load-free removal of the memory pack 10 is possible. Only after activation of the contact signal Ka is the interface 12a again connected with voltage and current (load) or for charging and discharging of the memory pack 10 enabled, so that a load-free insertion of the memory pack is guaranteed.

In combination with the above-mentioned function of the locking device 30 This ensures a transfer of energy from and to the storage package 10 only takes place when the corresponding contact signal Ka is present and thus the memory pack 10 securely locked in the end position and thus the interface 12a is securely contacted.

4 shows a memory package 10 in detail, which here five memory cells 40a-e Contains (batteries). Each of the memory cells 40a-e is a loader 42a-e assigned to each memory cell 40a-e each to be able to load independently of the others. In 4 only the charging devices 42a, b are outlined in dashed lines. The charge of each memory cell 40a-e takes place via in each case comparatively low-power dimensioned ("little" current carrying capacity) charging lines 44 ,

For discharge are all memory cells 40a-e via a comparatively high-performance dimensioned ("high" current-carrying) discharge line 46 connected in series. The storage device 2 or the memory pack is designed so that a charge of the memory cells 40a-e exclusively only via the charging lines 44 takes place, a discharge exclusively only via the discharge line 46 can be done.

Each of the charging devices 42a-e has one of the respective memory cell 40a-e associated cell control 48a-e on that the individual charge of each memory cell 40a-e controls or regulates. In particular, the cell control 48a-e as one on the memory cell 40a-e can be placed on the board. All cell controls 48a-e are about the mating contact 26 and the interface 12a is connected to the charging controller 16a. Here symbolically only one line, representative of eg a communication bus and power lines, drawn.

In 1 becomes the storage device 2 operated as part of a not shown, operable by a power grid self-sufficient power plant for a building. In the autarky mode shown, the memory device takes 2 Energy exclusively from the photovoltaic system connected to the part input 5a and the combined heat and power plant connected to the part input 5b. No energy is drawn from the energy supply network at the part input 5c. If necessary, energy is supplied to the building connection of the building via the partial output 7a, energy is delivered to an electric hot water heating via the partial outlet 7b and energy is sent to an electric vehicle via the partial outlet 7c. Each over the entrance 4 absorbed excess energy at the output 6 is not needed, that is not looped through to this (loop through 50 only symbolically indicated in the memory package 10 saved).

Represents the operator of the storage device 2 For example, that determines the capacity of the storage package 10 As a rule, it does not suffice for its requirements, but it extends the storage capacity of the storage device 2 by inserting further memory packages 10 in the recordings 8b and / or 8c.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

memory device

4

entrance

5a-c

Supply input

6

output

7a-c

part output

8a-c

admission

10

memory package

12a-c

interface

14a-c

sensor

16a-c

charge control

18

rectifier

20

discharge control

22

node

24

inverter

26

countercontact

28

arrow

30

locking device

32

swivel bolt

34

arrow

36

axis

38

lower edge

40a-e

memory cell

42a-e

loader

44

charging cable

46

discharge line

48a-e

cell control

50

Through connection

e

energy

Ka-c

Contact signal

P

end position

V

Condition (locked)

U

Condition (unlocked)

Claims (15)

Storage device (2) for electrical energy (E), with an input (4) for receiving the energy (E) and with an output (6) for emitting the energy (E), characterized in that - the memory device (2) more Recordings (8a-c) for a respective, having a DC voltage memory pack (10), wherein each of the receptacles (8a-c) has an interface (12a-c) to the memory pack (10) at least for the transmission of energy (E ) and each of the receptacles (8a-c) has a sensor (14a-c) having a contact signal (Ka-c) only when the memory package (10) in the interface (12a-c) contacts wherein each of the receptacles (8a-c) contains a charge control (16a-c) for the respective memory pack (10) connected to the respective sensor (14a-c) in order to supply the memory pack (10) exclusively in the presence of the contact signal ( Ka-c) from the input (4) with energy (E) to load, - the memory device (2) one with the Sensors (14a-c) connected discharge control (20), which is jointly responsible for all recordings (8a-c) to at least from one of the contacted memory packs (10) energy (E) only in the presence of the contact signal (Ka-c). with respect to the discharge of the memory packs (10) all interfaces (12a-c) lead to a node (22) leading to the output (6). Storage device (2) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the receptacle (8a-c) is designed as a drawer receptacle for insertion of the storage package (10). Memory device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the input (4) and / or the output (6) is a three-phase AC voltage connection. Memory device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the memory device (2) contains at least one memory pack (10) which can be inserted into at least one of the receptacles (8a-c). Memory device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the memory pack (10) inserted into the receptacle (8a-c) into an end position (P) is automatically contacted in the interface (12a-c), - the receptacle (8a-c) and / or - if present - the memory pack (10) has a locking device (30) to lock the memory pack (10) mechanically in the end position (P), wherein the sensor (14a-c) with the Locking device (30) is coupled and the contact signal (Ka-c) is present only in a locked state (V) of the locking device (30). Storage device (2) according to one of Claims 4 to 5 characterized in that the memory pack (10) includes at least two memory cells (40a-e), each of the memory cells (40a-e) being associated with a respective load device (42a-e) for individual charging, and the memory cells (40a-e ) are connected in series for common discharge via a single discharge line (46). Storage device (2) after Claim 6 characterized in that each of the memory cells (40a-e) is associated with a cell controller (48a-e) connected to the charge controller (16a-c) of the respective charging device (42a-e) for controlling the individual charge of the memory cell (40a -e) is used. Storage device (2) after Claim 7 , characterized in that at least one of the cell controllers (48a-e) is connected via the interface (12a-c) to the charging controller (16a-c). Memory device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the input (4) part inputs (5a-c) for the connection of a photovoltaic source and / or a combined heat and power plant and / or a power supply network. Storage device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output (6) partial outlets (7a-c) for the connection of a building distributor and / or an electric hot water heater and / or an electric vehicle. Method for operating a memory device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a respective memory pack (10) is only charged or discharged with energy (E) when the corresponding contact signal (Ka-c) is present. Method according to Claim 11 , characterized in that the interface (12a-c) at least in relation to the transmission of energy (E) device side voltage and current-free switched after the contact signal (Ka-c) has been disabled, and is first connected with voltage and current after the contact signal (Ka-c) has been activated. Method according to one of Claims 11 to 12 , characterized in that the receptacle (8a-c) has a locking device (30) for mechanically locking the storage package (10) in an end position (P), wherein the contact signal (Kac) is activated only after the locking device ( 30) is in a locked state (V), and the contact signal (Ka-c) is deactivated before the latch device has arrived in an unlocked state (U). Method according to one of Claims 11 to 13 , characterized in that the memory pack (10) contains at least two memory cells (40a-e), each of the memory cells (40a-e) being individually charged, but always only all memory cells (40a-e) being discharged together in series. Method according to one of Claims 11 to 14 , characterized in that the storage device (2) is operated as part of an autonomously operable by a power grid power plant for a building and is supplied in an autarchy exclusively from a photovoltaic system and / or a combined heat and power plant via the input (4) with energy (E) and energy (E) via the output (6) exclusively to a building connection and / or an electric hot water heater and / or a scooter emits.

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