DE102016119240A1 - transport packaging - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transport packaging with an outer packaging (12) and at least one filling element (14) which has a casing (36) and filling material (42) surrounded by the casing (36). According to the invention, it is provided that the filling material (42) comprises textured glass yarn (24).

Description

The invention relates to a transport packaging with an outer packaging and at least one filling element which has a casing and filling material surrounded by the casing. Such transport packaging is used, for example, to safely transport flammable, highly flammable or spontaneously combustible goods, such as lithium-ion batteries. In order to ensure that the fire can not spread from the transport packaging to the environment, the aim is and is partially required by law that the transport packaging must be designed so that a fire of the goods to be shipped from the transport packaging must be included.

It is from the DE 10 2010 048 051 A1 known to arrange between the outer packaging and the shipping cargo filling elements, which consist of non-combustible granules, in particular of vermiculite or glass foam balls. These have the further advantage that the liquid which escapes in the event of a defect, for example of a lithium-ion accumulator, is sucked up, so that a hazard to the environment is avoided.

A disadvantage of known transport packaging, the relatively high weight of the filling elements and the relatively high cost in the manufacture of a container based on the transport packaging.

The invention has for its object to reduce disadvantages in the prior art.

The invention solves the problem by a generic transport packaging in which the filling material has textured glass yarn.

An advantage of the invention is that the item to be shipped in such a transport packaging is particularly well protected against shocks. Textured glass yarn has a surprisingly high elasticity and can therefore absorb shocks well.

Such filling elements also have a high compression elasticity. In other words, the filler springs back strongly after compression. The filling elements can thus easily adapt to varying geometries of packaged objects. These filling elements therefore facilitate the manufacture of containers.

It is also advantageous that the filling elements have a comparatively low density. The conditional by the filler additional weight of a container is characterized comparatively low.

It is also favorable that such filling elements can be formed liquid-absorbent. The material is more fluid-indicative than conventional vermiculite or foam glass granules. Thus, despite lower density, it achieves sufficient absorbency (per package).

It is also beneficial that the filling material does not emit particles and in particular does not dust.

In the context of the present description, the outer packaging is understood in particular to be a packaging which surrounds, in particular envelops, the shipping goods as well as the filling elements. It is advantageous if the outer packaging forms a closed in all directions envelope. The outer packaging may for example consist of metal, in particular aluminum, wood, plastic or cardboard or of a mixture of two or more materials.

The outer packaging is in particular dimensionally stable, that is to say that it carries its own weight and the weight of the filling elements as well as the shipping goods without plastic deformation.

The filling element is understood to mean an object which serves to fill the space between the goods to be shipped and the outer packaging as well as to suppress the spread of a fire or to delay the spread of the fire.

The shell is an object that surrounds the filler so that it can not leave the shell. It is possible, but not necessary, for the envelope to be incombustible. For example, the shell is wholly or partially constructed of fire protection textile. A fire protection textile is a non-combustible textile, in particular a woven or knitted fabric. A non-combustible shell improves fire safety.

By inorganic fibers is meant in particular metallic fibers and mineral fibers. The mineral fibers may be, for example, glass fibers.

The filling material may in particular be present as filament yarn, for example as a textured or swirled filament yarn, as a spun yarn or as a non-oriented fiber pack. Under a non-oriented fiber package is in particular a wool according to DIN 1094 Understood.

The glass yarn may be, for example, a filament yarn or a spun yarn. Under a textured glass yarn is also understood in particular swirled or loop-textured glass yarn. Instead of "textured" could therefore always be said "textured or swirled".

Preferably, the filler material is nonflammable. It is favorable if the filler material consists of at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 85% by weight, of glass fibers.

Textured glass yarn is understood to mean, in particular, a glass yarn consisting of at least two yarns, in particular a plied yarn, wherein the yarns are arranged relative to one another such that at least one of the yarns forms a large number of loops. In particular, at least one yarn is bent and / or swirled.

Preferably, at least one yarn is wound around at least one other glass yarn. It is convenient if the glass yarns are coated with an adhesive. This increases the compression elasticity. The yarns consist, for example, of a multiplicity of glass filaments.

Preferably, the filling element is designed as a cushion. It is particularly favorable if the cushion is formed like a tube. A cushion is designed in a hose-like manner, in particular, when it has an extent which is at least three times greater in a longitudinal direction than in both transverse directions extending perpendicularly thereto.

It is favorable if the filling material has an electrical conductivity of at most 10 ^-8 S / m. It is favorable if the shell material from which the shell is constructed has an electrical conductivity of at most 10 ^-8 S / m. In this case, the filling elements simultaneously serve as electrical insulators.

Preferably, the filler material consists of at least 85% by weight of multifilament glass fibers. In particular, the filling material is designed as a stuffing wool. This has a particularly high compression elasticity and thus allows a particularly simple production of a transport package.

Preferably, the filler material has a compression elasticity, also known as resilience or compressibility, at a load of initially 4800 Newton per square meter and then 170 Newton per square meter of at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.45. To measure the compressive elasticity, first fill 100 g of filling material into a stationary cylinder with an internal diameter of 104 mm and then wait one minute. Subsequently, a piston with a weight of 39 Newton and then a second piston with a weight of 1.5 Newton is placed. The pistons have an outer diameter that is smaller by a small amount than the inner diameter of the cylinder, so that the pistons can slide with play in the cylinder. After placing the two pistons, wait another minute and then read the height of the lower edge of the lowest piston above a bottom of the cylinder.

Subsequently, the first piston with the weight of 39 Newton is removed and maintained for another minute. Then the second level is read. The compression elasticity is calculated as the quotient of the filling level when loaded with both pistons (counter) and the load with only the lighter piston (denominator). High compression elasticity means that packages with widely differing dimensions can be packed with the same filling elements. At the same time their number can be reduced with well-compressible filling elements and thus minimizes the packaging effort.

Preferably, the filler material has a density of at most 0.1 g / cm ³ or 100 g / m ² . A lower density means a lower added weight to the weight of the goods to be shipped and is therefore advantageous.

Preferably, the density is at least 0.025 grams per cubic centimeter or 25 kg / m ³ . It has been found that textured glass fibers are not mechanically stable below this density.

In order to achieve a sufficiently high bending stiffness and thus a high compressive elasticity, the textured glass fibers have at least 90% by weight a filament diameter of at least 18 μm, in particular at least 20 μm. When the textured glass fiber has multiple filaments, the filament diameter is understood to mean the largest diameter of the filaments.

It is favorable if the glass fibers after a softening point DIN ISO 7884-5 have at least 800 ° C. In the event of a fire, this leads to a safe enclosure of the fire and minimizes the risk to the environment.

Preferably, the filling material, in particular the glass yarn, has a good sorption capacity for common electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. A mixture of ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (mass ratio 1: 1) is a widely used electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries and is often used for comparative measurements of the sorption capacity of binders for these fluids. In particular, the glass fiber filling has a sorbent capacity of at least 2 kilograms for dimethyl carbonate and 3 kilograms for 3 kilograms for EC-DMC (mass ratio 1: 1) per kilogram of glass yarn.

Preferably, the shell is constructed of fiberglass textile. The fiberglass textile can be coated or multilayered. It is possible, but not necessary that all layers are made of glass fibers. In particular, it is possible that the shell is liquid-permeable, so that any leaking electrolyte can pass through the shell to the textured glass fibers.

Alternatively or additionally, the sheath is constructed of a fleece, in particular a plastic fleece, for example of a polypropylene fleece. The area-specific mass is then preferably less than 60 grams per square meter and is for example 30 grams per square meter. Such a nonwoven has a particularly high retention capacity for the glass yarns.

Preferably, the transport packaging complies with the European Convention on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, as of 2015, in particular Chapter 4.1.4.1, and / or the ICAO-TI, as of 01.01.2015.

According to a preferred embodiment, the filling element is designed so that it can be compressed by a pressure of at most 20 kPa with a test stamp a circular area with a diameter of 12 cm to at least 70%. In other words, such a test pressure results in the filling element having a height which is less than 0.3 times the height without external load at the location where the test stamp presses. This is particularly advantageous because typical packages, such as lithium-ion batteries for electric bicycles, generate a surface pressure of about 1000 Pa. When packing and the eventual occurrence of bumps must be collected about 5 times the pressure. It is therefore advantageous if the filling element has a comparatively high flexibility.

Preferably, the filling element is designed as a cushion and has a first broad side and a second broad side. The first broad side preferably has a width of 10 cm, in particular of at least 15 cm, in order to be able to produce containers as quickly as possible. Preferably, a compressive resistance at a relative compression of 70% is at most 30 Newtons per square meter, the pressure resistance at the largest width side being measured with a circular test punch having a diameter of 12 cm. This pressure resistance is a measure of how resilient the filling element is under a typical load, such as occurs in containers. Preferably, the pressure resistance is at least 30,000 Newton per square meter.

Alternatively or additionally, the pressure resistance when measured with the above-mentioned measurement parameters at a relative compression of 33% is at most 5000 Newton per square meter and / or at a relative compression of 80% is at least 20,000 Newton per square meter.

It is favorable if the hooking region extends to at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, relative compression in the filling element. The Hooke area is determined as follows: The filling element, which has a width of at least 10 cm in all dimensions, is compressed with a circular test punch with a diameter of 12 cm so that the test punch moves towards the center of mass of the filling element. It is then increased with the test stamp applied to the filling element force and measured the change in height. According to Hooke's law, there is an area in which the compression depends linearly on the test force, namely the Hooke area. In other words, the respective measured value deviates by at most 10% from a compensation straight line through the measured values. It should be noted that this compensation straight line is a zero-point straight line. With very large compression, the force required for further compression increases disproportionately and the Hookesche range is thus left. The further the Hookesche area extends, the better shocks are absorbed on the container.

An independent object of the present invention is a transport packaging comprising (a) an overwrap and (b) at least one filler having a shell and filler surrounded by the shell, wherein (c) the filler is incombustible and also has the aforementioned compression resilience and / or or density and / or sorptivity and / or pressure resistance and / or said extension of the Hooke area. It is possible within the scope of this invention, but not necessary, for the filler material to comprise at least one textured glass yarn. The preferred embodiments mentioned in this description also apply to this aspect of the invention.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows

1 1 schematically a transport packaging according to the invention in a perspective view,

2 a schematic cross section through the transport packaging according to 1 .

3 a manufacturing apparatus for producing textured glass fibers,

4 an alternative device for producing textured glass fibers,

5 a schematic view of a filling element of a transport packaging according to the invention and

6 a schematic view of a second filling element.

7a and 7b show a measurement of compression elasticity and

8th with the sub-figures 8a, 8b and 8c shows a test setup for determining the pressure resistance.

9 with the subfigures 9a and 9b shows a further schematic cross section through a transport packaging according to the invention.

1 shows a shipping box 10 with an outer packaging 12 and filling elements 14.1 . 14.2 , .... The outer packaging 12 consists of sheet metal. A lid 16 is made by clamping elements 18.1 . 18.2 on a basic body of the outer packaging 12 attached gas-tight, so that the outer packaging 12 a shipment 20 (see. 2 ) surrounds liquid-tight.

It is a preferred embodiment that the shipping package 10 , as in 1 shown a floor 22 has, which is designed to engage with a stacking fork of a forklift.

2 shows the shipping box 10 according to 1 schematically in cross section. It can be seen that the shipping goods 20 from a variety of filling elements 14.1 . 14.3 , ... is surrounded. The filling elements 14.i (i = 1, 2, 3, ...) are located between the packaging 12 and the shipping goods 20 ,

3 schematically shows a machine for producing textured glass yarn 24 , which may also be referred to as a glass multifilament yarn, in the present case of a multifilament yarn 25 , The multifilament yarn 25 includes a variety of filaments 26.i , in particular more than 100 filaments of which the filaments 26.1 , ..., 26.6 are drawn. This is the multifilament yarn 25 unwound from a spool and placed in a nozzle 30 with compressed air 32 swirled so that the textured glass yarn 24 forms.

The textured glass yarn 24 gets into a shell 36 shot down, where it forms a confusion. After injecting a predetermined amount of glass yarn 24 becomes the glass fiber 24 cut off and the shell 36 closed, for example by sewing.

4 shows an alternative manufacturing apparatus in which a multifilament yarn consisting of a plurality of filaments 38 is supplied as a core with a lower feed rate v ₁ as a second multifilament yarn 40 , By swirling with compressed air in the nozzle 30 and the different yarn tensions becomes the second yarn 40 around the core yarn 38 swirls around and forms a loop-shaped texture. The resulting textured glass yarn 24 will, as in 3 shown in the case 36 shot.

5 shows that the textured fiberglass 24 from the shell 36 is surrounded. The basic shape of the filling elements 14.1 can be rectangular or, as in 5 shown to be convex and / or partially concave in sections.

6 shows another possible form of filling element.

2 shows that the shipping goods 20 , the outer packaging 12 and the filling elements 14.i an inventive container 34 form.

The 7a and 7b show a measurement of compression elasticity. First, 100 g of filler material 42 , in the present case, of exactly one textured glass yarn 24 exists in a standing cylinder 44 filled with an inner diameter D _i of 104 mm and then maintained for one minute. Below is a piston 46 with a weight of G ₄₆ = 39 Newtons and then a second piston 48 with a weight of G ₄₈ = 1.5 Newton. The pistons 46 . 48 have an outer diameter D _a , which is smaller by a small amount than the inner diameter D _{i of} the cylinder, for example, 0.1 mm, so that the piston 46 . 48 with play in the cylinder 44 can slide.

After placing the two pistons 46 . 48 is waited for another minute and then the height h _{k of} the lower edge of the lowermost piston 46 read over a bottom of the cylinder. Subsequently, the first piston 46 removed with the weight G ₄₆ of 39 Newton and waited another minute. Thereafter, the second filling level h _{k is} read. The compression elasticity κ results as a quotient κ = h _k / h _e from the filling level h _k when loaded with both pistons (counter) and the load with only the lighter piston (denominator).

8a shows a test setup for determining the pressure resistance ε. This is a filler 14 , which is shown in dashed lines and a first broadside 50 and a second broadside 52 that has the first broadside 50 opposite, with a test mark 54 with a diameter d = 3 cm with a compressive force F acted upon. A width B is preferably more than 3 cm, in particular 10 cm. A length L (cf. 8b ) is greater than the width B.

As in the 8a and 8b shown, the test stamp 54 in the filling element 14 pressed. From the pressure force F and the area A = b ² , the pressure p is calculated, which can be referred to as surface pressure.

8c shows the dependence of the pressure p on the compression k = z / _' z _o . It can be seen that the Hooke area for textured glass fibers extends beyond a relative compression of k = 0.7.

The 9a and 9b each show a cross section through a shipping container according to the invention 10 , It can be seen that few filling elements 14.1 . 14.2 . 14.3 Sufficient to ship the goods 20 to surround.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

 shipping container

12

 overpack

14

 filler

16

 cover

18

 clamping elements

20

 shipping goods

22

 ground

24

 textured glass yarn

25

 multifilament yarn

26

 filament yarn

28

 Kitchen sink

30

 jet

32

 compressed air

34

 container

36

 shell

38

 smooth core yarn

40

 smooth multifilament yarn

42

 filling material

44

 cylinder

46

 first piston

48

 second piston

50

 first broadside

52

 second broadside

54

 dolly

A

 area

F

 thrust

b

 diameter

B

 width

L

 length

v

 feed rate

D _i

 Inner diameter

D _a

 outer diameter

G

 Weight

h _k

 first height

h _e

 second height

p

 print

κ

 compression elasticity

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010048051 A1 [0002]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN 1094 [0016]
• DIN ISO 7884-5 [0029]

Claims (11)

Transport packaging with (a) an outer packaging ( 12 ) and (b) at least one filling element ( 14 ), which - a shell ( 36 ) and - from the shell ( 36 ) surrounding filling material ( 42 ), characterized in that (c) the filling material ( 42 ) textured glass yarn ( 24 ) having. Transport packaging according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling material ( 42 ) of at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 85% by weight, of textured multifilament yarn ( 25 ) consists of glass fibers. Transport packaging according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling material ( 42 ) A compression elasticity (K) at a load of first of 4800 N / m ² and then from 170 N / m ² of at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.45, has. Transport packaging according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling material ( 42 ) - has a density of at most 100 kg / m ³ and / or - has a density of at least 25 kg / m ³ . Transport packaging according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling material ( 42 ) (a) at least 90% by weight consists of filaments having a filament diameter of at least 18 μm, in particular 20 μm, and / or (b) having a softening point of at least 800 ° C and / or (c) has a sorptive capacity for a mixture of carbonic acid dimethyl ester and ethylene carbonate in the mass ratio of 1: 1 of at least 2.5 kilograms per kilogram of glass fibers. Transport packaging according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling element per envelope ( 36 ) not more than ten, in particular not more than five glass yarns ( 24 ) contains. Transport packaging according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling element ( 14 ) (a) is designed as a cushion and a first broad side ( 50 ) and a second broadside ( 52 ), the first broadside ( 50 ), (b) the first broadside ( 50 ) has a width of at least 10 centimeters, in particular at least 15 centimeters, and (c) a pressure resistance (ε), measured on the largest broad side with a circular test stamp ( 54 ) having a diameter (d) of 12 centimeters - at a relative compression of 33% is at most 5,000 newtons per square meter and / or - at a relative compression of 80% is at least 20,000 newtons per square meter. Transport packaging according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the filling element ( 14 ) the Hooke's range extends to at least 55%, in particular at least 65%, of the relative compression. Containers ( 34 ) comprising (a) a transport packaging according to one of the preceding claims and (b) at least one shipping item which is arranged in the transport packaging, (c) wherein the at least one filling element ( 14 ) at least predominantly between the goods to be shipped and the outer packaging ( 12 ) is arranged. Containers ( 34 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the goods to be shipped a lithium battery, in particular a defective lithium battery is. Using a pillow that has a shell ( 36 ) and at least one textured glass yarn enclosed by the shell ( 24 ), as a filling element ( 14 ), especially for transport packaging.

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