DE102016015024A1 - Tolerance-compensating detachable connection of highly loaded components - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fastening device (100) having a fastening screw (1) for fastening a first component (10) to a second component (20) with a fastening bore (21), wherein the first component (10) has a channel (11) for the A fastening screw (1), characterized in that it comprises an expansion nut (3) which is pluggable in an unexpanded state through the mounting hole (21) and a stopper projection (6) for a stop by the second component (20), wherein the expansion nut (3) is positively seated to the first component (10) and aligned on the channel (11) and the fastening screw (1) is arranged in the channel (11) and screwed into the expansion nut (3), wherein a shaft (5) the expansion nut (3) is formed, during the tightening of the fastening screw (1) on the first component (10) opposite side of the mounting hole (21) aufzupilzen plastically deforming while a R firmly press firmly against the attachment projection (6) against the stop projection (6).

Description

The invention relates to a fastening device with a fastening screw for fastening a first component to a second component and in particular with an expansion nut. Furthermore, the invention relates to an accumulator with such a fastening device and a vehicle with such a rechargeable battery, a method for mounting the fastening device and a method for fixing a first provided with such a fastening device component to a second component.

Vehicles with electric drive often have an accumulator with a mass of several hundred kilograms. The connection of the accumulator with the vehicle body has to meet certain mechanical requirements in the event of accidents, in particular in the event of a collision of the vehicle. At the same time a desired interchangeability of the accumulator requires a detachable connection. Such is preferably done with a series of highly loaded screw connections. To assemble the screw and nut, an exact positioning of the screw and the nut to each other is required. However, manufacturing tolerances in the shell bring inaccuracies and prevent accurate positioning during assembly of the battery. This becomes particularly difficult when the assembly takes place in a later production phase, for example after painting.

The DE 37 03 024 A1 relates to a connecting or fastening device with an integrally molded tubular plastic expansion nut and one of these associated screw, which is preferably also formed of plastic.

The object of the invention is to provide a tolerance-compensating and easily and reversibly mounted connection of highly loaded components, in particular vehicle modules.

The invention results from the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments and refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a fastening device with a fastening screw for fastening a first component to a second component with a fastening bore, wherein the first component has a channel for the fastening screw, characterized in that the fastening device comprises an expansion nut which in an unexpanded state through the mounting hole is pluggable and includes a stop projection for a stop by the second component, wherein the expansion nut is positively seated to the first component and aligned on the channel and the fastening screw is disposed in the channel and screwed into the expansion nut, wherein a shaft of the expansion nut formed is, when screwing the fastening screw on the opposite side of the first component mounting hole plastically deforming aufzupilzen while pressing an edge of the mounting hole against the stop projection firmly clamp.

In particular, the fastening screw has a threadless bolt portion from the head of the fastening screw along a rotationally symmetrical screw shaft. Between the bolt portion of the fastening screw and the screw tip is further preferably an external thread mounted on the screw shaft. Especially in automotive applications, the fastening screw has a strength class of 8.8 or more. Further preferably, a fastening screw is used, the screw shank diameter is at least 6 mm, in particular 10 mm, 12 mm or 14 mm.

The expansion nut is designed to plastically deform at axial pressure above a certain load threshold at least partially in the radial and axial directions. This is particularly the case when the expansion nut is acted upon by a tool with torque or by turning the screw by applying torque to the screw head, but the expansion nut is prevented by striking the second component or the stop projection of a further free rotation. For this purpose, a shaft of the expansion nut is designed so that it mushs up when tightening the expansion nut on the mounting screw on the first component opposite side of the mounting hole, and thus facing away from the screw tip to the second component side, plastically deforming. Thus, the expansion nut presses the edge of the mounting hole against the stop projection. In particular, a forming cone of the expansion nut during mushrooming of the expansion nut leads to a centering of the second component relative to the screw. Preferably, in such a mushrooming of the expansion nut, the second component between the stop projection and the mushroomed expansion nut clamped form fit, so that by frictional action, the second component and the expansion nut are positively connected together with the screw. Thus, the expansion nut sits positively against the second component and is thus aligned with respect to the channel of the first component.

The channel for the fastening screw in the first component is in particular a bore into which the fixing screw is inserted frictionless. Likewise, the mounting hole in the second component is designed such that the fastening screw is playful through this hole feasible.

The fastening screw is preferably made of steel with further advantageous metallic alloying elements. Further preferably, the expansion nut is also formed of a metallic material, in particular of a light metal material. Alternatively, however, the expansion nut can be formed from any other suitable materials, such as a plastic.

It is an advantageous effect of the invention that a high-strength and reversibly releasable connection between two components is provided, which allows geometric tolerances in components, without taking a loss of strength of the connection in purchasing.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the screw head end of the expansion nut for forming the rotationally fixed seat on a rectangular cross section and the spreizmutterseitige end of the channel has a corresponding rectangular shape.

In particular, the spreizmutterseitige end of the channel has a rectangular recess in which the also rectangular screw head end of the spreader nut secured against rotation is insertable. Advantageously, a counter-torque is built up by positive engagement when tightening the expansion nut.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the stop projection is designed as an annular shoulder.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the shank of the spread-open nut is shaped to fit through the mounting hole with play.

Advantageously, therefore, in the assembly, the expansion nut in a unverspreizten, but screwed onto the mounting screw state, are guided by the mounting hole of the second component.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the expansion nut is designed to remain firmly on the second component when unscrewing the fastening screw.

In particular, by the plastic deformation of the expansion nut, or the plastic deformation of at least a portion of the expansion nut, a frictional positive connection between the expansion nut and the second component is constructed. Advantageously, this simplifies a re-assembly of the first component to the second component, and in particular avoided when releasing the fastening device falling down of the unscrewed expansion nut.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the shank of the expansion nut has a front region with an internal thread for receiving the fastening screw and an adjoining sleeve-like deformation region merging into the stop projection.

Accordingly, at least two areas of the expansion nut are to be distinguished. A front region and thus the screw syringe facing the region of the expansion nut has a thread which engages in the thread of the fastening screw and causes an axial relative movement of the screw relative to the expansion nut when secured against rotation of the expansion nut. The second adjoining and the screw head facing region, however, is a thread-free sleeve-like deformation region, which merges into the stop projection. Advantageously, a plastic deformation of the areas with internal thread is thus at least largely avoided.

Another aspect of the invention relates to an accumulator comprising at least four attachment devices, and comprising at least four channels extending through its entire structure.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle having such a rechargeable battery.

The vehicle may be a car, truck, bus, rail vehicle, watercraft (eg, ship), underwater vehicle, or an aircraft. Preferably, the vehicle is a road vehicle with electric drive.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for mounting the fastening device on the first component, characterized in that the expansion nut is placed positively on the channel and the fastening screw pushed from the other side through the channel and screwed until the fixing of the expansion nut.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for fastening a first component provided with at least one fastening device (as described above and below) to a second component provided with at least one fastening bore, wherein the first component is aligned with respect to the second component that a central axis of the fastening screw is coaxial with the mounting hole, wherein the first component is moved in the direction of the central axis in the direction of the second component until the shank of the expansion nut has penetrated so far through the mounting hole, that the stopper protrusion rests against the second component, and wherein the fastening screw is tightened until it plastically deforms mushrooms and thereby firmly clamps the edge of the mounting hole against the stop projection.

Advantages and preferred developments of the proposed method result from an analogous and analogous transmission of the statements made above in connection with the proposed device.

In other words, in a preferred form of mounting a first component, in particular an accumulator for a vehicle, on a second component, in particular a vehicle module, the fastening screws are inserted into the channels of the vehicle module and screwed on the respective screw tip the expansion nuts. In this assembly process, the first component is brought to the second component. The diameter of the mounting hole in the second component is large enough that the expansion nut in the unexpanded condition can be inserted without collision through the mounting hole. After positioning the first component and the second component to each other, the fastening screws are tightened. By tightening the screws areas of the expansion nut are so gespreizt by mushrooming that the expansion nut connects firmly with the second component, whereby the expansion nut and thus the position of the fastening screw are fixed even at a later release. The screw head end of the expansion nut is shaped so that a rotationally tight seat against the first component is formed. For this purpose, in particular this end of the expansion nut and the expansion nut end of the channel of the first component on a corresponding rectangular shape. In addition, the sleeve-like deformation region of the expansion nut is designed such that the mounting hole is largely sealed tightly against fluids by mushrooming this area. The shape of the mushroomed material of the sleeve-like deformation region of the expansion nut depends in particular on the material properties, diameter and length of the unexpanded sleeve-like deformation region. Furthermore, the degree of mushrooming is adjusted by the amount of torque applied to the expansion nut relative to the second component. Advantageously, the interface between the mushroomed region of the expansion nut and the second component is coated with plastic to increase the sealing function.

Further advantages, features and details will become apparent from the following description in which - where appropriate, with reference to the drawings - at least one embodiment is described in detail. The same, similar and / or functionally identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

Show it:

1 a fastening device according to an embodiment of the invention,

2 a fastening device according to a further embodiment of the invention,

3 a fastening device according to a further embodiment of the invention,

4 a fastening device according to a further embodiment of the invention,

5 a vehicle with an accumulator and a fastening device according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention,

6 a method for mounting a fastening device to a first component according to a further embodiment of the invention and

7 a method for fixing a first provided with a fastening device component to a second component according to another embodiment of the invention.

The illustrations in the figures are schematic and not to scale.

1 shows a fastening device 100 with a fixing screw 1 for fastening a first component 10 on a second component 20 , The first component 10 has a channel 11 for the fixing screw 1 on and the second component 20 a mounting hole 21 , The fastening device 100 includes a spreading nut 3 on the fixing screw 1 is screwed on. In the state shown in the figure is the expansion nut 3 in an unexpanded state through the mounting hole 21 through put. Passing the expansion nut through 3 in particular due to the special shape of the shaft 5 the unexpanded expansion nut 3 allows the game involving through the mounting hole 21 fits. At the expansion nut 3 is a stop head 6 arranged so that when pressure on the second component 20 , in particular by further tightening the expansion nut 3 on the fixing screw 1 , a stop between the second component 20 and the stop tab 6 takes place and a stop between the stop projection 6 and the first component 10 he follows. The expanding nut 3 sits form-fitting by meshing of the internal thread 7 with the corresponding external thread on the fixing screw 1 on and when applying a torque positively against the first component 10 in alignment on the canal 11 on. The fixing screw 1 is thus in sections in the channel 11 arranged and in the expansion nut 3 screwed. The screw head end of the expansion nut 3 In particular, to form a rotationally fixed seat of the expansion nut 3 a rectangular cross section, with which the spreizmutterseitige end of the channel 11 is zusammenfügbar with a corresponding rectangular shape. The stop projection 6 is designed as a rotationally symmetrical and thus annular shoulder.

2 shows the fastening device 100 with a fixing screw 1 for fastening a first component 10 on a second component 20 of the 1 , but in a spread state of the expansion nut 3 , The shaft 5 the expanding nut 3 has a front area with an internal thread 7 for receiving the fastening screw 1 and an adjoining into the stop projection 6 transition sleeve-like deformation region 8th on. This deformation area 8th of the shaft 5 the expanding nut 3 is designed such that it is when tightening the mounting screw 1 on the expansion nut 3 on the first component 10 opposite side of the mounting hole 21 plastically deforming mushrooms and thereby an edge of the mounting hole 21 against the stop projection 6 pressing tightly. Due to the plastic deformation of the deformation area 8th the expanding nut 3 thus becomes a constant normal force on the second component 20 applied, which frictional forces between the expansion nut 3 , the second component 20 , the stop tab 6 and the first component 10 pulls and counteracts a displacement of the respective parts.

3 shows the fastening device 100 in a condition in which the fixing screw 1 from the fastening device 100 is solved. The fixing screw 1 is doing through the channel 11 of the first component 10 running smoothly.

4 shows the fastening device 100 in a condition in which the fixing screw 1 from the fastening device 100 already solved. Here is the expansion nut 3 designed such that when unscrewing the fastening screw 1 from the internal thread 7 the expanding nut 3 the expanding nut 3 firmly on the second component 20 remains.

5 shows a vehicle 30 with an accumulator as the first component 10 , The accumulator is equipped with four attachment devices 100 on the second component 20 , a vehicle module arranged. There are four channels in the accumulator 11 present through which the respective mounting screws 1 in the direction of the respective vehicle module 20 are guided.

6 shows a method for mounting the fastening device 100 on the first component 10 , In a first step S1, the expansion nut 3 on the canal 11 positively fitted. In a second step S2, the fastening screw 1 from the other side through the canal 11 pushed. In a third step S3 we then the fixing screw 1 until the fixation of the expansion nut 3 screwed.

7 shows a method for fixing a first component 10 on a second component 20 , wherein the first component 10 with at least one fastening device 100 is provided, and the second component 20 with at least one mounting hole 21 is provided. In a first step S4, the first component 10 opposite the second component 20 aligned so that a central axis of the fastening screw 1 coaxial with the mounting hole 21 lies. The central axis is in the longitudinal direction of the fastening screw 1 aligned and located substantially on an axis with a borehole axis of the mounting hole 21 , In a second step S5, the first component 10 in the direction of the central axis in the direction of the second component 20 moves until the shaft 5 the expanding nut 3 so through the mounting hole 21 that is the key advantage 6 on the second component 20 is applied. In a third step S6, the fastening screw 1 by applying torque to the screw head 9 tightened until it plastically deforms molds while the edge of the mounting hole 21 against the stop projection 6 pressing tightly.

Although the invention has been further illustrated and explained in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. It is therefore clear that a multitude of possible variations exists. It is also to be understood that exemplified embodiments are really only examples that are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention. Rather, the foregoing description and description of the figures enable one skilled in the art to practice the exemplary embodiments, and those skilled in the art, having regard to the inventive concept disclosed, will appreciate various changes, for example, in the function or arrangement of each, in an exemplary embodiment Embodiment of said elements, without departing from the scope defined by the claims and their legal equivalents, such as further explanations in the description.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3703024 A1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Fastening device ( 100 ) with a fixing screw ( 1 ) for fastening a first component ( 10 ) on a second component ( 20 ) with a mounting hole ( 21 ), the first component ( 10 ) a channel ( 11 ) for the fixing screw ( 1 ), characterized in that this an expansion nut ( 3 ), which in an unexpanded state through the mounting hole ( 21 ) is pluggable and a stop projection ( 6 ) for a stop by the second component ( 20 ), wherein the expansion nut ( 3 ) positively to the first component ( 10 ) and aligned on the channel ( 11 ) and the fixing screw ( 1 ) in the channel ( 11 ) and in the expansion nut ( 3 ) is screwed, wherein a shaft ( 5 ) of the expansion nut ( 3 ) is formed when tightening the mounting screw ( 1 ) on the first component ( 10 ) opposite side of the mounting hole ( 21 ) aufzupilzen plastically deforming and thereby an edge of the mounting hole ( 21 ) against the leading edge ( 6 ) pressing tightly. Fastening device ( 100 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw head end of the expansion nut ( 3 ) has a rectangular cross-section to form the rotationally fixed seat and the spreizmutterseitige end of the channel ( 11 ) has a corresponding rectangular shape. Fastening device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop projection ( 6 ) is designed as an annular shoulder. Fastening device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 5 ) of the spread nut ( 3 ) is formed, play through the mounting hole ( 21 ) to fit. Fastening device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion nut ( 3 ) is formed when unscrewing the fastening screw ( 1 ) fixed to the second component ( 20 ) to remain. Fastening device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 5 ) of the expansion nut ( 3 ) a front area with an internal thread ( 7 ) for receiving the fastening screw ( 1 ) and an adjoining one in the attack lead ( 6 ) passing sleeve-like deformation region ( 8th ) having. Accumulator ( 10 ) comprising at least four fastening devices ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least four channels ( 11 ), which extend through its entire structure. Vehicle ( 30 ) comprising an accumulator ( 10 ) according to claim 7. Method for mounting the fastening device ( 100 ) on the first component ( 10 ), characterized in that the expansion nut ( 3 ) on the channel ( 11 ) is positively placed (S1) and the fastening screw ( 1 ) from the other side through the channel ( 11 ) (S2) and until the fixing nut ( 3 ) (S3) is screwed on. Method for fastening a first with at least one fastening device ( 100 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7 provided component ( 10 ) at a second with at least one mounting hole ( 21 ) provided component ( 20 ), wherein - the first component ( 10 ) relative to the second component ( 20 ) is aligned (S4), so that a central axis of the fastening screw ( 1 ) coaxial with the mounting hole ( 21 ), - the first component ( 10 ) in the direction of the central axis in the direction of the second component ( 20 ) is moved (S5) until the shaft ( 5 ) of the expansion nut ( 3 ) so far through the mounting hole ( 21 ) that the leading edge ( 6 ) on the second component ( 20 ), - the fixing screw ( 1 ) is tightened (S6) until it molds plastically deforming and thereby the edge of the mounting hole ( 21 ) against the leading edge ( 6 ) tightly clamped.

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